References on Cerebral Ischemia (stroke) Research Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

 

R0240 Bazan,N.G. Omega-3 fatty acids, pro-inflammatory signaling and neuroprotection. CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE 2007; 10(-2-):136-141. >>> Neuroprotectin D1; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); Mice; ; Ischemia (cerebral); neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease); see pg. 137.

P8315 Clarkson,A.N., Clarkson,J., Jackson,D.M., Sammut,I.A. Mitochondrial involvement in transhemispheric diaschisis following hypoxia-ischemia: Clomethiazole-mediated amelioration. Neuroscience 2007; 144(-2-):547-561. >>> Clomethiazole; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; no stress (see pg. 550); cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, Wistar, 24 days old, carotid artery ligation).

P8253 Leker,R.R., Soldner,F., Velasco,I., Gavin,D.K., ndroutsellis-Theotokis,A., McKay,R.D.G. Long-lasting regeneration after ischemia in the cerebral cortex. Stroke 2007; 38(-1-):153-161. >>> AraC; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (SHR, permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion).

P8359 Mogi,M., Li,J.M., Iwanami,J., Min,L.J., Tsukuda,K., Iwai,M., Horiuchi,M. Angiotensin II type-2 receptor stimulation prevents neural damage by transcriptional activation of methyl methanesulfonate sensitive 2. Hypertension 2006; 48(-1-):141-148. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 13 days; Cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (C57BL/6J, 10 weeks old, MCA occlusion).

P8291 Won,S.J., Xie,L., Kim,S.H., Tang,H.D., Wang,Y.M., Mao,X.O., Banwait,S., Jin,K.L. Influence of age on the response to fibroblast growth factor-2 treatment in a rat model of stroke. Brain Research 2006; 1123(--):237-244. >>> Fibroblast growth factor-2; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (24 month old/3 month old, male, Fisher); ischemia (cerebral).

P8202 Hamai,M., Iwai,M., Ide,A., Tomochika,H., Tomono,Y., Mogi,M., Horiuchi,M. Comparison of inhibitory action of candesartan and enalapril on brain ischemia through inhibition of oxidative stress. Neuropharmacology 2006; 51(-4-):822-828. >>> Candesartan; enalapril; IP; Mice; 1002; 10 days; Dose-response (fig.1); cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral, induced by MCAO); animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 10 wks old); neurology.

P8123 Lensman,M., Korzhevskii,D.E., Mourovets,V.O., Kostkin,V.B., Izvarina,N., Perasso,L., Gandolfo,C., Otellin,V.A., Polenov,S.A., Balestrino,M. Intracerebroventricular administration of creatine protects against damage by global cerebral ischemia in rat. Brain Research 2006; 1114(--):187-194. >>> Creatine; glycerol; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1002; 7, 13 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or glycerol in saline; no stress (see pg.193); ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 270-320g, carotid artery occlusion); mp use overcomes the "poor brain bioavailability of systemically administered creatine. " (p.188).

P8085 Date,I., Takagi,N., Takagi,K., Tanonaka,K., Funakoshi,H., Matsumoto,K., Nakamura,T., Takeo,S. Hepatocyte growth factor attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier and decreases in expression of tight junctional proteins in cerebral vessels. Neuroscience Letters 2006; 407(-2-):141-145. >>> Hepatocyte growth factor, recomb. human; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ physiological saline; peptides; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, Wistar, 180-220g, microsphere-induced cerebral embolism).

P8064 Zhang,B., Hata,R., Zhu,P.X., Sato,K., Wen,T.C., Yang,L.H., Fujita,H., Mitsuda,N., Tanaka,J., Samukawa,K., Maeda,N., Sakanaka,M. Prevention of ischemic neuronal death by intravenous infusion of a ginseng saponin, ginsenoside Rb(1), that upregulates Bcl-x(L) expression. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2006; 26(-5-):708-721. >>> Ginsenoside Rb1; Saline, isotonic; IV (femoral); CSF/CNS; Rat; gerbil; 2001; 2004; 4 weeks; 1, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 2); cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (SHR-SP, 16-18 wk old, 250-300g. MCAO; male, Mongolian Gerbil, 70-80g., 12 wk old, MCAO).

P8009 Niimura,M., Takagi,N., Takagi,K., Mizutani,R., Ishihara,N., Matsumoto,K., Funakoshi,H., Nakamura,T., Takeo,S. Prevention of apoptosis-inducing factor translocation is a possible mechanism for protective effects of hepatocyte growth factor against neuronal cell death in the hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2006; 26(-11-):1354-1365. >>> Hepatocyte growth factor; Saline; CSF/CNS (right hippocampal region); Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Animal info (male, Wistar, 200-250 grams); ischemia (cerebral).

P8008 Niimura,M., Takagi,N., Takagi,K., Mizutani,R., Tanonaka,K., Funakoshi,H., Matsumoto,K., Nakamura,T., Takeo,S. The protective effect of hepatocyte growth factor against cell death in the hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia is related to the improvement of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox factor-1 level and inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity. Neuroscience Letters 2006; 407(-2-):136-140. >>> Hepatocyte growth factor; CSF/CNS (right hippocampal region); Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Animal info (male, Wistar, 200-250 grams); ischemia (cerebral).

P7987 Wang,Y.M., Galvan,V., Gorostiza,O., Ataie,M., Jin,K.L., Greenberg,D.A. Vascular endothelial growth factor improves recovery of sensorimotor and cognitive deficits after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Brain Research 2006; 1115(--):186-193. >>> Vascular endothelial growth factor; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ischemia (cerebral); behavioral study.

P7871 Ohtaki,H., Nakamachi,T., Dohi,K., Aizawa,Y., Takaki,A., Hodoyama,K., Yofu,S., Hashimoto,H., Shintani,N., Baba,A., Kopf,M., Iwakura,Y., Matsuda,K., Arimura,A., Shioda,S. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) decreases ischemic neuronal cell death in association with IL-6. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2006; 103(-19-):7488-7493. >>> Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, 6-38; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 38; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide; Saline; BSA; IV (jugular); Mice; 4, 8 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (BALB/C, IL-6 -/-, +/-, wt); partial or total middle cerebral artery occlusion.

P7846 Niimura,M., Takagi,N., Takagi,K., Funakoshi,H., Nakamura,T., Takeo,S. Effects of hepatocyte growth factor on phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and hippocampal cell death in rats with transient forebrain ischemia. European Journal of Pharmacology 2006; 535(-1-3-):114-124. >>> Hepatocyte growth factor, recomb. human; Saline, physiological; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Rat; 1003D; 1, 2, 3 days; 0.5, 1, 6 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 2); peptides; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, Wistar, 200-250g., transient forebrain ischemia by carotid artery occlusion); mp primed in 37 celsius saline.

P7614 Malhotra,S., Savitz,S.I., Ocava,L., Rosenbaum,D.M. Ischemic preconditioning is mediated by erythropoietin through PI-3 kinase signaling in an animal model of transient ischemic attack. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2006; 83(-1-):19-27. >>> Erythropoietin receptor, soluble; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1007D; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, Wistar, 200-225 g, MCA occlusion).

P7608 Xia,C.F., Yin,H., Borlongan,C.V., Chao,J., Chao,L. Postischemic infusion of adrenomedullin protects against ischemic stroke by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting angiogenesis. Experimental Neurology 2006; 197(-2-):521-530. >>> Adrenomedullin, human; calcitonin gene-related peptide (8-37); Saline; SC; Rat; 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley 220 g); middle cerebral artery occlusion; "continuous and longterm infusion of AM starting at day 1 after I/.

P7561 Sun,Y.J., Jin,K.L., Childs,J.T., Xie,L., Mao,X.O., Greenberg,D.A. Vascular endothelial growth factor-B (VEGFB) stimulates neurogenesis: Evidence from knockout mice and growth factor administration. Developmental Biology 2006; 289(-2-):329-335. >>> Vascular endothelial growth factor-B; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; mice; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (mice, 10-12 wk old; male, Sprague-Dawley).

P8094 Duszczyk,M., Gadamski,R., Ziembowicz,A., Danysz,W., Lazarewicz,J.W. NMDA receptor antagonism does not inhibit induction of ischemic tolerance in gerbil brain in vivo. NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH 2005; 7(-4-):283-292. >>> Memantine; SC; Gerbil; 1003D; 3 days; Comparison of acute IP injection vs. mp; tolerance; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, Mongolian, 12-13 wks old, 70g, carotid artery occlusion); mp primed 4 h. in 37 celsius saline; "steady state plasma levels at therapeutic range relevant to humans, were mimicked by using infusion pumps." (291).

P8065 Kronenberg,G., Wang,L.P., Synowitz,M., Gertz,K., Katchanov,J., Glass,R., Harms,C., Kempermann,G., Kettenmann,H., Endres,M. Nestin-expressing cells divide and adopt a complex electrophysiologic phenotype after transient brain ischemia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2005; 25(-12-):1613-1624. >>> Uridine, bromodeoxy, 5-; SC; Mice; mice (transgenic); 4 days; Ischemia (cerebral); animal info (C57BL/6 nestin-GFP tg, 10-12 wk old, 20-25g, MCAO); "this dose is nontoxic and labels approximately 4 times more cells after cerebral ischemia than twice daily intraperitoneal injections" (p.1614).

P7929 Tuereyen,K., Vemuganti,R., Bowen,K.K., Sailor,K.A., Dempsey,R.J. EGF and FGF-2 infusion increases post-ischemic neural progenitor cell proliferation in the adult rat brain. Neurosurgery 2005; 57(-6-):1254-1262. >>> Endothelial growth factor; fibroblast growth factor-2; CSF, artificial; BSA; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit used; peptides; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (adult, male, SHR, 250-275 grams); MCAO; 0.1% BSA added.

P7869 Nagao,M., Wen,T.C., Okamoto,M., Irie,K., Takaku,T., Sakanaka,M. In vivo neuroprotective activity of epopeptide AB against ischemic damage. CYTOTECHNOLOGY 2005; 47(-1-3-):139-144. >>> Epopeptide AB; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS; Gerbil; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); peptides; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, Mongolian, 70-80g., 12 wk. old); common carotid arteries occluded.

P7767 Rane,M.J., Gozal,D., Butt,W., Gozal,E., Pierce,WM Jr, Guo,S.Z., Wu,R., Goldbart,A.D., Thongboonkerd,V., McLeish,K.R., Klein,J.B. Gamma-amino butyric acid type B receptors stimulate neutrophil chemotaxis during ischemia-reperfusion. Journal of Immunology 2005; 174(-11-):7242-7249. >>> Baclofen; CGP52432; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2, 3, 5 days; 24, 30 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250g., MCAO); GABA-B-R agonist.

P7649 Korzhevskii,D.E, Otellin,V.A, Grigor'ev,I.P  Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 2005; 35(-4-):389-389. >>> Creatine; CSF/CNS; Rat; ; Ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley); no pump model or duration given.

P7576 Zhao,L.R., Spellman,S., Kim,J., Duan,W.M., McCarthy,J.B., Low,W.C. Synthetic fibronectin peptide exerts neuroprotective effects on transient focal brain ischemia in rats. Brain Research 2005; 1054(-1-):1-8. >>> Fibronectin-derived peptide, synthetic; PBS; IA (carotid); Rat; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or control peptide PRARI; peptides; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 300-350 g); peptide: PRARIY; MCAO.

P7560 Lu,X.C.M., Williams,A.J., Wagstaff,J.D., Tortella,F.C., Hartings,J.A. Effects of delayed intrathecal infusion of an NMDA receptor antagonist on ischemic injury and peri-infarct depolarizations. Brain Research 2005; 1056(-2-):200-208. >>> CGX-1007; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, cisterna magna); Rat; 2001D; 16 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); no stress (see pg. 203); dose-dependent paralysis and mortality; peptides; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 275-350 g); agent also known as Conantokin-G; NMDA receptor antagonist; middle cerebral artery occlusion; stretched PE-10 tubing to a PE-60 connection piece.

P7553 Markus,T.M., Tsai,S.Y., Bollnow,M.R., Farrer,R.G., O'Brien,T.E., Kindler-Baumann,D.R., Rausch,M., Rudin,M., Wiessner,C., Mir,A.K., Schwab,M.E., Kartje,G.L. Recovery and brain reorganization after stroke in adult and aged rats. Annals of Neurology 2005; 58(-6-):950-953. >>> Antibody, anti-Nogo - A monoclonal 7B12; antibody, immunoglobulin G, mouse; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ mouse IgG or no treatment; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (3-4 months old, 25 months old).

P7515 Lu,Q., Zhu,Y.Z., Wong,P.T.H. Neuroprotective effects of candesartan against cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats. NeuroReport 2005; 16(-17-):1963-1967. >>> PD123319; Saline; SC; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), male, 230-250 g); middle cerebral artery occlusion.

P7390 Kim-Mitsuyama,S., Yamamoto,E., Tanaka,T., Zhan,Y., Izumi,Y., Izumiya,Y., Ioroi,T., Wanibuchi,H., Iwao,H. Critical role of angiotensin II in excess salt-induced brain oxidative stress of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke 2005; 36(-5-):1077-1082. >>> Angiotensin II; Rat; 2 weeks; Blood pressure taken; cardiovascular; peptides; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, 11 weeks old).

P7387 Yanamoto,H., Miyamoto,S., Tohnai,N., Nagata,I., Xue,J.H., Nakano,Y., Nakajo,Y., Kikuchi,H. Induced spreading depression activates persistent neurogenesis in the subventricular zone, generating cells with markers for divided and early committed neurons in the caudate putamen and cortex. Stroke 2005; 36(-7-):1544-1550. >>> Potassium chloride; Saline; CSF/CNS (cortex); Rat; 2001; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (Sprague Dawley, 8-9 weeks).

P7332 Gu,Z.Z., Cui,J., Brown,S., Fridman,R., Mobashery,S., Strongin,A.Y., Lipton,S.A. A highly specific inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-9 rescues laminin from proteolysis and neurons from apoptosis in transient focal cerebral ischemia. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25(-27-):6401-6408. >>> Antibody, rabbit anti-pan laminin; serum, rabbit; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS (cortex); Mice; 1007D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ischemia (cerebral); MCA occlusion.

P7309 Zhao,Y., Patzer,A., Gohlke,P., Herdegen,T., Culman,J. The intracerebral application of the PPARgamma-ligand pioglitazone confers neuroprotection against focal ischaemia in the rat brain. European Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 22(-1-):278-282. >>> Pioglitazone hydrochloride; DMSO; saline, physiological; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; half-life (p. 281) 2-3 hours in rats; ischemia (cerebral); 20% DMSO.

P7202 Plaschke,K., Kreutzer,S., Sommer,C., Martin,E., Bardenheuer,H.J. Does permanent carotid artery occlusion produce a 'preconditioning-like' effect towards more severe hypotension in energy metabolites? Role of cerebral adenosine. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 2005; 32(-1-2-):54-59. >>> Adenosine, 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyl-; xanthine, 8-cyclopentyl-1, 3-dimethyl; Cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxypropyl-beta- (molecusol); IP; Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ischemia (cerebral); the cyclodextrin derivative "cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxypropyl-B-" is also called molecusol.

P7191 Hanabusa,K., Nagaya,N., Iwase,T., Itoh,T., Murakami,S., Shimizu,Y., Taki,W., Miyatake,K., Kangawa,K. Adrenomedullin enhances therapeutic potency of mesenchymal stem cells after experimental stroke in rats. Stroke 2005; 36(-4-):853-858. >>> Adrenomedullin; PBS; SC; Rat; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 856); cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral); middle cerebral artery occlusion.

P6962 Sun,Y.J., Jin,K.L., Childs,J.T., Xie,L., Mao,X.O., Greenberg,D.A. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase and ischemia-induced neurogenesis. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2005; 25(-4-):485-492. >>> 7-NI; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (nNOS); ischemia (cerebral).

P7218 Cervera,A., Justicia,C., Reverter,J.C., Planas,A.M., Chamorro,A., Chamorro,A. Steady plasma concentration of unfractionated heparin reduces infarct volume and prevents inflammatory damage after transient focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2004; 77(--):565-572. >>> Heparin, porcine unfractionated; Saline; IP; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of bolus IV injection vs. mp; no stress (see pg. 568); ischemia (cerebral); "A single IV bolus of UH at a dose of 300 U/Kg resulted in plasma levels that had faded completely after 3hr." (p. 567).

P7085 Ando,H., Zhou,J., Macova,M., Imboden,H., Saavedra,J.M. Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade reverses pathological hypertrophy and inflammation in brain microvessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke 2004; 35(-7-):1726-1731. >>> Candesartan; Sodium carbonate; SC; Rat; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral).

P7001 Zhao,B.Q., Ikeda,Y., Ihara,H., Urano,T., Fan,W.F., Mikawa,S., Suzuki,Y., Kondo,K., Sato,K., Nagai,N., Umemura,K. Essential role of endogenous tissue plasminogen activator through matrix metalloproteinase 9 induction and expression on heparin-produced cerebral hemorrhage after cerebral ischemia in mice. Blood 2004; 103(-7-):2610-2616. >>> Heparin, porcine mucosal; IP; Mice; 24 hours; Controls received no treatment; ischemia (cerebral).

P6822 Lee,J.K., Kim,J.E., Sivula,M., Strittmatter,S.M. Nogo receptor antagonism promotes stroke recovery by enhancing axonal plasticity. Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 24(-27-):6209-6217. >>> Antibody, NgR (310) Ecto-Fc; Immunoglobulin G, rat; PBS; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2ML4; 9 weeks; Controls received mp w/ rat IgG; long-term study; pumps replaced after 28 days; good methods (p. 6210); ALZET brain infusion kit 2 used; peptides; cyanoacrylate adhesive; ischemia (cerebral); Nogo-Nogo receptor (NgR); NgR (310) Ecto-Fc is an IgG fusion protein with a soluble ectodomain fragment of NgG; behavioral study.

P6819 Iwai,M., Liu,H.W., Chen,R., Ide,A., Okamoto,S., Hata,R., Sakanaka,M., Shiuchi,T., Horiuchi,M. Possible inhibition of focal cerebral ischemia by angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation. Circulation 2004; 110(-7-):843-848. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 11 days; Cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral).

P6817 Carswell,H.V.O., Macrae,I.M., Gallagher,L., Harrop,E., Horsburgh,K.J. Neuroprotection by a selective estrogen receptor beta agonist in a mouse model of global ischemia. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2004; 287(-4-):H1501-H1504. >>> Diarylpropiolnitrile; propyl pyrazole triol; DMSO; saline; SC; Mice; 1002; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (ovariectomy, ischemia); 50% DMSO used; estrogen receptor agonists; ischemia (cerebral).

P6816 Date,I., Takagi,N., Takagi,K., Kago,T., Matsumoto,K., Nakamura,T., Takeo,S. Hepatocyte growth factor improved learning and memory dysfunction of microsphere-embolized rats. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2004; 78(-3-):442-453. >>> Hepatocyte growth factor, recomb. human; Saline, physiological; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received sham ischemia operation and were HGF-untreated; dose-response (fig. 1); ischemia (cerebral); memory.

P6779 Date,I., Takagi,N., Takagi,K., Kago,T., Matsumoto,K., Nakamura,T., Takeo,S. Hepatocyte growth factor attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced learning dysfunction. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2004; 319(-4-):1152-1158. >>> Hepatocyte growth factor, recomb. human; Saline, physiological; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig 1); cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral); learning/memory study.

P6756 Sasaki,T., Kasuya,H., Onda,H., Sasahara,A., Goto,S., Hori,T., Inoue,I. Role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase on cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 2004; 35(-6-):1466-1470. >>> FR167653; IV (jugular); Dog; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ physiological saline; functionality of mp verified by serum FR167653 levels; enzyme inhibitor (p38MAPKinase); cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral).

P6607 Kagamiishi,Y., Yamamoto,T., Watanabe,S. Detrimental role of corticotropin-releasing factor on the decrease of CA1 field potential induced by in vitro ischemia in rat hippocampal slices. JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2004; 94(-1-):39-44. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor; astressin; Saline; BSA; ascorbic acid; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit 1 used; 2 week recovery period by filling tubing and cannula with sterile saline; tubing attached to pump after recovery periord; astressin is a novel CRF antagonist; BSA and ascorbic acid was 0.1%; ischemia (cerebral).

P6449 Kusaka,I., Kusaka,G., Zhou,C., Ishikawa,M., Nanda,A., Granger,D.N., Zhang,J.H., Tang,J.P. Role of AT1 receptors and NAD(P)H oxidase in diabetes-aggravated ischemic brain injury. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2004; 286(-6-):H2442-H2451. >>> Candesartan; SC; Rat; 14 days; Ischemia (cerebral); diabetes; no side effects of minipump placement were noticed; pump model not listed.

P6400 Zhang,R.L., Zhang,Z.G., Wang,L., Wang,Y., Gousev,A., Zhang,L., Ho,K.L., Morshead,C., Chopp,M. Activated neural stem cells contribute to stroke-induced neurogenesis and neuroblast migration toward the infarct boundary in adult rats. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2004; 24(-4-):441-448. >>> Ara-C; Saline; CSF/CNS (cerebral cortex); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Ischemia (cerebral).

P6377 Jin,K.L., Sun,Y.J., Xie,L., Childs,J., Mao,X.O., Greenberg,D.A. Post-ischemic administration of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) reduces infarct size and modifies neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2004; 24(-4-):399-408. >>> Epidermal growth factor, heparin binding; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ischemia (cerebral).

P6370 Manoonkitiwongsa,P.S., Schultz,R.L., McCreery,D.B., Whitter,E.F., Lyden,P.D. Neuroprotection of ischemic brain by vascular endothelial growth factor is critically dependent on proper dosage and may be compromised by angiogenesis. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2004; 24(-6-):693-702. >>> Vascular endothelial growth factor; Saline; IA (carotid); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose response (p. 697); stroke; ischemia (cerebral); biocompatible glue was used to secure catheter in artery.

P6286 Pignataro,G., Tortiglione,A., Scorziello,A., Giaccio,L., Secondo,A., Severino,B., Santagada,V., Caliendo,G., Amoroso,S., Di Renzo,G., Annunziato,L. Evidence for a protective role played by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in male rats. Neuropharmacology 2004; 46(-3-):439-448. >>> Glu-xip; Xip; CB-DMB; KB-R7943; FeCl3; Saline; DMSO; water; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1003D; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p. 444); peptides; ischemia (cerebral); cannula secured by cyanoacrylate adhesive&dental cement; KB-R7943 dissolved in 10% DMSO in water; all other agents dissolved in saline; agents are NCX (Na/Ca) inhibitors.

P6280 Anderson,M.F., Nilsson,M., Eriksson,P.S., Sims,N.R. Glutathione monoethyl ester provides neuroprotection in a rat model of stroke. Neuroscience Letters 2004; 354(-2-):163-165. >>> Glutathione monoethyl ester; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit 2 used; dental cement used; post op. care (xylocaine/adrenaline injected into site of wound); neuroprotection; ischemia (cerebral); antioxidant.

P6279 Lou,M., Blume,A., Zhao,Y., Gohlke,P., Deuschl,G., Herdegen,T., Culman,J. Sustained blockade of brain AT1 receptors before and after focal cerebral ischemia alleviates neurologic deficits and reduces neuronal injury, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses in the rat. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2004; 24(-5-):536-547. >>> Irbesartan; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 8,12 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ischemia (cerebral); AT1 receptor antagonist; neuroprotective.

P6592 Dempsey,R.J., Sailor,K.A., Bowen,K.K., Tuereyen,K., Vemuganti,R. Stroke-induced progenitor cell proliferation in adult spontaneously hypertensive rat brain: effect of exogenous IGF-1 and GDNF. Journal of Neurochemistry 2003; 87(-3-):586-597. >>> Insulin-like growth factor-I; glial-derived neurotrophic factor; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit used; peptides; ischemia (cerebral).

P6348 Marshall,J.W.B., Ridley,R.M. Assessment of cognitive and motor deficits in a marmoset model of stroke. ILAR JOURNAL 2003; 44(-2-):153-160. >>> Clomethiazole; AR-R15896AR; NXY-059; Saline; SC; Monkey (marmoset); 2001D; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced every 24 hours; ischemia (cerebral); neuroprotective; post op. care (incubator); behavioral study.

P6225 Brault,S., Martinez-Bermudez,A.K., Marrache,A.M., Gobeil,F.Jr, Hou,X., Beauchamp,M., Quiniou,C., Almazan,G., Lachance,C., Roberts,J.II, Varma,D.R., Chemtob,S. Selective neuromicrovascular endothelial cell death by 8-iso-prostaglandin F-2 alpha - Possible role in ischemic brain injury. Stroke 2003; 34(-3-):776-782. >>> Hydrogen Peroxide; Prostaglandin F2 alpha, 8-Iso-; CGS12970; U-46619; Urotensin II; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (thromboxane A2 synthase); cardiovascular; peptides; U46619 is a thromboxane A2 synthase inhibitor; ischemia (cerebral).

P6197 Marshall,J.W.B., Green,A.R., Ridley,R.M. Comparison of the neuroprotective effect of clomethiazole, AR-R15896AR and NXY-059 in a primate model of stroke using histological and behavioural measures. Brain Research 2003; 972(-1-2-):119-126. >>> Clomethiazole; AR-R15896AR; NXY-059; SC; Monkey; 2001D; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by plasma drug concentration at 24 hours; pumps replaced after 24 hours; multiple pumps per animal (2 for NXY-059 exp); post-op care (incubator 3-5 days); AR-R15896AR is a low affinity uncompetetive NMDA antagonist; NXY-059 is a nitrone-derived free radical trapping agent; ischemia (cerebral).

P6151 Gustafsson,E., Lindvall,O., Kokaia,Z. Intraventricular infusion of TrkB-Fc fusion protein promotes ischemia-induced neurogenesis in adult rat dentate gyrus. Stroke 2003; 34(-11-):2710-2715. >>> IRKB-FC; Hu-FC; PBS; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Ischemia (cerebral).

P6150 Marshall,J.W.B., Cummings,R.M., Bowes,L.J., Ridley,R.M., Green,A.R. Functional and histological evidence for the protective effect of NXY-059 in a primate model of stroke when given 4 hours after occlusion. Stroke 2003; 34(-9-):2228-2233. >>> NXY-059; Saline; IV; Monkey (marmoset); 2001D; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; NXY-059 plasma levels taken; pumps replaced every 24 hours; post op. care (flunixin meglumine); behavior study; neuroprotective; ischemia (cerebral).

P5948 Prass,K., Scharff,A., Ruscher,K., Loewl,D., Muselmann,C., Victorov,I., Kapinya,K., Dirnagl,U., Meisel,A. Hypoxia-induced stroke tolerance in the mouse is mediated by erythropoietin. Stroke 2003; 34(-8-):1981-1986. >>> Erythropoietin, soluble receptor; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1003D; 64 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; ischemia (cerebral); human EPO used; 0.1%BSA used in vehicle.

P5916 Chaulk,D., Wells,J., Evans,S., Jackson,D., Corbett,D. Long-term effects of clomethiazole in a model of global ischemia. Experimental Neurology 2003; 182(-2-):476-482. >>> Clomethiazole; Saline, sterile; SC; Gerbil; 2001D; 25 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; CMZ plasma levels taken; neuroprotecitive; ischemia (cerebral).

P5903 McCullough,L.D., Blizzard,K., Simpson,E.R., Oez,O.K., Hurn,P.D. Aromatase cytochrome P450 and extragonadal estrogen play a role in ischemic neuroprotection. Journal of Neuroscience 2003; 23(-25-):8701-8705. >>> Fadrozole; Saline; SC; Mice (transgenic); 2002; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; fadrozole is a selective aromatose inhibitor; ischemia (cerebral).

P5874 Marcheselli,V.L., Hong,S., Lukiw,W.J., Tian,X.H., Gronert,K., Musto,A., Hardy,M., Gimenez,J.M., Chiang,N., Serhan,C.N., Bazan,N.G. Novel docosanoids inhibit brain ischemia-reperfusion-mediated leukocyte infiltration and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2003; 278(-44-):43807-43817. >>> 10,17S-docosatriene; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); Mice; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; good methods p. 43808; ischemia (cerebral); pump model not stated; 10,17S-docosatriene is a lipid docosanoid.

P5847 Lehmberg,J., Beck,J., Baethmann,A., Uhl,E. Bradykinin antagonists reduce leukocyte-endothelium interactions after global cerebral ischemia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2003; 23(-4-):441-448. >>> B9858; CP-0597; B9430; PBS; SC; Gerbil; 1007D; 4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ischemia (cerebral); bradykinin antagonists.

P5731 Sun,Y.J., Jin,K.L., Xie,L., Childs,J., Mao,X.O., Logvinova,A., Greenberg,D.A. VEGF-induced neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2003; 111(-12-):1843-1851. >>> Antibody, mouse IgG; antibody, anti-nogo-A monoclonal 7B12; PBS; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2ML2; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ control antibody or vehicle; antihypertensive; ALZET brain infusion kit used; ischemia (cerebral); "This study showed that pump-controlled delivery of a Nogo-A-specific antibody (7B12) initiated 24 hours after experimental stroke promoted improvement of long-term neurologic outcome in normotensive and SHR rats." (p. 162); schematic of ICV infusion and timeline of protocol (p. 157).

P5606 Harrigan,M.R., Ennis,S.R., Sullivan,S.E., Keep,R.F. Effects of intraventricular infusion of vascular endothelial growth factor on cerebral blood flow, edema, and infarct volume. Acta Neurochirurgica 2003; 145(-1-):49-53. >>> Vascular endothelial growth factor 165; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp/ w vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides; ALZET brain infusion kit used; VEGF was recomb. human; ischemia (cerebral).

P5604 Yang,Y., Li,Q., Yang,T., Hussain,M., Shuaib,A. Reduced brain infarct volume and improved neurological outcome by inhibition of the NR2B subunit of NMDA receptors by using CP101,606-27 alone and in combination with rt-PA in a thromboembolic stroke model in rats. Journal of Neurosurgery 2003; 98(-2-):397-403. >>> CP-101; 606-27; Saline; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2001D; 24 hours; Controls received mp/ w vehicle; dose-response; ischemia (cerebral); 606-27 is a NMDA antagonist.

P5600 Sun,Y.J., Jin,K.L., Peel,A., Mao,X.O., Xie,L., Greenberg,D.A. Neuroglobin protects the brain from experimental stroke in vivo. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2003; 100(-6-):3497-3500. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1003D; 72 Hours; Antisense (neuroglobin); ischemia (cerebral).

P6139 Lee,J.M., Zipfel,G.J., Park,K.H., He,Y.Y., Hsu,C.Y., Choi,D.W. Zinc translocation accelerates infarction after mild transient focal ischemia. Neuroscience 2002; 115(-3-):871-878. >>> EDTA, calcium; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; post op. care (antibiotics given); custom cannula secured with Durelon Cement; ischemia (cerebral).

P5843 Rao,V.L.R., Bowen,K.K., Dhodda,V.K., Song,G.Q., Franklin,J.L., Gavva,N.R., Dempsey,R.J. Gene expression analysis of spontaneously hypertensive rat cerebral cortex following transient focal cerebral ischemia. Journal of Neurochemistry 2002; 83(-5-):1072-1086. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense (suppressor of cytokine signaling-3); cardiovascular; ALZET brain infusion kit used; brain tissue distribution; cerebral ischemia; "A good distribution of the FITC conjugated antisense was seen around the lateral ventricles, septum, striatum, hippocampus and cortex bilaterally." (p. 1075); ischemia (cerebral).

P5554 Bowler,R.P., Sheng,H.X., Enghild,J.J., Pearlstein,R.D., Warner,D.S., Crapo,J.D. A catalytic antioxidant (AEOL 10150) attenuates expression of inflammatory genes in stroke. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2002; 33(-8-):1141-1152. >>> AEOL 10150; PBS; IV (jugular); Mice; 1003D; 6 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; AEOL 10150 is a catalytic antioxidant metalloporphyrin; ischemia (cerebral).

P5544 Balestrino,M., Lensman,M., Parodi,M., Perasso,L., Rebaudo,R., Melani,R., Polenov,S., Cupello,A. Role of creatine and phosphocreatine in neuronal protection from anoxic and ischemic damage. Amino Acids 2002; 23(-1-3-):221-229. >>> Creatine; CSF/CNS; Rat; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; ischemia (cerebral).

P5519 Arvidsson,A., Collin,T., Kirik,D., Kokaia,Z., Lindvall,O. Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke. Nature Medicine 2002; 8(-9-):963-970. >>> Fibroblast growth factor 2; Epidermal growth factor; Ara-C; CSF, artificial; Albumin, rat serum; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1003D; 12 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; Ara-C is also called cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside (antimitotic drug); ischemia (cerebral).

P5390 Skifter,D.A., Allegrini,P.R., Wiessner,C., Mir,A.K. Similar time-course of interleukin-1 beta production and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in permanent focal brain ischemic injury. METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE 2002; 17(-3-):131-138. >>> zVAD-fmk; Phosphate buffer; DMSO; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001D; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (broad caspase inhibitor); ALZET brain infusion kit used; Interleukin-converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitor; ischemia (cerebral).

P5314 Sheng,H.X., Enghild,J.J., Bowler,R., Patel,M., Batinic-Haberle,I., Calvi,C.L., Day,B.J., Pearlstein,R.D., Crapo,J.D., Warner,D.S. Effects of metalloporphyrin catalytic antioxidants in experimental brain ischemia. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2002; 33(-7-):947-961. >>> AEOL 10150; PBS; IV (jugular); Mice; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; plasma levels of AEOL 10150 determined by HPLC; ischemia (cerebral).

P5038 Sydserff,S.G., Borelli,A.R., Green,A.R., Cross,A.J. Effect of NXY-059 on infarct volume after transient or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat; studies on dose, plasma concentration and therapeutic time window. Br.J Pharmacol 2002/1; 135(--):103-112. >>> NXY-059; Buffered saline; SC; rat; 2001D; 24 hours; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; dose-response (graph p. 107); 3, 5, or 7 pumps implanted concomitantly to achieve desired dosages; ischemia (cerebral).

P5036 Chen,P., Goldberg,D.E, Kolb,B, Lanser,M, Benowitz,L.I  PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2002; 99(-13-):9031-9036. >>> Inosine; Saline; CSF/CNS (cisterna magna); CSF/CNS; rat; 2004; 6 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced after 28 days; inosine is a purine nucleoside; ischemia (cerebral).

P5536 Katchanov,J., Harms,C., Gertz,K., Hauck,L., Waeber,C., Hirt,L., Priller,J., von Harsdorf,R., Bruck,W., Hortnagl,H., Dirnagl,U., Bhide,P.G., Endres,M. Mild cerebral ischemia induces loss of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and activation of cell cycle machinery before delayed neuronal cell death. J Neurosci. 2001; 21(-14-):5045-5053. >>> Uridine, bromodeoxy-; SC; Mice; 1003D; 72 hours; "The administratioin of BrdU via osmotic minipumps was at least as effective as a more established method of daily intraperitoneal injections as determined by comparing the number of BrdU-positive cells using the two protocols." (p. 5046); ischemia (cerebral); comparison of SC pump vs. IP injection.

P5017 Yano,T., Nakayama,R., Imaizumi,T., Terasaki,H., Ushijima,K. Dantrolene ameliorates delayed cell death and concomitant DNA fragmentation in the rat hippocampal CA1 neurons subjected to mild ischemia. RESUSCITATION 2001; 50(--):117-125. >>> Dantrolene; DMSO; Water; CSF/CNS; rat; 1003D; 3 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET Brain Infusion Kit used; vehicle was 50% DMSO, 50% water; 20 min agent infusion w/ microsyringe pump followed by 3-day infusion w/ ALZET; ischemia (cerebral).

P4957 Peeling,J., Del Bigio,M.R., Corbett,D., Green,A.R., Jackson,D.M. Efficacy of disodium 4-[(tert-butylimino)methyl]benzene-1,3-disulfonat e N-oxide (NXY-059), a free radical trapping agent, in a rat model of hemorrhagic stroke. Neuropharmacology 2001; 40(--):433-439. >>> NXY-059; Saline; SC; rat; 2ML1; 3 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma NXY-059 levels; dose-response (p. 436 section 3.1); stability verified by checking concentration of remaining drug p. 436); multiple pumps per animal (2); NXY-059 traps free radicals in the brain and may reduce brain injury in hemorrhagic stroke; ischemia (cerebral).

P4950 Rao,W.L.R., Dogan,A., Bowen,K.K., Dempsey,R.J. Ornithine decarboxylase knockdown exacerbates transient focal cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal damage in rat brain. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2001; 21(--):945-954. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Olignucleotide, sense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 5 days; controls received sense ODN, aCSF vehicle; functionality of mp verified incorrectly by weighing pumps after sacrifice; antisense; ODN used was ornithine decarboxylase antisense ODN; ischemia (cerebral).

P4905 Hayamizu,T.F., Chan,P.T., Johanson,C.E. FGF-2 immunoreactivity in adult rat ependyma and choroid plexus: Responses to global forebrain ischemia and intraventricular FGF-2. NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH 2001; 23(--):353-358. >>> NXY-059; Saline; SC; monkey (marmoset); 2001D; 14 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma drug levels; pumps replaced after 24 hours; NXY-059 is a novel free-radical trapping agent; multiple pumps per animal (2) used simultaneously; ischemia (cerebral).

P4822 Sameshima,H., Ikenoue,T. Long-term magnesium sulfate treatment as protection against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in seven-day-old rats.. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001; 184(--):185-190. >>> Magnesium sulfate;; SC;; rat (neonate);; 1003D;; 3 days;; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by measuring magnesium ion concentrations; teratology; seven-day old rat pups weithed on average 13.9±2.5 grams; neuroprotection; ischemia (cerebral).

P5802 Schäbitz,W-R., Hoffmann,T.T., Heiland,S., Kollmar,R., Bardutzky,J., Sommer,C., Schwab,S. Delayed neuroprotective effect of insulin-like growth factor I after experimental transient focal cerebral ischemia monitored with MRI. Stroke 2000; 32(-5-):1226-1233. >>> Insulin-like growth factor I; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Comparison of SC injections vs. ICV mp infusion; ischemia (cerebral); MRI study (Diffusion-Weighted MRI - DWI); flow moderator not replaced.

P5765 Clark,R.S.B., Kochanek,P.M., Watkins,S.C., Chen,M, Dixon,C.E., Seidberg,N.A., Melick,J., Loeffert,J.E., Nathaniel,P.D., Jin,K.L., Graham,S.T  J Neurochem 2000; 74(-2-):740-753. >>> Z-DEVD-FMK; DMSO; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Rat; 1003D; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (caspase-3); ALZET brain infusion kit used; 0.2%DMSO used; ischemia (cerebral).

P4762 Nishimura,Y., Ito,T., Saavedra,J.M. Angiotensin II AT1 blockade normalizes cerebrovascular autoregulation and reduces cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats.. Stroke 2000; 31(--):2478-2486. >>> Candesartan; Propranolol;; Sodium carbonate;; SC;; rat;; 3, 7, or 14 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; Candesartan is a AT1 antagonist (also called CV - 11974); ischemia (cerebral).

P4761 Osuga,H, Osuga,S, Wang,F., Fetni,R, Hogan,M.J, Slack,R.S, Hakim,A.M, Ikeda,J.-E, Park,D.S  PNAS 2000; 97(-18-):10254-10259. >>> Flavopiridol;; DMSO; Ringer's solution; Dye, Evans blue;; CSF/CNS;; rat;; 2001;; 7 days;; Controls received mp w/ DMSO; functionality of mp verified by pigmentation of cisterna magna and incorrect weighing method; ALZET brain infusion kit used; Note - pumps were incorrectly weighed after use to verify function; test solution was at concentration of 50 mM in DMSO and diluted to 100 or 500 mM in Krebs-Ringer's containing .01% Evans blue dye; ischemia (cerebral).

P3559 Yanamoto,H., Mizuta,I., Nagata,I., Xue,J.H., Zhang,Z., Kikuchi,H. Infarct tolerance accompanied enhanced BDNF-like immunoreactivity in neuronal nuclei. Brain Research 2000; 877(--):331-344. >>> Potassium Chloride; Saline; CSF/CNS (primary somatosensory area); rat; 2001; 48 hours; controls received mp w/ vehicle or no pump; ischemia (cerebral); KCl infused to cause cortical spreading depression; some controls received no pump;.

P5287 Smeda,J., Vasdev,S., King,S.R. Effect of poststroke captopril treatment on mortality associated with hemorrhagic stroke in stroke-prone rats. J Pharmacol Exp.Ther 1999/11; 291(-2-):569-575. >>> Aldosterone; PEG 300; SC; Rat; 6 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by aldosterone plasma levels; cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral).

P5256 Gillardon,F., Kiprianova,I., Sandkuhler,J., Hossmann,K.A., Spranger,M. Inhibition of caspases prevents cell death of hippocampal CA1 neurons, but not impairment of hippocampal long-term potentiation following global ischemia. Neuroscience 1999; 93(-4-):1219-1222. >>> Z-DEVD-FMK; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (caspase inhibitor); ischemia (cerebral); neuroprotection.

P5110 Dai,W-J, Funk,A, Herdegen,T, Unger,T, Culman,J  Stroke 1999; 30(--):2391-2399. >>> Irbesartan; Saline; Sodium hydroxide; CSF/CNS; rat; 2002; 5 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; good methods (priming p. 2392); cardiovascular; irbesartan is a selective AT1 receptor antagonist; ischemia (cerebral).

P4365 Kiprianova,I., Freiman,T.M., Desiderato,S., Schwab,S., Galmbacher,R., Gillardon,F., Spranger,M. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor prevents neuronal death and glial activation after global ischemia in the rat. Journal of Neuroscience Research 1999; 56(--):21-27. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor;; CSF, artificial;; CSF/CNS;; rat;; 2001;; 7 days; 24, 48, 96 hours;; controls received sham operations or mp with vehicle; peptides; ischemia (cerebral).

P4363 Li,A.-J., Oomura,Y., Sasaki,K., Suzuki,K., Hori,T. Protective effect of acidic fibroblast growth factor against ischemia-induced learning and memory deficits in two tasks in gerbils. Physiol.Behav. 1999; 66(-4-):577-583. >>> Fibroblast growth factor, acidic;; Saline; Heparin; BSA;; CSF/CNS;; gerbil;; 1007D;; 7 days;; controls received mp with vehicle; peptides; bovine aFGF used; bilateral cannulae connected to 2 pumps; ischemia (cerebral).

P4292 Marshall,J.W.B., Cross,A.J., Ridley,R.M. Functional benefit from clomethiazole treatment after focal cerebral ischemia in a nonhuman primate species. Experimental Neurology 1999; 156(--):121-129. >>> Clomethiazole;; IP;; monkey (marmoset);; 2001D;; 24 hours;; clomethiazole is neuroprotective in rodents following ischemia; ischemia (cerebral).

P4236 Yanamoto,H., Hashimoto,N., Nagata,I., Kikuchi,H. Infarct tolerance against temporary focal ischemia following spreading depression in rat brain. Brain Research 1998; 784(--):239-249. >>> Potassium chloride; CSF/CNS (neocortex); rat; 2 days; controls received mp w/saline; ischemia (cerebral).

P4176 Altura,B.M., Weaver,C., Gebrewold,A., Altura,B.T., Gupta,R.K. Continuous osmotic minipump infusion of alcohol into brain decreases brain (Mg2+) and brain bioenergetics and enhances susceptibility to hemorrhagic stroke: an in vivo 31P-NMR study. Alcohol 1998; 15(-2-):113-117. >>> Ethanol; Saline; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); rat; 2001; 2002; 7,14 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; toxicology; ALZET brain infusion kit used; 30% EtOH used; ischemia (cerebral).

P4118 Sakata,M., Yanamoto,H., Hashimoto,N., Iihara,K., Tsukahara,T., Taniguchi,T., Kikuchi,H. Induction of infarct tolerance by platelet-derived growth factor against temporary focal ischemia. Brain Research 1998; 784(--):250-255. >>> Platelet-derived growth factor; Saline; CSF/CNS (neocortex); rat; 2001; 2002; 3, 7, 14 days; controls received mp w/saline; peptides; ALZET brain infusion kit used; B-chain PDGF used; ischemia (cerebral).

P4059 Webb,R.L., Barclay,B.W., Navarrete,A.E., Wosu,N.J., Sahota,P. Protective effects of valsartan and benazeprilat in salt-loaded stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin.Exp.Hypertens. 1998; 20(-7-):775-793. >>> Valsartan; Benazeprilat; NaOH; SC; rat; 2ML2; 9.5 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; long-term study, pumps replaced every 2 weeks; radiotelemetric devices implanted concomitantly for blood pressure and heart rate measurement; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral).

P6330 MacLeod,A.B., Vasdev,S., Smeda,J.S. The Role of Blood Pressure and Aldosterone in the Production of Hemorrhagic Stroke in Captopril-Treated Hypertensive Rats. Stroke 1997; 28(-9-):1821-1829. >>> Aldosterone; PEG 300; SC; Rat; 2002; 4-7 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by drug plasma levels; no stress (see pg. 1826); cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral).

P4405 Cregan,E.F., Peeling,J., Corbett,D., Buchan,A.M., Saunders,J., Auer,R.N., Gao,M., McCarthy,D.J., Eisman,M.S., Campbell,T.M., Murray,R.J., Stagnitto,M.L., Palmer,G.C. [(S)-Alpha-phenyl-2-pyridine-ethanamine dihydrochloride], a low affinity uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartic acid antagonist, is effective in rodent models of global and focal ischemia. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1997; 283(--):1412-1424. >>> ARL 15896AR;; PBS;; SC;; rat;; 7 days;; controls received mp with vehicle; functionality of mp verified by blood levels; comparison of twice daily injections vs. mp; ARL 15896AR is [(S)-alpha-phenyl-2-pyridine-ethanamine dihydrochloride, a low affinity non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist; ischemia (cerebral).

P4085 Tajrine,D., Garofalo,L., Cuello,A.C., Ribeiro-da-Silva,A. Responses of cortical noradrenergic and somatostinergic fibres and terminals to adjacent strokes and subsequent treatment with NGF and/or the ganglioside GM1. J.Neurosci.Res. 1997; 50(--):627-642. >>> Nerve growth factor; GM1; Dye, Methylene blue; CSF, artificial; Albumin, bovine serum; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by measuring residual volume; peptides; ischemia (cerebral).

P3886 Wang,L., Kittaka,M., Sun,N., Schreiber,S.S., Zlokovic,B.V. Chronic nicotine treatment enhances focal ischemic brain injury and depletes free pool of brain microvascular tissue plasminogen activator in rats. J.Cereb.Blood Flow Metab. 1997; 17(--):136-146. >>> Nicotine tartrate; Saline; SC; rat; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by nicotine and cotinine levels in plasma; no stress (see pp. 137, 139); good methods (pg. 137); ischemia (cerebral).

P3453 Kawai,H., Yuki,S., Sugimoto,J., Tamao,Y. Effects of a thrombin inhibitor, argatroban, on ischemic brain damage in the rat distal middle cerebral artery occlusion model. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1996; 278(-2-):780-785. >>> Argatroban; Saline; Hydrochloric acid; IP; rat; 2ML1; no duration posted; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; ischemia (cerebral).

P3418 Kawamura,S., Li,Y., Shirasawa,M., Yasui,N., Fukasawa,H. Protective effect of nilvadipine on focal cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Neurol.Med.Chir. 1996; 36(--):151-155. >>> Nilvadipine; PEG; SC; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received vehicle infusion; antihypertensive; ischemia (cerebral).

P4009 Okada,M., Kobayashi,M., Maruyama,H., Takahashi,R., Ikemoto,F., Yano,M., Nishikibe,M. Effects of a selective endothelin a-receptor antagonist, BQ-123, in salt-loaded stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin.Exp.Pharmacol.Physiol. 1995; 22(--):763-768. >>> BQ123; Saline; SC; rat; 6 weeks; dose-response; endothelin receptor antagonist; ischemia (cerebral).

P3101 Wen,T.-C., Yoshimura,H., Matsuda,S., Aburaya,J., Kushihata,F., Sakanaka,M. Protective effect of basic fibroblast growth factor-heparin and neurotoxic effect of platelet factor 4 on ischemic neuronal loss and learning disability in gerbils. Neuroscience 1995; 65(-2-):513-521. >>> Platelet factor 4; Fibroblast growth factor; Antibody, bfgf neutralizing; Immunoglobulin, normal rabbit; PBS; Albumin, bovine serum; Heparin; CSF/CNS; gerbil; 2,7 days; controls received mp with saline; peptides; recomb. basic FGF used; ischemia (cerebral).

P4139 Zhu,C.Z., Auer,R.N. Intraventricular administration of insulin and IGF-1 in transient forebrain ischemia. J.Cereb.Blood Flow Metab. 1994; 14(--):237-242. >>> Insulin; Insulin-like growth factor I; PBS; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; the pH of the vehicle solution was adjusted to pH 4 (acidic) to maintain optimum stability of the IGF within the pumps; peptides; Evans Blue dye was infused through ventricular cannula in pilot study to ensure that infusate reached ventricular CSF; ischemia (cerebral).

P3846 Beck,T., Lindholm,D., Castren,E., Wree,A. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor protects against ischemic cell damage in rat hippocampus. J.Cereb.Blood Flow Metab. 1994; 14(--):689-692. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CSF, artificial; Serum, rat; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified at the end of infusion; peptides; cardiovascular; recombinant BDNF used; ischemia (cerebral).

P3115 Truelove,D., Shuaib,A., Ijaz,S., Richardson,S., Kalra,J. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and U78517F attenuate neuronal damage in gerbils with repeated brief ischemic insults. Neurochem.Res. 1994; 19(-6-):665-671. >>> Tempol; catalase; CSF/CNS; Gerbil; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp with saline; agents given separately and together; ischemia (cerebral).

P3114 Truelove,D., Shuaib,A., Ijaz,S., Ishaqzay,R., Kalra,J. Neuronal protection with superoxide dismutase in repetitive forebrain ischemia in gerbils. Free Rad.Biol.Med. 1994; 17(-5-):445-450. >>> Superoxide dismutase-PEG; Saline; CSF/CNS; gerbil; 1007D; 6 days; controls received mp with vehicle; ischemia (cerebral).

P3107 Tsukahara,T., Yonekawa,Y., Tanaka,K., Ohara,O., Watanabe,S., Kimura,T., Nishijima,T., Taniguchi,T. The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in transient forebrain ischemia in the rat brain. Neurosurgery 1994; 34(-2-):323-331. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Culture medium, CHO cell; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; no duration posted; culture medium was normal and 30-times concentrated; peptides; ischemia (cerebral).

P2616 Baskin,D.S., Widmayer,M.A., Browning,J.L., Heizer,M.L., Schmidt,W.K. Evaluation of delayed treatment of focal cerebral ischemia with three selective kappa-opioid agonists in cats. Stroke 1994; 25(-10-):2047-2054. >>> Dynorphin A (1-13); U-50,488; DuP E3800; SC; cat; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received mp w/ saline; no stress (see pg. 2048); ischemia (cerebral).

P2615 Bartus,R.T., Baker,K.L., Heiser,A.D., Sawyer,S.D., Dean,R.L., Elliott,P.J., Straub,J.A. Postischemic administration of AK275, a calpain inhibitor, provides substantial protection against focal ischemic brain damage. J.Cereb.Blood Flow Metab. 1994; 14(-4-):537-544. >>> AK275; Dye, Evans-Blue fluorescent; CSF, artificial; DMSO; CSF/CNS (occipital cortex); rat; 2001D; 17-25 hours; controls received vehicles; functionality of mp verified by in vitro tests; dose-response (pg. 542); enzyme inhibitor; pumps coated w/ paraffin to decrease delivery volume; "supracortical perfusion method": PE-10 tubing inserted 3 mm along surface of occipital cortex (pg. 539); ischemia (cerebral).

P2568 Hasegawa,Y., Fisher,M., Baron,B.M., Metcalf,G. The competitive NMDA antagonist MDL-100,453 reduces infarct size after experimental stroke. Stroke 1994; 25(-6-):1241-1246. >>> MDL 100,453; IV (jugular); rat; 2001D; 24 hours; controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; ischemia (cerebral).

P2629 Nakata,N., Kato,H., Kogure,K. Protective effects of basic fibroblast growth factor against hippocampal neuronal damage following cerebral ischemia in the gerbil. Brain Research 1993; 605(--):354-356. >>> Fibroblast growth factor; PBS; Albumin, bovine serum; CSF/CNS; gerbil; 4 days; peptides; basic FGF used; ischemia (cerebral).

P3309 Shuaib,A., Ijaz,S., Hasan,S., Kalra,J. Gamma-vinyl GABA prevents hippocampal and substantia nigra reticulata damage in repetitive transient forebrain ischemia. Brain Research 1992; 590(--):13-17. >>> GABA, gamma-vinyl-; Aminobutyric acid, Y-; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); gerbil; 5 days; Ischemia (cerebral).

P3222 Jablonskis,L.T., Rogers,P.F., Lungershausen,Y.K., Howe,P.R.C. Chronic central administration of enalaprilat lowers blood pressure in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. J.Auton.Nerv.Syst. 1992; 39(--):119-126. >>> Enalaprilat; Saline, sterile; Ethanol; CSF/CNS; rat; 2002; 2 weeks; controls received mp with saline or no treatment; enalaprilat maleate is MK-422; antihypertensive; ischemia (cerebral).

P2355 Lysko,P.G., Yue,T.-L., Gu,J.-L., Feuerstein,G. Neuroprotective mechanism of (+) SKF 10,047 in vitro and in gerbil global brain ischemia. Stroke 1992; 23(-9-):1319-1324. >>> SKF-10047; Saline; SC; gerbil; 1003D; 7 days; Ischemia (cerebral).

P1991 Hewitt,K., Corbett,D. Combined treatment with MK-801 and nicardipine reduces global ischemic damage in the gerbil. Stroke 1992; 23(-1-):82-86. >>> Nicardipine; SC; gerbil; 1003D; 3 days; no comment posted; antihypertensive; ischemia (cerebral).

P1916 Lee,K.S., Frank,S., Vanderklish,P., Arai,A., Lynch,G. Inhibition of proteolysis protects hippocampal neurons from ischemia. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. 1991; 88(--):7233-7237. >>> Leupeptin; CSF/CNS; gerbil; 3 days; Ischemia (cerebral); peptides.

P2699 Jacewicz,M., Brint,S., Tanabe,J., Wang,X.-J., Pulsinelli,W.A. Nimodipine pretreatment improves cerebral blood flow and reduces brain edema in conscious rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia. J.Cereb.Blood Flow Metab. 1990; 10(-6-):903-913. >>> Nimodipine; PEG 400; IV (femoral); rat; 5 hours; Ischemia (cerebral); controls received mp w/ vehicle; nimodipine is a calcium channel blocker.

P0742 Baskin,D.S., Hosobuchi,Y., Grevel,J.C. Treatment of experimental stroke with opiate antagonists, effects on neurological function, infarct size, and survival. J.Neurosurg. 1986; 64(--):99-103. >>> Diprenorphine; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Saline; SC; cat; 2ML1; 7 days; mp functionality and accuracy of delivery verified; acute ip adminis. of agents w/mp infusion; ischemia (cerebral).

P8160 Baskin,D.S., Hosobuchi,Y., Loh,H.H., Lee,N.M. Dynorphin (1-13) improves survival in cats with focal cerebral ischaemia. Nature 1984; 312(-5994-):551-552. >>> Enkephalin, Leu-; dynorphin; dynorphin (3-13); Saline; SC; Cat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; post op. care (penicillin E, lactated ringer's solution); ischemia (cerebral); animal info (adult, male, MCAO).

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