References on the Administration of Antihypertensives
Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

1. Atenolol

P6925 van Brakel,T.J., Hermans,J.J.R., Janssen,B.J., van Essen,H., Botterhuis,N., Smits,J.F.M., Maessen,J.G. Intrapericardial delivery enhances cardiac effects of sotalol and atenolol. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2004; 44(-1-):50-56. >>> Sotalol; atenolol; Saline; IV (jugular); intrapericardial; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; 2 day recovery period prior to attaching pumps to catheters.

P4964 Shantz,L.M., Feith,D.J., Pegg,A.E. Targeted overexpression of ornithine decarboxylase enhances beta-adrenergic agonist-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Biochemical Journal 2001; 358(--):25-32. >>> Isoproterenol; Atenolol; Saline; mice; 10 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; Atenolol is a beta-1 adrenergic agonist; 1 group received isoproterenol, 1 group received isoproterenol + atenolol in the same pump..

P4913 Iaccarino,G., Barbato,E., Cipolleta,E., Esposito,A., Fiorillo,A., Koch,W.J., Trimarco,B. Cardiac beta ARK1 upregulation induced by chronic salt deprivation in rats. Hypertension 2001; 38(--):255-260. >>> Atenolol; DMSO; SC; rat; 23 days; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; DMSO was 30%; atenolol is a B-adrenergic receptor agonist; researchers have stated that 2002 pumps were used, but pumps were stated to deliver for 28 days; implantation period was 23 days in this study..

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2. Benazepril

P6345 Yagi,S., Morita,T., Katayama,S. Combined treatment with an AT1 receptor blocker and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor has an additive effect on inhibiting neointima formation via improvement of nitric oxide production and suppression of oxidative stress. HYPERTENSION RESEARCH 2004; 27(-2-):129-135. >>> Valsartan; benazepril; Potassium hydroxide; HCL; SC; Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p131); pump model not stated.

P6612 Mizukami,M., Hasegawa,H., Kohro,T., Toko,H., Kudoh,T., Zou,Y.Z., Aburatani,H., Komuro,I. Gene expression profile revealed different effects of angiotensin II receptor blockade and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on heart failure. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2003; 42(--):S1-S6. >>> Benazepril; candesartan; SC; Rat; 2ML4; ; Blood pressure taken.

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3. Benazeprilat

P4059 Webb,R.L., Barclay,B.W., Navarrete,A.E., Wosu,N.J., Sahota,P. Protective effects of valsartan and benazeprilat in salt-loaded stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin.Exp.Hypertens. 1998; 20(-7-):775-793. >>> Valsartan; Benazeprilat; NaOH; SC; rat; 2ML2; 9.5 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; long-term study, pumps replaced every 2 weeks; radiotelemetric devices implanted concomitantly for blood pressure and heart rate measurement; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral).

P3939 Webb,R.L., Navarrete,A.E., Davis,S. Effects of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination on blood pressure and heart rate in conscious-telemetered spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Am.J.Hypertens. 1998; 11(--):59-65. >>> Valsartan; Hydrochlorothiazide; Benazeprilat; NaOH; SC; rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume and plasma assays; dose-response; stability verified by pilot expt; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; agents administered alone and in combination.

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4. Bendroflumethiazide

P2385 Lunau,H.E., Bak,M., Petersen,J.S., Shalmi,M., Marcussen,N., Christensen,S. Renal adaptations to continuous administration of furosemide and bendroflumethiazide in rats. Pharmacol.Toxicol. 1994; 74(--):216-222. >>> Bendroflumethiazide; Furosemide; Lithium citrate; Ethanolamine; IP; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; antihypertensive.

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5. Bisoprolol

P3796 Hamada,H., Hakamata,N., Ohsuzu,F., Nakamura,H. Age-related effects of norepinephrine on rat ventricular hypertrophy. Jpn.Heart J. 1997; 38(-3-):433-443. >>> Norepinephrine HCl; Norepinephrine bitartrate; Bunazosin; Bisoprolol; SC; rat; 2002; 7, 14 days; controls received mp w/saline or norepinephrine; dose-response; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; 2 pumps implanted in each animal.

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6. Bunazosin

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7. Candesartan

P8328 Padia,S.H., Kemp,B.A., Howell,N.L., Siragy,H.M., Fournie-Zaluski,M.C., Roques,B.P., Carey,R.M. Intrarenal aminopeptidase N inhibition augments natriuretic responses to angiotensin III in angiotensin type 1 receptor-blocked rats. Hypertension 2007; 49(-3-):625-630. >>> Candesartan; SC; Rat; 2001D; 24 hours; Cardiovascular; animal info (Sprague-Dawley, 250 grams).

P8263 Nishimura,M., Takahashi,H., Yoshimura,M. Upregulation of the brain renin-angiotensin system in rats with chronic renal failure. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA 2007; 189(-4-):369-377. >>> Candesartan; CSF, artificial; IV (jugular); CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (subtotal nephrectomy, dorsal rhizotomy); antihypertensive; cyanoacrylate adhesive; animal info (male, SHR/Izumo, 8 wks old, 300-350g.); ATI receptor antagonist.

P8182 Eskild-Jensen,A., Thomsen,K., Rungo,C., Ferreira,L.S., Paulsen,L.F., Rawashdeh,Y.F., Nyengaard,J.R., Nielsen,S., Djurhuus,J.C., Frokiaer,J. Glomerular and tubular function during AT1 receptor blockade in pigs with neonatal induced partial ureteropelvic obstruction. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2007; 292(-3-):921-929. >>> Candesartan; Saline, physiological; SC; Pig (neonate); 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. F923); animal info (female, Danish Landrace; 2, 23 days old); congenital urinary tract obstruction model.

P8086 de Borst,M.H., van Timmeren,M.M., Vaidya,V.S., de Boer,R.A., van Dalen,M.B.A., Kramer,A.B., Schuurs,T.A., Bonventre,J.V., Navis,G., van Goor,H. Induction of kidney injury molecule-1 in homozygous Ren2 rats is attenuated by blockade of the renin-angiotensin system or p38 MAP kinase. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2007; 292(-1-):F313-F320. >>> Candesartan; SB-239063; Saline; water; PEG 400; NaHC03; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2004; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received no treatment; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; enzyme inhibitor (p38 MAP Kinase); animal info (male, TGR (mRen2) 27, 7 wks old, male, Sprague-Dawley); 0.1% DMSO.

P8202 Hamai,M., Iwai,M., Ide,A., Tomochika,H., Tomono,Y., Mogi,M., Horiuchi,M. Comparison of inhibitory action of candesartan and enalapril on brain ischemia through inhibition of oxidative stress. Neuropharmacology 2006; 51(-4-):822-828. >>> Candesartan; enalapril; IP; Mice; 1002; 10 days; Dose-response (fig.1); cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral, induced by MCAO); animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 10 wks old); neurology.

P8000 Turban,S., Beutler,T., Morris,R.G., Masilamani,S., Fenton,R.A., Knepper,M.A., Packer,R.K. Long-term regulation of proximal tubule acid-base transporter abundance by angiotensin II. Kidney International 2006; 70(-4-):660-668. >>> Candesartan; angiotensin II; lisinopril; Saline; SC; Rat; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 224-250 grams).

P7933 Zhou,J., Pavel,J., Macova,M., Yu,Z.X., Imboden,H., Ge,L., Nishioku,T., Dou,J.T., Delgiacco,E., Saavedra,J.M. AT1 receptor blockade regulates the local angiotensin II system in cerebral microvessels from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke 2006; 37(-5-):1271-1276. >>> Candesartan; SC; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (SHR, Wistar Kyoto, 12 weeks old, 250-320 grams).

P7918 Saavedra,J.M., Armando,I., Bregonzio,C., Juorio,A., Macova,M., Pavel,J., Sanchez-Lemus,E. A centrally acting, anxiolytic angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonist prevents the isolation stress-induced decrease in cortical CRF1 receptor and benzodiazepine binding. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 31(-6-):1123-1134. >>> Candesartan; Saline; sodium carbonate; SC; CSF/CNS; Rat; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Wistar, 8 weeks old).

P7883 Jensen,A.M., Li,C.L., Praetorius,H.A., Norregaard,R., Frische,S., Knepper,M.A., Nielsen,S., Frokiaer,J. Angiotensin II mediates downregulation of aquaporin water channels and key renal sodium transporters in response to urinary tract obstruction. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2006; 291(-5-):F1021-F1032. >>> Candesartan; Saline, physiological; Na2C03; SC; Rat; 2001; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Munich-Wistar, 240g.); mp primed overnight in 37 celsius saline.

P7833 Zhang,C.T., Yasuno,S., Kuwahara,K., Zankov,D.P., Kobori,A., Makiyama,T., Horie,M. Blockade of angiotensin II type 1 receptor improves the arrhythmia morbidity in mice with left ventricular hypertrophy. CIRCULATION JOURNAL 2006; 70(-3-):335-341. >>> Candesartan; SC; Mice; 1002; 2, 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (table 1); no stress (see pg. 336); cardiovascular; animal info (C57BL/6, 24-27g., 11-12 wk. old, male, transverse aorta constriction).

P7356 Dendorfer,A., Dominiak,P., Tempel,K., Raasch,W. Peripheral sympatholytic actions of four AT1 antagonists: are they relevant for-long-term antihypertensive efficacy?. Journal of Hypertension 2005; 23(-10-):1861-1867. >>> Candesartan; losartan; eprosartan; irbesartan; NaOH; IP; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by blood pressure taken; dose-response (fig. 1); cardiovascular; antihypertensive; animal info (male, SHR, 10 wk old, 250-280 g).

P7297 Cairns,M.J., Burns,P., Di Nicolantonio,R., McKinley,M.J., Mathai,M.L. Influence of brain angiotensin on thermoregulation and hydromineral balance during pregnancy in rats. Journal of Applied Physiology 2005; 98(-5-):1813-1819. >>> Candesartan; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat (pregnant); 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or no treatment; no stress (see pg. 1815); post op. care (aspirin, sucrose water); mp primed; AT1 receptor antagonist.

P7127 Kwon,T.H., Nielsen,J., Knepper,M.A., Frokiaer,J., Nielsen,S. Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade decreases vasopressin-induced water reabsorption and AQP2 levels in NaCl-restricted rats. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2005; 288(-4-):F673-F684. >>> Vasopressin, 1-deamino-8-D-arginine; candesartan; Saline, physiological; Na2CO3; SC; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; multiple pumps per animal (2); mp primed 4 hours in 37 degrees celsius saline.

P7085 Ando,H., Zhou,J., Macova,M., Imboden,H., Saavedra,J.M. Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade reverses pathological hypertrophy and inflammation in brain microvessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke 2004; 35(-7-):1726-1731. >>> Candesartan; Sodium carbonate; SC; Rat; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral).

P6988 de Boer,R.A., Pokharel,S., Flesch,M., van Kampen,D.A., Suurmeijer,A.J.H., Boomsma,F., van Gilst,W.H., van Veldhuisen,D.J., Pinto,Y.M. Extracellular signal regulated kinase and SMAD signaling both mediate the angiotensin II driven progression towards overt heart failure in homozygous TGR(mRen2)27. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM 2004; 82(-10-):678-687. >>> Candesartan; tyrphostin A46; SB 239063; Saline; water; NaHCO3; PEG; DMSO; SC; IP; Rat; 2004; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ placebo agent; enzyme inhibitor (p38 MAP kinase, EGFR tyrosine kinase); tyrphostin is a.k.a AG-490.

P6781 Wamsley-Davis,A., Padda,R., Truong,L.D., Tsao,C.C., Zhang,P., Sheikh-Hamad,D. AT1A-mediated activation of kidney JNK1 and SMAD2 in obstructive uropathy: preservation of kidney tissue mass using candesartan. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2004; 287(-3-):F474-F480. >>> Candesartan; losartan; SC; Rat; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; AT-1A receptor antagonist.

P6578 Zou,Y.Z., Akazawa,H., Qin,Y.J., Sano,M., Takano,H., Minamino,T., Makita,N., Iwanaga,K., Zhu,W.D., Kudoh,S., Toko,H., Tamura,K., Kihara,M., Nagai,T., Fukamizu,A., Umemura,S., Iiri,T., Fujita,T., Komuro,I. Mechanical stress activates angiotensin II type 1 receptor without the involvement of angiotensin II. NATURE CELL BIOLOGY 2004; 6(-6-):499-506. >>> Candesartan; SC; Mice; 3,17 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; cardiovascular.

P6449 Kusaka,I., Kusaka,G., Zhou,C., Ishikawa,M., Nanda,A., Granger,D.N., Zhang,J.H., Tang,J.P. Role of AT1 receptors and NAD(P)H oxidase in diabetes-aggravated ischemic brain injury. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2004; 286(-6-):H2442-H2451. >>> Candesartan; SC; Rat; 14 days; Ischemia (cerebral); diabetes; no side effects of minipump placement were noticed; pump model not listed.

P6577 de Borst,M.H., Navis,G., de Boer,R.A., Huitema,S., Vis,L.M., van Gilst,W.H., van Goor,H. Specific MAP-kinase blockade protects against renal damage in homozygous TGR(mRen2)27 rats. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION 2003; 83(-12-):1761-1770. >>> Candesartan; tyrphostin A46; SB 239063; Saline; sodium carbonate; DMSO; water; PEG 400; SC; IP; Rat; 2004; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received no treatment; enzyme inhibitor (map-kinase, FGF-R); 0.01% DMSO for tyrphostin; 0.1% DMSO for SB 239063; tyrphostin is a.k.a AG-490.

P6082 Hayashi,T., Sohmiya,K., Ukimura,A., Endoh,S., Mori,T., Shimomura,H., Okabe,M., Terasaki,F., Kitaura,Y. Angiotensin II receptor blockade prevents microangiopathy and preserves diastolic function in the diabetic rat heart. HEART 2003; 89(-10-):1236-1242. >>> Candesartan; IP; Rat; 2002; 6 weeks; Long-term study; pumps replaced every two weeks; diabetes.

P5763 Beutler,K.T., Masilamani,S., Turban,S., Nielsen,J., Brooks,H.L., Ageloff,S., Fenton,R.A., Packer,R.K., Knepper,M.A. Long-term regulation of ENaC expression in kidney by angiotensin II. Hypertension 2003; 41(-5-):1143-1150. >>> Candesartan; Angiotensin II; lisinopril; Saline; sodium carbonate; SC; Rat; 2,3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (angiotensin-converting enzyme); Angiotensis II and lisinopril infused together for 3 days in the same pump.

P5687 Jezova,M., Armando,I., Bregonzio,C., Yu,Z.X., Qian,S.J., Ferrans,V.J., Imboden,H., Saavedra,J.M. Angiotensin II AT(1) and AT(2) receptors contribute to maintain basal adrenomedullary norepinephrine synthesis and tyrosine hydroxylase tran scription. Endocrinology 2003; 144(-5-):2092-2101. >>> Candesartan; PD123319; Saline; sodium carbonate; SC; Rat; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; AT receptor antagonists.

P5620 Yamakawa,H., Jezova,M., Ando,H., Saavedra,J.M. Normalization of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in brain microvessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats by angiotensin II AT(1) receptor inhibition. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2003; 23(-3-):371-380. >>> Candesartan; Sodium carbonate; SC; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp/w vehicle; antihypertensive; Candesartan is an AT1 antagonist..

P6145 Itoh,M., Takeishi,Y., Nakada,S., Miyamoto,T., Tsunoda,Y., Takahashi,H., Kubota,I., Tomoike,H. Long-term treatment with angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist, CV -11974, restores beta-catenin mRNA expression in volume-overloaded rab bit hearts. Heart and Vessels 2002; 17(-1-):36-41. >>> Candesartan; Saline; SC; Rabbit; 6 weeks; Cardiovascular; CV-11974 (candesartan) is an (AT1RA); pump model not stated.

P5964 Naito,Y., Tsujino,T., Fujioka,Y., Ohyanagi,M., Iwasaki,T. Augmented diurnal variations of the cardiac renin-angiotensin system i n hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2002; 40(-6-):827-833. >>> Candesartan; SC; Rat; 14 days; cardiovascular; no pump model given.

P5521 Armando,I., Terron,J.A., Falcon-Neri,A., Takeshi,I., Hauser,W., Inagami,T., Saavedra,J.M. Increased angiotensin II AT(1) receptor expression in paraventricular nucleus and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stimulation in AT(2) receptor gene disrupted mice. Neuroendocrinology 2002; 76(-3-):137-147. >>> Candesartan; Sodium carbonate; Saline; SC; Mice; 1002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; agent is an angiotensin II AT(1) receptor antagonist.

P5222 Zhuo,J.L., Imig,J.D., Hammond,T.G., Orengo,S., Benes,E., Navar,L.G. Ang II accumulation in rat renal endosomes during Ang II-induced hypertension: role of AT(1) receptor. Hypertension 2002/1; 39(-1-):116-121. >>> Angiotensin II; Candesartan; Rat; 13 days; Functionality of mp verified by Ang II plasma levels; cardiovascular; peptides; antihypertensive; one group received Ang II alone, one group received Ang II and Candesartan.

P5170 Knepper,Mark A., Beutler,Kathleen, Masilamani,Shyama, Nielsen,Jakob, Nielsen,Soren, Wang,Xiao Yan. Decreased abundance of collecting duct urea transporters UT-A1 and UT-A3 with ECF volume expansion. American Journal of Physiology 2002/4; 282(-4 Part 2-):F577-F584. >>> Aldosterone; Candesartan; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2 or 4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; candesartan is an Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker; animals received aldosterone for 4 days or candesartan for 2 days.

P5151 Saito,T., Fujiwara,R., Fujiwara,Y., Hasegawa,H., Kibira,S., Miura,H., Miura,M. Role of augmented expression of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in postischaemic heart. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 2002/4; 29(-4-):324-329. >>> Candesartan; IP; rat; 3 days; cardiovascular.

P4833 Armando,I., Carranza,A., Nishimura,Y., Hoe,K.L., Barontini,M., Terron,J.A., Falcon-Neri,A., Ito,T., Juorio,A.V., Saavedra,J.M. Peripheral administration of an angiotensin II AT(1) receptor antagonist decreases the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to isolation stress. Endocrinology 2001; 142(-9-):3880-3889. >>> Candesartan;; Sodium carbonate; Saline, isotonic;; SC;; rat;; 13 days;; Candesartan is an Angiotensin I receptor antagonist; Sodium carbonate vehicle was 1mo/l and further diluted in saline;.

P4762 Nishimura,Y., Ito,T., Saavedra,J.M. Angiotensin II AT1 blockade normalizes cerebrovascular autoregulation and reduces cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats.. Stroke 2000; 31(--):2478-2486. >>> Candesartan; Propranolol;; Sodium carbonate;; SC;; rat;; 3, 7, or 14 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; Candesartan is a AT1 antagonist (also called CV - 11974); ischemia (cerebral).

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8. Captopril

P6240 Martinez,L.A., Villalobos-Molina,R.V. Early and chronic captopril or losartan therapy reduces infarct size and avoids congestive heart failure after myocardial infarction in rats. Archives of Medical Research 2003; 34(-5-):357-361. >>> Captopril; losartan; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Cardiovascular; enzyme inhibitor (ACE); losartan is an AT1 receptor antagonist.

P6655 Li,X., Simard,J.M. Increase in Cx45 gap junction channels in cerebral smooth muscle cells from SHR. Hypertension 2002; 40(-6-):940-946. >>> Angiotensin II; L-NAME; captopril; SC; Rat; 4 weeks; Enzyme inhibitor (nitric oxide synthase); cardiovascular; antihypertensive.

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9. Clonidine

P6722 Quartilho,A., Mata,H.P., Ibrahim,M.M., Vanderah,T.W., Ossipov,M.H., Lai,J., Porreca,F., Malan,P.Jr. Production of paradoxical sensory hypersensitivity by alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonists. Anesthesiology 2004; 100(-6-):1538-1544. >>> Clonidine; MK-801; dexmedetomidine; idazoxan; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); SC; Rat; 2001; 6 days; Comparison of IT injections vs. IT and SC mp; idazoxan and MK-801 infused intrathecally in a separate infusion.

P5646 Parkin,M.L., Godwin,S.J., Head,G.A. Importance of imidazoline-preferring receptors in the cardiovascular actions of chronically administered moxonidine, rilmenidine and clonidine in conscious rabbits. Journal of Hypertension 2003; 21(-1-):167-178. >>> Moxonidine; clonidine; rilmenidine; Saline; HCl; Sodium hydroxide; SC; Rabbit; 2ML2; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; antihypertensive; moxonidine dissolved in saline/HCl/NaOH; other agents dissolved in saline; moxonidine&rilmenidine are imidazoline receptor agonists.

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10. Digoxin Or Digotoxin

P5253 Manunta,P., Hamilton,J., Rogowski,A.C., Hamilton,B.P., Hamlyn,J.M. Chronic hypertension induced by ouabain but not digoxin in the rat: antihypertensive effect of digoxin and digitoxin. Hypertens Res 2000/9; 23 Suppl(--):S77-S85. >>> Ouabain; Ouabagenin; Digoxin; Digotoxin; PBS; SC; Rat; 2002; 5 weeks; Controls received mp/ vehicle; functionality verified by residual volume; dose-response (p.581); pumps replaced every 14 days; antihypertensive; plasma levels of all agents verified by immunoassay; multiple pumps per animal (2) used simultaneously in one experiment.

P4750 Kimura,K., Manunta,P., Hamilton,B.P., Hamlyn,J.M. Different effects of in vivo ouabain and digoxin on renal artery function and blood pressure in the rat.. Hypertens Res 2000; 23(-Suppl-):S67-S76. >>> Ouabain; Digoxin; PBS, sterile; SC; rat; 5 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels of ouabain and digoxin; antihypertensive; ouabain and digoxin are sodium pump inhibitors.

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11. Doxazosin

P7070 Foster,HE Jr, Yono,M., Shin,D., Takahashi,W., Pouresmail,M., Afiatpour,P., Latifpour,J. Effects of chronic administration of doxazosin on alpha1-adrenoceptors in the rat prostate. Journal of Urology 2004; 172(-6-):2465-2470. >>> Doxazosin; DMSO; SC; Rat; 8,12 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (table 2); long-term study; cancer (prostatic hyperplasia); 50% DMSO; due to limitations in solubility mp was combined with oral dosing to deliver higher doses.

P6787 Yono,M., Foster,HE Jr, Shin,D., Takahashi,W., Pouresmail,M., Latifpour,J. Doxazosin treatment causes differential alterations of alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes in the rat kidney, heart and aorta. LIFE SCIENCES 2004; 75(-21-):2605-2614. >>> Doxazosin; DMSO; SC; Rat; 12 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma doxazosin levels; long-term study; antihypertensive; 50% DMSO; doxazosin supplemented orally in drinking water.

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12. Enalapril

P5889 Lamireau,D., Nuyt,A.M., Hou,X., Bernier,S., Beauchamp,M., Gobeil,F.Jr, Lahaie,I., Varma,D.R., Chemtob,S. Altered vascular function in fetal programming of hypertension. Stroke 2002; 33(-12-):2992-2998. >>> Enalaprilat; Saline; Rat (pregnant); 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (ACE).

P4975 Sawada,Y., Miyamoto,H., Ito,K., Ito,K., Wakabayashi,S., Suzaka,H., Matsuo,H., Iga,T., Sawada,Y. Comparative study of effects of angiotensin II receptor antagonist, KD 3-671, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, enalaprilat, on cough reflex in guinea pig. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 2001; 26(-1/2-):47-52. >>> Enalaprilat; PBS; SC; rabbit; 2ML4; ; controls received "dummy pump"; pumps replaced after 4 weeks; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; dummy pump implanted in controls was PVC plastic balloon of the same size and shape as pump. Enalaprilat is an Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor..

P4840 Blais,C.Jr, Lapointe,N., Rouleau,J.L., Clement,R., Gervais,N., Geadah,D., Adam,A. Effects of the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat on cardiac endogenous kinins in rats with acute myocardial infarction.. Peptides 2001; 22(--):953-962. >>> Enalapril; Omapatrilat;; Saline;; SC;; rat;; 1007D;; 5 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum ACE inhibition; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; omapatrilat is a vasopeptidase inhibitor; Enalapril is an Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor;.

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13. Enalaprilat

P3773 Laflamme,A.K.-, Oster,L., Cardinal,R., De Champlain,J. Effects of renin-angiotensin blockade on sympathetic reactivity and B-adrenergic pathway in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Hypertension 1997; 30(-pt 1-):278-287. >>> Losartan; Enalaprilat; Saline, isotonic; Sodium carbonate; Sodium bicarbonate; SC; rat; 2002; 12 days; antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

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14. Eprosartan

P7583 Chen,Y., Currie,R.W. Heat shock treatment suppresses angiotensin II-induced SP-1 and AP-1 and stimulates Oct-1 DNA-binding activity in heart. INFLAMMATION RESEARCH 2005; 54(-8-):338-343. >>> Angiotensin II; eprosartan; norepinephrine; Saline; SC; IP; IV (jugular); Rat; 2001; 2ML2; 3, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or sham HS surgery; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley 280-310 g).

P7557 Karram,T., Abbasi,A., Keidar,S., Golomb,E., Hochberg,I., Winaver,J., Hoffman,A., Abassi,Z. Effects of spironolactone and eprosartan on cardiac remodeling and angiotensin-converting enzyme isoforms in rats with experimental heart failure. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2005; 289(-4-):H1351-H1358. >>> Spironolactone; eprosartan; PEG 400; sodium bicarbonate; IP; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 14, 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels (H1353); cardiovascular; animal info (male, Wistar 300 g); aldosterone antagonist; ANG II receptor antagonist; therapeutic treatment (congestive heart failure).

P6492 Chen,Y., Ross,B.M., Currie,R.W. Heat shock treatment protects against angiotensin II-induced hypertension and inflammation in aorta. CELL STRESS&CHAPERONES 2004; 9(-1-):99-107. >>> Angiotensin II; eprosartan; norepinephrine; Saline; SC; IP; IV (vena cava); Rat; 2001; 2002; 2ML2; 1,3,5,7,11,14 days; Controls received empty mp for 7 days; functionality of mp verified by SBP; cardiovascular; peptides.

P6372 Behr,T.M., Willette,R.N., Coatney,R.W., Berova,M., Angermann,C.E., Anderson,K., Sackner-Bernstein,J.D., Barone,F.C. Eprosartan improves cardiac performance, reduces cardiac hypertrophy and mortality and downregulates myocardial monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and inflammation in hypertensive heart disease. Journal of Hypertension 2004; 22(-3-):583-592. >>> Eprosartan; Saline; IP; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

P5237 Abrahamsen,C.T., Barone,F.C., Campbell,W.G.,Jr., Nelson,A.H., Contino,L.C., Pullen,M.A., Grygielko,E.T., Edwards,R.M., Laping,N.J., Brooks,D.P. The angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist, eprosartan, attenuates the progression of renal disease in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats with accelerated hypertension. J Pharmacol Exp.Ther. 2002; 301(-1-):21-28. >>> Eprosartan; IP; Rat; 2ML4; 12 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study. pumps replaced every 28 days; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist; ischemia.

P4945 Rothermund,L., Pinto,Y.M., Vetter,R., Herfort,N., Kossmehl,P., Neumayer,H.H., Paul,M., Kreutz,R. Effects of angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor blockade on cardiac fibrosis and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling in hypertensive transgenic rats overexpressing the Ren2 gene. Journal of Hypertension 2001; 19(--):1465-1472. >>> Eprosartan; Saline; IP; rat; 2ML4; 20 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study, pumps replaced every 4 weeks; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; Eprosartan is an Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor antagonist, given at antihypertensive (6 mg/kg/day) or hypertensive (60 mg/kg/day) doses..

P4061 Brodsky,S., Gurbanov,K., Abassi,Z., Hoffman,A., Ruffolo Jr,R.R., Feuerstein,G.Z., Winaver,J. Effects of eprosartan on renal function and cardiac hypertrophy in rats with experimental heart failure. Hypertension 1998; 32(--):746-752. >>> Eprosartan; Sodium bicarbonate; IP; rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist; antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

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15. Felodipine

P5185 Zhou,X.J., Zhou,X.J., Vaziri,N.D. Defective calcium signalling in uraemic platelets and its amelioration with long-term erythropoietin therapy. NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION 2002; 17(--):992-997. >>> Felodipine; Rat; 6 weeks; Cardiovascular; antihypertensive; calcium channel blocker.

P3960 Mervaala,E.M.A., Malmberg,L., Teravainen,T.-L., Laakso,J., Vapaatalo,H., Karppanen,H. Influence of dietary salts on the cardiovascular effects of low-dose combination of ramipril and felodipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. British J.Pharmacol. 1998; 123(--):195-204. >>> Felodipine; Water, distilled; SC; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/ NaCl; antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

P3540 Mervaala,E.M.A., Teravainen,T.-L., Malmberg,L., Laakso,J., Vapaatalo,H., Karppanen,H. Cardiovascular effects of a low-dose combination of ramipril and felodipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1997; 121(--):503-510. >>> Felodipine; SC; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/ saline; antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

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16. Furosemide

P7092 Ahn,D., Ge,Y.Q., Stricklett,P.K., Gill,P., Taylor,D., Hughes,A.K., Yanagisawa,M., Miller,L., Nelson,R.D., Kohan,D.E. Collecting duct-specific knockout of endothelia-1 causes hypertension and sodium retention. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2004; 114(-4-):504-511. >>> Furosemide; SC; Mice (transgenic); 1003D; 3 days; Antihypertensive.

P6628 Schweda,F., Kammerl,M., Wagner,C., Kraemer,B.K., Kurtz,A. Upregulation of macula densa cyclooxygenase-2 expression is not dependent on glomerular filtration. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2004; 287(-1-):F95-F101. >>> Furosemide; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 1 week.

P6584 Hoecherl,K., Kees,F., Kraemer,B.K., Kurtz,A. Cyclosporine A attenuates the natriuretic action of loop diuretics by inhibition of renal COX-2 expression. Kidney International 2004; 65(-6-):2071-2080. >>> Furosemide; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 5 days; Functionality of mp verified by serum or urine furosemide levels via HPLC.

P6544 Buffin-Meyer,B., Younes-Ibrahim,M., El Mernissi,G., Cheval,L., Marsy,S., Grima,M., Girolami,J.P., Doucet,A. Differential regulation of collecting duct Na+,K+-ATPase and K+ excretion by furosemide and piretanide: Role of bradykinin. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2004; 15(-4-):876-884. >>> Furosemide; dexmethasone; diretanide; aldosterone; Hoe140; Saline; SC; IP; Rat; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy); solution was a pH 9.0; a third group was adrenalectomized and given dexamethasone and aldosterone by a SC ALZET pump; in a fifth set of experiments Hoe140 was infused SC.

P6654 Na,K.Y., Oh,Y.K., Han,J.S., Joo,K.W., Lee,J.S., Earm,J.H., Knepper,M.A., Kim,G.H. Upregulation of Na+ transporter abundances in response to chronic thiazide or loop diuretic treatment in rats. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2003; 284(-1-):F133-F143. >>> Furosemide; hydrochlorothiazide; Ethanolamine; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by daily urine analysis; no stress (see pg. F135); antihypertensive.

P6121 Kim,G.H., Na,K.Y., Kim,S.Y., Joo,K.W., Oh,Y.K., Chae,S.W., Endou,H., Han,J.S. Up-regulation of organic anion transporter 1 protein is induced by chronic furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide infusion in rat kidney. NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION 2003; 18(-8-):1505-1511. >>> Furosemide; hydrochlorothiazide; Ethanolamine; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Agents dissolved in 1.7% ethanolamine.

P6077 Lang,H., Schulte,B.A., Schmiedt,R.A. Effects of chronic furosemide treatment and age on cell division in the adult gerbil inner ear. JARO-JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY 2003; 4(-2-):164-175. >>> Furosemide; Ear (cochlea); Gerbil; 2004; 1 week; No stress (p. 165).

P5930 Wolf,K., Meier-Meitinger,M., Bergler,T., Castrop,H., Vitzthum,H., Riegger,G.A.J., Kurtz,A., Kraemer,B.K. Parallel down-regulation of chloride channel CLC-K1 and barttin mRNA in the thin ascending limb of the rat nephron by furosemide. PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 446(-6-):665-671. >>> Furosemide; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 6 days.

P5793 Castrop,H., Klar,J., Wagner,C., Hocherl,K., Kurtz,A. General inhibition of renocortical cyclooxygenase-2 expression by the renin-angiotensin system. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2003; 284(-3-):F518-F524. >>> Furosemide; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received empy mp.

P5769 Schweda,F., Wagner,C., Kramer,B.K., Schnermann,J., Kurtz,A. Preserved macula densa-dependent renin secretion in A(1) adenosine receptor knockout mice. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2003; 284(-4-):F770-F777. >>> Furosemide; Mice (knockout); 6 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; Furosemide is a loop diuretic.

P5362 Vitzthum,H., Abt,I., Einhellig,S., Kurtz,A. Gene expression of prostanoid forming enzymes along the rat nephron. Kidney International 2002; 62(-5-):1570-1581. >>> Furosemide; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days.

P5336 Schmiedt,R.A., Lang,H.N., Okamura,H., Schulte,B.A. Effects of furosemide applied chronically to the round window: A model of metabolic presbyacusis. Journal of Neuroscience 2002; 22(-21-):9643-9650. >>> Furosemide; SC; rat; 28 days; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; enzyme inhibitor (NOS).

P5078 Castrop,H., Vitzthum,H., Schumacher,K., Schweda,F., Kurtz,A. Low tonicity mediates a downregulation of cyclooxygenase-1 expression by furosemide in the rat renal papilla. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2002; 13(--):1136-1144. >>> Furosemide; SC; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; contorls received empty pumps; furosemide is a loop diuretic.

P5829 Kallskog,O., Nygren,K., Wolgast,M. Failure of loop diuretics to improve the long term outcome of ischemic damage in rat kidneys. UPSALA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2001; 106(-2-):151-160. >>> Furosemide; DMSO; NaOH; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (p.1336); 50% DMSO used; loop diurectic; spironolactone pellets used.

P4868 Wolf,K., Castrop,H., Riegger,G.A.J., Kurtz,A., Kramer,B.K. Differential gene regulation of renal salt entry pathways by salt load in the distal nephron of the rat. PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 2001; 442(--):498-504. >>> Furosemide; SC; rat; 2ML1; 6 days; no comments posted.

P4521 Terris,J, Ecelbarger,C.A, Sands,J.M, Knepper,M.A. Long-term regulation of renal urea transporter protein expression in rat.. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 1998/5; 9(--):729-736. >>> Vasopressin, arginine; Furosemide;; Dextrose; Acetic acid; Sodium Chloride;; rat;; 2002;; 5 days;; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; peptides;.

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17. Guanabenz

P2311 Hamilton,C.A., Yakubu,M.A., Howie,C.A., Reid,J.L. Do centrally-acting antihypertensive drugs act at non-adrenergic as well as alpha-2 adrenoceptor sites?. Clin.and Exper.Hyper.-Theory and Practice 1992; A14(-5-):815-835. >>> Guanabenz; Clonidine; Rilmenidine; Water, sterile; Ethanol; IV (femoral); rabbit; 6 days; controls received mp w/ vehicles; agents are antihypertensives; mp and catheter embedded in thigh muscle; antihypertensive.

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18. Hydralazine

P6861 Fischer,J.W., Hawkins,S., Clowes,A.W. Pharmacologic inhibition of nitric oxide synthases and cyclooxygenases enhances intimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY 2004; 40(-1-):115-122. >>> Hydralazine; SC; Rat; 14 days; Controls received vehicle per gavage; cardiovascular; antihypertensive.

P5447 Ishizaka,N., Saito,K., Mitani,H., Yamazaki,I., Sata,M., Usui,S., Mori,I., Ohno,M., Nagai,R. Iron overload augments angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis and promotes neointima formation. Circulation 2002; 106(-14-):1840-1846. >>> Angiotensin II; hydralazine; losartan; norepinephrine; SC; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Antihypertensive.

P4845 Keen,H.L., Sigmund,C.D. Paradoxical regulation of short promoter human renin transgene by angiotensin II. Hypertension 2001; 37(--):403-407. >>> Angiotensin II; Hydralazine; Saline; SC; mice; 1007D; 5 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose response (graphs p. 404-405); cardiovascular; peptides; antihypertensive; Ang II infused at both a pressor and subpressor dose; Hydralazine is a peripheral vasodilator and was infused either alone or in conjunction with ANG II to lower or normalize blood pressure..

P3632 Tsuboi,Y., Shankland,S.J., Grande,J.P., Walker,H.J., Johnson,R.J., Dousa,T.P. Suppression of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis development in rats by inhibitors of cAMP phosphodiesterase isozymes types III and IV. J Clin Invest 1996; 98(-2-):262-270. >>> Lixazinone; Rolipram; hydralazine; Ascorbic acid; DMSO; butanol, tert-; saline; IP; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; agents plasma levels determined; enzyme inhibitor (isozyme cyclic-3,5-nucleotide phosphodiesterase); multiple pumps per animal (2); Lixazinone was dissolved in 10% ascorbic acid and tert-butanol; rolipram dissolved in 50% DMSO; hydralazine dissolved in saline.

P3440 Yamagata,M., Tannock,I.F. The chronic administration of drugs that inhibit the regulation of intracellular pH: in vitro and anti-tumour effects. Br.J.Cancer 1996; 73(--):1328-1334. >>> EIPA; Hydralazine; DIDS; Nigericin; ETOH; DMSO; SC; IP; mice; 1003D; 72 hours; cancer; toxicology; antihypertensive; DIDS is 4,4-diisothiocyanstilbene 2,2-disulphonic acid; EIPA is 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride; nigericin given alone and w/hydralazine; DIDS&EIPA placed in separate pumps (concomitant w/ nigericin treatment).

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19. Hydrochlorothiazide

P7067 Lee,C.T., Shang,S.H., Lai,L.W., Yong,K.C., Lien,Y.H.H. Effect of thiazide on renal gene expression of apical calcium channels and calbindins. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2004; 287(-6-):F1164-F1170. >>> Hydrochlorothiazide; PEG 300; SC; Mice; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; antihypertensive.

P3781 Loffing,J., Loffing-Cueni,D., Hegyi,I., Kaplan,M.R., Hebert,S.C., Le Hir,M., Kaissling,B. Thiazide treatment of rats provokes apoptosis in distal tubule cells. Kidney Int. 1996; 50(--):1180-1190. >>> Metolazone; Hydrochlorothiazide; PEG 300; SC; rat; 2ML1; 3 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; dose-response; no stress (see pg. 1183); toxicology.

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20. Imidapril

P5298 Kurosawa,Y., Katoh,M., Doi,H., Narita,H. Tissue Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity plays an important role in pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis in rats. J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol 2002/4; 39(-4-):600-609. >>> Imidapril; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; enzyme inhibitor; imidapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.

P5293 Kakoki,M., Hirata,Y., Hayakawa,H., Tojo,A., Nagata,D., Suzuki,E., Kimura,K., Goto,A., Kikuchi,K., Nagano,T., Omata,M. Effects of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia on endothelin type B receptor-mediated nitric oxide release from rat kidney. Circulation 1999/3/9; 99(-9-):1242-1248. >>> Imidapril; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Cardiovascular; enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor).

P4062 Hirata,Y., Hayakawa,H., Kakoki,M., Tojo,A., Suzuki,E., Kimura,K., Goto,A., Kikuchi,K., Nagano,T., Hirobe,M., Omata,M. Nitric oxide release from kidneys of hypertensive rats treated with imidapril. Hypertension 1996; 27(-pt 2-):672-678. >>> Imidapril; Saline, sterile; SC; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; dose-response (1 or 10 mg/kg); antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

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21. Isoproterenol

P8352 Trivedi,C.M., Luo,Y., Yin,Z., Zhang,M.Z., Zhu,W.T., Wang,T., Floss,T., Goettlicher,M., Noppinger,P.R., Wurst,W., Ferrari,V.A., Abrams,C.S., Gruber,P.J., Epstein,J.A. Hdac2 regulates the cardiac hypertrophic response by modulating Gsk3 beta activity. Nature Medicine 2007; 13(-3-):324-331. >>> Isoproterenol; PBS; SC; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (2 months old).

P8335 Zhang,G.X., Ohmori,K., Nagai,Y., Fujisawa,Y., Nishiyama,A., Abe,Y., Kimura,S. Role of AT1 receptor in isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and oxidative stress in mice. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2007; 43(-4-):804-811. >>> Isoproterenol; angiotensin II; Saline; SC; Mice; 2002; 11 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 805); cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, C57BL/6, 25 grams, 10 weeks old, male, 11 weeks old, 25-30 grams).

P8030 Yuan,Q.Q., Fan,G.C., Dong,M., Altschafl,B., Diwan,A., Ren,X.P., Hahn,H.H., Zhao,W., Waggoner,J.R., Jones,L.R., Jones,W.K., Bers,D.M., Dorn,GW II, Wang,H.S., Valdivia,H.H., Chu,G.X., Kranias,E.G. Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium overloading in junctin deficiency enhances cardiac contractility but increases ventricular automaticity. Circulation 2007; 115(-3-):300-309. >>> Isoproterenol; SC; Mice; 2002; 2 weeks; Cardiovascular.

P7992 Wagner,C., de Wit,C., Kurtz,L., Gruenberger,C., Kurtz,A., Schweda,F. Connexin40 is essential for the pressure control of renin synthesis and secretion. Circulation Research 2007; 100(-4-):556-563. >>> Isoproterenol; SC; Mice; 2 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; blood pressure taken; cardiovascular; animal info (12-20 weeks old, male, C57BL/6).

P8321 Sadayappan,S., Osinska,H., Klevitsky,R., Lorenz,J.N., Sargent,M., Molkentin,J.D., Seidman,C.E., Seidman,J.G., Robbins,J. Cardiac myosin binding protein C phosphorylation is cardioprotective. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2006; 103(-45-):16918-16923. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline; ascorbic acid; Mice (transgenic); 4 weeks; 2 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; ischemia (cardiac); animal info (10 weeks old).

P8241 Chen,H., Yong,W.D., Ren,S.X., Shen,W.H., He,Y.Z., Cox,K.A., Zhu,W.Q., Li,W., Soonpaa,M., Payne,R.M., Franco,D., Field,L.J., Rosen,V., Wang,Y.B., Shou,W.N. Overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 10 in myocardium disrupts cardiac postnatal hypertrophic growth. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2006; 281(-37-):27481-27491. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline; Mice (transgenic); 2001; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, 3 months old).

P8204 Matkovich,S.J., Diwan,A., Klanke,J.L., Hammer,D.J., Marreez,Y., Odley,A.M., Brunskill,E.W., Koch,W.J., Schwartz,R.J., Dorn,GW II. Cardiac-specific ablation of G-protein receptor kinase 2 redefines its roles in heart development and beta-adrenergic signaling. Circulation Research 2006; 99(-9-):996-1003. >>> Isoproterenol; SC; Mice; 8, 14 days; Dose-response (fig.5); cardiovascular; animal info (129/C57BL6 wt, GRK2F/F, GRK2del).

P8179 Fan,G.C., Yuan,Q.Y., Song,G.J., Wang,Y.G., Chen,G.L., Qian,J., Zhou,X.Y., Lee,Y.J., Ashraf,M., Kranias,E.G. Small heat-shock protein Hsp20 attenuates beta-agonist-mediated cardiac remodeling through apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1. Circulation Research 2006; 99(-11-):1233-1242. >>> Isoproterenol; Mice (transgenic); mice; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, FVB/N, Hsp20 TG or wt, 10 weeks old).

P8165 Bush,E.W., Hood,D.B., Papst,P.J., Chapo,J.A., Minobe,W., Bristow,M.R., Olson,E.N., McKinsey,T.A. Canonical transient receptor potential channels promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through activation of calcineurin signaling. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2006; 281(-44-):33487-33496. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline, sterile; sodium bisulfite; SC; Rat; 4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 8-9 weeks old, 200-225 grams, thoracic aortic banding).

P8124 Li,B.L., Dedman,J.R., Kaetzel,M.A. Nuclear Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the murine heart. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2006; 1763(-11-):1275-1281. >>> Isoproterenol; SC; Mice (transgenic); mice; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; cardiovascular; animal info (FVB/N wt and NLS-AIP4 tg, 3-4 months old).

P8092 Jaehnig,E.J., Heidt,A.B., Greene,S.B., Cornelissen,I., Black,B.L. Increased susceptibility to isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and impaired weight gain in mice lacking the histidine-rich calcium-binding protein. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 26(-24-):9315-9326. >>> Isoproterenol; PBS; SC; Mice; 2002; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, C57BL/6 wt or HRC null, 6 months old).

P8089 Gebhard,C., Petroktistis,F., Zhang,H., Kammerer,D., Koehle,C., Klingel,K., Albinus,M., Gleiter,C.H., Osswald,H., Grenz,A. Role of renal nerves and salt intake on erythropoietin secretion in rats following carbon monoxide exposure. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2006; 319(-1-):111-116. >>> Isoproterenol; neuropeptide Y, [Leu31, Pro34]-; neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonist; IV (jugular); Rat; 1003D; 16 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; half-life (p.115) "short" for isoproterenol; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-320g.).

P8077 Menon,B., Krishnamurthy,P., Kaverina,E., Johnson,J.N., Ross,R.S., Singh,M., Singh,K. Expression of the cytoplasmic domain of beta 1 integrin induces apoptosis in adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVM) via the involvement of caspase-8 and mitochondrial death pathway. Basic Research In Cardiology 2006; 101(-6-):485-493. >>> Isoproterenol HCL, L-; Saline, acidified isotonic; SC; Mice; 2004; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (16 wks old).

P8022 Nakayama,H., Wilkin,B.J., Bodi,I., Molkentin,J.D. Calcineurin-dependent cardiomyopathy is activated by TRPC in the adult mouse heart. FASEB Journal 2006; 20(-10-):1660-1670. >>> Phenylephrine; isoproterenol; angiotensin II; PBS; SC; Mice; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

P7998 Usui,S., Yao,A., Hatano,M., Kohmoto,O., Takahashi,T., Nagai,R., Kinugawa,K.I. Upregulated neurohumoral factors are associated with left ventricular remodeling and poor prognosis in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. CIRCULATION JOURNAL 2006; 70(-9-):1208-1215. >>> Angiotensin II; isoproterenol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 8 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; blood pressure taken; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, Wistar, 12 weeks old, 260-300 grams).

P7983 Zhong,W.G., Mao,S.Y., Tobis,S., Angelis,E., Jordan,M.C., Roos,K.P., Fishbein,M.C., de Alboran,I.M., MacLellan,W.R. Hypertrophic growth in cardiac myocytes is mediated by Myc through a cyclin D2-dependent pathway. Embo Journal 2006; 25(-16-):3869-3879. >>> Isoproterenol; SC; Mice; 2001; 7 days; Cardiovascular; animal info (10 weeks old).

P7873 Membrez,M., Hummler,E., Beermann,F., Haefliger,J.A., Savioz,R., Pedrazzini,T., Thorens,B. GLUT8 is dispensable for embryonic development but influences hippocampal neurogenesis and heart function. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 26(-11-):4268-4276. >>> Isoproterenol; Mice; 2002; 14 days; Cardiovascular; animal info (C57BL/6, glut8-/-, +/+).

P7828 Tokuhisa,T., Yano,M., Obayashi,M., Noma,T., Mochizuki,M., Oda,T., Okuda,S., Doi,M., Liu,J.Y., Ikeda,Y., Yamamoto,T., Ohkusa,T., Matsuzaki,M. AT1 receptor antagonist restores cardiac ryanodine receptor function, rendering isoproterenol-induced failing heart less susceptible to Ca2+-leak induced by oxidative stress. CIRCULATION JOURNAL 2006; 70(-6-):777-786. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline; IP; Rat; 2ML4; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, Wistar, ISO-induced LV dysfunction).

P7745 Song,K., Backs,J., McAnally,J., Qi,X., Gerard,R.D., Richardson,J.A., Hill,J.A., Bassel-Duby,R., Olson,E.N. The transcriptional coactivator CAMTA2 stimulates cardiac growth by opposing class II histone deacetylases. Cell 2006; 125(-3-):453-466. >>> Angiotensin II; isoproterenol; Saline; SC; Mice; 2001; 7,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (8 wk. old (AngII), 16 wk. old (iso), CAMTA2 -/-).

P7721 Maron,M.B., Folkesson,H.G., Stader,S.M., Walro,J.M. PKA delivery to the distal lung air spaces increases alveolar liquid clearance after isoproterenol-induced alveolar epithelial PKA desensitization. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 289(-2-):L349-L354. >>> Isoproterenol bitartrate; HCL; SC; Rat; 2001; 48 hours; Controls received no treatment as previous study showed no difference from vehicle infused; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-300g.); mp primed in 37 degree Celsius saline overnight.

P7658 McQueen,A.P., Zhang,D.F., Hu,P., Swenson,L., Yang,Y., Zaha,V.G., Hoffman,J.L., Yun,U.J., Chakrabarti,G., Wang,Z.M., Albertine,K.H., Abel,E.D., Litwin,S.E. Contractile dysfunction in hypertrophied hearts with deficient insulin receptor signaling: possible role of reduced capillary density. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2005; 39(-6-):882-892. >>> Isoproterenol; PBS; ascorbic acid; SC; Mice; 2, 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg.884); cardiovascular; ischemia (cardiac); animal info (CIRKO, WT, male, 20-30 g, 12-15 wk. old); echocardiography.

P7509 Wang,H., Oestreich,E.A., Maekawa,N., Bullard,T.A., Vikstrom,K.L., Dirksen,R.T., Kelley,G.G., Blaxall,B.C., Smrcka,A.V. Phospholipase C epsilon modulates beta-adrenergic receptor dependent cardiac contraction and inhibits cardiac hypertrophy. Circulation Research 2005; 97(-12-):1305-1313. >>> Isoproterenol; PBS; abscorbic acid; Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (CL57/B6, male 8, 12 wk old).

P7242 Morello,F., de Boer,R.A., Steffensen,K.R., Gnecchi,M., Chisholm,J.W., Boomsma,F., Anderson,L.M., Lawn,R.M., Gustafsson,J.A., Lopez-Ilasaca,M., Pratt,R.E., Dzau,V.J. Liver X receptors alpha and beta regulate renin expression in vivo. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2005; 115(-7-):1913-1922. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline; SC; Mice; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or no treatment; B- adrenergic agonist.

P7235 Freund,C., Schmidt-Ullrich,R., Baurand,A., Dunger,S., Schneider,W., Loser,P., El-Jamali,A., Dietz,R., Scheidereit,C., Bergmann,M.W. Requirement of nuclear factor-kappa B in angiotensin II- and isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Circulation 2005; 111(-18-):2319-2325. >>> Angiotensin II; isoproterenol; Saline, physiological; acetic acid; SC; Mice (transgenic); 1002; 7, 12, 14 days; Controls received sham operation; cardiovascular; peptides.

P6959 Hohimer,A.R., Davis,L.E., Hatton,D.C. Repeated daily injections and osmotic pump infusion of isoproterenol cause similar increases in cardiac mass but have different effects on blood pressure. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2005; 83(-2-):191-197. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline; SC; Mice; 1002; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p. 193,4); comparison of SC injections vs. mp; cardiovascular; telemetry used.

P6926 Bos,R., Mougenot,N., Findji,L., Mediani,O., Vanhoutte,P.M., Lechat,P. Inhibition of catecholamine-induced cardiac fibrosis by an aldosterone antagonist. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2005; 45(-1-):8-13. >>> Isoproterenol; Water, sterile; SC; Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Cardiovascular; ischemia (cardiac).

P7062 Krenz,M., Robbins,J. Impact of beta-myosin heavy chain expression on cardiac function during stress. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2004; 44(-12-):2390-2397. >>> Isoproterenol; Ascorbic acid; SC; Mice (transgenic); mice; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

P7039 Kitagawa,Y., Yamashita,D., Ito,H., Takaki,M. Reversible effects of isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy on in situ left ventricular function in rat hearts. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2004; 287(-1-):H277-H285. >>> Isoproterenol; metoprolol; Saline; ascorbic acid; SC; Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); cardiovascular.

P7029 Jaffre,F., Callebert,J., Sarre,A., Etienne,N., Nebigil,C.G., Launay,J.M., Maroteaux,L., Monassier,L. Involvement of the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor in cardiac hypertrophy linked to sympathetic stimulation control of interleukin-6, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha cytokine production by ventricular fibroblasts. Circulation 2004; 110(-8-):969-974. >>> Isoproterenol; SB206553; SB215505; Saline; SC; Mice; 1007D; 5-7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; 5-HT 2BR antagonists.

P7015 Chang,S.R., McKinsey,T.A., Zhang,C.L., Richardson,J.A., Hill,J.A., Olson,E.N. Histone deacetylases 5 and 9 govern responsiveness of the heart to a subset of stress signals and play redundant roles in heart development. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 24(-19-):8467-8476. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline; SC; Mice; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

P7006 Christe,M., Jin,N., Wang,X.S., Gould,K.E., Iversen,P.W., Yu,X.H., Lorenz,J.N., Kadambi,V., Zuckerman,S.H., Bloem,L.J. Transgenic mice with cardiac-specific over-expression of MLK7 have increased mortality when exposed to chronic beta-adrenergic stimulation. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2004; 37(-3-):705-715. >>> Isoproterenol; nadolol; Ascorbic acid; Mice (transgenic); mice; 1, 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig 5); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; cardiovascular; multiple pumps per animal (2).

P6749 Frey,N., Barrientos,T., Shelton,J.M., Frank,D., Ruetten,H., Gehring,D., Kuhn,C., Lutz,M., Rothermel,B., Bassel-Duby,R., Richardson,J.A., Katus,H.A., Hill,J.A., Olson,E.N. Mice lacking calsarcin-1 are sensitized to calcineurin signaling and show accelerated cardiomyopathy in response to pathological biomechanical stress. Nature Medicine 2004; 10(-12-):1336-1343. >>> Isoproterenol; Sodium chloride; Mice; 1002; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

P6674 Chandrasekar,B., Marelli-Berg,F.M., Tone,M., Bysani,S., Prabhu,S.D., Murray,D.R. beta-adrenergic stimulation induces interleukin-18 expression via beta 2-AR, P13K, Akt, IKK, and NF-kappa. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2004; 319(-2-):304-311. >>> Isoproterenol, HCL; isoproterenol, L-; SC; Mice; 2001; 1,2,3,6,24,72 hours; Controls received mp w/ saline.

P6573 Dostanic,S., Servant,N., Wang,C.L., Chalifour,L.E. Chronic beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation in vivo decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax expression but did not activate apoptotic pathways in mouse heart. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2004; 82(-3-):167-174. >>> Isoproterenol; dobutamine; metaproterenol; phenylephrine; propranolol; PBS; ascorbic acid; SC; Mice; 1,7,14,21,28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

P6464 Patterson,A.J., Zhu,W.Z., Chow,A., Agrawal,R., Kosek,J., Xiao,R.P., Kobilka,B. Protecting the myocardium: A role for the beta 2 adrenergic receptor in the heart. Critical Care Medicine 2004; 32(-4-):1041-1048. >>> Isoproterenol bitartrate; SC; Mice; 2 weeks; 3,7,10 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg.1043) greater mortality rate in knock-out mice than wt mice; no mortality in controls (knockout or wt); cardiovascular.

P6593 Keys,J.R., Greene,E.A., Cooper,C.J., Prasad,S.V.N., Rockman,H.A., Koch,W.J. Cardiac hypertrophy and altered beta-adrenergic signaling in transgenic mice that express the amino terminus of beta-ARK1. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2003; 285(-5-):H2201-H2211. >>> Nadolol; isoproterenol; PBS; ascorbic acid; SC; Mice (transgenic); 2002; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist.

P6589 Vega,R.B., Rothermel,B.A., Weinheimer,C.J., Kovacs,A., Naseem,R.H., Bassel-Duby,R., Williams,R.S., Olson,E.N. Dual roles of modulatory calcineurin-interacting protein 1 in cardiac hypertrophy. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES O F AMERICA 2003; 100(-2-):669-674. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline; SC; Mice; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

P6569 Lutz,S., Mura,R.A., Hippe,H.J., Tiefenbacher,C., Niroomand,F. Plasma membrane-associated nucleoside diphosphate kinase (nm23) in the heart is regulated by beta-adrenergic signaling. British Journal of Pharmacology 2003; 140(-6-):1019-1026. >>> Isoproterenol; triiodothyronine; propranolol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; cardiovascular.

P6511 Zahabi,A., Picard,S., Fortin,N., Reudelhuber,T.L., Deschepper,C.F. Expression of constitutively active guanylate cyclase in cardiomyocytes inhibits the hypertrophic effects of isoproterenol and aortic constriction on mouse hearts. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2003; 278(-48-):47694-47699. >>> Isoproterenol; SC; Mice (transgenic); 4 days; Controls received sham implant; cardiovascular.

P6154 Liao,Y.L., Takashima,S., Asano,Y., Asakura,M., Ogai,A., Shintani,Y., Minamino,T., Asanuma,H., Sanada,S., Kim,J., Ogita,H., Tomoike,H., Hori,M., Kitakaze,M. Activation of adenosine A1 receptor attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and prevents heart failure in murine left ventricular pressure-overload model. Circulation Research 2003; 93(-8-):759-766. >>> Adenosine receptors, CADO, 8-sulfopheyl theophylline, DPCPX, IB-MECA; phenylephrine; endotherin-1; forskolin; angiotensin II; CGS-21680; Isoproterenol; 5-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine; SC; Mice; 1002; 4 weeks; Pumps replaced every two weeks; cardiovascular.

P6152 Oudit,G.Y., Crackower,M.A., Eriksson,U., Sarao,R., Kozieradzki,I., Sasaki,T., Irie-Sasaki,J., Gidrewicz,D., Rybin,V.O., Wada,T., Steinberg,S.F., Backx,P.H., Penninger,J.M. Phosphoinositide 3-kinaseγ-deficient mice are protected from isoproterenol-induced heart failure. Circulation 2003; 108(-17-):2147-2152. >>> Isoproterenol; SC; Mice (knockout); 7 days; Cadiovascular; pump model not stated.

P6125 Miura,S., Ohno,I., Suzuki,J., Suzuki,K., Okada,S., Okuyama,A., Nawata,J., Ikeda,J., Shirato,K. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases prevents cardiac hypertrophy i nduced by beta-adrenergic stimulation in rats. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2003; 42(-2-):174-181. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline; SC; Rat; 2001; 2004; 0.5,1,2,4 days; Cardiovascular.

P6113 Kook,H., Lepore,J.J., Gitler,A.D., Lu,M.M., Yung,W.W.M., Mackay,J., Zhou,R., Ferrari,V., Gruber,P., Epstein,J.A. Cardiac hypertrophy and histone deacetylase-dependent transcriptional repression mediated by the atypical homeodomain protein Hop. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2003; 112(-6-):863-871. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline; SC; Mice (transgenic); 1002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IV injections vs. SC mp; cardiovascular.

P6107 Morgan,E.E., Stader,S.M., Hodnichak,C.M., Mavrich,K.E., Folkesson,H.G., Maron,M.B. Postreceptor defects in alveolar epithelial beta-adrenergic signaling after prolonged isoproterenol infusion. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 285(-3-):L578-L583. >>> Isoproterenol; HCL; SC; Rat; 2001; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; adrenergic agonist.

P6095 Nienaber,J.J., Tachibana,H., Prasad,S.V.N., Esposito,G., Wu,D.Q., Mao,L., Rockman,H.A. Inhibition of receptor-localized PI3K preserves cardiacβ-adrenergic receptor function and ameliorates pressure overload heart failure. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2003; 112(-7-):1067-1079. >>> Isoproterenol; Ascorbic Acid; SC; Mice (transgenic); 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

P5971 Kedzierski,R.M., Grayburn,P.A., Kisanuki,Y.Y., Williams,C.S., Hammer,R.E., Richardson,J.A., Schneider,M.D., Yanagisawa,M. Cardiomyocyte-specific endothelin A receptor knockout mice have normal cardiac function and an unaltered hypertrophic response to angiotensin II and isoproterenol. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 2003; 23(-22-):8226-8232. >>> Angiotensin II; Isoproterenol; Saline; SC; Mice; 1002; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle.

P5797 Kook,H., Lepore,J.J., Gitler,A.D., Lu,M.M., Yung,W.W., Mackay,J., Zhou,R., Ferrari,V., Gruber,P., Epstein,J.A. Cardiac hypertrophy and histone deacetylase-dependent transcriptional repression mediated by the atypical homeodomain protein Hop. J Clin Invest 2003; 112(-6-):863-871. >>> Isoproterenol; Mice; 1002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; cardiovascular.

P5777 Ido,A., Hasebe,N., Takeuchi,T., Kikuchi,K. Effects of temocapril and olmesartan on myocardial sympathetic nervous activity and fatty acid metabolism in rats with chronic beta-adrenergic stimulation. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2003; 41(-;-):S133-S137. >>> Isoproterenol; SC; Rat; 2002; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; cardiovascular.

P5675 Braz,J.C., Bueno,O.F., Liang,Q.R., Wilkins,B.J., Dai,Y.S., Parsons,S., Braunwart,J., Glascock,B.J., Klevitsky,R., Kimball,T.F., Hewett,T.E., Molkentin,J.D. Targeted inhibition of p38 MAPK promotes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy through upregulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2003; 111(-10-):1475-1486. >>> Norepinephrine; dobutamine; isoproterenol; Saline; sodium metabisulfite; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; the norepinephrine vehicle solution contained sodium metabisulfite as an antioxidant; the b-adrenergic agonists (isoproterenol, dobutamine, and CL316243) were dissolved in saline and infused over 3 days..

P5655 Zhao,X.S., Gallardo,T.D., Lin,L., Schageman,J.J., Shohet,R.V. Transcriptional mapping and genomic analysis of the cardiac atria and ventricles. PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS 2002; 12(-1-):53-60. >>> Isoproterenol; angiotensin II; Saline; Mice (transgenic); 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides.

P5574 Golden,K.L., Ren,J., Dean,A., Marsh,J.D. Norepinephrine regulates the in vivo expression of the L-type calcium channel. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 236(-1-2-):107-114. >>> Isoproterenol; Norepinephrine; Phenylephrine; HCl; SC; rat; 3, 7 days; controls received mp with vehicle; alpha&beta adrenergic agonist.

P5464 Ozaki,M., Kawashima,S., Yamashita,T., Hirase,T., Ohashi,Y., Inoue,N., Hirata,K., Yokoyama,M. Overexpression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase attenuates cardiac hypertrophy induced by chronic isoproterenol infusion. CIRCULATION JOURNAL 2002; 66(-9-):851-856. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline; SC; Mice; 7 days.

P5266 Bueno,O.F., Wilkins,B.J., Tymitz,K.M., Glascock,B.J., Kimball,T.F., Lorenz,J.N., Molkentin,J.D. Impaired cardiac hypertrophic response in Calcineurin Abeta -deficient mice. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S A 2002; 99(-7-):4586-4591. >>> Isoproterenol; Angiotensin II; PBS; SC; Mice; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides.

P5215 Andree,B., Fleige,A., Arnold,H.H., Brand,T. Mouse Pop1 is required for muscle regeneration in adult skeletal muscle. Mol.Cell Biol 2002; 22(-5-):1504-1512. >>> Isoproterenol; PBS; Ascorbic Acid; SC; Mice; 2001; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; b-adrenergic agonist;.

P5062 Morgan,E.E., Hodnichak,C.M., Stader,S.M., Maender,K.C., Boja,J.W., Folkesson,H.G., Maron,M.B. Alveolar epithelial ion and fluid transport - Prolonged isoproterenol infusion impairs the ability of beta(2)-agonists to increase alveolar liquid clearance. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 282(--):L666-L674. >>> Isoproterenol bitartrate; Water; HCl; SC; rat; 2001; 48 hours; controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (graph p. L670); vehicle ws .001N HCl in water; isoproterenol is a B-adrenergic receptor antagonist.

P4983 Rothermel,B.A., McKinsey,T.A., Vega,R.B., Nicol,R.L., Mammen,P., Yang,J., Antos,C.L., Shelton,J.M., Bassel-Duby,R., Olson,E.N., Williams,R.S. Myocyte-enriched calcineurin-interacting protein, MCIP1, inhibits cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES O F AMERICA 2001; 98(--):3328-3333. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline; SC; mice; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; isoproterenol is a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist that can induce cardiac hypertrophy.

P4921 De Windt,L.J., Lim,H.W., Bueno,O.F., Liang,Q.R., Delling,U., Braz,J.C., Glascock,B.J., Kimball,T.F., Del Monte,F., Hajjar,R.J., Molkentin,J.D. Targeted inhibition of calcineurin attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2001; 98(-6-):3322-3327. >>> Isoproterenol; PBS; SC; mice; 2002; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; isoproterenol is an adrenergic agonist.

P4871 Yang,Q.L., Osinska,H., Klevitsky,R., Robbins,J. Phenotypic deficits in mice expressing a myosin binding protein C lacking the titin and myosin binding domains. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2001; 33(--):1649-1658. >>> Isoproterenol bitartrate; Saline; SC; mice; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose response (graphs p. 1655); cardivascular; Familiar Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy..

P4720 Boknik,P., Fockenbrock,M, Herzig,S, Knapp,J., Linck,B., Luss,H, Muller,F.U., Muller,T, Schmitz,W., Schroder,F, Neumann,J. Protein phosphatase activity is increased in a rat model of long-term b-adrenergic stimulation.. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch.Pharmacol. 2000; 362(--):222-231. >>> Isoproterenol; Propranolol;; Saline;; SC;; rat;; 2ML2;; 2 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; Isoproterenol and Propranolol were infused both separately and together in one pump..

P4688 Friddle,C.J, Koga,T, Rubin,E.M, Bristow,J. Expression profiling reveals distinct sets of genes altered during induction and regression of cardiac hypertrophy.. PNAS 2000; 97(-12-):6745-6750. >>> Angiotensin II; Isoproterenol;; mice;; 7, 14 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; Isoproterenol infused for 7 days and Ang. II for 14 days..

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22. Ketanserin

P5895 Jorgensen,H., Knigge,U., Kjaer,A., Warberg,J. Serotonergic involvement in stress-induced vasopressin and oxytocin secretion. European Journal of Endocrinology 2002; 147(-6-):815-824. >>> Ketanserin; Ly-53857; ICS-205930; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2ML4; 24 hours; Stylet used; pump implanted IP; drugs were 5-ht antagonists.

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23. Losartan

P8128 Hartner,A., Cordasic,N., Klanke,B., Wittmann,M., Veelken,R., Hilgers,K.F. Renal injury in streptozotocin-diabetic Ren2-transgenic rats is mainly dependent on hypertension, not on diabetes. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2007; 292(-2-):F820-F827. >>> Losartan; IP; Rat; rat (transgenic); 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; replacement therapy (STZ-induced diabetes mellitus); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley-Hanover, ren-2 Tg, 12 wks old, 250g.).

P8229 Chen,P., Scicli,G.M., Guo,M., Fenstermacher,J.D., Dahl,D., Edwards,P.A., Scicli,A.G. Role of angiotensin II in retinal leukostasis in the diabetic rat. Experimental Eye Research 2006; 83(-5-):1041-1051. >>> Losartan; IP; Rat; 2 weeks; Controls received no treatment; replacement therapy (STZ-induced diabetes); animal info (male, Long-Evans, 200-225 grams); Ang II-AT1 receptor antagonist.

P8106 Liu,D.M., Gao,L., Roy,S.K., Cornish,K.G., Zucker,I.H. Neuronal angiotensin II type 1 receptor upregulation in heart failure - Activation of activator protein 1 and jun N-terminal kinase. Circulation Research 2006; 99(-9-):1004-1011. >>> Angiotensin II; losartan; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rabbit; 2001; 6 days; Controls received no treatment; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, New Zealand White, 3.2-4.1 kg., CHF).

P7727 Christoffersen,T.E.H., Aplin,M., Strom,C.C., Sheikh,S.P., Skott,O., Busk,P.K., Haunso,S., Nielsen,L.B. Increased natriuretic peptide receptor A and C gene expression in rats with pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2006; 290(-4-):H1635-H1641. >>> Losartan; Saline, isotonic; SC; Rat; 1,2,4 weeks; Controls received mp/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, wistar, 70-90g).

P7229 Gao,L., Wang,W., Li,Y.L., Schultz,H.D., Liu,D.M., Cornish,K.G., Zucker,I.H. Sympathoexcitation by central ANG II: Roles for AT1 receptor upregulation and NAD(P)H oxidase in RVLM. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2005; 288(-5-):H2271-H2279. >>> Angiotensin II; losartan; Saline, isotonic; CSF/CNS; Rabbit; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides; cyanoacrylate adhesive; cannula position verified by Evans blue dye.

P7163 Inokuchi,Y., Morohashi,T., Kawana,I., Nagashima,Y., Kihara,M., Umemura,S. Amelioration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid induced colitis in angiotensinogen gene knockout mice. Gut 2005; 54(-3-):349-356. >>> Losartan; SC; Mice (knockout); 21 days; Controls received mp w/ normal saline, comparison of oral delivery vs. mp, immunology.

P6878 Porter,J.P., Phillips,A., Rich,J., Wright,D. Effect of chronic stress on the cardiac baroreflex in the post-weanling rat. LIFE SCIENCES 2004; 75(-13-):1595-1607. >>> Losartan; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 1597); ALZET brain infusion kit used; "The minipumps were tolerated well. Rats appeared healthy...and gained weight as expected." (p. 1597).

P6843 Zimmerman,M.C., Lazartigues,E., Sharma,R.V., Davisson,R.L. Hypertension caused by angiotensin II infusion involves increased superoxide production in the central nervous system. Circulation Research 2004; 95(-2-):210-216. >>> Angiotensin II; losartan; SC; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; cardiovascular; peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); AT1 receptor antagonists.

P6676 Marshall,R.P., Gohlke,P., Chambers,R.C., Howell,D.C., Bottoms,S.E., Unger,T., McAnulty,R.J., Laurent,G.J. Angiotensin II and the fibroproliferative response to acute lung injury. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 286(-1-):L156-L164. >>> Losartan; Saline; SC; Rat; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; pump model not listed.

P6580 Lindley,T.E., Doobay,M.F., Sharma,R.V., Davisson,R.L. Superoxide is involved in the central nervous system activation and sympathoexcitation of myocardial infarction-induced heart failure. Circulation Research 2004; 94(-3-):402-409. >>> Losartan; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1007D; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

P6522 Ishiyama,Y., Gallagher,P.E., Averill,D.B., Tallant,E.A., Brosnihan,K.B., Ferrario,C.M. Upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 after myocardial infarction by blockade of angiotensin II receptors. Hypertension 2004; 43(-5-):970-976. >>> Losartan; olmesartan; Saline, isotonic; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced every 2 weeks; cardiovascular.

P6567 Ferron,L., Capuano,V., Ruchon,Y., Deroubaix,E., Coulombe,A., Renaud,J.F. Angiotensin II signaling pathways mediate expression of cardiac T-type calcium channels. Circulation Research 2003; 93(-12-):1241-1248. >>> Losartan; IP; Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Cardiovascular.

P6003 Esteban,V., Ruperez,M., Vita,J.R., Lopez,E.S., Mezzano,S., Plaza,J.J., Egido,J., Ruiz-Ortega,M. Effect of simultaneous blockade of AT1 and AT2 receptors on the NFκB pathway and renal inflammatory response. Kidney International 2003; 64(-Supplement 86-):S33-S38. >>> Angiotensin II; losartan; PD123319; Saline; SC; Mice (knockout); 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; losartan and PD123319 are AT1 and AT2 antagonists respectively; pump model not listed.

P5923 Lako-Futo,Z., Szokodi,I., Sarman,B., Foeldes,G., Tokola,H., Ilves,M., Leskinen,H., Vuolteenaho,O., Skoumal,R., deChatel,R., Ruskoaho,H., Toth,M. Evidence for a functional role of angiotensin II type 2 receptor in the cardiac hypertrophic process in vivo in the rat heart. Circulation 2003; 108(-19-):2414-2422. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; losartan; SC; Rat; 12, 72 hours; Cardiovascular; peptides; pump model not stated; PD123319 is an ATZ receptor antagonist.

P5719 Gough,K.M., Zelinski,D., Wiens,R., Rak,M., Dixon,I.M.C. Fourier transform infrared evaluation of microscopic scarring in the cardiomyopathic heart: Effect of chronic AT(1) suppression. Analytical Biochemistry 2003; 316(-2-):232-242. >>> Losartan; Saline; SC; Hamster; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; AT, receptor anlagonist; cardiomyopathx.

R0217 Papademetriou,V. The potential role of AT1-receptor blockade in the prevention and reversal of atherosclerosis. Journal of Human Hypertension 2002; 16(--):S34-S41. >>> Losartan; Monkey; 6 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET pumps mentioned on p. 537, ref #38.

R0176 Head,G.A., Saigusa,T., Mayorov,D.N. Angiotensin and baroreflex control of the circulation. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2002; 35(-9-):1047-1059. >>> Nitroglycerin; losartan; Saline; ethanol; SC; IV; Rat; 2ML1; 2 weeks; multiple pumps per animal (2).

P6304 Carley,D.W., Trbovic,S.M., Radulovacki,M. Losartan, An Angiotensin AT1 Receptor Antagonist, Modulates Sleep Apnea Expression in Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR) Rats. Sleep Research Online 2001; 4(-1-):7-12. >>> Losartan; Saline; SC; Rat; 2002; 17 days; Functionality of mp verified by blood pressure taken; sham surgery performed 7 days prior to losartan pump implantation contralateral to the sham surgical site; telemetry device implanted in conjuction with pump.

P4812 Nakata,T., Takeda,K., Harada,S., Oguni,A., Hatta,T., Kawa,T., Itoh,H., Sasaki,S., Nakagawa,M. Role of the central nervous system in the development of hypertension produced by chronic nitric oxide blockade in rats.. Hypertension Res 2001; 24(-1-):39-45. >>> Losartan;; CSF, artificial;; IV (femoral); CSF/CNS;; rat;; 2002;; 2 weeks;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; Losartan was delivered to different groups either via ICV route or IV via catheter to femoral vein;.

P4360 Gaudet,E., Godwin,S.J., Head,G.A. Effects of central infusion of ANG II and losartan on the cardiac baroreflex in rabbits. Am.J.Physiol.(Heart Circ.Physiol) 2000; 278(--):H558-H566. >>> Angiotensin II; Losartan;; Ringer's solution;; CSF/CNS (fourth ventricle);; rabbit;; 2ML2;; 2 weeks;; controls received mp with vehicle; peptides; cardiovascular; human IIe AII used;.

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24. Metoprolol

P4481 Diabona,G.F, Sawin,L.L. Effect of metoprolol administration on renal sodium handling in experimental congestive heart failure.. Circulation 1999; 100(--):82-86. >>> Metoprolol;; Water, distilled;; IP;; rat;; 4 weeks;; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma metoprolol levels; antihypertensive; cardiovascular;.

P4051 Skantze,H.B., Kaplan,J., Pettersson,K., Manuck,S., Blomqvist,N., Kyes,R., Williams,K., Bondjers,G. Psychosocial stress causes endothelial injury in cynomolgus monkeys via b1-adrenoceptor activation. Atherosclerosis 1998; 136(--):153-161. >>> Atenolol; Metoprolol; monkey; 2ML1; no duration posted; controls received mp w/saline; antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

P3978 Latini,R., Masson,S., Jeremic,G., Luvara,G., Fiordaliso,F., Calvillo,L., Bernasconi,R., Torri,M., Rondelli,I., Razzetti,I., Bongrani,S. Comparative efficacy of a DA2/a2 agonist and a B-blocker in reducing adrenergic drive and cardiac fibrosis in an experimental model of left ventricular dysfunction after coronary artery occlusion. J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 1998; 31(--):601-608. >>> CHF-1024; Metoprolol; Ascorbic acid; Water, distilled; SC; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; cardiovascular; controls received mp w/vehicle.

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25. Minoxidil HCL

P1899 Kuo,Y.-J., Keeton,T.K. Captopril increases norepinephrine spillover rate in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1991; 258(-1-):223-231. >>> Minoxidil HCl; Captopril; Enalaprilat; Acetic acid; Ethanol; Propylene glycol; Saline; Water; SC; rat; 5 days; no comment posted; antihypertensive.

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26. Moxonidine

R0228 Mukaddam-Daher,S., Gutkowska,J. Imidazoline receptors in the heart: a novel target and a novel mechanism of action that involves atrial natriuretic peptides. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2004; 37(-8-):1239-1245. >>> Moxonidine; Saline; SC; 2ML2; 2ML4; 1,4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (Fig.2); cardiovascular; antihypertensive; review.

P7027 El-Ayoubi,R., Menaouar,A., Gutkowska,J., Mukaddam-Daher,S. Imidazoline receptors but not alpha2-adrenoceptors are regulated in spontaneously hypertensive rat heart by chronic moxonidine treatment. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2004; 310(-2-):446-451. >>> Moxonidine; Saline, isotonic; NaOH; Rat; 2ML1; 2ML4; 1,4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); cardiovascular; antihypertensive.

P6728 Van Kerckhoven,R., van Veghel,R., Saxena,P.R., Schoemaker,R.G. Pharmacological therapy can increase capillary density in post-infarction remodeled rat hearts. Cardiovascular Research 2004; 61(-3-):620-629. >>> Moxonidine; Saline, acidified; SC; Rat; 2001; 21 days; Pumps replaced every 7 days; cardiovascular.

P5435 Menaouar,A., El Ayoubi,R., Jankowski,M., Gutkowska,J., Mukaddam-Daher,S. Chronic imidazoline receptor activation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. American Journal of Hypertension 2002; 15(-9-):803-808. >>> Moxonidine; Saline, isotonic; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p. 806-807); cardiovascular; antihypertensive; imidazoline receptor agonist.

P5364 Van Kerckhoven,R., Saxena,P.R., Schoemaker,R.G. Restored capillary density in spared myocardium of infarcted rats improves ischemic tolerance. J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 2002/9; 40(-3-):370-380. >>> Moxonidine; Saline; SC; Rat; 2001; 21 days; Pumps replaced every week; myocardial infarction; ischemia (cardiac).

P4948 Van Kerckhoven,R., van Veen,T.A.B., Boomsma,F., Saxena,P.R., Schoemaker,R.G. Chronic administration of moxonidine suppresses sympathetic activation in a rat heart failure model. European Journal of Pharmacology 2000; 397(--):113-120. >>> Moxonidine; Saline buffer; SC; rat; 2001; 20 days; controls received sham surgery; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; Moxonidine is an imidazoline I receptor agonist; rats had received coronary artery ligation, myocardial infarction..

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27. Nicardipine

P4055 Kurooka,M., Hongyo,T., Nakajima,H., Baskar,R., Li,L.Y., Fukuda,K., Sutoh,K., Miyata,M., Matsuda,M., Nomura,T. High incidence of esophageal cancer in esophageal achalasia by the oral administration of N-amyl-N-methylnitrosamine and its prevention by nicardipine hydrochloride in mice. Cancer Letters 1998; 127(--):55-61. >>> Nicardipine HCl; SC; mice; 2002; no duration posted; calcium-channel blocker; cancer; antihypertensive.

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28. Nifedipine

P7003 Vazquez,E., Coronel,I., Bautista,R., Romo,E., Villalon,C.M., vila-Casado,M.C., Soto,V., Escalante,B. Angiotensin II-dependent induction of AT2 receptor expression after renal ablation. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2005; 288(-1-):F207-F213. >>> PD-123319; angiotensin II; nifedipine; SC; Rat; 7,14 days; Controls received no agent and/or sham renal ablation; replacement theraphy (nephrectomy); antihypertensive; peptides; AT2 receptor antagonist.

P5701 Jacques,D., Bkaily,G., Jasmin,G., D'Orleans-Juste,P., Chahine,M. Isradipine prevents the development of spontaneously occurring cardiac necrosis in cardiomyopathic hamster. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2003; 81(-2-):120-124. >>> Isradipine; nifedipine; DMSO; ethanol; glucose; SC; Hamster; 4 weeks; Comparison of SC, IP (p.121) injections vs. SC mp; cardiovascular; vehicle solution contained 5% DMSO, 5% ethanol&5% glucose; isradipine, also called PN200-110, is a calcium channel blocker.

P4716 Hirata,A., Igarashi,M., Yamaguchi,H., Suwabe,A, Daimon,M, Kato,T., Tominaga,M. Nifedipine supresses neointimal thickening by its inhibitory effect on vascular smooth muscle cell growth via a MEK-ERK pathway coupling with Pyk2.. British Journal of Pharmacology 2000; 131(--):1521-1530. >>> Nifedipine;; PEG 400; Ethanol;; SC;; rat;; 2002;; 17 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; 15% ethanol : 85% PEG 400 used as vehicle;.

P4250 Reid,K., Guo,T.-Z., Davies,M.F., Maze,M. Nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, restores the hypnotic response in rats made tolerant to the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1997; 283(-3-):993-999. >>> Dexmedetomidine; Nifedipine; SC; rat; 1007D; 2001; 2002; 7,14 days; controls received mp w/vehicle or sham surgery; comparison of s.c. injections vs. mp; agents infused concomitantly in different pumps; antihypertensive; tolerance.

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29. Nilvadipine

P3418 Kawamura,S., Li,Y., Shirasawa,M., Yasui,N., Fukasawa,H. Protective effect of nilvadipine on focal cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Neurol.Med.Chir. 1996; 36(--):151-155. >>> Nilvadipine; PEG; SC; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received vehicle infusion; antihypertensive; ischemia (cerebral).

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30. PD123319

P8365 Diniz,G.P., Carneiro-Ramos,M.S., Barreto-Chaves,M.L.M. Angiotensin type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors mediate the increase in TGF-b1 in thyroid hormone-induced cardiac hypertrophy. PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 454(-1-):75-81. >>> PD123319; SC; Rat; 15 days; Replacement Therapy (T4-induced hyperthroidism; cardiovascular; animal info (Wistar, 220-250g.).

P7862 Ran,J.M., Hirano,T., Fukui,T., Saito,K., Kageyama,H., Okada,K., Adachi,M. Angiotensin II infusion decreases plasma adiponectin level via its type 1 receptor in rats: an implication for hypertension-related insulin resistance. METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL 2006; 55(-4-):478-488. >>> Angiotensin II, human; PD123319; CGP42112A; Saline; SC; Rat; 1007D; 2ML1; 2ML2; 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma angiotensin II levels; dose-response (table 1); no stress (see pg. 482); peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (male, Wistar, 8 wk. old, 400g.).

P7646 Hirano,T., Ran,J.M., Adachi,M. Opposing actions of angiotensin II type 1 and 2 receptors on plasma cholesterol levels in rats. Journal of Hypertension 2006; 24(-1-):103-108. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; CGP42112A; Saline; SC; Rat; 1007D; 2ML1; 2ML2; 2 weeks; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg.105); cardiovascular; peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (male, Wistar, 8 wk old, 400 g); Ang II plasma levels taken.

P7515 Lu,Q., Zhu,Y.Z., Wong,P.T.H. Neuroprotective effects of candesartan against cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats. NeuroReport 2005; 16(-17-):1963-1967. >>> PD123319; Saline; SC; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), male, 230-250 g); middle cerebral artery occlusion.

P6912 Lee,F.T.H., Cao,Z.M., Long,D.M., Panagiotopoulos,S., Jerums,G., Cooper,M.E., Forbes,J.M. Interactions between angiotensin II and NF-kappa B dependent pathways in modulating macrophage infiltration in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2004; 15(-8-):2139-2151. >>> PDTC; PD123319; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Diabetes; PDTC is (Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate).

P6721 Hashimoto,N., Maeshima,Y., Satoh,M., Odawara,M., Sugiyama,H., Kashihara,N., Matsubara,H., Yamasaki,Y., Makino,H. Overexpression of angiotensin type 2 receptor ameliorates glomerular injury in a mouse remnant kidney model. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2004; 286(-3-):F516-F525. >>> PD123319; SC; Mice; 2002; 6 weeks; Long-term study; pumps replaced every two weeks; AT2R specific antagonist.

P6675 Suzuki,H., Yamamoto,T., Ikegaya,N., Hishida,A. Dietary salt intake modulates progression of antithymocyte serum nephritis through alteration of glomerular angiotensin II receptor expression. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2004; 286(-2-):F267-F277. >>> PD123319; SC; Rat; 7 days; Agent is a AT2R blocker; pump model not listed.

P6466 Shiuchi,T., Iwai,M., Li,H.S., Wu,L., Min,L.J., Li,J.M., Okumura,M., Cui,T.X., Horiuchi,M. Angiotensin II type-1 receptor blocker valsartan enhances insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscles of diabetic mice. Hypertension 2004; 43(-5-):1003-1010. >>> Angiotensin II; valsartan; PD123319; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

P6461 Zhang,X.L., Lassila,M., Cooper,M.E., Cao,Z.M. Retinal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor is mediated by angiotensin type 1 and type 2 receptors. Hypertension 2004; 43(-2-):276-281. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; Sodium chloride; acetic acid; SC; Rat; 2002; 2004; 2,4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; STZ induced diabetes; multiple pumps per animal (2).

P6269 Chen,W.S., Sim,M.K. Effects of des-aspartate-angiotensin I on the expression of angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors in ventricles of hypertrophic rat hearts. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 2004; 117(-3-):207-212. >>> PD123319; Saline; IP; Rat; 2002; 4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; PD123319 is an AT2 antagonist.

P6255 Moulder,J.E., Fish,B.L., Cohen,E.P. Impact of angiotensin II type 2 receptor blockade on experimental radiation nephropathy. RADIATION RESEARCH 2004; 161(-3-):312-317. >>> PD123319; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 12 weeks; Comparison of SC injections vs. mp; long-term study; pumps replaced every 4 weeks; PD123319 is an AT2 blocker.

P6606 Rizkalla,B., Forbes,J.M., Cooper,M.E., Cao,Z.M. Increased renal vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietins by angiotensin II infusion is mediated by both AT1 and AT2 receptors. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2003; 14(-12-):3061-3071. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; Sodium Chloride; acetic acid; water; SC; IP; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; blood pressure taken; cardiovascular; peptides; PD123319 was dissolved in water and infused with the IP pump.

P6241 Mukawa,H., Toki,Y., Miyazaki,Y., Matsui,H., Okumura,K., Ito,T. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor blockade partially negates antihypertrophic effects of type 1 receptor blockade on pressure-overload rat cardiac hypertrophy. HYPERTENSION RESEARCH 2003; 26(-1-):89-95. >>> PD123319; Saline, isotonic; PEG; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; antihypertensive.

P6226 Cervenka,L., Vaneckova,I., Maly,J., Horacek,V., El Dahr,S.S. Genetic inactivation of the B2 receptor in mice worsens two-kidney, one-clip hypertension: role of NO and the AT2 receptor. Journal of Hypertension 2003; 21(-8-):1531-1538. >>> PD123319; IP; Mice; 1002; 27 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; pumps replaced on day 13; cardiovascular.

P6043 Ruperez,M., Ruiz-Ortega,M., Esteban,V., Lorenzo,O., Mezzano,S., Plaza,J.J., Egido,J. Angiotensin II increases connective tissue growth factor in the kidney. American Journal of Pathology 2003; 163(-5-):1937-1947. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; Saline; SC; Rat; 3,7 days; Peptides; PD123319 is an AT2 antagonist; pump model not listed.

P6038 Sarlos,S., Rizkalla,B., Moravski,C.J., Cao,Z.M., Cooper,M.E., Wilkinson-Berka,J.L. Retinal angiogenesis is mediated by an interaction between the angiotensin type 2 receptor, VEGF, and angiopoietin. American Journal of Pathology 2003; 163(-3-):879-887. >>> PD123319; IP; Rat (neonate); 2004; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (11 days old).

P6338 Cervenka,L., Horacek,V., Vaneckova,I., Hubacek,J.A., Oliverio,M.I., Coffman,T.M., Navar,L.G. Essential role of AT1A receptor in the development of 2KIC hypertension. Hypertension 2002; 40(-5-):735-741. >>> PD123319; IP; Mice; 1002; 26 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; comparison of acute PD infusion; pumps replaced on day 13; no stress (see pg. 737); cardiovascular; PD123319 is an AT2 receptor antagonist.

P5461 Naruse,M., Tanabe,A., Sato,A., Takagi,S., Tsuchiya,K., Imaki,T., Takano,K. Aldosterone breakthrough during angiotensin II receptor antagonist therapy in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2002; 40(-1-):28-33. >>> PD123319; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Cardiovascular; antihypertensive; angiotensin II type 2 antagonist.

P5081 Lorenzo,O., Ruiz-Ortega,M., Esbrit,P., Ruperez,M., Ortega,A., Santos,S., Blanco,J., Ortega,L., Egido,J. Angiotensin II increases parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and the type 1 PTH/PTHrP receptor in the kidney. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2002; 13(--):1595-1607. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; Saline; SC; rat; 3, 7, or 8 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; PD123319 is an Ang II type 2 antagonist; Ang II given for for 3 or 7 days, PD123319 started 24 h before Ang II infusion.

P5055 Sasaki,K., Murohara,T., Ikeda,H., Sugaya,T., Shimada,T., Shintani,S., Imaizumi,T. Evidence for the importance of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in ischemia-induced angiogenesis. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2002; 109(-5-):603-611. >>> PD123319; rat; ; antihypertensive; PD 123319 is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist.

P5228 Tea,B.S., Der,Sarkissian S., Touyz,R.M., Hamet,P., deBlois,D. Proapoptotic and growth-inhibitory role of angiotensin II type 2 receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats in vivo. Hypertension 2000/5; 35(-5-):1069-1073. >>> PD123319; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML1, 2ML2; 1, 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antihypertensive; selective angiotensin type 2 receptor antagonist.

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31. Perindopril

P4534 Higaki,J., Aoki,M., Morishita,R, Kida,I, Taniyama,Y, Tomita,N., Yamamoto,K, Moriguchi,A., Kaneda,Y, Ogihara,T. In vivo evidence of the importance of cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy.. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol. 2000; 20(--):428-434. >>> Perindopril;; Saline; PEG 400;; IP;; rat;; 3 days;; controls received mp w/vehicle; cardiovascular;.

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32. Pindolol

P4963 Haddjeri,N., Blier,P. Effects of sustained (+/-)pindolol administration on serotonin neurotransmission in rats. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY&NEUROSCIENCE 2000; 25(--):378-388. >>> Pindolol; Saline; SC; rat; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of ip injections vs. mp;.

P4647 Haddjeri,N., Blier,P., de Montigny,C. Acute and long-term actions of the antidepressant drug mirtazapine on central 5-HT neurotransmission.. Journal of Affective Disorders 1998; 51(--):255-266. >>> Mirtazapine; Pindolol;; NaCl; Ascorbic acid;; SC;; rat;; 2, 21 days;; controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IV injections vs mp; antidepressant; pindolol infused for 2 days; mirtazapine administered for 21 days..

P4052 Haddjeri,N., de Montigny,C., Curet,O., Blier,P. Effect of the reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor befloxatone on the rat 5-hydroxytryptamine neurotransmission. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1998; 343(--):179-192. >>> Befloxatone; Pindolol; Water; Ethanol; SC; rat; 2, 21 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; befloxatone is an antidepressant; agents infused separately or concomitantly; antihypertensive.

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33. Prazosin

P5969 Kemmerer,E.S., Desmond,T.J., Albin,R.L., Kilbourn,M.R., Frey,K.A. Treatment effects on nigrostriatal projection integrity in partial 6-OHDA lesions: comparison of L-DOPA and pramipexole. Experimental Neurology 2003; 183(-1-):81-86. >>> L-dopa; benserazide; prazosin; IP; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease).

P5473 Erami,C., Zhang,H., Ho,J.G., French,D.M., Faber,J.E. Alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation directly induces growth of vascular wall in vivo. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2002; 283(-4-):H1577-H1587. >>> Norepinephrine; benoxathian; prazosin; KMD-3213; AH11110A; BMY-7378; propranolol; RX-821002; Ringer's, lactated; ascorbate; Perivascular; Rat; 2ML2; 14, 28 days; Tissue perfusion (left carotid wall); pumps replaced after 14 days for prazosin; catheter constructed from thin walled vinyl tubing and fenestrated at end placed near vessel; norepinephrine is a catecholamine; propranolol is a beta adrenoceptor antagonist; all other agents are antagonists alpha antagonists.

P4611 Du,Y, Qiu,J, Nelson,S.H, Wang,D.H. Regulation of type 1 ANG II receptor in vascular tissue: role of a1-adrenoreceptor.. Am.J.Physiol.(Regulatory Integrative Comp.Physiol.42) 1997; 273(--):R1224-R1229. >>> Norepinephrine; Prazosin;; Saline, physiological; DMSO;; SC;; rat;; 2002; 2ML2;; 2 weeks;; controls received mp w/vehicle; antihypertensive; cardiovascular;.

P3818 Wang,D.H., Qiu,J., Hu,Z., Du,Y. Regulation of type 1 angiotensin II receptor in adrenal gland - role of A1-adrenoceptor. Hypertension 1997; 30(-pt 1-):345-350. >>> Prazosin; DMSO; SC; rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

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34. Propranolol

P7800 Palm,D., Lang,K., Niggemann,B., Drell,T.L., Masur,K., Zaenker,K.S., Entschladen,F. The norepinephrine-driven metastasis development of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells in BALB/c nude mice is inhibited by betablockers. International Journal of Cancer 2006; 118(-11-):2744-2749. >>> Norepinephrine; propranolol; Saline, physiological; ascorbic acid; SC; Mice (nude); 1002; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; half-life (pg. 2745) short, quickly metabolized; cancer (prostate carcinoma); animal info (female, BALB/C nude, athymic, 6 wk. old, 15g.).

P7603 Bernstein,D., Fajardo,G., Zhao,M.M., Urashima,T., Powers,J., Berry,G., Kobilka,B.K. Differential cardioprotective/cardiotoxic effects mediated by beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2005; 289(-6-):H2441-H2449. >>> Propranolol; SC; Mice; 14 days; Controls received no treatment; cardiovascular; non-specific B-antagonist.

P6983 Ruiz-Feria,C.A., Yang,Y.M., Nishimura,H. Do incremental increases in blood pressure elicit neointimal plaques through endothelial injury?. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2004; 287(-6-):R1486-R1493. >>> Propranolol; Water, deionized distilled; SC; Bird (chicken); 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. R1488); cardiovascular; antihypertensive.

P5970 Deten,A., Volz,H.C., Holzl,A., Briest,W., Zimmer,H.G. Effect of propranolol on cardiac cytokine expression after myocardial infarction in rats. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY 2003; 251(-1-2-):127-137. >>> Propranolol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Cardiovascular.

P5533 Exton,M.S., Gierse,C., Meier,B., Mosen,M., Xie,Y.F., Frede,S., Goebel,M.U., Limmroth,V., Schedlowski,M. Behaviorally conditioned immunosuppression in the rat is regulated via noradrenaline and beta-adrenoceptors. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2002; 131(-1-2-):21-30. >>> Propranolol; SC; Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (graph, p. 27); immunology.

P5243 Shahrara,S., Sylven,C., Drvota,V.,V. Subtype specific downregulation of thyroid hormone receptor mRNA by beta-adrenoreceptor blockade in the myocardium. Biol Pharm.Bull. 2000/11; 23(-11-):1303-1306. >>> Propranolol; Saline; SC; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

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35. Ramiprilat

P3734 Fernandez-Alfonso,M.S., Martorana,P.A., Licka,I., van Even,P., Trobisch,D., Scholkens,B.A., Paul,M. Early induction of angiotensin I-converting enzyme in rat carotid artery after balloon injury. Hypertension 1997; 30(-pt 1-):272-277. >>> Ramiprilat; HR 720; DMSO; Water; SC; rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 21 days; 2ML2 pumps replaced after 14 days; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; some animals received multiple pumps per animal (2); ramiprilat is the active metabolite of ramipril; HR 720 is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist.

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36. Rilmenidine

P6378 Monassier,L., Greney,H., Thomas,L., Bousquet,P. Chronic treatment with rilmenidine in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Differences between two schedules of administration. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2004; 43(-3-):394-401. >>> Rilmenidine; Saline; IP; Rat; 2002; 1 month; Comparison of IP injections vs. IP mp; pumps replaced at 15 days; stability verified (30 days at 37 degrees Celsius); cardiovascular; antihypertensive.

P4955 Sun,Z.J., Cade,R., Tatum,C. Central imidazoline and angiotensin II receptors in cardiovascular responses to chronic cold exposure in rats. JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY 2001; 26(--):513-518. >>> Rilmenidine; SK&F-86466; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; rilmenidine is a central I1 imidazoline receptor agonist, SF&F-86466 is a specific a-2 receptor blocker; cold-induced hypertension; pump implanted IP and connected to brain cannula;.

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37. Tertatolol

P3658 Tan,Y.Y., Summers,R.J. B-adrenoceptor regulation in rat heart, lung and skin after chronic treatment with (-)-tertatolol or (-)-propranolol. J.Auton.Pharmac. 1995; 15(--):421-436. >>> Tertatolol; Propranolol; HCl; SC; rat; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; beta-adrenoceptor antagonists; examined heart rate and systolic blood pressure.

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38. Valsartan

P8359 Mogi,M., Li,J.M., Iwanami,J., Min,L.J., Tsukuda,K., Iwai,M., Horiuchi,M. Angiotensin II type-2 receptor stimulation prevents neural damage by transcriptional activation of methyl methanesulfonate sensitive 2. Hypertension 2006; 48(-1-):141-148. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 13 days; Cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (C57BL/6J, 10 weeks old, MCA occlusion).

P7759 Suzuki,J., Iwai,M., Mogi,M., Oshita,A., Yoshii,T., Higaki,J., Horiuchi,M. Eplerenone with valsartan effectively reduces atherosclerotic lesion by attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 26(-4-):917-921. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 6 weeks; Cardiovascular; animal info (male, adult, ApoE -/-, 6 wk. old).

P7602 Iwai,M., Chen,R., Li,Z., Shiuchi,T., Suzuki,J., Ide,A., Tsuda,M., Okumura,M., Min,L.J., Mogi,M., Horiuchi,M. Deletion of angiotensin II type 2 receptor exaggerated atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-null mice. Circulation 2005; 112(-11-):1636-1643. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 10 weeks; Controls received no treatment; long-term study; cardiovascular; animal info (male); AT1 receptor blocker.

P7313 Okumura,M., Iwai,M., Ide,A., Mogi,M., Ito,M., Horiuchi,M. Sex difference in vascular injury and the vasoprotective effect of valsartan are related to differential AT2 receptor expression. Hypertension 2005; 46(-3-):577-583. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 7, 14 days; No stress (see pg. 580); cardiovascular.

P6819 Iwai,M., Liu,H.W., Chen,R., Ide,A., Okamoto,S., Hata,R., Sakanaka,M., Shiuchi,T., Horiuchi,M. Possible inhibition of focal cerebral ischemia by angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation. Circulation 2004; 110(-7-):843-848. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 11 days; Cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral).

P5884 Horiuchi,M., Cui,T.X., Li,Z., Li,J.M., Nakagami,H., Iwai,M. Fluvastatin enhances the inhibitory effects of a selective angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, Valsartan, on vascular neointimal formation. Circulation 2003; 107(-1-):106-112. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; ; Cardiovascular; valsartan is an angtiotensin II type I receptor antagonist (ATIRA).

P5625 Gauer,S., Hartner,A., Hauser,I.A., Fierlbeck,W., Eberhardt,W., Geiger,H. Differential regulation of osteopontin expression in the clipped and nonclipped kidney of two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats. American Journal of Hypertension 2003; 16(-3-):214-222. >>> Valsartan; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antihypertensive; valsartan is an angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist (AT1RA)..

P4907 Hilgers,K.F., Hartner,A., Porst,M., Veelken,R., Mann,J.F. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade prevents lethal malignant hypertension: relation to kidney inflammation. Circulation 2001; 104(-12-):1436-1440. >>> Valsartan; Potassium hydroxide; IP; rat; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. KOH vehicle was 0.46 mol/l, with a pH of 7.2.

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References on the Administration of Antihypertensives Using ALZET® Osmotic Pumps

1. Atenolol

2. Benazepril

3. Benazeprilat

4. Bendroflumethiazide

5. Bisoprolol

6. Bunazosin

7. Candesartan

8. Captopril

9. Clonidine

10. Digoxin Or Digotoxin

11. Doxazosin

12. Enalapril

13. Enalaprilat

14. Eprosartan

15. Felodipine

16. Furosemide

17. Guanabenz

18. Hydralazine

19. Hydrochlorothiazide

20. Imidapril

21. Isoproterenol

22. Ketanserin

23. Losartan

24. Metoprolol

25. Minoxidil HCL

26. Moxonidine

27. Nicardipine

28. Nifedipine

29. Nilvadipine

30. PD123319

31. Perindopril

32. Pindolol

33. Prazosin

34. Propranolol

35. Ramiprilat

36. Rilmenidine

37. Tertatolol

38. Valsartan

References on the Administration of Antihypertensives
Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps