References on the Administration of Glucocorticoids Using
ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

1. Corticosterone

P7872 Maxwell,C.R., Ehrlichman,R.S., Liang,Y.L., Gettes,D.R., Evans,D.L., Kanes,S.J., Abel,T., Karp,J., Siegel,S.J. Corticosterone modulates auditory gating in mouse. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 31(-5-):897-903. >>> Corticosterone; PEG 400; SC; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 3); comparison of SC pellets vs. mp; animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 10-11 wk. old).

P7810 Liu,H.H., Payne,H.R., Wang,B., Brady,S.T. Gender differences in response of hippocampus to chronic glucocorticoid stress: Role of glutamate receptors. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2006; 83(-5-):775-786. >>> Corticosterone; Polyethylene glycol; SC; Mice; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received no treatment; functionality of mp verified by plasma corticosterone levels; animal info (male, female, C57BL/6J, 7 wk old); "Although daily injections do elevate plasma corticosterone chronically, animals experience spikes of corticosterone associated with both handling and injection" (pg. 776).

P7432 Ellis,S., Mouihate,A., Pittman,Q.J. Early life immune challenge alters innate immune responses to lipopolysaccharide: implications for host defense as adults. FASEB Journal 2005; 19(-8-):U826-U842. >>> Corticosterone; PEG; IP; Rat; 2001; 1 week; Replacement therapy (adrenalectomy); no stress (see pg. 4); immunology; post op. care (derapen); "the survival rate of this procedure (ADX + mp) was 100% with animals having normal body temperature within 24 hours after the surgery.".

P7247 Nuber,U.A., Kriaucionis,S., Roloff,T.C., Guy,J., Selfridge,J., Steinhoff,C., Schulz,R., Lipkowitz,B., Ropers,H.H., Holmes,M.C., Bird,A. Up-regulation of glucocorticoid-regulated genes in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. Human Molecular Genetics 2005; 14(-15-):2247-2256. >>> Corticosterone; DMSO; polypropylene glycol; SC; Mice; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma corticosterone levels; comparison of silastic implants vs. mp; 50% DMSO.

P6237 Watanobe,H., Habu,S. Adrenal glucocorticoids do not mediate impaired reproductive function induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. Neuroendocrinology 2003; 78(-1-):23-28. >>> Corticosterone; PEG 400; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received no mp and saline injection; functionality of mp verified by plasma drug concentrations; replacement therapy (orchidectomy; adrenalectomy); LPS given by injection.

P5331 Man,M.S., Young,A.H., McAllister-Williams,R.H. Corticosterone modulation of somatodendritic 5-HT1A receptor function in mice. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2002; 16(-3-):245-252. >>> Corticosterone; PEG; SC; Mice; 2001; 72 hours; Corticosterone plasma levels checked; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy); comparison of SC injections vs mp.

P5226 Wang,J., Charboneau,R., Balasubramanian,S., Barke,R.A., Loh,H.H., Roy,S. The immunosuppressive effects of chronic morphine treatment are partially dependent on corticosterone and mediated by the mu-opioid receptor. J Leukoc.Biol 2002/5; 71(-5-):782-790. >>> Corticosterone; PEG 400; SC; Mice; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by corticosterone plasma levels; dose-response (p. 784); immunology;.

P4979 Yau,J.L.W., Noble,J., Kenyon,C.J., Hibberd,C., Kotelevtsev,Y., Mullins,J.J., Seckl,J.R. Lack of tissue glucocorticoid reactivation in 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 knockout mice ameliorates age-related learning impairments. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2001; 98(--):4716-4721. >>> Corticosterone; Saline; Ethanol; Radio-isotopes; SC; mice; 2001; 7 days; brain tissue distribution; Vehicle was 90% saline; 10% ethanol; aging; corticosterone brain distribution.

P4494 Sacedón,R, Vicente,A, Varas,A, Jiménez,E, Munoz,J.J, Zapata,A.G. Early maturation of T-cell progenitors in the absence of glucocorticoids.. Blood 1999/10/15; 94(-8-):2819-2826. >>> Corticosterone; Propylene glycol; NaCl; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; ; Controls received sham surgery; functionality of mp verified by corticosterone levels in plasma; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy); teratology;.

P3714 Sainio,E.-L. The role of adrenal hormones in the activation of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase by nicotinic acid in rat liver. Meth.Find Exp.Clin.Pharmacol. 1997; 19(-7-):465-470. >>> Epinephrine; Corticosterone; Ethanol; NaCl; SC; rat; 2ML1; 6 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy).

P4144 Souness,G.W., Morris,D.J. 11a- and 11b- hydroxyprogesterone, potent inhibitors of 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, possess hypertensinogenic activity in the rat. Hypertension 1996; 27(-pt 1-):421-425. >>> Progesterone, 11a; Hydroxyprogesterone, 11b; RU-28318; Corticosterone; Propylene glycol; SC; rat; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy); agents infused singly and concomitantly in same pump; cardiovascular.

P3153 DeKrey,G.K., Kerkvliet,N.I. Effects of exogenous corticosterone treatment on alloantigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in mice. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1995; 273(-2-):823-829. >>> Corticosterone; Dexamethasone; PEG 400; mice; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp with PEG; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; immunology; agent infusion delayed 1 day after surgery (by using catheter tubing).

P3168 Miller,A.H., Spencer,R.L., Hassett,J., Kim,C., Rhee,R., Ciurea,D., Dhabhar,F., McEwen,B., Stein,M. Effects of selective type I and II adrenal steroid agonists on immune cell distribution. Endocrinology 1994; 135(-5-):1934-1944. >>> Aldosterone; RU-28362; Corticosterone; Propylene glycol; SC; rat; 7 days; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy).

P2905 Palmer,L.G., Antonian,L., Frindt,G. Regulation of apical K and Na channels and Na/K pumps in rat cortical collecting tubule by dietary K. J.Gen.Physiol. 1994; 104(--):693-710. >>> Aldosterone; Corticosterone; PEG 300; SC; rat; 2002; no duration posted; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy).

P3238 Lobo,M.J., Remesar,X., Alemany,M. Effect of chronic intravenous injection of steroid hormones on body weight and composition of female rats. Biochem.Molec.Biol.Intl. 1993; 29(-2-):349-358. >>> Progesterone; Cortisol; Cortisone; Corticosterone; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Androstenedione, 4-; Androstendiol, 5-; Testosterone; Nortestosterone, 19-; Estradiol, B-; Estrone; Estriol; Deoxycorticosterone; PEG 400; IV (lower cava); rat; 2002; 15 days; controls received mp with PEG; no stress (see pg. 351); pumps placed into peritoneal cavity and sutured to musculature; surgical wound sprinkled with sulphathiazol.

P2441 Thordarson,G., Fielder,P., Lee,C., Hom,Y.K., Robleto,D., Ogren,L., Talamantes,F. Mammary gland differentiation in hypophysectomized, pregnant mice treated with corticosterone and thyroxine. Biol.Reprod. 1992; 47(--):676-682. >>> Corticosterone; Cyclodextrin; SC; mice (pregnant); 2001; no duration posted; controls received mp w/ vehicle, sham operation or no treatment; vehicle was Molecusol.

P2271 Fragman,S., Harnik,M., Peleg,E., Zamir,N., Rosenthal,T. The hypertensinogenic activity of 18,19-dihydroxycorticosterone in adrenalectomized rats. Am.J.Hypertens. 1992; 5(--):399-401. >>> Aldosterone; Corticosterone, dihydroxy-; Propylene glycol; SC; rat; 2002; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy).

P2032 Petitte,J.N., Etches,R.J. Daily infusion of corticosterone and reproductive function in the domestic hen (Gallus domesticus). Gen.Comp.Endocrinol. 1991; 83(-3-):397-405. >>> Corticosterone; PEG 400; SC; bird (chicken); 2ML2; 2ML4; 14 days; dose-response; pulsed delivery achieved by externalizing PE-60 catheter from pump. Catheter could be disconnected at will for intermittent delivery: 10 hr on/14 hr off, 4 hr on/20 hr off, 24 hr on/0 hr off (pg 398-399).

P1649 Gomez-Sanchez,E.P., Venkataraman,M.T., Thwaites,D., Fort,C. ICV infusion of corticosterone antagonizes ICV-aldosterone hypertension. Am.J.Physiol. 1990; 258(-21-):E649-E653. >>> Aldosterone; RU-26988; Corticosterone; CSF, artificial; Propylene glycol; CSF/CNS; rat; 2002; 28 days; dose-response (graph); pump replaced at 2 weeks; propylene glycol at 2%.

P1849 Brown,G., Douglas,J. Effect of angiotensin II infusion in rats on Na, K-ATPase activity in renal cortical microsomal preparations. Arch.Biochem.Biophys. 1989; 275(-1-):236-243. >>> Angiotensin II; Corticosterone; Acetic acid; PEG 400; IP; rat; 24, 72 hours; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy); peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2) placed IP.

P1429 Rosenthal,T., Shani,M., Peleg,E., Harnik,M. The hypertensinogenic activity of 18-hydroxy-19-norcorticosterone in the adrenalectomized rat. Am.J.Hypertens. 1988; 1(-3-):49S-51S. >>> Aldosterone, 18-; Hydroxy-19-norcorticosterone; Hydroxycortisone, 18-; Propylene glycol; SC; rat; 2002; 2 weeks; hc and aldo administered concomitantly.

P1265 Jones,R.B., Beuving,G., Blokhuis,H.J. Tonic immobility and Heterophil/lymphocyte responses of the domestic fowl to corticosterone infusion. Physiol.Behav. 1988; 42(-3-):249-253. >>> Corticosterone; PEG 400; SC; bird (chicken); 2ML2; 11 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; dose-response; functionality of mp verified by previous studies.

P1139 John,T.M., Viswanathan,M., Etches,R.J., Pilo,B., George,J.C. Influence of corticosterone infusion on plasma levels of catecholamines, thyroid hormones, and certain metabolites in laying hens. Poult.Sci. 1987; 66(-6-):1059-1063. >>> Corticosterone; PEG 400; SC; bird (chicken); 14/28 days; Pump model not stated; controls received mp w/ vehicle.

P1003 Mann,D.R., Free,C., Nelson,C., Scott,C., Collins,D.C. Mutually independent effects of adrenocorticotropin on luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion. Endocrinology 1987; 120(--):1542-1550. >>> ACTH(1-24); Corticosterone; Propylene glycol; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 2ML1; 72/96 hours; controls received mp w/vehicle; peptides; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy).

P1202 Powell,P.C., Davison,T.F. Induction of Marek's disease in vaccinated chickens by treatment with betamethasone or corticosterone. Isr.J.Vet.Med. 1986; 42(-2-):73-78. >>> Corticosterone; SC; bird (chicken); 14 days; Pump model not stated; controls received saline injections; concomitant cyclophosphamide injections; immunology.

P0850 McEwen,B.S., Lambdin,L.T., Rainbow,T.C., De Nicola,A.F. Aldosterone effects on salt appetite in adrenalectomized rats. Neuroendocrinology 1986; 43(--):38-43. >>> Aldosterone, d-; RU-28313; Corticosterone; Propylene glycol; SC; rat; 2001; 2-3 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; hypertension; 3 doses of aldosterone infused; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy); RU-28313 is an antimineralcorticoid.

P0731 Devenport,L.D., Goodwin,K.G., Hopkins,P.M. Continuous infusion of aldosterone: correlates of body weight gain. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 1985; 22(--):707-709. >>> Corticosterone; PEG; SC; rat; 2002; no duration posted; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy); controls received sham pumps; varied doses of aldosterone administered in combination w/ mp infusion; mp delivery failure? (see pg. 707).

P0710 Mills,D.E., Woods,R.B. Interaction of prolactin with adrenal hormones in blood pressure regulation in rats. Am.J.Physiol. 1985; 249(--):E614-E618. >>> Corticosterone; Epinephrine; Norepinephrine; Prolactin, ovine; Ethanol; Sodium chloride; Water; IP; rat; 2001; 7 days; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy); separate and simultaneous infusion of agents; multiple pumps per animal (2) for CORT; hypertension; controls received mp w/NaCl; peptides.

P0709 Fukushima,M., Lupien,J., Bray,G.A. Interaction of light and corticosterone on food intake and brown adipose tissue of the rat. Am.J.Physiol. 1985; 249(--):R753-R757. >>> Corticosterone; Propylene glycol; Saline; rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; comparison of ip injection vs. mp infusion; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy); mp functionality (rates) verified in vitro prior to study.

P0656 van Zon,A.A.J.C., Eling,W.M.C., Schetters,T.P.M., Hermsen,C.C. ACTH-dependent modulation of malaria immunity in mice. Parasite Immunol. 1985; 7(-2-):107-117. >>> Cosyntropin; Corticosterone; Dexamethasone; Hank's solution; HEPES solution; PEG; SC; mice; 2002; no duration posted; comparison of agents effects; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy); tetracosactrin (cosyntropin) is a synthetic ACTH analog; dose-response data; immunology.

P0612 Phillips,R., Crock,C., Funder,J. Effect of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids on compensatory adrenal growth in rats. Am.J.Physiol. 1985; 248(-4-):E450-E456. >>> Aldosterone; Fluorocortisol acetate, 9a-; Corticosterone; Deoxycorticosterone; Dexamethasone; Ethanol; Propylene glycol; Water; SC; rat; 3 days; replacement therapy (unilateral adrenalectomy); each mp used twice, 3 days in one animal, then 3 days in another; cannot tell if stability/concentration of ald. determined by RIA before or after exp.

P0566 Will,P.C., Cortright,R.N., DeLisle,R.C., Douglas,J.G., Hopfer,U. Regulation of amiloride-sensitive electrogenic sodium transport in the rat colon by steroid hormones. Am.J.Physiol. 1985; 248(-1-):G124-G132. >>> Aldosterone; Corticosterone; Dexamethasone phosphate; Estradiol, 17B-; Progesterone; Testosterone; PEG 400; PEG 600; IP; rat; 1701; 2001; 3-8 days; comparison of agents effects; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy&ovariectomy); controls received mp with solvent or glass rods of mp size; no stress implied G125, weight regained; functionality of mp verified.

P0194 Komanicky,P., Melby,J.C. Hypertensinogenic potencies of aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone in the rat. Hypertension 1982; 4(-1-):140-145. >>> Aldosterone acetate; Deoxycorticosterone acetate; Ethanol; Propylene glycol; Water; SC; rat; 1701; 3 weeks; additional pump implanted after 7 and 14 days adjacent to the 'spent' pumps.

P0182 Carroll,J., Komanicky,P., Melby,J.C. The relationship between plasma 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone levels and production of hypertension in the rat. J.Steroid Biochem. 1981; 14(--):989-995. >>> Deoxycorticosterone, 18-OH-; Deoxycorticosterone acetate, 11-; Ethanol; Propylene glycol; Water; SC; rat; 3 weeks/ 2 days; pumps replaced on days 7&14 in Exp. 1.

P0140 Carroll,J., Komanicky,P., Melby,J.C. 5a-dihydro-11-deoxycorticosterone: effect on blood pressure in the rat. Steroids 1981; 37(-1-):111-120. >>> Deoxycorticosterone acetate; Deoxycorticosterone acetate, 11-; Deoxycorticosterone, 5a-dihydro-; Deoxycorticosterone, 5a-dihydro-11-; Ethanol; Propylene glycol; SC; rat; 7 days; no comment posted.

P0061 Will,P.C., Cortright,R.N., Hopfer,U. Polyethylene glycols as solvents in implantable osmotic pumps. J.Pharm.Sci. 1980; 69(-6-):747-749. >>> Aldosterone; Corticosterone; Deoxycorticosterone acetate; Dexamethasone acetate; Estradiol, 17B-; Hydrocortisone; Progesterone; Spironolactone; Testosterone; PEG; PEG 400; PEG 600; IP; rat; 1701; no duration posted; 3-7 days aldosterone, 6 days PEG only; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy).

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2. Cortisol

P7146 Martinez,A.S., Cutler,C.P., Wilson,G.D., Phillips,C., Hazon,N., Cramb,G. Regulation of expression of two aquaporin homologs in the intestine of the European eel: effects of seawater acclimation and cortisol treatment. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2005; 288(-6-):R1733-R1743. >>> Cortisol; Cyclodextrin, beta; IP; Fish (eel); 1003D; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cortisol plasma levels; yellow/silver eels with an ambient temp. of 5-14 degrees celsius, 30 degrees celsius Cyclodextrin used; pumps implanted IP; per contact with author.

P7143 Martinez,A.S., Cutler,C.P., Wilson,G.D., Phillips,C., Hazon,N., Cramb,G. Cloning and expression of three aquaporin homologues from the European eel (Anguilla anguilla): effects of seawater acclimation and cortisol treatment on renal expression. Biology of the Cell 2005; 97(-8-):615-627. >>> Cortisol; Cyclodextrin, beta; IP; Fish (eel); 1003D; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by cortisol plasma levels; pumps implanted IP per contact with author.

P6093 Metz,J.R., van den Burg,E.H., Bonga,S.E.W., Flik,G. Regulation of branchial Na+/K+-ATPase in common carp Cyptinus carpio L . acclimated to different temperatures. Journal of Experimental Biology 2003; 206(-13-):2273-2280. >>> Cortisol; Cyclodextrin, beta; IP; Fish (carp); 1007D; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by cortisol plasma levels taken; "this approach was used instead of cortisol injection, which evokes stress responses due to repetitive handling..." (p. 2275).

P5333 Pacak,K., Tjurmina,O., Palkovits,M., Goldstein,D.S., Koch,C.A., Hoff,T., Chrousos,G.P. Chronic hypercortisolemia inhibits dopamine synthesis and turnover in the nucleus accumbens: An in vivo microdialysis study. Neuroendocrinology 2002; 76(-3-):148-157. >>> Cortisol; SC; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline.

P3347 Wolfovitz,E., Pacak,K., Abassi,Z., Kopin,I.J., Goldstein,D.S. Effects of hypercortisolemia or hyperinsulinemia on neurochemical indices of catecholamine release and synthesis in conscious rats. J.Auton.Nerv.Syst. 1995; 54(--):104-112. >>> Cortisol; Saline; SC; rat; 1 week; controls received mp w/saline.

P3326 Pacak,K., Palkovits,M., Kvetnansky,R., Matern,P., Hart,C., Kopin,I.J., Goldstein,D.S. Cathecholaminergic inhibition by hypercortisolemia in the paraventricular nucleus of conscious rats. Endocrinology 1995; 136(-11-):4814-4819. >>> Cortisol; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/saline.

P2851 Sangild,P.T., Sjostrom,H., Noren,O., Fowden,A.L., Silver,M. The prenatal development and glucocorticoid control of brush-border hydrolases in the pig small intestine. Pediatr.Res. 1995; 37(-2-):207-212. >>> Cortisol; Saline; SC; pig (fetus); 2001; 6 days; controls received mp with saline; after surgery fetuses received 50 mg of ampicillin into the amniotic cavity; sows maintained on antibiotics 3-4 days after surgery.

P2823 Popnikolov,N.K., Yang,J., Guzman,R.C., Swanson,S.M., Thordarson,G., Collins,G., Talamantes,F., Nandi,S. In vivo growth stimulation of collagen gel embedded normal human and mouse primary mammary epithelial cells. J.Cell.Physiology 1995; 163(--):51-60. >>> Epidermal growth factor; Cortisol; Toxin, cholera; Uridine, bromodeoxy-;; Medium 199;; SC; gel;; mice (nude);; 1003D;; 3 days;; peptides; "tissue perfusion" -- gel containing human mammary epithelial cells was infused; estradiol, progesterone, and cholesterol combinations administered via silastic capsules EGF cholera toxin and hydrocortisone stimulated DNA synthesis substantially with the greatest response seen in the gel proximal to the pump: local delivery appears to be superior to injection;.

P2997 Shrimpton,J.M., Randall,D.J. Downregulation of corticosteroid receptors in gills of coho salmon due to stress and cortisol treatment. Am.J.Physiol. 1994; 267(-36-):R432-R438. >>> Cortisol, 21-hemisuccinate; Saline; Cyclodextrin; IP; fish; 18 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle or no surgery; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; comparison of ip injections and daily handling vs. mp; no stress (see pg. R433); stability verified for 18 days at 7.5 degrees C; only chronic infusion resulted in reduction of corticosteroid receptor number and affinity; cyclodextrin was Molecusol HBP.

P2957 Sangild,P.T., Hilsted,L., Nexo,E., Fowden,A.L., Silver,M. Secretion of acid, gastrin, and cobalamin-binding proteins by the fetal pig stomach: developmental regulation by cortisol. Exp.Physiology 1994; 79(--):135-146. >>> Cortisol; SC; pig (fetus); 2001; 6 days; controls received mp with saline or no operation; mp implanted just behind ribs; ampicillin given via amniotic fluid.

P2956 Sangild,P.T., Silver,M., Fowden,A.L., Turvey,A., Foltmann,B. Adrenocortical stimulation of stomach development in the prenatal pig. Biol.Neonate 1994; 65(--):378-389. >>> Cortisol; ACTH(1-24); Saline; SC; pig (fetus); 2001; 6 days; controls received mp with saline; peptides.

P2955 Sangild,P.T., Westrom,B.R., Fowden,A.L., Silver,M. Developmental regulation of the porcine exocrine pancreas by glucocorticoids. J.Pediatr.Gastroenterology and Nutrition 1994; 19(--):204-212. >>> Cortisol; ACTH; Saline; SC; pig (fetus); 2001; 6 days; controls received mp with saline; peptides; no stress: mp was generally well tolerated; the cortisol used was hydrocortisone hemisuccinate.

P3238 Lobo,M.J., Remesar,X., Alemany,M. Effect of chronic intravenous injection of steroid hormones on body weight and composition of female rats. Biochem.Molec.Biol.Intl. 1993; 29(-2-):349-358. >>> Progesterone; Cortisol; Cortisone; Corticosterone; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Androstenedione, 4-; Androstendiol, 5-; Testosterone; Nortestosterone, 19-; Estradiol, B-; Estrone; Estriol; Deoxycorticosterone; PEG 400; IV (lower cava); rat; 2002; 15 days; controls received mp with PEG; no stress (see pg. 351); pumps placed into peritoneal cavity and sutured to musculature; surgical wound sprinkled with sulphathiazol.

P3216 Kvetnansky,R., Fukuhara,K., Pacak,K., Cizza,G., Goldstein,D.S., Kopin,I.J. Endogenous glucocorticoids restrain catecholamine synthesis and release at rest and during immobilization stress in rats. Endocrinology 1993; 133(-3-):1411-1419. >>> Cortisol; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; no comment posted.

P2903 Pacak,K., Kvetnansky,R., Palkovits,M., Fukuhara,K., Yadid,G., Kopin,I.J., Goldstein,D.S. Adrenalectomy augments in vivo release of norepinephrine in the paraventricular nucleus during immobilization stress. Endocrinology 1993; 133(--):1404-1410. >>> Cortisol; Saline; SC; rat; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp with vehicle or sham operation; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy).

P2405 Pacak,K., Armando,I., Komoly,S., Fukuhara,K., Weise,V.K., Holmes,C., Kopin,I.J., Goldstein,D.S. Hypercortisolemia inhibits yohimbine-induced release of norepinephrine in the posterolateral hypothalamus of conscious rats. Endocrinology 1992; 131(-3-):1369-1376. >>> Cortisol; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; microdialysis.

P2025 Teicher,B.A., Sotomayor,E.A., Huang,Z.D. Antiangiogenic agents potentiate cytotoxic cancer therapies against primary and metastatic disease. Cancer Res. 1992; 52(--):6702-6704. >>> Cyclodextrin-beta tetradecasulfate; Cortisol, tetrahydro-; SC; mice; 2002; 14 days; cancer.

P2682 Chatterton,R.T., Kazer,R.R., Rebar,R.W. Depletion of luteal phase serum progesterone during constant infusion of cortisol phosphate in the cynomolgus monkey. Fertil.Steril. 1991; 56(-3-):547-554. >>> Cortisol 21-phosphate; Saline; SC; monkey; 2001; 2ML2; 8 weeks; controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by plasma level assay; pumps replaced every 7 or 14 days.

P2594 Andersen,D.E., Reid,S.D., Moon,T.W., Perry,S.F. Metabolic effects associated with chronically elevated cortisol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci. 1991; 48(-9-):1811-1817. >>> Cortisol; Cyclodextrin, B-; IA (dorsal aorta); fish (rainbow trout); 2001; 10-14 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle or sham operation; functionality of mp verified by RIA of plasma levels; stress from surgery caused hyperglycemia (p.816) for 22 hours; "Mini-osmotic pumps. . .were an effective method for chronically elevating cortisol titers in trout."; Molecusol HBP is a beta-cyclodextrin.

P1548 Szemeredi,K., Zukowska-Groject,Z., Bagdy,G., Fekete,M.I., Kopin,J. Opposite effects of chronic cortisol treatment on pre- and postsynaptic actions of clonidine in pithed rats. J.Auton.Pharmac. 1989; 9(--):35-43. >>> Cortisol; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; dose-response; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels.

P1303 Szemeredi,K., Bagdy,G., Stull,R., Calogero,A.E., Kopin,I.J., Goldstein,D.S. Sympathoadrenomedullary inhibition by chronic glucocorticoid treatment in conscious rats. Endocrinology 1988; 123(-5-):2585-2590. >>> Cortisol; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; dose-response; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels.

P1269 Elam,M.B., Simkevich,C.P., Solomon,S.S., Wilcox,H.G., Heimberg,M. Stimulation of in vitro triglyceride synthesis in the rat hepatocyte by growth hormone treatment in vivo. Endocrinology 1988; 122(-4-):1397-1402. >>> Cortisol; Growth hormone, human; Triiodothyronine; Sodium hydroxide; Saline; SC; rat; 7, 14 days; pump model not stated; male rats infused for 7 days, females for 14; agents infused separately; replacement therapy (hypophysectomy); peptides.

P0612 Phillips,R., Crock,C., Funder,J. Effect of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids on compensatory adrenal growth in rats. Am.J.Physiol. 1985; 248(-4-):E450-E456. >>> Aldosterone; Fluorocortisol acetate, 9a-; Corticosterone; Deoxycorticosterone; Dexamethasone; Ethanol; Propylene glycol; Water; SC; rat; 3 days; replacement therapy (unilateral adrenalectomy); each mp used twice, 3 days in one animal, then 3 days in another; cannot tell if stability/concentration of ald. determined by RIA before or after exp.

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