References on the Administration of Dopamine Using ALZET^®‚ Osmotic Pumps
[Includes Dopamine, Dopamine HCl, and 6-Hydroxy-Dopamine]

P8290 Brinkkoetter,P.T., Beck,G.C., Gottmann,U., Loesel,R., Schnetzke,U., Rudic,B., Hanusch,C., Rafat,N., Liu,Z.Z., Weiss,C., Leuvinik,H.G.D., Ploeg,R., Braun,C., Schnuelle,P., van der Woude,F.J., Yard,B.A. Hypothermia-induced loss of endothelial barrier function is restored after dopamine pretreatment: Role of p42/p44 activation. Transplantation 2006; 82(-4-):534-542. >>> Dopamine; IV (femoral); Rat; 2ML1; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ isotonic saline; ischemia; reperfusion injury; animal info (male, Lewis, 220-250 g).

P7802 Oberbeck,R., Schmitz,D., Wilsenack,K., Schueler,M., Husain,B., Schedlowski,M., Exton,M.S. Dopamine affects cellular immune functions during polymicrobial sepsis. Intensive Care Medicine 2006; 32(-5-):731-739. >>> Dopamine; IP; Mice; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by dopamine plasma concentration; animal info (male, NMRI, 8-9 wk old, 30-34-g.); laparotomy or polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture.

P7469 Gottmann,U., Notheisen,A., Brinkkoetter,P.T., Yard,B.A., Waldherr,R., Schnuelle,P., van der Woude,F.J., Braun,C. Influence of donor pretreatment with dopamine on allogeneic kidney transplantation after prolonged cold storage in rats. Transplantation 2005; 79(-10-):1344-1350. >>> Dopamine; Saline; IV (femoral); Rat; 2ML1; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Lewis Fisher).

P6552 Oberbeck,R., Schmitz,D., Schueler,M., Wilsenack,K., Schedlowski,M., Exton,M. Dopexamine and cellular immune functions during systemic inflammation. Immunobiology 2004; 208(-5-):429-438. >>> Dopexamine; dopamine; IP; Mice; 48 hours; Controls received saline&sham operation; immunology; polymicrobial sepsis induced cecal ligation&puncture (CLP).

P6447 Ozono,R., Ueda,A., Oishi,Y., Yano,A., Kambe,M., Katsuki,M., Oshima,T. Dopamine D2 receptor modulates sodium handling via local production of dopamine in the kidney. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2003; 42(--):S75-S79. >>> Dopamine; Saline; SC; Mice (knockout); 2002; 3 days; cardiovascular.

P6218 Blanchet,P.J. The fluctuating parkinsonian patient - Clinical and pathophysiological aspects. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 2003; 30(--):S19-S26. >>> Dopamine, agonists; SC; Monkey; ; Pump model and duration not listed; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease).

P5642 Carr,L., Tucker,A., Fernandez-Botran,R. In vivo administration of L-dopa or dopamine decreases the number of splenic IFN-gamma-producing cells. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2003; 137(-1-2-):87-93. >>> Dopamine; HCL; saline; ascorbic acid; SC; Mice; 1007D; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle (without HCL); Incorrectly states the pump's release rate was 0.25 ul/hr, (correct rate is 0.5 ul/hr)..

P4754 Maeda,H, Sasaguri,M, Sakai,T, Kinoshita,A, Koga,M, Noda,K, Tsuji,E, Ideishi,M., Arakawa,K. Roles of renal dopamine and Kallikrein-Kinin systems in antihypertensive mechanisms of exercise in rats.. Hypertens Res 2000; 23(--):511-519. >>> Dopamine;; Water, distilled; Sodium metabisulfate;; SC;; rat;; 2ML4;; 2 weeks;; Antihypertensive; vehicle was water w/ 0.1% sodium metabisulfate;.

R0223 During,M.J, Leone,P  Experimental Neurology 1997; 144(--):74-81. >>> Dopamine, hydroxy-6; CSF/CNS (striatum); 4 days; ALZET pumps mentioned on pg. 76; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease).

P4216 Yang,Z.-J., Meguid,M.M., Chai,J.-K., Chen,C., Oler,A. Bilateral hypothalamic dopamine infusion in male Zucker rat suppresses feeding due to reduced meal size. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 1997; 58(-3-):631-635. >>> Dopamine HCl; Sodium metabisulfite; CSF/CNS (hypothalamus); rat; 2002; 13 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; stability verified by HPLC after 13 days; two pumps implanted per animal; bilateral cannula used.

P3932 Kasamatsu,T., Schmidt,E.K. Continuous and direct infusion of drug solutions in the brain of awake animals: implementation, strengths and pitfalls. Brain Res.Protocols 1997; 1(--):57-69. >>> Forskolin; Dopamine, 6-hydroxy-; Ascorbate; Saline; DMSO; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); cat; 2001; 7 days; no stress (see pg. 64); stability verified by HPLC assays; good methods (extremely detailed for all CSF/CNS aspects and protocols).

P3514 Jones,B.E., Boylan,C.B., Fritsche,M., Juhasz,M., Jackson,C., Wiegand,S.J., Hyman,C., Lindsay,R.M., Alter,C.A. A continuous striatal infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine produces a terminal axotomy and delayed behavioral effects. Brain Research 1996; 709(--):275-284. >>> Dopamine, 6-hydroxy-; Ascorbate; Saline; CSF/CNS (striatum); rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received vehicle infusion; dose-response (figure z); comparison of acute infusion vs. mp; stability verified by bioassay of pump effluent.

P3277 McCorkle,F.M., Taylor Jr,R.L. Continuous adminstration of dopamine alters cellular immunity in chickens. Comp.Biochem.Physiol. 1994; 109C(-3-):289-293. >>> Dopamine; Saline, acidified; SC; bird (chicken); 2001; 24,48,72 hours; controls received mp w/saline; immunology.

P2562 Altar,C.A., Boylan,C.B., Fritsche,M., Jones,B.E., Jackson,C., Wiegand,S.J., Lindsay,R.M., Hyman,C. Efficacy of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 on neurochemical and behavioral deficits associated with partial nigrostriatal dopamine lesions. J.Neurochem. 1994; 63(--):1021-1032. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NT-3; Dopamine, 6-hydroxy-; PBS; CSF/CNS (substantia nigra); CSF/CNS (central caudate putamen); rat; 2002; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; stability verified by DRG bioassay; 77-85% biological activity of BDNF&NT-3 remained after 14 days; 6-hydroxydopamine stable for 8 days; peptides; after 6 days, concomitant infusion of BDNF, NT-3 or vehicle with 6-OHDA; recomb. human BDNF used.

P2366 Takeshi,M., Ogura,T., Otz,Z., Ogawa,N. Effects of dopamine on renal receptors for arginine vasopressin. Res.Commun.Chem.Pathol.Pharmacol. 1992; 76(-2-):131-141. >>> Dopamine HCl; SC; rat; 2 weeks; controls received mp with saline.

P2584 Mataga,N., Imamura,K., Watanabe,Y. 6R-tetrahydrobiopterin perfusion enhances dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate outputs in dialysate from rat striatum and frontal cortex. Brain Research 1991; 551(--):64-71. >>> Dopamine, 6-hydroxy-; Saline; Ascorbate; CSF/CNS (striatum); rat; 2001; 1 week; microdialysis probes implanted after pumps taken out.

P1733 Kroin,J.S., Kao,L.C., Zhang,T.J., Penn,R.D., Klawans,H.L., Carvey,P.M. Dopamine distribution and behavioral alterations resulting from dopamine infusion into the brain of the lesioned rat. J.Neurosurg. 1991; 74(--):105-111. >>> Dopamine HCl; Sodium metabisulfite; CSF/CNS; CSF/CNS (striatum); rat; 2002; no duration posted; stability verified in vehicle for 10 days at 37 degrees celsius by HPLC.

P1782 Katayama,E., Ogura,T., Ota,Z. Characteristics of rat kidney dopamine receptors and the effects of renal denervation and dopamine infusion on these receptors. Nephron 1989; 53(--):358-363. >>> Dopamine; SC; rat; 1, 2 weeks; controls received pumps with saline only.

P1446 Garcia de Yebenes,J., Fahn,S., Mena,M.A., Pardo,B., Casarejos,M.J. Intracerebroventricular infusion of dopamine and its agonists in rodents and primates. ASAIO Transactions 1988; 34(--):951-957. >>> Dopamine; Lisuride; Pergolide; Hydroxynaphthoxacine, 4-propyl-9-; HCl; Water; CSF/CNS; rat; 1, 2 weeks; PHNO is dopamine D-2 receptor agonist;.

P1444 Ueda,H. Time course study of changes in the activity of rats during intraventricular infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine, haloperidol and sulpiride: a study of the relationship between an origin of the negative symptoms in schizophrenia and catecholamines. J.Iwate Med.Assoc. 1988; 40(-3-):385-398. >>> Dopamine, 6-hydroxy-; Haloperidol; Sulpiride; CSF/CNS; rat; 8 days; Japanese, English abstract.

P1313 de Yebenes,J.G., Fahn,S., Jackson-Lewis,V., Jorge,P., Mena,M.A., Reiriz,J. Continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of dopamine and dopamine agonists through a totally implanted drug delivery system in animal models of Parkinson's disease. J.Neural Transm. 1988; 27(--):141-160. >>> Deprenyl; Dopamine; Lisuride; Pargyline; Pergolide; HCl; Sodium metabisulfite; Water; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 6, 7 days; mp connected to cannula; stability of DA verified in several vehicles, p 146; concomitant DA infusion with pargyline; DA infusion with deprenyl; replacement therapy (dopamine deficiency); stability verified in vitro; antihypertensive; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease).

R0077 Ray,N., Theeuwes,F. Implantable osmotically powered drug delivery systems. In 'Drug Delivery Systems: Fundamentals and Techniques,' P.Johnson and J.G.Lloyd-Jones (eds.), Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, England and VCH Verlasgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim, Federal Republic of Germany 1987; (-Ch. 7-):120-138. >>> Antipyrine; bleomycin; dopamine HCl; melatonin; methotrexate, sodium; nicotine; prednisolone; radio-isotopes; valproic acid; 14C tracer; 3H tracer; IA; IP; SC; Mice, rabbit, rat; no duration posted; ALZA-authored; synoptic review of mp; post op. care (antibiotic); comparison of sc injections vs. mp infusion; pulsed delivery.

P2709 de Yebenes,J.G., Fahn,S., Lovelle,S., Jackson-Lewis,V., Jorge,P., Mena,M.A., Reiriz,J., Bustos,J.C., Magarinos,C., Martinez,A. Continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of dopamine and dopamine agonists through a totally implanted drug delivery system in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders 1987; 2(-3-):143-158. >>> Dopamine; Pargyline; Deprenyl; Lisuride; Pergolide; HCl; Sodium metabisulfate; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 6,7 days; controls received mp with vehicles; replacement therapy (lesion in dopamine pathway); stability verified for 1 week by measuring dopamine concentrations and its metabolites at varying time intervals with HPLC; concomitant dopamine infusion w/ pargyline and w/ deprenyl; antihypertensive; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease).

P1135 Barnes,N.J.G., Costall,B., Domeney,A.M., Naylor,R.J. Behavioural consequences of the infusion of dopamine into the nucleus accumbens of the common marmoset (callithrix-jacchus). Neuropharmacology 1987; 26(-9-):1327-1335. >>> Dopamine; Sodium metabisulfate; CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); monkey; 13 days; Pump model not stated; controls received mp w/ vehicle; mp connected to cannulae in nucleus accumbens; mp primed overnight; multiple pumps per animal (2).

P1033 Hargraves,R., Freed,W.J. Chronic intrastriatal dopamine infusions in rats with unilateral lesions of the substantia nigra. Life Sci. 1987; 40(--):959-966. >>> Dopamine; 3H tracer; Ascorbate; Saline; Sodium metabisulfite; Water; CSF/CNS (corpus striatum); rat; 2002; 13 days; controls rec'd mp w/veh.; mp connected to cann. in corpus striatum; some groups rec'd unilat. lesions of substantia nigra; mp inf. diff. amounts of agents to diff. groups; pumps primed o'night with saline.

P0905 Costall,B., Domeney,A.M., Naylor,R.J., Tyers,M.B. Effects of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, GR38032F, on raised dopaminergic activity in the mesolimbic system of the rat and marmoset brain. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1987; 92(--):881-894. >>> Dopamine; CSF/CNS (amygdala); CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); monkey; rat; 13 days; Pump model not stated; controls rec'd mp w/ unspecif. vehicle; mp conn. to cannulae in amygdala/rat; mp conn. to cath. in nucleus accumbens/monkey; mp primed overnight; concomit. haloperidol admin.; tissue perf. (amygdala, nucleus accumbens).

P0959 Barnes,J.C., Costall,B., Naylor,R.J. Modulation of dopamine function by glycine in the nucleus accumbens of the brain of the rat. Neuropharmacology 1986; 25(-12-):1347-1351. >>> Dopamine; Glycine; Strychnine; Water; CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); rat; 2001; 13 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; mp connected to cannula in nucleus accum.; mps primed overnight at 37C; agents infused sep.&simult.; stability.

P0925 Ek,B., Lundgren,B. Increased Beta -adrenoceptor density after 6-hydroxydopamine pretreatment in rat colon and lung. Acta Physiol.Scand. 1986; 127(--):455-460. >>> Dopamine, 6-hydroxy-; Ascorbic acid; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 3 days; comparison of iv injection vs. mp infusion.

P0857 Barnes,J.C., Costall,B., Domeney,A.M., Naylor,R.J. Lithium and bupropion antagonise the phasic changes in locomotor activity caused by dopamine infused into the rat nucleus accumbens. Psychopharmacology 1986; 89(--):311-316. >>> Dopamine HCl; Lithium; Sodium metabisulfite; CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); IP; rat; 2002; 13 days; controls rec'd mps w/vehicle; mp connected to cannula in NC; mps&injection units primed overnight; lithium admin. ip; agents admin. simult. in 1 group; comparison of ip inject. vs mp infusion.

P0856 Bradbury,A.J., Costall,B., Domeney,A.M., Jenner,P.J., Marsden,C.D., Naylor,R.J. The neurotoxic actions of 6-hydroxydopamine infused into the rat substantia nigra. Neuroscience 1986; 67(--):208-212. >>> Dopamine, 6-hydroxy-; CSF/CNS (substantia nigra); rat; 2002; 4 or 10 days; controls rec'd mp w/vehicle; mp connected to steel guide cannula in SN; multiple pumps per animal (2); mps primed overnight.

P0753 Bradbury,A.J., Costall,B., Domeney,A.M., Naylor,R.J. Laterality of dopamine function and neuroleptic action in the amygdala in the rat. Neuropharmacology 1985; 24(-12-):1163-1170. >>> Dopamine HCl; Sodium metabisulfite; CSF/CNS (amygdala); rat; 2002; 9 days; mp connected to steel cannula in amygdala; no stress (see pg. 1164).

P0740 Stromberg,I., Herrera-Marschitz,M., Ungerstedt,U., Ebendal,T., Olson,L. Chronic implants of chromaffin tissue into the dopamine-denervated striatum. Effects of NGF on graft survival, fiber growth and rotational behavior. Exp.Brain Research 1985; 60(-2-):335-349. >>> Dopamine; L-DOPA; Nerve growth factor; Saline; CSF/CNS (corpus striatum); rat; 2002; 28 days; comparison of injections vs. mp infusion; mp replaced after 14 days; mp connected to cannula in striatum mounted w/dialysis fiber; l-dopa&dopamine used only to test fiber; 6-OHDA lesions.

P0630 Costall,B., Domeney,A.M., Naylor,R.J. The continuity of dopamine receptor antagonism can dictate the long-term behavioural consequences of a mesolimibic infusion of dopamine. Neuropharmacology 1985; 2(-3-):193-197. >>> Dopamine HCl; Sulpiride; Nitrogen; Sodium metabisulfite; CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); IP; rat; 13 days; mp model not stated; comparison of SULP ip injec vs. mp infusion; 2 mp/rat - bilateral infusion; mp primed overnight; vehicles listed used w/DOP; concomitant SULP admin. ip.

P0592 Sendelbeck,S.L., Urquhart,J. Spatial distribution of dopamine, methotrexate and antipyrine during continuous intracerebral microperfusion. Brain Research 1985; 328(--):251-258. >>> Antipyrine; Dopamine HCl; Methotrexate, sodium; Radio-isotopes; 14C tracer; 3H tracer; CSF, artificial; Sodium fluorescein; CSF/CNS (diencephalon); rabbit; 2001; 6 days; comparison of agents effects; mp primed in saline 16 hr. prior to implant; stability of labelled&unlabelled Dop.&MTX tested by paper chromat. after 7 days at 37C; brain tissue distribution;.

P0606 Kojima,H., Gorio,A., Janigro,D., Jonsson,G. GM1 ganglioside enhances regrowth of noradrenaline nerve terminals in rat cerebral cortex lesioned by the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine. Neuroscience 1984; 13(-4-):1011-1022. >>> Dopamine HCl, 6-hydroxy-; Ascorbic acid; Saline; CSF/CNS (cortex); rat; 2001; 3 or 7 days; cited previous mp paper for 6-OHDA stability.

P0554 Nakai,K., Kasamatsu,T. Accelerated regeneration of central catecholamine fibers in cat occipital cortex: effects of substance P. Brain Research 1984; 323(--):374-379. >>> Dopamine HBr, 6-hydroxy-; Substance P; CSF/CNS (occipital cortex); cat (kitten); 1 week; comparison of agents effects; ALZET not mentioned but author cites previous mp papers as methods reference; cannot be positive substance P deliv. by mp; peptides.

P0495 Haycock,D.A., Bear,M.F. The stability of 6-hydroxydopamine under minipump conditions. Exp.Brain Research 1984; 56(--):183-186. >>> Dopamine HBr, 6-hydroxy-; Ascorbic acid; Saline; pump not used; ; Stability of 6-OHDA in 0.4% ascorbic acid at room temp, 20-38C for at least 1 week verified by HPLC-ECD&biologic activity; minipump itself not used in exp.

P0444 Costall,B., Domeney,A.M., Naylor,R.J. Long-term consequences of antagonism by neuroleptics of behavioural events occurring during mesolimbic dopamine infusion. Neuropharmacology 1984; 23(-3-):287-293. >>> Dopamine HCl; Nitrogen; Sodium metabisulfite; CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); rat; 2002; 13 days; no stress p. 288; pumps primed overnight, bilateral pump implantation.

P0439 Costall,B., Domeney,A.M., Naylor,R.J. Locomotor hyperactivity caused by dopamine infusion into the nucleus accumbens of rat brain: specificity of action. Psychopharmacology 1984; 82(--):174-180. >>> Acetylcholine HCl; Aminobutyric acid, Y-; Serotonin bimaleinate; Dopamine HCl; Norepinephrine bitartrate; Nitrogen; Sodium metabisulfite; CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); rat; 2002; 13 days; Cholinergic agent; comparison of agents effects; no stress p. 175; stability of substances remaining in pump after 13 days was verified.

P0391 Aguilera,G., Catt,K.J. Dopaminergic modulation of aldosterone secretion in the rat. Endocrinology 1984; 114(-1-):176-181. >>> Angiotensin II; Dopamine; Metoclopramide; IP; IV; rat; 2 days; simultaneous administration of MCP (iv) w/ AII (ip), and MCP (iv) w/ DOP (iv); MCP and AII also infused alone, all by mp; peptides.

P1255 Paradiso,M.A., Bear,M.F., Daniels,J.D. Effects of intracortical infusion of 6-Hydroxydopamine on the response of kitten visual cortex to monocular deprivation. Exp.Brain Research 1983; 51(-3-):413-422. >>> Dopamine HBr, 6-hydroxy-; Ascorbate; Saline; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); cat (kitten); 2001; 1 week; Multiple pumps per animal (2); 1st pump contained agent and infused into one hemisphere, 2nd pump contained the vehicle only and infused the other hemisphere.

P0378 Costall,B., Domeney,A.M., Naylor,R.J. A comparison of the behavioural consequences of chronic stimulation of dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens of rat brain effected by a continuous infusion or by single daily injections. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch.Pharmacol. 1983; 324(--):27-33. >>> Dopamine HCl; Nitrogen; Sodium metabisulfite; CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); rat; 13 days; mp model not stated; comparison of injection vs. mp infusion; no stress - p. 28; multiple pumps per animal (2); pumps primed overnight before implantation.

P0321 Daw,N.W., Rader,R.K., Robertson,T.W., Ariel,M. Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine on visual deprivation in the kitten striate cortex. J.Neurosci. 1983; 3(-5-):907-914. >>> Dopamine, 6-hydroxy-; Ascorbate; Saline; CSF/CNS (occipital cortex); cat (kitten); 2001; 1 week; no comment posted.

P0305 Bear,M.F., Paradiso,M.A., Schwartz,M., Nelson,S.B., Carnes,K.M., Daniels,J.D. Two methods of catecholamine depletion in kitten visual cortex yield different effects on plasticity. Nature 1983; 302(--):245-247. >>> Dopamine, 6-hydroxy-; Ascorbate; Saline; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); cat (kitten); 1 week; comparison of injection vs. infusion; multiple pumps per animal (2).

P0440 Costall,B., Domeney,A.M., Naylor,R.J. Behavioral and biochemical consequences of persistent overstimulation of mesolimbic dopamine systems in the rat. Neuropharmacology 1982; 21(--):327-335. >>> Dopamine HCl; Nitrogen; Sodium metabisulfite; CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); rat; 2002; 13 days; no stress p. 328, 333; 2 pumps implanted simultaneously, bilaterally; pumps primed overnight; post-infusion N-propylnorapomorphine challenge.

P0156 Kasamatsu,T., Pettigrew,J.D., Ary,M. Cortical recovery from effects of monocular deprivation: acceleration with norepinephrine and suppression with 6-hydroxydopamine. J.Neurophysiol. 1981; 45(-2-):254-266. >>> Dopamine HBr, 6-hydroxy-; Norepinephrine HCl, l-; Saline; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); cat (kitten); no duration posted; no comment posted.

P0138 Kasamatsu,T., Itakura,T., Jonsson,G. Intracortical spread of exogenous catecholamines: effective concentration for modifying cortical plasticity. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1981; 217(-3-):841-850. >>> Dopamine HBr, 6-hydroxy-; Norepinephrine HCl; Radio-isotopes; 3H tracer; Ascorbate; Saline; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); cat; cat (kitten); 1701; 1, 3,&7 days; no comment posted.

P0033 Kasamatsu,T., Pettigrew,J.D., Ary,M. Restoration of visual cortical plasticity by local microperfusion of norepinephrine. J.Comp.Neurol. 1979; 185(-1-):163-181. >>> Dopamine, 6-hydroxy-; Norepinephrine; Radio-isotopes; 3H tracer; Ascorbate; Saline; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); cat (kitten); no duration posted; pumps replaced after 1 week.

P0007 Pettigrew,J.D., Kasamatsu,T. Local perfusion of noradrenaline maintains visual cortical plasticity. Nature 1978; 271(-5647-):761-763. >>> Norepinephrine; dopamine, 6-hydroxy-; saline; ascorbate; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); cat (kitten); 1701; 7 days; controls received mp with vehicle in other visual cortex; multiple pumps per animal (2); pump/cannula schematic P. 762, Fig. 1.

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