References on the Administration of Antisense Oligonucleotides Using
ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

P8437 Henke,E., Perk,J., Vider,J., de Candia,P., Chin,Y., Solit,D.B., Ponomarev,V., Cartegni,L., Manova,K., Rosen,N., Benezra,R. Peptide-conjugated antisense oligonucleotides for targeted inhibition of a transcriptional regulator in vivo. NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 26(-1-):91-100. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense, peptide conjugated; oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; peptide, F3; TBS; SC; Mice (nude); mice; 1007D; 1002; 14, 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or control peptide and oligo in non-conjugated form, or rcId1-PCAO; comparison of IV injections vs. mp; pumps replaced after 14 days; no stress (see pg. 95, 97); stability verified after 24 hours in 37 C, plasma up to 28 days in 37 C saline; antisense (Id1, rcId1); cancer (breast, lung carcinoma); peptides; toxicology; animal info (female, nude NCR; male, C57J/B6); antisense oligos covalently coupled to address peptide that targets tumor endothelial cells; "no adverse effects on treated mice have been observed." (p. 97).

P8532 Moenkkoenen,K.S., Hakumaeki,J.M., Hirst,R.A., Miettinen,R.A., O'Callaghan,C., Maennistoe,P.T., Laitinen,J.T. Intracerebroventricular antisense knockdown of G alpha i2 results in ciliary stasis and ventricular dilatation in the rat. BMC NEUROSCIENCE 2007; 8(--):U12-U26. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1007D; 2002; 7,11 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or nonsense or mismatched oligos; no stress (see pg. 2); antisense (G alpha i2); brain tissue distribution; animal info (male, Harlan Wistar, 3 weeks old, 50-100 grams, adult, 250 grams).

P8505 Yurovsky,V.V., Gerzanich,V., Ivanova,S., Dong,Y., Tsymbalyuk,O., Simard,J.M. Autocrine TGF-beta1 mediates angiotensin II-Induced proliferative response of cerebral vessels in vivo. American Journal of Hypertension 2007; 20(-9-):950-956. >>> Angiotensin II; oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Saline; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, cisterna magna); Rat; 2001; 2004; 4-28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; blood pressure taken; antisense (TGF, beta); cardiovascular; peptides; second pump placed IT to deliver ODN.

P8400 Mizushima,T., Obata,K., Katsura,H., Sakurai,J., Kobayashi,K., Yamanaka,H., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Mashimo,T., Noguchi,K. Intensity-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 in sensory neurons contributes to pain hypersensitivity. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2007; 321(-1-):28-34. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothisate antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothisate missense; oligodeoxynucleotide, FITC-labeled; Saline; CSF/CNS (Intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 5); antisense (ERK5); brain tissue distribution; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 220-250g.).

P8408 Proudfoot,C.J., Garry,E.M., Cottrell,D.F., Rosie,R., Anderson,H., Robertson,D.C., Fleetwood-Walker,S.M., Mitchel,R. Analgesia mediated by the TRPM8 cold receptor in chronic neuropathic pain. CURRENT BIOLOGY 2006; 16(-16-):1591-1605. >>> Oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; Oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate missense; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 2002; 5, 13-16 days; Controls received mp w/ missense oligo; antisense (TRPM8, rat); animal info (male, Wistar, 120-250g., chronic constriction sciatic nerve injury).

P8320 Rygh,L.J., Suzuki,R., Rahman,W., Wong,Y., Vonsy,J.L., Sandhu,H., Webber,M., Hunt,S., Dickenson,A.H. Local and descending circuits regulate long-term potentiation and zif268 expression in spinal neurons. European Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 24(-3-):761-772. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate, mismatch; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or mismatch ODN or no treatment; antisense (zif268); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 130-150 grams); dye injections used to confirm cannula placement.

P8134 Figueroa,J.D., Benton,R.L., Velazquez,I., Torrado,A.I., Ortiz,C.M., Hernandez,C.M., Diaz,J.J., Magnuson,D.S., Whittemore,S.R., Miranda,J.D. Inhibition of EphA7 up-regulation after spinal cord injury reduces apoptosis and promotes locomotor recovery. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2006; 84(-7-):1438-1451. >>> Oligonucleotide, missense; oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, FITC antisense; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ missense oligonucleotide; antinsense (EphA7); brain tissue distribution; cyanoacrylate adhesive; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, 200-275g., SCI contusion); mp primed overnight in 37 celsius.

P8113 Kanehisa,M., Akiyoshi,J., Kitaichi,T., Matsushita,H., Tanaka,E., Kodama,K., Hanada,H., Isogawa,K. Administration of antisense DNA for ghrelin causes an antidepressant and anxiolytic response in rats. PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY&BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 2006; 30(-8-):1403-1407. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1003D; 1007D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or missense oligo; antisense (ghrelin); post op. care (ceftriaxone sodium); animal info (male, Wistar, 7-9 wks old, 300-330g.).

P7852 Shimizu,H., Nakagami,H., Tsukamoto,I., Morita,S., Kunugiza,Y., Tomita,T., Yoshikawa,H., Kaneda,Y., Ogihara,T., Morishita,R. NF kappa B decoy oligodeoxynucleotides ameliorates osteoporosis through inhibition of activation and differentiation of osteoclasts. Gene Therapy 2006; 13(-12-):933-941. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; oligodeoxynucleotide, FITC-, antisense; Rat; 2004; 2, 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ missense ODN; functionality of mp verified by FITC-ODN fluorescence detection in tibia; antisense (NFkB); animal info (female, Wistar, 10 wk. old; male, Wistar-ODS, 8 wk. old).

P7849 Sanada,H., Yatabe,J., Midorikawa,S., Katoh,T., Hashimoto,S., Watanabe,T., Xu,J., Luo,Y.J., Wang,X.Y., Zeng,C.Y., Armando,I., Felder,R.A., Jose,P.A. Amelioration of genetic hypertension by suppression of renal G protein-coupled receptor kinase type 4 expression. Hypertension 2006; 47(-6-):1131-1139. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; oligodeoxy nucleotide, missense; Ringer's solution, lactated; Kidney; Rat; 2001; 2004; 5 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or missense oligos; tissue perfusion (kidney); pumps replaced after 1 week of vehicle; no stress (see pg. 1135); antisense (GRK4); cardiovascular; animal info (male, Wistar-Kyoto, SHR, 4 wk. old).

P7817 Igwe,O.J. Agents that act by different mechanisms modulate the activity of protein kinase C beta II isozyme in the rat spinal cord during peripheral inflammation. Neuroscience 2006; 138(-1-):313-328. >>> L-703606 oxalate; dextrorphan tartrate; oligodeoxynucleotide, phosporothioate antisense; phosporothioate missense; Propylene glycol; water, sterile; saline; oligofectamine; SC; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig 1); stability verified; antisense (protein kinase C, beta); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-300 grams); "mini osmotic pumps were used to administer all agents in order to reduce animal handling after CFA-induced inflammation." (p. 315).

P7746 Soucy,N.V., Riley,J.P., Templin,M.V., Geary,R., de Peyster,A., Levin,A.A. Maternal and fetal distribution of a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide in rats after intravenous infusion. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY 2006; 77(-1-):22-28. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; PBS; IV (jugular); Rat (pregnant); 2ML1; 7 days; Comparison of 3 hr. IV infusion vs. mp; no stress (see pg. 23); half-life (p. 25) 60 min.; antisense HPV; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, 318g, GD12-GD19); mp primed 6 hr. in sterile saline.

P7948 Porritt,M.J., Batchelor,P.E., Howells,D.W. Inhibiting BDNF expression by antisense oligonucleotide infusion causes loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons. Experimental Neurology 2005; 192(-1-):226-234. >>> Oligonucleotide, sense; oligonucleotide, reverse; oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, antisense g-33p; PBS; CSF/CNS (substantia nigra pars compacta); Rat; 2004; 3,10,28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 228); antisense (BDNF); brain tissue distribution; cyanoacrylate adhesive; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 210-280 grams, 6-7 weeks old); unprotected oligos, rather than phosphothioate modified oligos, were used to minimize non-specific inflammatory response neurotoxicity; "infusing antisense, sense, or reverse oligonucleotides...did not affect the daily life of the animals. All were able to feed, drink, and move freely around their enclosure." (p. 228).

P7736 Shiote,M., Nagano,I., Ilieva,H., Murakami,T., Narai,H., Ohta,Y., Nagata,T., Shoji,M., Abe,K. Reduction of a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, fetal liver kinase-1, by antisense oligonucleotides induces motor neuron death in rat spinal cord exposed to hypoxia. Neuroscience 2005; 132(-1-):175-182. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or sense or missense ODN; antisense (FLK-1); animal info (adult, male, Sprague-Dawley, 8wk. old, 260-280g.).

P7723 Hofacker,A., Coste,O., Van Nguyen,H., Marian,C., Scholich,K., Geisslinger,G. Downregulation of cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase results in decreased nociceptive behavior in rats. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25(-39-):9005-9009. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ sense ODN; antisense (cPGES); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley); mp primed 15-18 hours in 37 Celsius saline; cPGES is cystolic Prostaglandin E2 synthases.

P7672 Gorin,Y., Block,K., Hernandez,J., Bhandari,B., Wagner,B., Barnes,J.L., Abboud,H.E. Nox4 NAD(P) H oxidase mediates hypertrophy and fibronectin expression in the diabetic kidney. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2005; 280(-47-):39616-39626. >>> Oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate sense; SC; Rat; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ sense oligo or not treatment; functionality of mp verified by Nox4 levels in kidney cortex; replacement therapy (STZ-induced diabetes); anti-sense (Nox4); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-225 g).

P7524 Trevaskis,J., Walder,K., Foletta,V., Kerr-Bayles,L., McMillan,J., Cooper,A., Lee,S., Bolton,K., Prior,M., Fahey,R., Whitecross,K., Morton,G.J., Schwartz,M.W., Collier,G.R. Src homology 3-domain growth factor receptor-bound 2-like (endophilin) interacting protein 1, a novel neuronal protein that regulates energy balance. Endocrinology 2005; 146(-9-):3757-3764. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense phosphorothioate, 2' 0me-; oligonucleotide, missense phosphorothioate, 2' 0me-; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or missense oligo; antisense (SGIP1); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 350-410 g, 16 wk old, obese).

P7502 Senn,C., Hangartner,C., Moes,S., Guerini,D., Hofbauer,K.G. Central administration of small interfering RNAs in rats: A comparison with antisense oligonucleotides. European Journal of Pharmacology 2005; 522(-1-3-):30-37. >>> Oligonucleotide, phosphothioate antisense; oligonucleotide, mismatch; PBS; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or mismatch oligo; comparison of icv injections vs. mp; antisense (melanocortin MC4 receptor); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200 g).

P7453 Domercq,M., Etxebarria,E., Perez-Samartin,A., Matute,C. Excitotoxic oligodendrocyte death and axonal damage induced by glutamate transporter inhibition. Glia 2005; 52(-1-):36-46. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide sense; kainate, dihydro-; aspartic acid, DL-threo-B-benzyloxy-; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (optic nerve); Rabbit; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or contralateral nerves; antisense (glutamate transporters GLAST + GLT-1); animal info (adult, male, white New Zealand).

P7419 Schmidtko,A., Del Turco,D., Coste,O., Ehnert,C., Niederberger,E., Ruth,P., Deller,T., Geisslinger,G., Tegeder,I. Essential role of the synaptic vesicle protein synapsin II in formalin- induced hyperalgesia and glutamate release in the spinal cord. Pain 2005; 115(-1-2-):171-181. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, sense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense (synapsin II); animal info (male, sprague dawley); PE catheter with an O.D of 0.61 mm, 5-7 cm; pump implanted SC in tail region.

P7392 Yamada,M., Katsuma,S., Adachi,T., Hirasawa,A., Shiojima,S., Kadowaki,T., Okuno,Y., Koshimizu,T.A., Fujii,S., Sekiya,Y., Miyamoto,Y., Tamura,M., Yumura,W., Nihei,H., Kobayashi,M., Tsujimoto,G. Inhibition of protein kinase CK2 prevents the progression of glomerulonephritis. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2005; 102(-21-):7736-7741. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Kidney (renal cortex); Rat; 1002; 14 days; Urinalysis; antisense (CK2alpha); animal info (male, Wistar-Kyoto, 300-350 g and female, Wistar-Kyoto, 120-140 g); pump implanted in the IP cavity.

P7385 Ch'ang,H.J., Maj,J.G., Paris,F., Xing,H.R., Zhang,J.J., Truman,J.P., Cardon-Cardo,C., Haimovitz-Friedman,A., Kolesnick,R., Fuks,Z. ATM regulates target switching to escalating doses of radiation in the intestines. Nature Medicine 2005; 11(-5-):484-490. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Saline; Mice (knockout); 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense (ATM); animal info (C57BL/6, knockout, male, 8-12 weeks old).

P7366 Kitaichi,K., Fukuda,M., Nakayama,H., Aoyama,N., Ito,Y., Fujimoto,Y., Takagi,K., Takagi,K., Hasegawa,T. Behavioral changes following antisense oligonucleotide-induced reduction of organic cation transporter-3 in mice. Neuroscience Letters 2005; 382(-1-2-):195-200. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, antisense, scrambled; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); Mice; 1002; 7 days; Antisense (OCT3); "The dose and infusion period of AS&SERAS used in this study did not produce any abnormal behavior or weight loss." p. 196.

P7267 Fluiter,K., Frieden,M., Vreijling,J., Rosenbohm,C., de Wissel,M.B., Christensen,S.M., Koch,T., Orum,H., Baas,F. On the in vitro and in vivo properties of four locked nucleic acid nucleotides incorporated into an anti-H-Ras antisense oligonucleotide. CHEMBIOCHEM 2005; 6(-6-):1104-1109. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, amino-LNA antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, thio-LNA antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, LNA antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; SC; Mice (nude); 1002; 11 days; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (fig. 4); no stress (see pg. 1106); stability verified by incubation in human serum; antisense (H-Ras); cancer (prostate).

P7244 Obata,K., Katsura,H., Mizushima,T., Yamanaka,H., Kobayashi,K., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Tokunaga,A., Tominaga,M., Noguchi,K. TRPA1 induced in sensory neurons contributes to cold hyperalgesia after inflammation and nerve injury. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2005; 115(-9-):2393-2401. >>> SB203580; antibody, anti-nerve growth factor; oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, FITC antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; DMSO; saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or sham surgery or mismatch ODN or contralateral no treatment; antisense (TRPA1); brain tissue distribution; 50% DMSO.

P7211 Butler,M., Hayes,C.S., Chappell,A., Murray,S.F., Yaksh,T.L., Hua,X.Y. Spinal distribution and metabolism of 2PRIME-O- (2-methoxyethyl)-modified oligonucleotides after intrathecal administration in rats. Neuroscience 2005; 131(-3-):705-715. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphoro and hioate antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; 2001; 3, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ missense oligos; comarison of IT bolus injections vs. mp; half-life (p. 712) "of the order of weeks"; antisense (protein kiase C alpha isozyme); "slow infusion is more efficacious than bolus dosing" (p. 712).

P6950 Chen,W.H., Langer,R.M., Janczewska,S., Furian,L., Geary,R., Qu,X.M., Wang,M., Verani,R., Condon,T., Stecker,K., Bennett,C.F., Stepkowski,S.M. Methoxyethyl-modified intercellular adhesion molecule-1 antisense phosphorothiateoligonucleotides inhibit allograft rejection, ischemic-reperfusion injury, and cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity. Transplantation 2005; 79(-4-):401-408. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Saline; IV; Rat; 7 days; Comparison of gavage and IV injections vs. mp; antisense (phosphorothioate/phosphodiester); transplantation; 14 d pump used; immunology.

R0208 Shoji,Y., Nakashima,H. Current status of delivery systems to improve target efficacy of oligonucleotides. CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN 2004; 10(-7-):785-796. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; SC; intratumoral; ; Cancer (adenocarcinoma); surgical sutures used to immobilize the pumps.

P7121 Beaudry,G., Zekki,H., Rouillard,C., Levesque,D. Clozapine and dopamine D3 receptor antisense reduce cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript expression in the rat nucleus accumbens shell. Synapse 2004; 51(-4-):233-240. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 5 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle, or missense ODN; antisense (dopamine receptors D2, D3); ALZET brain infusion kit 2 used; post op. care (ampicillin).

P7107 Wagner,W., Fogel,W.A. Mammary histidine decarboxylase vulnerability to enzyme antisense oligonucleotides: Histamine and polyamine systems cross-talk. Amino Acids 2004; 26(--):311-316. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; Saline, sterile; SC; Mice; 1007D; 1 week; Controls received no treatment; antisense (histidine decarboxylase).

P7081 Matsuno,A., Katayama,H., Murakami,M., Nagashima,T. In vivo growth suppression of rat C6 glioma transplanted in rat brain using antisense oligonucleotide for microtubule-associated protein 1A messenger ribonucleic acid. British Journal of Neurosurgery 2004; 18(-4-):343-346. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothisate antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothisate sense; oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothisate scramble; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Rat; 1007D; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ sense or scrambled oligos; antisense (microtubule-associated protein 1A); cancer (glioma).

P7073 Thallinger,C., Wolschek,M.F., Maierhofer,H., Skvara,H., Pehamberger,H., Monia,B.P., Jansen,B., Wacheck,V., Selzer,E. Mcl-1 is a novel therapeutic target for human sarcoma: synergistic inhibition of human sarcoma xenotransplants by a combination of Mcl-1 antisense Oligonucleotides with low-dose cyclophosphamide. Clinical Cancer Research 2004; 10(-12-):4185-4191. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothisate antisense; oligonucleotide, universal control; Saline; SC; Mice (SCID); 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or UC oligo; antisense (Mcl-1); cancer (liposarcoma).

P6647 Caille,I., Allinquant,B., Dupont,E., Bouillot,C., Langer,A., Mueller,U., Prochiantz,A. Soluble form of amyloid precursor protein regulates proliferation of progenitors in the adult subventricular zone. Development 2004; 131(-9-):2173-2181. >>> Amyloid precursor protein-Fc, soluble; batimastat; immunoglobulin G, human; amyloid precursor like protein 2-Fc, soluble; oligonucleotide, antisense penetratin; AraC; Sodium chloride; saline; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1003D; 1007D; 3,6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense (APP, APLP2); brain tissue distribution; batimastat inhibits clearage of several membrane proteins; neurodegenerative disease (Alzheimer's).

P6646 Aharinejad,S., Paulus,P., Sioud,M., Hofmann,M., Zins,K., Schaefer,R., Stanley,E.R., Abraham,D., Aharinejad,S. Colony-stimulating factor-1 blockade by antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs suppresses growth of human mammary tumor xenografts in mice. Cancer Research 2004; 64(--):5378-5384. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, scrambled; Ringer's solution; SC; Mice (nude); 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense (CSF)-1; cancer (carcinoma, breast); transplantation.

P6625 Hernandez,A., Constandil,L., Laurido,C., Pelissier,T., Marchand,F., Ardid,D., Alloui,A., Eschalier,A., Soto-Moyano,R. Venlafaxine-induced depression of wind-up activity in mononeuropathic rats is potentiated by inhibition of brain 5-HT1A receptor expression in vivo. International Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 114(-2-):229-242. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, scrambled; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2004; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense (5-HT1A) receptor; incorrectly states the 2004 pumping rate as 2.5 ul/hr; cannula secured by dental cement.

P6538 Grimpe,B., Silver,J. A novel DNA enzyme reduces glycosaminoglycan chains in the glial scar and allows microtransplanted dorsal root ganglia axons to regenerate beyond lesions in the spinal cord. Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 24(-6-):1393-1397. >>> Oligodeoxyribonucleotide, phosphorothioated; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ control DNA enzyme; antisense (xylosyltransferase-1); spinal cord injury; PE-60 tubing connected to PE-10 tubing for IT delivery; DNA enzyme against xylosyltransferase-1 (XT-1).

P6270 Blakley,G.G., Pohorecky,L.A., Benjamin,D. Behavioral and endocrine changes following antisense oligonucleotide-induced reduction in the rat NOP receptor. Psychopharmacology 2004; 171(-4-):421-428. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, missense; Water, nuclease free; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2004; 26 days; Controls received mp w/ MSO; antisense (NOP receptor); multiple pumps per animal (2); bilateral infusion using plastics one cannula.

P6265 Tepel,J., Kruse,M.L., March,C., Fiedler,A., Kapischke,M., Ketterer,T., Sipos,B., Kremer,B., Kalthoff,H. Terminally modified oligodeoxynucleotides directed against p53 in an orthotopic xenograft model: A novel adjuvant treatment strategy for pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Pancreas 2004; 28(-1-):1-12. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; SC; Mice (SCID); 14 days; Tissue perfusion (intratumoral); comparison of IP injections vs. sc mp; cancer (pancreatic ductal carcinoma); transplantation; 200 ul pump used.

P6264 Vemuganti,R., Dempsey,R.J., Bowen,K.K. Inhibition of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 protein expression by antisense oligonucleotides is neuroprotective after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat. Stroke 2004; 35(-1-):179-184. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 1 day; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

P5995 Dorn,G., Patel,S., Wotherspoon,G., Hemmings-Mieszczak,M., Barclay,J., Natt,F.J.C., Martin,P., Bevan,S., Fox,A., Ganju,P., Wishart,W., Hall,J. siRNA relieves chronic neuropathic pain. NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 2004; 32(-5-):1-6. >>> RNA, small interfering; oligonucleotide, antisense; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 6-7 days; Controls received mp w/ missense siRNA; no stress (see pg. 4); antisense (P2X3); gene therapy; siRNA (P2X3); pain research.

P6619 Suzukawa,J., Omori,K., Yang,L., Inagaki,C. Continuous administration of antisense oligonucleotides to c-fos reduced the development of seizure susceptibility after ethacrynic acid-induced seizure in mice. Neuroscience Letters 2003; 349(-1-):21-24. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; oligodexynucleotide, phosphorothioate sense; HEPES buffer; sodium chloride; CSF/CNS; Mice; 2002; 9 days; Controls received mp w/ sense ODN; antisense (C-fos); ALZET brain infusion kit used; after experiment, the settled position of the cannula was confirmed.

P6542 Isogawa,K., Akiyoshi,J., Tsutsumi,T., Kodama,K., Horinouti,Y., Nagayama,H. Anxiogenic-like effect of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 antisense oligonucleotides infused into rat brain. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 17(-4-):409-413. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, scrambled; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1003D; 1007D; ; Antisense (CRF-R2); ALZET brain infusion kit 1 used; post op. care (IP injection of ceftriaxone sodium to minimize infection); behavioral testing.

P6194 Mizuno,M., Yamada,K., Takei,N., Tran,M.H., He,J., Nakajima,A., Nawa,H., Nabeshima,T. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase: a molecule mediating BDNF-dependent spatial memory formation. Molecular Psychiatry 2003; 8(-2-):217-224. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, sense; wortmannin; Saline, pyrogen-free; DMSO; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2004; 1 week; 25 days; Enzyme inhibitor (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase); sense and antisense (BDNF).

P6132 Burkhart,C.A., Cheng,A.J., Madafiglio,J., Kavallaris,M., Mili,M., Marshall,G.M., Weiss,W.A., Khachigian,L.M., Norris,M.D., Haber,M. Effects of MYCN antisense oligonucleotide administration on tumorigenesis in a murine model of neuroblastoma. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2003; 95(-18-):1394-1403. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; SC; Mice (transgenic); 2002; 6 weeks; Antisense (MYCN); cancer (neuroblastoma).

P5998 Hsu,F.C., Smith,S.S. Progesterone withdrawal reduces paired-pulse inhibition in rat hippocampus: Dependence on GABA(A) receptor alpha 4 subunit upregulation. Journal of Neurophysiology 2003; 89(-1-):186-198. >>> Oligonucleotide, phosphorotioate antisense; BSA; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1003D; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ missense oligos; antisense (GABA receptor a4 subunit); dependence.

P5726 Eder,I.E, Hoffmann,J, Rogatsch,H, Schafer,G, Zopf,D, Bartsch,G, Klocker,H  Cancer Gene Therapy 2003; 9(-2-):117-125. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Water, distilled; SC; Mice (nude); 7 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study, pumps replaced every two weeks; no stress (see pg. 122); cancer (prostate); antisense; pumps implanted SC in the vicinity of tumors; ODN w/ specificity to the androgen receptor; "...mice did not show any reaction on the subcutaneously installed ALZET diffusion pumps. These were chosen to guarantee a continuous systemic administration of oligonucleotides, a commonly used method for antisense treatment in vivo." (p 122).

P5609 Van Kampen,J.M., Stoessl,A.J. Effects of oligonucleotide antisense to dopamine D-3 receptor mRNA in a rodent model of behavioural sensitization to levodopa. Neuroscience 2003; 116(-1-):307-314. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, missense; Saline; CSF/CNS (striatum); Rat; 2001; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); nonspecific toxicity of antisense administration was minimized by "the use of partial rather than complete phosphorothioate modification, reducing the length of the oligonucleotide, and using a steady continuous infusion rather than bolus injections...(p. 309)..

P5603 Fluiter,K., ten Asbroek,A.L.M.A., de Wissel,M.B., Jakobs,M.E., Wissenbach,M., Olsson,H., Olsen,O., Oerum,H., Baas,F. In vivo tumor growth inhibition and biodistribution studies of locked nucleic acid (LNA) antisense oligonucleotides. NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 2003; 31(-3-):953-962. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Saline; SC; Mice (nude); 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp/ w vehicle; dose response (graph p. 959); half-life (p. 956); cancer; peptides; antisense; LNA PO ODN's used.

P5601 Van Oekelen,D., Megens,A., Meert,T., Luyten,W.H.M.L., Leysen,J.E. Functional study of rat 5-HT2A receptors using antisense oligonucleotides. Journal of Neurochemistry 2003; 85(-5-):1087-1100. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Oligonucleotide, sense; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 1-6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit used; brain tissue distribution; antisense; cannula placement and ODN distribution were examined by 60 hour infusion of evans blue or thio ATP-labeled ODN; oligonucleotides had specificity to serotonin receptor mRNA.

P5600 Sun,Y.J., Jin,K.L., Peel,A., Mao,X.O., Xie,L., Greenberg,D.A. Neuroglobin protects the brain from experimental stroke in vivo. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2003; 100(-6-):3497-3500. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1003D; 72 Hours; Antisense (neuroglobin); ischemia (cerebral).

P6310 Barclay,J., Patel,S., Dorn,G., Wotherspoon,G., Moffatt,S., Eunson,L., Abdel'al,S., Natt,F., Hall,J., Winter,J., Bevan,S., Wishart,W., Fox,A., Ganju,P. Functional Downregulation of P2X3 Receptor Subunit in Rat Sensory Neurons Reveals a Significant Role in Chronic Neuropathic and Inflammatory Pain. The Journal of Neuroscience 2002; 22(-18-):8139-8147. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, missense; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by fluorescently labeled antisense oligonucleotide; no stress (see pg. 8140, 8144); antisense (P2X3 receptor); post op. care (antibiotic powder); P2X is an ATP-gated cation channel.

P6202 Wacheck,V., Krepler,C., Strommer,S., Heere-Ress,E., Klem,R., Pehamberger,H., Eichler,H.G., Jansen,B. Antitumor effect of G3139 Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide is independent of its immune stimulation by CpG motifs in SCID mice. Antisense&Nucleic Acid Drug Development 2002; 12(-6-):359-367. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Saline; SC; Mice (SCID); 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of ip injections vs. mp; antisense (Bcl-2); cancer (melanoma).

P6165 Morrissey,D.V., Lee,P.A., Johnson,D.A., Overly,S.L., McSwiggen,J.A., Beigelman,L., Mokler,V.R., Maloney,L., Vargeese,C., Bowman,K., O'Brien,J.T., Shaffer,C.S., Conrad,A., Schmid,P., Morrey,J.D., Macejak,D.G., Pavco,P.A., Blatt,L.M. Characterization of nuclease-resistant ribozymes directed against hepa titis B virus RNA. JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS 2002; 9(-6-):411-418. >>> Ribozyme; oligonucleotide, antisense; Saline; SC; Mice (transgenic); 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense.

P5963 Murata,M., Suzuki,M., Tanaka,K., Tajiri,K., Emori,K., Kurachi,M. N-methyl-D-aspartate-R1 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide modula tes pre- and postsynaptic expression of D-2 dopamine receptors in the rat. Neuroscience Letters 2002; 335(-1-):9-12. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense (nmda receptors).

P5843 Rao,V.L.R., Bowen,K.K., Dhodda,V.K., Song,G.Q., Franklin,J.L., Gavva,N.R., Dempsey,R.J. Gene expression analysis of spontaneously hypertensive rat cerebral cortex following transient focal cerebral ischemia. Journal of Neurochemistry 2002; 83(-5-):1072-1086. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense (suppressor of cytokine signaling-3); cardiovascular; ALZET brain infusion kit used; brain tissue distribution; cerebral ischemia; "A good distribution of the FITC conjugated antisense was seen around the lateral ventricles, septum, striatum, hippocampus and cortex bilaterally." (p. 1075); ischemia (cerebral).

P5825 Obici,S., Zhang,B.B., Karkanias,G., Rossetti,L. Hypothalamic insulin signaling is required for inhibition of glucose production. Nature Medicine 2002; 8(-12-):1376-1382. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); rat; 2001; 3-7 days; controls received mp with missense oligonucleotide or vehicle; antisense; lumbar approach chosen to minimize trauma from catheter insertion, which the authors felt allowed for pump implantation during the same surgery.

P5550 Cenci,M.A. Transcription factors involved in the pathogenesis of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Amino Acids 2002; 23(-1-3-):105-109. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; CSF/CNS (striatum); Rat; 14 days; Neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); Antisense oligo is to cyclic AMP response - element binding protein (CREB).

P5505 Aharinejad,S., Abraham,D., Paulus,P., Abri,H., Hofmann,M., Grossschmidt,K., Schafer,R., Stanley,E.R., Hofbauer,R. Colony-stimulating factor-1 antisense treatment suppresses growth of human tumor xenografts in mice. Cancer Research 2002; 62(-18-):5317-5324. >>> Oligonucleotide, sense; oligonucleotide, antisense; SC; Mice (scid); mice (nude); 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ Ringer's; cancer; antisense.

P5487 Honore,P., Kage,K., Mikusa,J., Watt,A.T., Johnston,J.F., Wyatt,J.R., Faltynek,C.R., Jarvis,M.F., Lynch,K. Analgesic profile of intrathecal P2X3 antisense oligonucleotide treatment in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain states in rats. Pain 2002; 99(-1-2-):11-19. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Water, sterile; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Comparison of single bolus injections vs mp.

P5472 Sharif,R.N., Osborne,M., Coderre,T.J., Fundytus,M.E. Attenuation of morphine tolerance after antisense oligonucleotide knock-down of spinal mGluR1. British Journal of Pharmacology 2002; 136(-6-):865-872. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, missense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tolerance; antisense; oligonuceltides had specificity to metabotropic glutamate receptor.

P5389 Kagiyama,S., Eguchi,S., Frank,G.D., Inagami,T., Zhang,Y.C., Phillips,M.I. Angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension are attenuated by epidermal growth factor receptor antisense. Circulation 2002; 106(-8-):909-912. >>> Angiotensin II; Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; SC; IV; Rat; 2002; 2ML4; 14 days; Antisense; multiple pumps per animal (2); 2002 pump implanted SC for Ang II delivery and 2ML2 used for IV administration of antisense.

P5387 Kanthasamy,A., Sprague,J.E., Shotwell,J.R., Nichols,D.E. Unilateral infusion of a dopamine transporter antisense into the substantia nigra protects against MDMA-induced serotonergic deficits in the ipsilateral striatum. Neuroscience 2002; 114(-4-):917-924. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (substantia nigra); Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Antisense; topical antibiotic used on incision to prevent infection; cannula placement verified post-experimentally by melthylene blue dye injection; antisense with specificity to dopamine transporter were used.

P5377 Liang,Y.Q., Akishita,M., Kim,S., Ako,J., Hashimoto,M., Iijima,K., Ohike,Y., Watanabe,T., Sudoh,N., Toba,K., Yoshizumi,M., Ouchi,Y. Estrogen receptor beta is involved in the anorectic action of estrogen. International Journal of Obesity 2002; 26(-8-):1103-1109. >>> Estradiol, 17B-; Oligonucleotide, antisense; Cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxypropyl-beta (molecusol)-; fluorescein isothiocyanate; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 3 weeks; Replacement therapy (ovariectomy); pumps replaced after one week; ALZET brain infusion kit used; initial pump delivered saline only for one week to allow for surgical recovery prior to 2 weeks of hormone administration.

P5357 Walker,T.L., Dass,C.R., Burton,M.A. Enhanced In Vivo tumour response from combination of carboplatin and low-dose c-myc antisense oligonucleotides. Anticancer Research 2002; 22(-4-):2237-2245. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Saline; SC; Mice (nude); 1002; 86 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cancer; phosphorothioate sense and antisense used.

P5143 Torner,L., Toschi,N., Nava,G., Clapp,C., Neumann,I.D. Increased hypothalamic expression of prolactin in lactation: involvement in behavioural and neuroendocrine stress responses. European Journal of Neuroscience 2002; 15(--):1381-1389. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Prolactin, ovine; Ringer's solution; CSF/CNS; Rat (lactating); 1007D; 5 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense; oligonucleotides against the long form of the brain Prolactin receptor.

P5117 Boye,S.M., Pradhan,A.A.A., Grant,R.J., Clarke,P.B.S. Evidence for sequence-dependent and reversible nonspecific effects of PS-capped antisense treatment after intracerebral administration. Antisense&Nucleic Acid Drug Development 2002; 12(--):95-102. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Saline; CSF/CNS (ventral tegmental area); rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense; phosphorothioate phosphodiester, or mismatch oligonucleotides used.

P5080 Hou,J.W., Li,B., Yang,Z.H., Fager,N., Ma,M.Y.J. Functional integrity of ErbB-4/-2 tyrosine kinase receptor complex in the hypothalamus is required for maintaining normal reproduction in young adult female rats. Endocrinology 2002; 143(-5-):1901-1912. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, scrambled; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (preoptic area); CSF/CNS (hypothalamus); rat; 2002; 14 days; controls received scrambled oligodeoxynucleotide; functionality of mp verified by residual aspiration; antisense or scrambled ODN coded for estrogen receptor B2 gene activity; cannula patency verified at termination.

P5076 Orikasa,C, Kondo,Y, Hayashi,S, McEwen,B.S., Sakuma,Y. Sexually dimorphic expression of estrogen receptor B in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of the rat preoptic area: Implication in luteinizing hormone surge. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES O F AMERICA 2002; 99(-5-):3306-3311. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Oligonucleotide, scrambled; Saline; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); rat; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense; oligonucleotides coded for estrogen receptor B expression..

P5049 Elepfandt,P., Rupprecht,S., Schoning-Burkhardt,B., Volk,H.D., Woiciechowsky,C. Oligodeoxynucleotides induce brain inflammation in rats when infused intracerebroventricularly. Neurosci.Lett. 2002/4/5; 322(--):107-110. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Saline; Albumin, human serum; CSF/CNS; rat; 1003D; 48 hours; controls received mp w/ vehicle; immunology; brain inflammation due to ICV nucleotide.

P5031 Wang,A.H., Nomura,M., Patan,S., Ware,J.A. Inhibition of protein kinase C alpha prevents endothelial cell migration and vascular tube formation in vitro and myocardial neovascularization in vivo. Circulation Research 2002; 90(--):609-616. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; FITC label; SC; mice; 10 days; Cardiovascular; antisense oligonucleotide infused was a protein kinase C-alpha phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotide.

P5208 Ramoa,A.S., Mower,A.F., Liao,D., Jafri,S.I. Suppression of cortical NMDA receptor function prevents development of orientation selectivity in the primary visual cortex. J Neurosci. 2001/6/15; 21(-12-):4299-4309. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; PBS; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Ferret; 2002; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ missense ODNs; pumps replaced every 2 weeks; antisense ODN suppessed NMDA receptor; infusion rate set at 0.5 ul/hr, which was achieved by multiple pumps per animal (2) 2004 pumps implanted simultaneously or 2002 pumps replaced after 2 weeks.

P5019 Moore,A.F., Heiderstadt,N.T., Huang,E., Howell,N.L., Wang,Z.Q., Siragy,H.M., Carey,R.M. Selective inhibition of the renal angiotensin type 2 receptor increases blood pressure in conscious rats. Hypertension 2001; 37(--):1285-1291. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, sense;; Ringer's solution, lactated; Kidney (renal cortex); rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received sense ODN or vehicle w/ mp; tissue perfusion (left renal interstitial space); cardiovascular.

P4954 Torner,L., Toschi,N., Pohlinger,A., Landgraf,R., Neumann,I.D. Anxiolytic and anti-stress effects of brain prolactin: Improved efficacy of antisense targeting of the prolactin receptor by molecular modeling. Journal of Neuroscience 2001; 21(-9-):3207-3214. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Olignucleotide, sense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 5 days; controls received sense ODN, aCSF vehicle; functionality of mp verified incorrectly by weighing pumps after sacrifice; antisense; ODN used was ornithine decarboxylase antisense ODN; ischemia (cerebral).

P4894 Ibrahim,M.M., Mata,H.P., Chawla,M., Lai,J., Porreca,F., Malan,TP Jr  JOURNAL OF PAIN 2001; 2(-4-):241-249. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Oligonucleotide, mismatch; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 6 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by immunocytochemistry of ODN-delivered cells; antisense ODN delivered was for mRNA of c-fos, a cellular transcription factor implicated in neuronal activity surrounding nociception..

P4886 Garver,E., Tu,G.C., Cao,Q.N., Aini,M., Zhou,F., Israel,Y. Eliciting the low-activity aldehyde dehydrogenase Asian phenotype by an antisense mechanism results in an aversion to ethanol. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2001; 194(-5-):571-580. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; PBS; IP; rat; 2ML1; 4 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma acetaldehyde levels; dose reponse (table IV p. 577); antisense; ASO-9 is an antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide that mimics the low-activity ALDH2-2 Asian phenotype..

P4785 Kishioka,H., Fukuda,N., Hu,W.Y., Nakayama,M., Watanabe,Y., Kanmatsuse,K. Effects of PDGF A-chain antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on growth of cardiovascular organs in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.. American Journal of Hypertension 2001; 14(--):439-445. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, sense;; Water;; SC;; rat;; 2ML4;; 28 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; antisense; PDGF A-chain antisense and sense nucleotides used;.

P6184 Neumann,I.D. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide effects on the hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. METHODS 2000/11; 22(-3-):227-237. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Ringer's solution; CSF/CNS; Rat (lactating); 1007D; 4 days; Tissue perfusion (various brain regions); comparison of ICV injections vs. mp; pulsed delivery (various ODN's, air bubble spacer); antisense; ODN's infused were antisense, mixed base, or 21-mer end capped phosphorothioated; the mp was filled with ringer's solution and PE tubing was filled w/ 50 ul of each agent solution. An air bubble was inserted between solutions; 25-g guide cannula and 27-g infusion cannula used together to allow concomitant icv injections.

P6174 Han,D.C, Hoffman,B.B., Hong,S.W  Am J Physiology Renal Physiol 2000; 278(--):F628-F634. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; SC; Mice; 2002; 2 weeks.

P5244 Lanneau,C., Bluet-Pajot,M.T., Zizzari,P., Csaba,Z., Dournaud,P., Helboe,L., Hoyer,D., Pellegrini,E., Tannenbaum,G.S., Epelbaum,J., Gardette,R. Involvement of the Sst1 somatostatin receptor subtype in the intrahypothalamic neuronal network regulating growth hormone secretion: an in vitro and in vivo antisense study. Endocrinology 2000/3; 141(-3-):967-979. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit used; antisense infusion was delayed for 4 days by vehicle infusion to allow recovery period from surgery; air bubble used as spacer to separate vehicle from antisense solution.

P4737 Ikegami,S, Inokuchi,K  Neuroscience 2000; 98(-4-):637-646. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense;; Saline;; CSF/CNS;; rat;; 2004;; 28 days;; Controls received mp w/ saline; ALZET brain infusion kit used; antisense; bilateral infusion via 2 cannulae and 2 pumps; oligonucleotides against the catalytic subunits of calcineurin were used;.

P4683 Lin,S.-B, Wu,L.-C, Huang,S.-L, Hsu,H.-L, Hsieh,S.-H, Chi,C.-W, Au,L.-C  Journal of Hepatology 2000; 33(--):601-608. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense;; Saline;; IP;; rat;; 2002;; 14 days;; Cancer; antisense; liver tumor cell proliferation, PKC antisense oligonucleotide used..

P4347 Lara,H.E., Dissen,G.A., Leyton,V., Paredes,A., Fuenzalida,H., Fiedler,J.L., Ojeda,S.R. An increased intraovarian synthesis of nerve growth factor and its low affinity receptor is a principal component of steroid-induced polycystic ovary in the rat. Endocrinology 2000; 141(-3-):1059-1072. >>> Antibody, nerve growth factor, polyclonal; Oligonucleotide, antisense phosphothionate;; Intraovarian;; rat;; 2ML4;; 56 days;; controls received mp with preimmune serum; tissue perfusion (bursa of ovary); long-term study, pumps replaced after 28 days; peptides; antisense; agents infused from same pump;.

R0138 Seidman,S., Eckstein,F., Grifman,M., Soreq,H. Antisense technologies have a future fighting neurodegenerative diseases. Antisense&Nucleic Acid Drug Development 1999; 9(--):333-340. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense;; CSF/CNS; Rat; mice; ; Antisense; osmotic pumps mentioned on p. 337; neurodegenerative.

P4641 Alino,S.F, Crespo,J, Tarrason,G, Blaya,C, Adan,J, Escrig,E, Benet,M, Crespo,A, Piulats,J  Tumor Targeting 1999; 4(--):20-28. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense;; HEPES, buffered saline; Liposomes;; IM;; mice (scid);; 2001;; 7 days;; tissue perfusion (hind leg muscle); cancer; antisense;.

P4640 Alvarez-Salas,L.M, Arpawong,T.E, Dipaolo,J.A  Antisense&Nucleic Acid Drug Development 1999; 9(--):441-450. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense;; Water, deionized;; SC;; mice(nude);; 1002;; 2 weeks;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cancer; antisense; mp was implanted SC near the tumor..

P4381 Chesney,J., Mitchell,R., Benigni,F., Bacher,M., Spiegel,L., Al-Abed,Y., Han,J.H., Metz,C., Bucala,R. An inducible gene product for 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase with an AU-rich instability element: Role in tumor cell glycolysis and the Warburg effect. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 1999/3; 96(--):3047-3052. >>> Oligonucleotides, phosphorothioate antisense;; PBS, pyrogen-free;; SC;; mice (nude);; ; controls received mp with vehicle or sense oligo; cancer; antisense;.

P4357 Bolger,C., Sansom,A.J., Smith,P.F., Darlington,C.L. An antisense oligonucleotide to brain-derived neurotrophic factor delays postural compensation following unilateral labyrinthectomy in guinea pig. NeuroReport 1999/5/14; 10(-7-):1485-1488. >>> Oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense;; PBS;; CSF/CNS (vestibular nucleus complex);; guinea-pig;; 1003D;; 41 hours;; controls received mp with vehicle or mismatched antisense oligo, or cannula with mp disconnected; antisense; obturator sealed cannula to maintain patency when it was not in use; animals received dye&PBS for 13 hours past labyrinthectomy; "...concentrations of phosphorothioated oligonucleotides > 1.5 mM have been shown to cause non-specific effects following brain infusion..." (p. 1486);.

P4354 Liebsch,G., Landgraf,R., Engelmann,M., Lorscher,P., Holsboer,F. Differential behavioural effects of chronic infusion of CRH 1 and CRH 2 receptor antisense oligonucleotides into the rat brain. Journal of Psychiatric Research 1999; 33(--):153-163. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Water, distilled; Ringer's solution, sterilized;; CSF/CNS;; rat;; 1007D; 6 days;; controls received mp with vehicle, scrambled sequence, or mixed base oligos; antisense; animals given depot antibiotic after surgery;.

P4352 Tandon,P., Yang,Y., Das,K., Holmes,G.L., Stafstrom,C.E. Neuroprotective effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in seizures during development. Neuroscience 1999; 91(-1-):293-303. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense;; PBS, sterile;; CSF/CNS;; rat;; 1007D;; ; controls received mp with missense or sense oligo or saline; antisense; 19-day old rats used;.

P5565 Young,M.R., Blackburn-Munro,G., Dickinson,T., Johnson,M.J., Anderson,H., Nakalembe,I., Fleetwood-Walker,S.M. Antisense ablation of type I metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1 inhibits spinal nociceptive transmission. The Journal of Neuroscience 1998; 18(-23-):10180-10188. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified and cannula position verified by immunohistochemistry; good methods p. 10181; antisense ODN's had specificity to the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1).

P4334 Ekman,A., Nissbrandt,H., Heilig,M., Dijkstra,D., Eriksson,E. Central administration of dopamine D3 receptor antisense to rat: effects on locomotion, dopamine release and [3H]spiperone binding. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch.Pharmacol. 1998; 358(--):342-350. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense;; Ringer's solution, sterile;; CSF/CNS;; rat;; 2001;; 7 days;; controls received no treatment or random order oligo; antisense; antibiotic given sc 3 times during infusion;.

P3990 Ghirnikar,R.S., Lee,Y.L., Li,J.D., Eng,L.F. Chemokine inhibition in rat stab wound brain injury using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Neuroscience Letters 1998; 247(--):21-24. >>> Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; CSF, artificial;; CSF/CNS (lesion); rat; 1003D; 3 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit used; antisense; peptides; MCP-1.

P3989 Chun,S.-J., Niijima,A., Shima,T., Okada,M., Nagai,K. Effect of infusion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-antisense oligodeoxynucleotide into the third cerebral ventricle above the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus on the hyperglycemia caused by intracranial injection of 2-deoxy-D-glucose in rats. Neuroscience Letters 1998; 257(--):135-138. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); rat; 1003D; 3 days; controls received mp w/sense oligonucleotide; antisense.

P3987 d'Aldin,C., Caicedo,A., Ruel,J., Renard,N., Pujol,R., Puel,J.-L. Antisense oligonucleotides to the GluR2 AMPA receptor subunit modify excitatory synaptic transmission in vivo. Mol.Brain Research 1998; 55(--):151-164. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Perilymph, artificial; Ear (cochlea); guinea-pig; 1003D; 3 days; antisense; pump connected to glass pipette by PE-50 tubing; good diagram of pump implantation (p.152); tissue perfusion (cochlea).

P3934 Dryden,S., Pickavance,L., Tidd,D., Williams,G. The lack of specificity of neuropeptide Y (NPY) antisense oligodeoxynucleotides administered intracerebroventricularly in inhibiting food intake and NPY gene expression in the rat hypothalamus. J.Endocrinol. 1998; 157(--):169-175. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Saline, isotonic; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 3, 7 days; controls received mp w/missense oligodeoxynucleotides or saline; stability verified by fluorescence assays; saline infused for 3 days, then pumps replaced with other pumps containing oligodeoxynucleotides to infuse for 7 days.

P4379 Raynaud,F.I., Orr,R.M., Goddard,P.M., Lacey,H.A., Lancashire,H., Judson,I.R., Beck,T., Bryan,B., Cotter,F.E. Pharmacokinetics of G3139, a phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to bcl-2, after intravenous administration or continuous subcutaneous infusion to mice. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1997; 281(-1-):420-427. >>> Oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense;; PBS, sterile; 35S-tracer; Radio-isotopes;; SC;; mice;; 1007D;; 1 week;; controls received mp with vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; comparison of i.v. bolus injections vs. mp; half-life of 22 hours (p. 420); cancer; antisense; "Continuous s.c. infusion resulted in significantly more parent drug reaching the tissues and bone marrow, probably reflecting the larger dose received. In addition, there was a reduction in metabolism and elimination, compared with a single i.v. bolus." (p. 427);.

P4318 Sanchez-Blazquez,P., Garcia-Espana,A., Garzon,J. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to opioid mu and delta receptors reduced morphine dependence in mice: role of delta-2 opioid receptors. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1997; 280(-3-):1423-1431. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense;; Saline;; CSF/CNS;; rat;; 2ML4;; 21 days;; dependence; antisense; pain;.

P4266 Lane-Ladd,S.B., Pineda,J., Boundy,V.A., Pfeuffer,T., Krupinski,J., Aghajanian,G.K., Nestler,E.J. CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) in the locus coeruleus: biochemical, physiological, and behavioral evidence for a role in opiate dependence. Journal of Neuroscience 1997/10/15; 17(-20-):7890-7901. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; PBS, sterile; CSF/CNS (locus coeruleus); rat; 1007D; 5 days; dependence; antisense; CREB antisense, sense, and missense oligonucleotides used; some rats received a 5 day vehicle infusion after the antisense infusion; loctite glue used to secure tuning to flow moderator and cannula..

P4189 Rubenstein,M., Mirochnik,Y., Ray,V., Guinan,P. Lack of toxicity associated with the systemic administration of antisense oligonucleotides for treatment of rats bearing LNCaP prostate tumors. Medical Oncology 1997; 14(--):131-136. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; SC; rat (nude); 2ML2; 14 days; cancer (prostate); toxicology; antisense.

P3988 Karle,J., Witt,M.-R., Nielsen,M. The use of in vivo antisense oligonucleotide technology for the investigation of brain GABA A receptors. Neurochem.Int. 1997; 31(-3-):437-446. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); CSF/CNS; CSF/CNS (striatum); rat; 5, 6 days; controls received mismatch antisense sequence infusion; antisense.

P3901 Stepkowski,S.M., Wang,M.E., Amante,A., Kalinin,D., Qu,X., Blasdel,T., Condon,T., Kahan,B.D., Bennett,F.C. Antisense ICAM-1 oligonucleotides block allograft rejection in rats. Transplant.Proc. 1997; 29(--):1285-. >>> Cyclosporin; Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Cremophor; IV; rat; 7, 14 days; immunology; antisense; controls received scrambled antisense.

P3844 Reul,J.M.H.M., Probst,J.C., Skutella,T., Hirschmann,M., Stec,I.S.M., Montkowski,A., Landgraf,R., Holsboer,F. Increased stress-induced adrenocorticotropin response after long-term intracerebroventricular treatment of rats with antisense mineralocorticoid receptor oligodeoxynucleotides. Neuroendocrinology 1997; 65(--):189-199. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; Saline, pyrogen-free; CSF/CNS; rat; 1007D; 1 week; controls received mp w/vehicle or scrambled sequence oligo; ALZET brain infusion kit used; no stress (see pg. 192).

P3809 Mata,J.E., Joshi,S.S., Palen,B., Pirruccello,S.J., Jackson,J.D., Elias,N., Page,T.J., Medlin,K.L., Iversen,P.L. A hexameric phosphorothioate oligonucleotide telomerase inhibitor arrests growth of burkitt's lymphoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 1997; 144(--):189-197. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate; PBS; Fluorescein, 5-carboxy; SC; mice (nude); 2002; 7,14 days; controls received mp w/scrambled sequence or saline; no stress (see pg. 194); stability verified by FITC labeled oligo; cancer.

P3682 Levy,A., Baker,B.I. Penetration of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides into rainbow trout brain in vivo. A technique for chronic infusion of substances into the brain of free-living adult fish. J.Fish Bio. 1997; 50(--):691-702. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate; Melanin-concentrating hormone; Lipofectin; Dye, xylene cyanole; Saline; BSA; Radio-isotopes; CSF/CNS; fish (rainbow trout); 2001; no duration posted; controls received mp w/ saline&BSA; good methods; "No problems with pump patency were encountered, and the contents of the pump diffused consistently throughout the brain ventricular system...", p. 691; pump encased in dialysis tubing bag.

P3470 Skutella,T., Schwarting,R.K.W., Huston,J.P., Sillaber,I., Probst,J.C., Holsboer,F., Spanagel,R. Infusions of tyrosine hydroxylase antisense oligodeoxynucleotide into substantia nigra of the rat: effects on tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA and protein content, striatal dopamine release and behaviour. Eur.J.Neurosci. 1997; 9(--):210-220. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Ringer's solution, sterilized; CSF/CNS (substantia nigra); rat; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle or mismatched oligo.

P3468 Silvia,C.P., Jaber,M., King,G.R., Ellinwood,E.H., Caron,M.G. Cocaine and amphetamine elicit differential effects in rats with a unilateral injection of dopamine transporter antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Neuroscience 1997; 76(-3-):737-747. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; CSF, artificial;; CSF/CNS (substantia nigra); rat; 1007D; 7 days; comparison of twice daily injections vs. mp; animals received ampicillin and tetracycline prophylactically.

P3460 Gillardon,F., Vogel,J., Hein,S., Zimmermann,M., Uhlmann,E. Inhibition of carrageenan-induced spinal c-Fos activation by systemically administered c-fos antisense oligodeoxynucleotides may be facilitated by local opening of the blood-spinal cord barrier. J.Neurosci.Res. 1997; 47(--):582-589. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Water, distilled; SC; rat; 1003D; 3 days; cancer; immunology; terminal-phosphorothioated c-fos antisense used; "...systemically administered antisense ODNs may gain access to regions of the mammalian central nervous system showing increased vascular permeability...", p. 588.

P3455 Fernandez,A.M., Garcia-Estrada,J., Garcia-Segura,L.M., Torres-Aleman,I. Insulin-like growth factor I modulates C-FOS induction and astrocytosis in response to neurotoxic insult. Neuroscience 1997; 76(-1-):117-122. >>> Insulin-like growth factor I; Insulin-like growth factor I, receptor antagonist; Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; CSF, artificial;; CSF/CNS (vermis of cerebellum); rat; 2002; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; IGF-1 antisense used.

P4330 Berhow,M.T., Hiroi,N., Nestler,E.J. Regulation of ERK (extracellular signal regulated kinase), part of the neurotrophin signal transduction cascade, in the rat mesolimbic dopamine system by chronic exposure to morphine or cocaine;. Journal of Neuroscience 1996; 16(-15-):4707-4715. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Ciliary neurotrophic factor; Oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; AP-5, D-; AP-5, L-;; Sodium phosphate; Saline; BSA;; CSF/CNS (ventral tegmental area);; rat;; 2002;; ; controls received mp with vehicle or sense or scrambled oligo; comparison of acute injections vs. mp; peptides; antisense; human recomb. growth factors used;.

P4324 Pellegrini,E., Bluet-Pajot,M.T., Mounier,F., Bennett,P., Kordon,C., Epelbaum,J. Central administration of a growth hormone (GH) receptor mRNA antisense increases GH pulsatility and decreases hypothalamic somatostatin expression in rats. Journal of Neuroscience 1996; 16(-24-):8140-8148. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense;; Saline;; CSF/CNS;; rat;; 2002;; 60 hours; controls received anesthesia only or ICV saline; ALZET brain infusion kit used; antisense; 85 ml of saline in catheter tubing delayed antisense infusion for 7 days;.

P3814 Rothstein,J.D., Dykes-Hoberg,M., Pardo,C.A., Bristol,C.A., Jin,L., Kuncl,R.W., Kanai,Y., Hediger,M.A., Wang,Y., Schielke,J.P., Welty,D.F. Knockout of glutamate transporters reveals a major role for astroglial transport in excitotoxicity and clearance of glutamate. Neuron 1996; 16(--):675-686. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; CSF, artificial;; CSF/CNS; rat; 2002; 7-10 days; ALZET brain infusion kit used.

P3463 Wojcik,W.J., Swoveland,P., Zhang,X., Vanguri,P. Chronic intrathecal infusion of phosphorothioate or phosphodiester antisense oligonucleotides against cytokine responsive gene-2/IP-10 in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis of Lewis rat. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1996; 278(-1-):404-410. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2002; 2ML2; 1 week; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; antisense; infused CSF alone via model 2002 for 5 - 7 days to allow recovery before replacing pump with model 2ML2 for antisense infusion.

P3412 Rubenstein,M., Mirochnik,Y., Chou,P., Guinan,P. Antisense oligonucleotide intralesional therapy for human PC-3 prostate tumors carried in athymic nude mice. J.Surg.Oncology 1996; 62(--):194-200. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Tris HCl; EDTA; SC; mice (nude); 1007D; 7 days; comparison of intratumoral injections vs. mp; cancer (prostate); antisense; pump contained both oligos; "Although direct inoculation of tumors was effective, systemic administration of oligos using ... pumps appears to have a better response rate." (p. 199); oligos were directed against mRNAs encoding transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor.

P3264 Widnell,K.L., Self,D.W., Lane,S.B., Russell,D.S., Vaidya,V.A., Miserendino,M.J.D., Rubin,C.S., Duman,R.S., Nestler,E.J. Regulation of creb expression: in vivo evidence for a functional role in morphine action in the nucleus accumbens. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1996; 276(-1-):306-315. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); rat; 2001; 5 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; comparison of injections vs. mp; no stress (see pg. 309-no evidence of brain tissue damage); bitateral cannulae used; 2 mps implanted-1 delivered oligo, 1 vehicle; the oligo w/phosphorothioate modifications appeared to be toxic when administered chronically-authors switched to oligo w/phosphorothioate modifications on the 2 end nucleotides only (p. 309).

P3823 Huang,Y., Snyder,R., Kligshteyn,M., Wickstrom,E. Prevention of tumor formation in a mouse model of burkitt's lymphoma by 6 weeks of treatment with anti-c-myc DNA phosphorothioate. Molec.Medicine 1995; 1(-6-):647-658. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; Saline; SC; mice; 2002; 6 weeks; Controls received mp w/saline or scrambled DNA; comparison of pellets and SC injections vs. mp; long-term study, pumps replaced every 2 weeks; "Total amount of DNA in the pellets and the rate of release from each pellet varied widely and unpredictably." (pg. 649); cancer; toxicology; antisense.

P3525 Jansen,B., Wadl,H., Inoue,S.A., Trulzsch,B., Selzer,E., Duchene,M., Eichler,E.-G., Wolff,K., Pehamberger,H. Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides reduce melanoma growth in a SCID-hu mouse model by a nonantisense mechanism. Antisense Res.Dev. 1995; 5(--):271-277. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; SC; mice; 2002; 2 weeks; controls received saline infusion; cancer; antisense.

P3472 Liebsch,G., Landgraf,R., Gerstberger,R., Probst,J.C., Wotjak,C.T., Engelmann,M., Holsboer,F., Montkowski,A. Chronic infusion of a CRH(1) receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide into the central nucleus of the amygdala reduced anxiety-related behavior in socially defeated rats. Regul.Pept. 1995; 59(--):229-239. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Ringer's solution, sterilized; CSF/CNS (central amygdaloid nucleus); rat; 1007D; no duration posted; controls received vehicle or scrambled sequence; antisense; pump filled w/ sterile saline, oligos were placed in PE tubing; Tardomycel given prophylactically; bilateral infusion.

P2782 Plata-Salaman,C.R., Wilson,C.D., Sonti,G., Borkoski,J.P., ffrench-Mullen,J.M.H. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to G-protein a-subunit subclasses identify a transductional requirement for the modulation of normal feeding dependent on GAOA subunit. Mol.Brain Research 1995; 33(--):72-78. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; NaCl; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); rat; 2001; 72 hours; controls received mp w/ vehicle; animals allowed to recover 10 days after cannulation.

P2715 Landgraf,R., Gerstberger,R., Montkowski,A., Probst,J.C., Wotjak,C.T., Holsboer,F., Engelmann,M. V1 vasopressin receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide into septum reduces vasopressin binding, social discrimination abilities, and anxiety-related behavior in rats. J.Neurosci. 1995; 15(-6-):4250-4258. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, scrambled; Ringer's solution; CSF/CNS (septum); rat; 1007D; 4 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle or scrambled oligodeoxynucleotide; functionality of mp verified by monitoring movement of air bubble border between pump and catheter contents; no stress (see pg. 4252); pump contained vehicle and was separated from agents in coiled tubing and cannula by air bubble; light microscopy revealed normal tissue appearance around infusion site w/ both vehicle and oligos; tardomycel given prophylactically.

R0101 Pilowsky,P.M., Suzuki,S., Minson,J.B. Antisense oligonucleotides: a new tool in neuroscience. Clin.Exp.Pharmacol.Physiol. 1994; 21(--):935-944. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; no duration posted; no comment posted.

P2708 Hijiya,N., Zhang,J., Ratajczak,M.Z., Kant,J.A., DeRiel,K., Herlyn,M., Zon,G., Gewirtz,A.M. Biologic and therapeutic significance of MYB expression in human melanoma. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 1994; 91(--):4499-4503. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; SC; mice; 7 and 14 days; controls received no treatment; some mice received second 14-day infusion 16 days after the termination of the first infusion.

P2627 Spampinato,S., Canossa,M., Carboni,L., Campana,G., Leanza,G., Ferri,S. Inhibition of proopiomelanocortin expression by an oligodeoxynucleotide complementary to B-endorphin mRNA. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 1994; 91(--):8072-8076. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Saline; CSF/CNS (arcuate nucleus); rat; 1003D; 60 hours; no comment posted.

P2286 Iversen,P.I., Mata,J., Tracewell,W.G., Zon,G. Pharmacokinetics of an antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide against rev from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the adult male rat following single injections and continuous infusion. Antisense Res.Dev. 1994; 4(--):43-52. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; PBS; Radio-isotopes; SC; rat; 28 days; radio-isotope was radiolabeled 27-mer; controls received sham operation; comparison of IV injections vs. mp; "uptake into tissues is not saturated...after 28 days of continuous infusion.

P2048 Stepkowski,S.M., Tu,Y., Condon,T.P., Bennett,C.F. Blocking of heart allograft rejection by intercellular adhesion molecule-1 antisense oligonucleotides alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive modalities. J.Immunol. 1994; 153(--):5336-5346. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; Cyclosporin A; Rapamycin; Oligodeoxynucleotide, scrambled; Cremophor; Tween 80; Dimethylacetamide, N, N-; PEG 400; IV (jugular); mice; 7,14 days; oligo of interest was IP-3082; controls received no treatment, unrelated oligo IP-1082, or scrambled oligo IP-4189; immunology; "...this study reports the first example of pharmacologic activity of an antisense PS-oligo by i.v. systemic administration in a model of a complex inflammatory process".

R0100 Neckers,L., Whitesell,L. Antisense technology: biological utility and practical considerations. Am.J.Physiol. 1993; 265(-9-):L1-L12. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; no duration posted; "Regional delivery of antisense oligos via implantable pumps . . . could offer the theoretical advantages of physical oligo protection delivery to sanctuary sites, and the need for smaller quantities of drug . . ." (pg. L10).

P2455 Higgins,K.A., Perez,J.R., Coleman,T.A., Dorshkind,K., McComas,W.A., Sarmiento,U.M., Rosen,C.A., Narayanan,R. Antisense inhibition of the p65 subunit of NF-kB blocks tumorigenicity and causes tumor regression. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. 1993; 90(--):9901-9905. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; mice (nude); no duration posted; cancer.

P2202 Zhang,M., Creese,I. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide reduces brain dopamine D2 receptors: behavioral correlates. Neurosci.Lett. 1993; 161(--):223-226. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, S-; Saline; CSF/CNS; rat; 1003D; 3 days; controls received mp w/saline.

P2201 Gewirtz,A.M. Potential therapeutic applications of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Leuk.Lymphoma 1993; 11(-1-):131-137. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Water; SC; mice (SCID); 3,7,14 days; no comment posted.

P2159 Whitesell,L., Geselowitz,D., Chavany,C., Fahmy,B., Walbridge,S., Alger,J.R., Neckers,L.M. Stability, clearance, and disposition of intraventricularly administered oligodeoxynucleotides: implications for therapeutic application within the central nervous system. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. 1993; 90(--):4665-4669. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; 3H tracer; Radio-isotopes; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; no duration posted; half-life (p. 4668); brain tissue distribution; antisense; phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides; bolus administration resulted in poor tissue distribution.

R0126 Wickstrom,E  Tibtech 1992; 10(--):281-287. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; SC; mice (nude); no duration posted; "In order to achieve normal antisense DNA inhibition of N-myc gene expression..., it was found necessary to administer the normal oligomers by continuous perfusion from a microosmotic pump..." (p. 285); cancer; antisense.

P2200 Ratajczak,M.Z., Kant,J.A., Luger,S.M., Hijiya,N., Zhang,J., Zon,G., Gewirtz,A.M. In vivo treatment of human leukemia in a scid mouse model with c-myb antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. 1992; 89(--):11823-11827. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; Water; SC; mice (SCID); 1003D; 2001; 3,7,14 days; cancer; controls received no treatment, or sense or scrambled-sequence oligomers in mp; 7 and 14 day infusions of antisense oligonucleotides prolonged survival, while a 3 day infusion did not; 'constant infusion delivery of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, even at relatively low doses, had significant therapeutic utility. (pg. 11827).

P1985 Whitesell,L., Rosolen,A., Neckers,L.M. In vivo modulation of N-myc expression by continuous perfusion with an antisense oligonucleotide. Antisense Res.Dev. 1991; 1(--):343-350. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Oligonucleotide, sense; Water; SC; mice; 1007D; 14 days; pumps replaced after 7 days.

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