References on the Administration of Agents to the Solid Tissue of the Brain Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

R0234 Behlke,M.A. Progress towards in vivo use of siRNAs. MOLECULAR THERAPY 2006; 13(-4-):644-670. >>> RNA, small interfering; CSF/CNS (dorsal third ventricle); Mice; 2 weeks; Half-life (p. 649-650), 0.03-6.5 hrs in mice; brain tissue distribution; ALZET mentioned on pg. 659, ref. 206.

R0218 Miwa,T, Moriizumi,T, Horikawa,I, Uramoto,N., Ishimaru,T. Role of Nerve Growth Factor in the Olfactory System. Microscopy Res.and Tech. 2001; 58(--):197-203. >>> Antibody, anti-nerve growth factor; CSF/CNS (olfactory bulb); Mice; 2004; 28 days; ALZET pumps mentioned on pg. 200.

R0199 Morris,R.G.M., Moser,E.I., Riedel,G., Martin,S.J., Sandin,J., Day,M., O'Carroll,C. Elements of a neurobiological theory of the hippocampus: the role of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in memory. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIO LOGICAL SCIENCES 2003; 358(-1432-):773-786. >>> AP5, D-; LY326325; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (dorsal hippocampus); Rat; mice; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle.

R0198 Brundin,P. GDNF treatment in Parkinson's disease: time for controlled clinical trials?. Brain 2002; 125(--):2149-2151. >>> Glial-derived neurotrophic factor; CSF/CNS (dorsal putamen); CSF/CNS; Monkey; ; Neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease).

R0170 Naoi,M., Maruyama,W., Akao,Y., Yi,H. Dopamine-derived endogenous N-methyl-(R)-salsolinol - Its role in Parkinson's disease. NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY 2002; 24(-5-):579-591. >>> Salsolinol, N-methyl-(R)-; CSF/CNS (striatum); 1 week; Neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); Dopamine-derived alkaloid; pump use mentioned on p. 583.

P9175 Yoshimura,Y., Inaba,M., Yamada,K., Kurotani,T., Begum,T., Reza,F., Maruyama,T., Komatsu,Y. Involvement of T-type Ca2+ channels in the potentiation of synaptic and visual responses during the critical period in rat visual cortex. European Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 28(-4-):730-743. >>> Mibefradil; Saline; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Rat; 2001; ; Animal info (Long Evans, PD 25-30); 30 gauge cannula used; mibefradil is a voltage gated calcium channel (VGCC) blocker.

P9156 Du,Y.L., Li,X.P., Yang,D.H., Zhang,X.J., Chen,S., Huang,K.X., Le,W.D. Multiple molecular pathways are involved in the neuroprotection of GDNF against proteasome inhibitor induced dopamine neuron degeneration in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2008; 233(-7-):881-890. >>> Glial-derived neurotrophic factor, recomb.; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (striatum); Mice; 1002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit used; animal info (male, C57BL/6, 8 wks old); neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease).

P9150 Sugiyama,S., Di Nardo,A.A., Aizawa,S., Matsuo,I., Volovitch,M., Prochiantz,A., Hensch,T.K. Experience-dependent transfer of Otx2 homeoprotein into the visual cortex activates postnatal plasticity. Cell 2008; 134(-3-):508-520. >>> Otx2, protein; antibody, inhibitory otx2; RNA, small interfering, penetratin coupled; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Mice (transgenic); 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Otx2 KO); Otx2 is a homeoprotein.

P9139 Nicoletti,J.N., Shah,S.K., McCloskey,D.P., Goodman,J.H., Elkady,A., Atassi,H., Hylton,D., Rudge,J.S., Scharfman,H.E., Croll,S.D. Vascular endothelial growth factor is up-regulated after status epilepticus and protects against seizure-induced neuronal loss in hippocampus. Neuroscience 2008; 151(-1-):232-241. >>> Vascular endothelial growth factor, recomb. human; BowAng1; Flt-Fc; CSF/CNS (dorsal hippocampus); Rat; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ PBS; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, adult, 250-350 g.); cannula, polyvinyl catheter from Plastics One used; BowAng1 is a fusion of four molecules of angiopoietin-1 with two molecules of hFC; Flt-Fc is an immunoadhesin.

P9132 Liu,S., Xu,G.Y., Johnson,K.M., Echetebu,C., Ye,Z.M., Hulsebosch,C.E., McAdoo,D.J. Regulation of interleukin-1beta by the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the glutamate-injured spinal cord: Endogenous neuroprotection. Brain Research 2008; 1231(-;-):63-74. >>> Interleukin-1, beta-, recomb.; interleukin-1, receptor antagonist; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (subarachnoid space); Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200-250 g.); spinal cord injury.

P9086 Thomale,U., Tyler,B., Renard,V., Dorfman,B., Guarnieri,M., Haberl,H., Jallo,G. Local chemotherapy in the rat brainstem with multiple catheters: a feasibility study. Childs Nervous System 2009; 25(-1-):21-28. >>> Carboplatin; Dextrose; CSF/CNS (parenchyma); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; multiple pumps per animal (2, 3); animal info (male, Fisher); polyethylene tubing (PE) used; x-ray of skull showing cannulae position; pg. 22 illustration of pump and implanted cannulae.

P9064 Liu,X.M., Wang,Y.W., Li,D., Ju,X.L. Transplantation of rat neural stem cells reduces stereotypic behaviors in rats after intrastriatal microinfusion of Tourette syndrome sera. Behavioural Brain Research 2008; 186(-1-):84-90. >>> Serum, human; PBS; CSF/CNS (striatum); Rat; 72 hours; Controls received mp with control serum; animal info (male, female, Wistar, 7 wks old, 260-275 g.); pumps filled with PBS, PE tube filled with 50 ul Tourette syndrome sera; pumps implanted following 1 week recovery period from guide cannula implantation; rats were allowed 1 week recovery period prior to pump implantation.

P9062 Kaeaeriaeinen,T.M., Garcia-Horsman,J.A., Piltonen,M., Huotari,M., Maennistoe,P.T. Serotonergic activation after 2-week intrastriatal infusion of L-dopa and slow recovery of circling in rats with unilateral Nigral lesions. BASIC&CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY&TOXICOLOGY 2008; 102(-3-):300-307. >>> L-DOPA; NaCl, isotonic; ascorbic acid; CSF/CNS (striatum); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig.2, pg. 302); animal info (male, Wistar, 190-230 g.); pumps incubated at 37 degree Celsius overnight in isotonic saline; behavioral (rotational behavioral); neurodegenerative (Parkinson's Disease).

P9004 Clark,R.S.B., Nathaniel,P.D., Zhang,X.P., Dixon,C.E., Alber,S.M., Watkins,S.C., Melick,J.A., Kochanek,P.M., Graham,S.H. boc-Aspartyl(OMe)-fluoromethylketone attenuates mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and delays brain tissue loss after traumatic brain injury in rats. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2007; 27(-2-):316-326. >>> Nerve growth factor; CSF, artificial; albumin, mouse; CSF/CNS (parietal cortex); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 321); peptides; cardiovascular; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 280-400 g., CCI brain injury); behavioral testing (beam balance, beam walking, Morris water maze).

P8914 Huddleston,G.G., Paisley,J.C., Clancy,A.N. Effects of estrogen in the male rat medial amygdala: Infusion of an aromatase inhibitor lowers mating and bovine serum albumin-conjugated estradiol implants do not promote mating. Neuroendocrinology 2006; 83(-2-):106-116. >>> Fadrozole; Saline; CSF/CNS (medial amygdala); Rat; 2002; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; pumps replaced after 13 days; enzyme inhibitor (aromatase); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, > 70 days old); behavioral testing (sexual/mating behavior); cannula placement confirmed; endocrinology.

P8894 Davies,J.E., Tang,X.F., Bournat,J.C., Davies,S.J.A. Decorin promotes plasminogen/plasmin expression within acute spinal cord injuries and by adult microglia in vitro. Journal of Neurotrauma 2006; 23(-3-4-):397-408. >>> Decorin, recomb. human; PBS; CSF/CNS (lesion); Rat; 2001; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ cannula only; peptides; animal info (female, Sprague Dawley, 200-225 g.; SCI); cannula placement confirmed post mortem.

P8879 Robinson,L., Killop-Smith,S., Ross,N.L., Pertwee,R.G., Hampson,R.E., Platt,B., Riedel,G. Hippocampal endocannabinoids inhibit spatial learning and limit spatial memory in rats. Psychopharmacology 2008; 198(-4-):551-563. >>> SR141716A; Ethanol; Tween 80; SC; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Rat; 2002; ; Controls received mp w/ tween 80; animal info (male, Lister Hooded, 250-300g.); SR141716A is a CB1 receptor antagonist; cannulae position verified post mortem; bilateral infusion cannula; memory; learning.

P8737 Addy,N.A., Fornasiero,E.F., Stevens,T.R., Taylor,J.R., Picciotto,M.R. Role of calcineurin in nicotine-mediated locomotor sensitization. Journal of Neuroscience 2007; 27(-32-):8571-8580. >>> Cyclosporin; FK-506; rapamycin; PBS; Tween 20; DMSO; ethanol; cremaphor; CSF/CNS (ventral tegmental area); CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); Rat; 2004; 3-4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 8573); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250g); 25% DMSO.

P8711 Takamura,H., Ichisaka,S., Hayashi,C., Maki,H., Hata,Y. Monocular deprivation enhances the nuclear signalling of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the developing visual cortex. European Journal of Neuroscience 2007; 26(-10-):2884-2898. >>> Muscimol; Ringer's solution; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Rat; 1007D; 3, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 21 days old, adult).

P8705 Mizuno,M., Sotoyama,H., Narita,E., Kawamura,H., Namba,H., Zheng,Y.J., Eda,T., Nawa,H. A cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor ameliorates behavioral impairments induced by striatal administration of epidermal growth factor. Journal of Neuroscience 2007; 27(-38-):10116-10127. >>> Epidermal growth factor, recomb. human; Saline; CSF/CNS (striatum); CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); Rat; 2002; 8-14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; dose-response (fig. 1); peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); post op. care (cefmetazon); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 7-8 wks old, 300-380g); cannula position confirmed after completion of tests.

P8692 Navarro,V., Le Van Quyen,M., Martinerie,J., Rudrauf,D., Baulac,M., Menini,C. Loss of phase synchrony in an animal model of partial status epilepticus. Neuroscience 2007; 148(-1-):304-313. >>> Aminobutryic acid, gamma; Kreb's solution; CSF/CNS (left somatomotor cortex); Rat; 2001; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Wistar, 170-190g); epilepsy.

P8690 Vetencourt,J.F.M., Sale,A., Viegi,A., Baroncelli,L., De Pasquale,R., O'Leary,O.F., Castren,E., Maffei,L. The antidepressant fluoxetine restores plasticity in the adult visual cortex. Science 2008; 320(-5874-):385-388. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CSF/CNS (intracortical); Rat; 1 week.

P8676 Royo,N.C., LeBold,D., Magge,S.N., Chen,I., Hauspurg,A., Cohen,A.S., Watson,D.J. Neurotrophin-mediated neuroprotection of hippocampal neurons following traumatic brain injury is not associated with acute recovery of hippocampal function. Neuroscience 2007; 148(-2-):359-370. >>> NT-4/5, recomb. human; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS (somatosensory cortex); 1007D; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (cortex); good methods (p. 360); ALZET brain infusion kit 2 used; brain tissue distribution; post op. care (recovery on heating pad); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 350-400g); 0.1% BSA.

P8662 Berretta,S., Benes,F.M. A rat model for neural circuitry abnormalities in schizophrenia. Nature Protocols 2006; 1(-2-):833-839. >>> Picrotoxin; Saline; CSF/CNS (amygdala); Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; good methods p. 836; ALZET brain infusion kit used; animal info (Sprague-Dawley); schizophrenia; picrotoxin is a GABA-A receptor antagonist; new animal model for schizophrenia.

P8643 Simard,J.M., Tsymbalyuk,O., Ivanov,A., Ivanova,S., Bhatta,S., Geng,Z.H., Woo,S.K., Gerzanich,V. Endothelial sulfonylurea receptor 1- regulated NCCa-ATP channels mediate progressive hemorrhagic necrosis following spinal cord injury. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2007; 117(-8-):2105-2113. >>> Glibenclamide; oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate missense; repaglinide; oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; Saline; PBS; DMSO; SC; IV (jugular); CSF/CNS (parietal lobe); Rat; 2002; 1, 7, 10-14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense (Abcc8); ischemia (cerebral); animal info (female, Long-Evans, 275-350g, acute SCI); "We used constant infusion of a low dose of drug to achieve sustained occupancy of only high-affinity receptors." (p. 2109).

P8640 Meitzen,J., Moore,I.T., Lent,K., Brenowitz,E.A., Perkel,D.J. Steroid hormones act transsynaptically within the Forebrain to regulate neuronal phenotype and song stereotypy. Journal of Neuroscience 2007; 27(-44-):12045-12057. >>> Dihydrotestosterone; ICI-182,780; estradiol, 17B-; flutamide; DMSO; PEG 300; propanediol, 1, 2-; SC; CSF/CNS (HVC); CSF/CNS (robust nucleus arcopallium); Bird (sparrow); 1007D; 1002; 14, 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced after 14 days; cyanoacrylate adhesive; animal info (male, Gambel's white crowned, adult); HVC is the proper name for the telencephalic song nucleus; mp placed in custom built backpack strapped to bird's back w/harness made from surgical dressing, and a microcentrifuge tube; "pilot experiments showed that this arrangement kept the pump at its proper operating temperature (37oC), and that the pump retained saline throughout the entire release period." (p. 12047); ICI-182,780 is also known as faslodex.

P8622 Senechal,Y., Kelly,P.H., Cryan,J.F., Natt,F., Dev,K.K. Amyloid precursor protein knockdown by siRNA impairs spontaneous alternation in adult mice. Journal of Neurochemistry 2007; 102(-6-):1928-1940. >>> RNA, small interfering; RNAi buffer, isotonic; CSF/CNS (dorsal third ventricle); Mice; 1002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or control siRNA; no stress (see pg. 1934); animal info (male, C57BL/6JICO, 10-12 weeks old, 23-26 g); neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease); siRNA targets: amyloid precursor protein (APP), GFP, APP-mismatch, or non targeting control.

P8587 Mamounas,L.A., Altar,C.A., Blue,M.E., Kaplan,D.R., Tessarollo,L., Lyons,W.E. BDNF promotes the regenerative sprouting, but not survival, of injured serotonergic axons in the adult rat brain. J Neurosci 2000; 20(-2-):771-782. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, recomb. human; PBS, sterile; CSF/CNS (frontoparietal cortex); CSF/CNS (dorsal hippocampus); Rat; 1007D; 2002; 2004; 1,2,3 weeks; 1,3,8,18 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 4); peptides; brain tissue distribution; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 225-250 grams); mp and cannula primed 4-18 hours in 37 C PBS.

P8574 Cunningham,M.G., Ames,H.M., Donalds,R.A., Benes,F.M. Construction and implantation of a microinfusion system for sustained delivery of neuroactive agents. J Neurosci Methods 2007; 167(-2-):213-220. >>> Saline, sterile; dye, fast green; Saline; CSF/CNS (striatum); Rat; 1002; 1,2,4,5 days; 12 hours; Functionality of mp verified by residual volume; good methods (p. 214-217); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 400-450 grams); comparison of standard 28 gauge delivery cannula with 50 micron microcannula; one-half of mp coated with paraffin to reduce flow rate; borosilicate tubing used in microcannula; mp primed 12 hours in 37 C saline; "this technique allows small substructures to be targeted and reduces trauma in the area of intereset." (p. 213).

P8533 Morrey,J.D., Siddharthan,V., Olsen,A.L., Wang,H., Julander,J.G., Hall,J.O., Li,H., Nordstrom,J.L., Koenig,S., Johnson,S., Diamond,M.S. Defining limits of treatment with humanized neutralizing monoclonal antibody for West Nile virus neurological infection in a hamster model. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 2007/7; 51(-7-):2396-2402. >>> Antibody, monoclonal, hE16; CSF/CNS (pons); Hamster; 2001D; 24 hours; Controls received aCSF; functionality of mp verified by previous study with dye; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (female, Syrian golden, >7 weeks old); cannula placement confirmed with dye; E16 is anti-domain III of the West Nile Virus envelope protein.

P8447 Sheehan,J.J., Zhou,C., Gravanis,I., Rogove,A.D., Wu,Y.P., Bogenhagen,D.F., Tsirka,S.E. Proteolytic activation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by plasmin underlies excitotoxic neurodegeneration in mice. Journal of Neuroscience 2007; 27(-7-):1738-1745. >>> Antibody, anti-MCP-1; serum, goat; immunoglobilin G1, mouse; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 recomb.; antiplasmin, alpha2-; PBS; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Peptides; animal info (C57BL/6, wt, MCP-1 -/-, tPA -/-, plg -/-, 20-25g); neurodegenerative.

P8435 Saade,N.E., Al Amin,H., Baki,S.A., Chalouhi,S., Jabbur,S.J., Atweh,S.F. Reversible attenuation of neuropathic-like manifestations in rats by lesions or local blocks of the intralaminar or the medial thalamic nuclei. Experimental Neurology 2007; 204(-1-):205-219. >>> Lidocaine; Dye, China ink; CSF/CNS (PVN of thalamus); CSF/CNS (rostral medial nuclei of thalamus); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received sham treatment; comparison of lesions vs. mp; half-life (p. 216),<1hr; post op. care (dexamethasone, penicillin); animal info (male, female, Sprague-Dawley, 280-300 grams); "The effects of the microperfusion with lidocaine were more pronounced and durable than those of lesions." (p. 216).

P8432 Sonnier,L., Le Pen,G., Hartmann,A., Bizot,J.C., Trovero,F., Krebs,M.O., Prochiantz,A. Progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain of adult mice heterozygote for Engrailed1. Journal of Neuroscience 2007; 27(-5-):1063-1071. >>> Engrailed2, recomb. chick; Saline; CSF/CNS (substantia nigra); Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; brain tissue distribution; peptides; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's Disease); animal info (Swiss wt, 6-8 weeks old, male).

P8410 Putignano,E., Lonetti,G., Cancedda,L., Ratto,G., Costa,M., Maffei,L., Pizzorusso,T. Developmental Downregulation of histone post translational modifications regulates visual cortical plasticity. Neuron 2007; 53(-5-):747-759. >>> U0126; DMSO; saline; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Mice; 1007D; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (MEK); animal info (C57BL6/J, 4 wks old, 12-14 wks old); 0.5% DMSO.

P8384 Shekhar,A., Johnson,P.L., Sajdyk,T.J., Fitz,S.D., Keim,S.R., Kelley,P.E., Gehlert,D.R., DiMicco,J.A. Angiotensin-II is a putative neurotransmitter in lactate-induced panic-like responses in rats with disruption of GABAergic inhibition in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 26(-36-):9205-9215. >>> Allylglycine, L-; CSF/CNS (Dorsomedial hypothalamus); Rat; 2002; 12 days; Controls received no treatment to contralateral DMH or no treatment at all; funcionality of mp verified by examination of brain sections; enzyme inhibitor (glutamic acid decarboxylase); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 300-350g); cannula tip placement at reactive site confirmed with bicuculline methiodide injection; animal model of panic disorder.

P8382 Pocivavsek,A., Icenogle,L., Levin,E.D. Ventral hippocampal alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor blockade and clozapine effects on memory in female rats. Psychopharmacology 2006; 188(-4-):597-604. >>> Nicotine ditartrate; MLA; erythroidine, dihydro-beta; Saline, sterile; CSF, artifical; SC; CSF/CNS (ventral hippocampus); Rat; 2004; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, 200-300g.); neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease); methyllycaconitine; cannula placement confirmed w/ Chicago sky-blue dye; schizophrenia.

P8366 Dorrell,M.I., Aguilar,E., Scheppke,L., Barnett,F.H., Friedlander,M. Combination angiostatic therapy completely inhibits ocular and tumor angiogenesis. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2007; 104(-3-):967-972. >>> Vascular endothelial growth factor, aptamer; EMD472523; T2-TrpRS; PBS; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Rat; 2001D; 2ML2; 2ML4; 3,6 days; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cancer (gliosarcoma); animal info (male, Fischer, 344); EMD472523 is an integrin antagonist, VEGF aptamer is chemically identical to Macugen; T2 is a proteolytic fragment of tryptophan tRNA synthetase; all agents have angiostatic activity; tissue perfusion (tumor).

P8252 Lee,Y., Gaskins,D., Anand,A., Shekhar,A. Glia mechanisms in mood regulation: a novel model of mood disorders. Psychopharmacology 2007; 191(-1-):55-65. >>> PDC; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (basolateral amygadala); Rat; 1002; 4, 7, 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); animal info (male, Wistar, 275-300g.); L-trans-pyrrolidine-2, 4-dicarboxylic acid, a glial&neuronal glutamate transport inhibitor; cannulae location verified with cresyl violet staining; mood disorder model; tissue perfusion (basolateral amygadala).

P8219 Guillin,O., Diaz,J., Carroll,P., Griffon,N., Schwartz,J.C., Sokoloff,P. BDNF controls dopamine D3 receptor expression and triggers behavioural sensitization. Nature 2001; 411(-6833-):86-89. >>> Immunoglobulin G-Trk B; immunoglobulin G, human; CSF/CNS (striatum); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ IgG; dose-response (fig 3); brain tissue distribution; animal info (6-OHDA lesioned, male, Wistar, 180-200 grams); neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); tissue perfusion (striatum).

P8208 Martens,T., Schmidt,N.O., Eckerich,C., Fillbrandt,R., Merchant,M., Schwall,R., Westphal,M., Lamszus,K. A novel one-armed anti-c-met antibody inhibits glioblastoma growth in vivo. Clinical Cancer Research 2006; 12(-20-):6144-6152. >>> Antibody, anti-c-Met, OA5D5; Histidine; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Mice (nude); 2004; 12, 21, 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cancer (glioblastoma); ALZET brain infusion kit 2 used; animal info (male, NMRI-nu/nu, 6-8 wks old); "Because the OA-5D5 antibody is a relatively large but stable molecule, convection-enhanced drug delivery (by mp) was ideally suited to deliver it in our orthotopic model." (p.6151); tissue perfusion (tumor).

P8195 Mccoy,M.K., Martinez,T.N., Ruhn,K.A., Szymkowski,D.E., Smith,C.G., Botterman,B.R., Tansey,K.E., Tansey,M.G. Blocking soluble tumor necrosis factor signaling with dominant-negative tumor necrosis factor inhibitor attenuates loss of dopaminergic neurons in models of Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 26(-37-):9365-9375. >>> Endotoxin, LPS; XENP345; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (striatum); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, 200-225 grams, male, CDF, 200-240 grams); neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); dominant-negative TNF inhibitor; tissue perfusion (striatum).

P8152 Abizaid,A., Liu,Z.W., Andrews,Z.B., Shanabrough,M., Borok,E., Elsworth,J.D., Roth,R.H., Sleeman,M.W., Picciotto,M.R., Tschoep,M.H., Gao,X.B., Horvath,T.L. Ghrelin modulates the activity and synaptic input organization of midbrain dopamine neurons while promoting appetite. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2006; 116(-12-):3229-3239. >>> BIM-28163; Saline; CSF/CNS (ventral tegmental area); Mice; 1002; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (C57BL/6); cannula placement confirmed by histological exam w/ cresyl violet; tissue perfusion (ventral tegmental area).

P8145 Grommes,C., Landreth,G.E., Sastre,M., Beck,M., Feinstein,D.L., Jacobs,A.H., Schlegel,U., Heneka,M.T. Inhibition of in vivo glioma growth and invasion by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist treatment. MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY 2006; 70(-5-):1524-1533. >>> Pioglitazone; DMSO; PBS; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Rat; 2ML4; 3, 6, 9, 14, 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of oral admin. vs. mp; no stress (see p.1532); stability verified by in vitro incubation at 37 celsius for 21 days; cancer (glioma); ALZET brain infusion kit used; animal info (Sprague-Dawley, 200-250g.); 0.1% DMSO; Antineoplastic; tissue perfusion (tumor).

P8132 Haruta,M., Hata,Y. Experience-driven axon retraction without binocular imbalance in developing visual cortex. CURRENT BIOLOGY 2007; 17(-1-):37-42. >>> Muscimol; Saline; CSF/CNS (visual cortex, area 17); Cat (kitten); 2002; 2 weeks; Brain tissue distribution; post op. care (enrofloxacin); animal info (4 wks old, vision deprivation by eyelid suture); tissue perfusion (visual cortex).

P8129 Heinrich,C., Nitta,N., Flubacher,A., Muller,M., Fahrner,A., Kirsch,M., Freiman,T., Suzuki,F., Depaulis,A., Frotscher,M., Haas,C.A. Reelin deficiency and displacement of mature neurons, but not neurogenesis, underlie the formation of granule cell dispersion in the epileptic hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 26(-17-):4701-4713. >>> Antibody, monoclonal, CR-50; immunoglobulin G, mouse; DMEM; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ mouse IgG; ALZET brain infusion kit use; brain tissue distribution; animal info (male, C57BL/6, 8-10 wks old); Reelin-neutralizing antibody; DMEM is Dulbecco's modified eagle medium; tissue perfusion (hippocampus).

P8081 de Yebra,L., Malpesa,Y., Ursu,G., Pugliese,M., Lievens,J.C., Goff,L.K.L., Mahy,N. Dissociation between hippocampal neuronal loss, astroglial and microglial reactivity after pharmacologically induced reverse glutamate transport. NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL 2006; 49(-7-):691-697. >>> PDC; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Rat; 1007D; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ PBS; dose-response (fig.2); animal info (male, Wistar, 220-240g.); L-trans-pyrrolidine-2, 4-dicarboxylate; tissue perfusion (hippocampus).

P8078 Hoe,H.S., Pociuausek,A., Dai,H.N., Chakraborty,G., Harris,D.C., Rebeck,G.W. Effects of apoE on neuronal signaling and APP processing in rodent brain. Brain Research 2006; 1112(-;-):70-79. >>> Apolipoprotein E; apolipoprotein E3, recomb human; apolipoprotein E4, recomb human; Saline; CSF/CNS (dorsal hippocampus); Rat; 2001; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of icv injections vs. mp; peptides; animal info (Sprague-Dawley, 230-250g.); correct infusion sites confirmed post mortem; tissue perfusion (hippocampus).

P8071 Morrey,J.D., Siddharthan,V., Olsen,A.L., Roper,G.Y., Wang,H., Baldwin,T.J., Koenig,S., Johnson,S., Nordstrom,J.L., Diamond,M.S. Humanized monoclonal antibody against West Nile virus envelope protein administered after neuronal infection protects against lethal encephalitis in hamsters. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2006; 194(-9-):1300-1308. >>> Antibody, monoclonal, hE16; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (parenchyma); Hamster; 2001D; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or saline; comparison of ip injections vs. mp; brain tissue distribution; animal info (female, Syrian golden, 7 wks. old, 116g., infected w/ West Nile Virus); hE16 is specific for WNV envelope protein domain III "this delivery system facilitated broad delivery of Ab into the brain, with highest levels near the site of cannulation." (p.1305); tissue perfusion (parenchyma).

P8053 Bruno,M.A., Cuello,A.C. Activity-dependent release of precursor nerve growth factor, conversion to mature nerve growth factor, and its degradation by a protease cascade. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2006; 103(-17-):6735-6740. >>> Neuroserpin; GM6001; CSF, artificial, PBS; CSF/CNS (parietal cortex); Rat; 2001; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle into contralateral side; enzyme inhibitor (tpa, metalloproteinase); multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (Fischer 344, 6 month old); Lynch coil with air-oil spacer at mp end of tubing; bilateral infusion cannulae; tissue perfusion (parietal cortex).

P8036 Yasuhara,T., Matsukawa,N., Hara,K., Yu,G.L., Xu,L., Maki,M., Kim,S.U., Borlongan,C.V. Transplantation of human neural stem cells exerts neuroprotection in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 26(-48-):12497-12511. >>> Stem cell factor, human recomb.; PBS; CSF/CNS (striatum); Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Animal info (Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 grams); neurodegenerative (Parkinson's Disease); behavioral study; tissue perfusion (striatum).

P8017 Kawai,T., Takagi,N., Mochizuki,N., Besshoh,S., Sakanishi,K., Nakahara,M., Takeo,S. Inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase attenuates cellular proliferation and differentiation to mature neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus after transient forebrain ischemia in the adult rat. Neuroscience 2006; 141(-3-):1209-1216. >>> Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor; DMSO; CSF/CNS (dentate gyrus); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 4); enzyme inhibitor (VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase); ischemia (transient forebrain); animal info (male, Wistar, 8 weeks old, carotid artery occlusion); 0.5% DMSO; agent also known as 4-[(4'-chloro-2'-fluoro) phenylamino]-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline; tissue perfusion (dentate gyrus).

P8009 Niimura,M., Takagi,N., Takagi,K., Mizutani,R., Ishihara,N., Matsumoto,K., Funakoshi,H., Nakamura,T., Takeo,S. Prevention of apoptosis-inducing factor translocation is a possible mechanism for protective effects of hepatocyte growth factor against neuronal cell death in the hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2006; 26(-11-):1354-1365. >>> Hepatocyte growth factor; Saline; CSF/CNS (right hippocampal region); Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Animal info (male, Wistar, 200-250 grams); ischemia (cerebral); tissue perfusion (hippocampal region).

P8008 Niimura,M., Takagi,N., Takagi,K., Mizutani,R., Tanonaka,K., Funakoshi,H., Matsumoto,K., Nakamura,T., Takeo,S. The protective effect of hepatocyte growth factor against cell death in the hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia is related to the improvement of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox factor-1 level and inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity. Neuroscience Letters 2006; 407(-2-):136-140. >>> Hepatocyte growth factor; CSF/CNS (right hippocampal region); Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Animal info (male, Wistar, 200-250 grams); ischemia (cerebral); tissue perfusion (hippocampal region).

P7978 Engelhardt,M., Di Cristo,G., Berardi,N., Maffei,L., Wahle,P. Differential effects of NT-4, NGF and BDNF on development of neurochemical architecture and cell size regulation in rat visual cortex during the critical period. European Journal of Neuroscience 2007; 25(-2-):529-540. >>> Nerve growth factor, mouse; NT-4, human recomb.; brain-derived neurotrophic factor, recomb. human; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Rat; 1007D; 8 days; Post op. care (antibiotics and local anesthetics); animal info (Long-Evans); dental cement used; 30 G cannula used; tissue perfusion (visual cortex).

P7975 Pyrko,P., Wang,W., Markland,F.S., Swenson,S.D., Schmitmeier,S., Schonthal,A.H., Chen,T.C. The role of contortrostatin, a snake venom disintegrin, in the inhibition of tumor progression and prolongation of survival in a rodent glioma model. Journal of Neurosurgery 2005; 103(-3-):526-. >>> Contortrostatin; CSF/CNS (intratumorally); Mice; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ PBS; plasma levels taken; cancer (glioma); brain tissue distribution; snake venom disintegrin; "agent was well tolerated by animals and lacks obvious neurotoxic side effects. All the contortrostatin treated mice survived the entire treatment period and continued to do well for seven more days after the termination." p. 533; tygon tubing used; tissue perfusion (tumor).

P7956 Di,Cristo G., Berardi,N., Cancedda,L., Pizzorusso,T., Putignano,E., Ratto,G.M., Maffei,L. Requirement of ERK activation for visual cortical plasticity. Science 2001/6/22; 292(-5525-):2337-2340. >>> U0126; PD 98059; SB203580; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Rat; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; stability verified by inhibition of ERK activation by picrotoxin; enzyme inhibitor (p38 MAP kinase); animal info (Dark-reared, P28); tissue perfusion (visual cortex).

P7948 Porritt,M.J., Batchelor,P.E., Howells,D.W. Inhibiting BDNF expression by antisense oligonucleotide infusion causes loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons. Experimental Neurology 2005; 192(-1-):226-234. >>> Oligonucleotide, sense; oligonucleotide, reverse; oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, antisense g-33p; PBS; CSF/CNS (substantia nigra pars compacta); Rat; 2004; 3,10,28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 228); antisense (BDNF); brain tissue distribution; cyanoacrylate adhesive; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 210-280 grams, 6-7 weeks old); unprotected oligos, rather than phosphothioate modified oligos, were used to minimize non-specific inflammatory response neurotoxicity; "infusing antisense, sense, or reverse oligonucleotides...did not affect the daily life of the animals. All were able to feed, drink, and move freely around their enclosure." (p. 228).

P7941 Cooper,J.D., Heppert,K.E., Davies,M.I., Lunte,S.M. Evaluation of an osmotic pump for microdialysis sampling in an awake and untethered rat. J.Neurosci.Methods 2007/3/15; 160(-2-):269-275. >>> Ringer's solution, lactated; CSF/CNS (striatum); Rat; 2ML1; 3-5 days; Functionality of mp verified by collection rate and volume; comparison of microdialysis syringe pump vs. mp; no stress; good methods; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 350-450 grams); mp used in novel microdialysis sampling technique; "...microdialysis probe did not significantly alter mp flow rate or precision;" allows microdialysis in untethered animals; "the osmotic pump can be an invaluable improvement over the syringe pump.".

P7904 Harding,T.C., Lalani,A.S., Roberts,B.N., Yendluri,S., Luan,B., Koprivnikar,K.E., Gonzalez-Edick,M., Guang,H.T., Musterer,R., VanRoey,M.J., Ozawa,T., LeCouter,R.A., Deen,D., Dickinson,P.J., Jooss,K. AAV serotype 8-mediated gene delivery of a soluble VEGF receptor to the CNS for the treatment of glioblastoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY 2006; 13(-5-):956-966. >>> Adeno-associated virus serotype 8 vector, recomb.; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Rat; 2001D; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ AAV control; cancer (glioblastoma multiforme, u-251 MG); gene thrapy; animal info (male, athymic, 6 wk. old); rAAV contains soluble VEGF inhibitor, sVEGFR1/R2; "Implantation of the mini pump allows the slow infusion of a rAAV vector...to transduce more effectively the intracranial tumor mass." (pg. 962); antiangiogenesis.

P7890 Boyadjieva,N., Advis,J.P., Sarkar,D.K. Role of beta-endorphin, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and autonomic nervous system in mediation of the effect of chronic ethanol on natural killer cell cytolytic activity. ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2006; 30(-10-):1761-1767. >>> Endorphin, B; corticotropin releasing hormone; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus); Rat; 2002; 16 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (male, Fischer, 160-175g.).

P7870 Nakai,S., Matsunaga,W., Ishida,Y., Isobe,K., Shirokawa,T. Effects of BDNF infusion on the axon terminals of locus coeruleus neurons of aging rats. NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH 2006; 54(-3-):213-219. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; antibody, anti-BDNF; brain-derived neurotrophic factor, biotin-labeled; immunoglobulin G; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS (frontal cortex); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or IgG; dose-response (fig. 3); ALZET brain infusion kit used; brain tissue distribution; peptides; post op. care (enrofloxacin); animal info (male, F344/N, 13 month old, 19 month old); mp primed 3-6 hours in 37 celsius saline.

P7846 Niimura,M., Takagi,N., Takagi,K., Funakoshi,H., Nakamura,T., Takeo,S. Effects of hepatocyte growth factor on phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and hippocampal cell death in rats with transient forebrain ischemia. European Journal of Pharmacology 2006; 535(-1-3-):114-124. >>> Hepatocyte growth factor, recomb. human; Saline, physiological; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Rat; 1003D; 1, 2, 3 days; 0.5, 1, 6 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 2); peptides; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, Wistar, 200-250g., transient forebrain ischemia by carotid artery occlusion); mp primed in 37 celsius saline.

P7844 Royo,N.C., Conte,V., Saatman,K.E., Shimizu,S., Belfield,C.M., Soltesz,K.M., Davis,J.E., Fujimoto,S.T., McIntosh,T.K. Hippocampal vulnerability following traumatic brain injury: a potential role for neurotrophin-4/5 in pyramidal cell neuroprotection. European Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 23(-5-):1089-1102. >>> Neurotrophin-4/5; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS (somatosensory cortex); Rat; 1007D; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 1095); stability verified by activity after 14 days in mp at 37 celsius; ALZET brain infusion kit II used; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 350-400g., traumatic brain injury by lateral fluid percussion); mp primed 18 hours at 37 celsius.

P7804 Zou,L.B., Mouri,A., Iwata,N., Saido,T.C., Wang,D.Y., Wang,M.W., Mizoguchi,H., Noda,Y., Nabeshima,T. Inhibition of neprilysin by infusion of thiorphan into the hippocampus causes an accumulation of amyloid beta and impairment of learning and memory. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2006; 317(-1-):334-340. >>> Thiorphan; Saline; ascorbic acid; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme ihibitor (neprilysin); neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease); animal info (male, Wistar, 8 wk old, 260-300g.).

P7799 Reimers,D., Herranz,A.S., az-Gil,J.J., Lobo,M.V.T., Paino,C.L., Alonso,R., Asensio,M.J., Gonzalo-Gobernado,R., Bazan,E. Intrastriatal infusion of liver growth factor stimulates dopamine terminal sprouting and partially restores motor function in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY&CYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 54(-4-):457-465. >>> Liver growth factor, rat; fibroblast growth factor, rat basic; Saline, physiological; albumin, rat; CSF/CNS (striatum); CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or no treatment; ALZET brain infusion kit used; peptides; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, 220-250g., 6-OHDA induced lesions).

P7792 Takehara-Nishiuchi,K., Nakao,K., Kawahara,S., Matsuki,N., Kirino,Y. Systems consolidation requires postlearning activation of NMDA receptors in the medial prefrontal cortex in trace eyeblink conditioning. Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 26(-19-):5049-5058. >>> Phosphonovaleric acid, 2-amino-5-; CSF/CNS (prefrontal cortex); Rat; 2002; 1, 2 weeks; 1 day; Controls received mp w/ a CSF; ALZET brain infusion kit 1 used; animal info (male, Wistar, 210-270g., 9 wk. old); NMDA receptor antagonist; cannula placement verified by Nissl-staining.

P7741 Hoe,H.S., Pocivavsek,A., Chakraborty,G., Fu,Z.Y., Vicini,S., Ehlers,M.D., Rebeck,G.W. Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 interactions with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2006; 281(-6-):3425-3431. >>> Peptide, Apo E; CSF/CNS (dorsal hippocampus); Rat; 2001; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ saline; peptides; cannula placement confirmed at dissection.

P7735 Silva-Barrat,C., Velluti,J., Szente,M., Batini,C., Champagnat,J. Exaggeration of epileptic-like patterns by nicotine receptor activation during the GABA withdrawal syndrome. Brain Research 2005; 1042(-2-):133-143. >>> Aminobutyric acid, gamma; CSF/CNS (somatomotor cortex); Rat; 2001; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ saline or no treatment; dependence; animal info (male, wistar).

P7718 Toyoda,I., Buckmaster,P.S. Prolonged infusion of cycloheximide does not block mossy fiber sprouting in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2005; 46(-7-):1017-1020. >>> Cycloheximide; CSF, artificial; fluorescein; DMSO; CSF/CNS (dentate gyrus); Rat; 1002; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 40-47 days old); 20% DMSO; 1 mp with agent, 1 mp with vehicle to provide internal control.

P7702 Guarnieri,M., Biser-Rohrbaugh,A., Tyler,B.M., Gabikian,P., Bunton,T.E., Wu,Q.Z., Weingart,J., Carson Sr,B.S. Toxicity of intracranial and intraperitoneal O6-benzyl guanine in combination with BCNU delivered locally in a mouse model. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol. 2002/11; 50(-5-):392-396. >>> Benzylguanine, 06-; Propylene glycol; ethanol; IP; CSF/CNS (parietal lobe); Mice; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; dose-response (table 2); comparison of IP injection vs. mp; stability verified by 14 days at 37 C, UV spectra analysis; good methods (p. 393); cancer (glioma brain); toxicology; animal info (female, BALB/C, 6-12 weeks old); 10% ETOH.

P7696 Wu,D.C., Teismann,P., Tieu,K., Vila,M., Jackson-Lewis,V., Ischiropoulos,H., Przedborski,S. NADPH oxidase mediates oxidative stress in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of Parkinson's disease. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A 2003/5/13; 100(-10-):6145-6150. >>> Tempol; CSF/CNS (striatum); Mice; 7 days; Neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease).

P7674 Chakrabarty,S., Martin,J.H. Motor but not sensory representation in motor cortex depends on postsynaptic activity during development and in maturity. Journal of Neurophysiology 2005; 94(-5-):3192-3198. >>> Muscimol; Saline; CSF/CNS (pericruciate cortex); Cat (kitten); 2002; 28 days; Pumps replaced at 14 days; animal info (83-91 days old); GABA agonist.

P7662 Li,L., Rema,V., Ebner,F.F. Chronic suppression of activity in barrel field cortex downregulates sensory responses in contralateral barrel field cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 2005; 94(-5-):3342-3356. >>> Muscimol; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (barrel field cortex); CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or agent delivered to visual cortex; comparison of acute ICV injection vs. mp; brain tissue distribution; cyanoacrylate adhesive; post op. care (neuropracin); animal info (male, Long-Evans 250-350 g, 2-3 mo old).

P7592 Imamura,K., Morii,H., Nakadate,K., Yamada,T., Mataga,N., Watanabe,Y., Mori,N. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor enhances expression of superior cervical ganglia clone 10 in lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex of developing kittens. European Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 23(-3-):637-648. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, recomb. human; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Cat (kitten); cat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; brain tissue distribution; peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); post op. care (ampicillin sodium).

P7569 Saade,N.E., Al Amin,H., Baki,S.A., Safieh-Garabedian,B., Atweh,S.F., Jabbur,S.J. Transient attenuation of neuropathic manifestations in rats following lesion or reversible block of the lateral thalamic somatosensory nuclei. Experimental Neurology 2006; 197(-1-):157-166. >>> Lidocaine; CSF/CNS (ventrobasal complex); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received no treatment or contralateral intact paw; post op. care (dexamethasone, penicillin; animal info (male, female, Sprague-Dawley, 290 g; spared nerve injury mononeuropathy; cannula placement confirmed by.

P7494 Bariohay,B., Lebrun,B., Moyse,E., Jean,A. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor plays a role as an anorexigenic factor in the dorsal vagal complex. Endocrinology 2005; 146(-12-):5612-5620. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, recomb. human; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (dorsal vagal complex); Rat; 1002; 15 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; dose-response (fig. 2); brain tissue distribution; peptides; animal info (male, Wistar, 290 g); cannula placement verified with pontamine blue dye.

P7485 Reeves,S.R., Carter,E.S., Guo,S.Z., Gozal,D. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II mediates critical components of the hypoxic ventilatory response within the nucleus of the solitary tract in adult rats. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2005; 289(-3-):R871-R876. >>> KN-93; PBS; CSF/CNS (caudate nucleus solitary tract); Rat; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); brain tissue distribution; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 275-300 g); CaMKII antagonist; cannula placement verified by fluorescent labeling.

P7483 Chen,Y., Ai,Y., Slevin,J.R., Maley,B.E., Gash,D.M. Progenitor proliferation in the adult hippocampus and substantia nigra induced by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Experimental Neurology 2005; 196(-1-):87-95. >>> Glial-derived neurotrophic factor, recomb. human methionyl; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (striatum); Rat; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; brain tissue distribution; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 2 month old).

P7462 Sakai,M., Kudoh,M. Characteristics of sound discrimination enhancement after sound exposure in adult rats. Behavioral Neuroscience 2005; 119(-4-):961-973. >>> Ap5, D-; Saline; CSF/CNS (auditory cortex); Rat; 1003D; 60 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 970); post op. care (ampicillin, fradiomycin); animal info (male, Wistar); cannula placement verified via fast blue dye; mp installed to externalization device.

P7434 Kawakami,K., Kioi,M., Liu,Q., Kawakami,M., Puri,R.K. Evidence that IL-13R alpha-2 chain in human glioma cells is responsible for the antitumor activity mediated by receptor-directed cytotoxin therapy. Journal of Immunotherapy 2005; 28(-3-):193-202. >>> Interleukin-13-PE38; interleukin-13Ra2, pME18S-; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Mice (nude); 1003D; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or antisense IL-13Ra2 plasmid vector; pumps replaced after 3 days; cancer (glioblastoma); cyanoacrylate adhesive; convection enhanced delivery; IL-13Ra2 cDNA encoding plasmid vector; "the upregulated IL-13 Ra2 chain was successfully targeted with a continuous infusion of IL-13 cytotoxin." (p. 199).

P7426 Beaver,C.J., Ji,Q., Fischer,Q.S., Daw,N.W. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase mediates ocular dominance shifts in cat visual cortex. Nat.Neurosci. 2001/2; 4(-2-):159-163. >>> Rp-8-CL-cAMPS; Phosphate buffer; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Cat (kitten); 6,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (protein kinase); ALZET brain infusion kit 3; post op. care (antibiotic/analgesic); animal info (25-31 days old, 15 weeks old); cannula was beveled.

P7423 Sorge,R.E., Rajabi,H., Stewart,J. Rats maintained chronically on buprenorphine show reduced heroin and cocaine seeking in tests of extinction and drug-induced reinstatement. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005; 30(-9-):1681-1692. >>> Buprenorphine; CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); Rat; 2ML2; ; Controls received incision and pocket, no pump; dependence; post op. care (antibiotic injection); animal info (male, long-evans, 350-375 g); Plastics One 20G cannula used.

P7417 Schmidt,N.O., Przylecki,W., Yang,W., Ziu,M., Teng,Y., Kim,S.U., Black,P.M., Aboody,K.S., Carroll,R.S. Brain tumor tropism of transplanted human neural stem cells is induced by vascular endothelial growth factor. NEOPLASIA 2005; 7(-6-):623-629. >>> Vascular endothelial growth factor, recomb. human; CSF/CNS (parenchyma); Mice; 2004; ; Controls received mp w/ PBS; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; cancer.

P7394 Guarnieri,M., Carson,B.S., Khan,A., Penno,M., Jallo,G.I. Flexible versus rigid catheters for chronic administration of exogenous agents into central nervous system tissues. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 2005; 144(-2-):147-152. >>> Doxorubicin; carboblatin; Dextrose solution; saline; CSF/CNS (parenchyma); Rat; 2001; ; Animal info (F, Fischer, 220 g); Functionality of mp verified by pump examination, post infusion; stability verified by previous studies, 14 days; good methods (p. 148); cancer (glioma); brain tissue distribution; Plastics One cannula used (stainless steel); "replacement of rigid infusion tubes [cannulae] with flexible tubing increases the reliability of local CNS drug infusions. Rigid catheters [cannulae] may allow backflow of the infused drug along the path of the catheters into the subdural space." (P. 147).

P7387 Yanamoto,H., Miyamoto,S., Tohnai,N., Nagata,I., Xue,J.H., Nakano,Y., Nakajo,Y., Kikuchi,H. Induced spreading depression activates persistent neurogenesis in the subventricular zone, generating cells with markers for divided and early committed neurons in the caudate putamen and cortex. Stroke 2005; 36(-7-):1544-1550. >>> Potassium chloride; Saline; CSF/CNS (cortex); Rat; 2001; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (Sprague Dawley, 8-9 weeks).

P7372 Gliddon,C.M., Darlington,C.L., Smith,P.F. Effects of chronic infusion of a GABAA receptor agonist or antagonist into the vestibular nuclear complex on vestibular compensation in the guinea pig. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2005; 313(-3-):1126-1135. >>> Muscimol; gabazine; Water, deionized; NaOH; CSF, modified artificial; CSF/CNS (vestibular nucleus complex); Guinea-Pig; 1003D; 30 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by agent placed in catheter, dyed sterile PBS placed in mp; dose-response (Fig. 2); post op. care (lidocaine, Bactroban); mp primed overnight in 37 degrees celsius sterile saline; cannula tip placement confirmed by Alcian blue injection; "The advantage of using mini-osmotic pumps is that, unlike injections, they are not associated with frequent handling of the animal, which can lead to stress modify the animal's vestibular, proprioceptive&visual information." (p. 1127).

P7352 Scharfman,H., Goodman,J., Macleod,A., Phani,S., Antonelli,C., Croll,S. Increased neurogenesis and the ectopic granule cells after intrahippocampal BDNF infusion in adult rats. Experimental Neurology 2005; 192(-2-):348-356. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS (dorsal hilus); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by immunochemistry&residual volume; brain tissue distribution; plastics one cannula; neurogenesis.

P7345 Wang,J., Tsirka,S.E. Tuftsin fragment 1-3 is beneficial when delivered after the induction of intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2005; 36(-3-):613-618. >>> Macrophage/Microglial inhibitory factor; Saline; CSF/CNS (caudate putamen); Mice; 1007D; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; free radicals; MIF; "overall mortality was<2%." p. 614.

P7332 Gu,Z.Z., Cui,J., Brown,S., Fridman,R., Mobashery,S., Strongin,A.Y., Lipton,S.A. A highly specific inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-9 rescues laminin from proteolysis and neurons from apoptosis in transient focal cerebral ischemia. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25(-27-):6401-6408. >>> Antibody, rabbit anti-pan laminin; serum, rabbit; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS (cortex); Mice; 1007D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ischemia (cerebral); MCA occlusion.

P7316 Dokur,M., Chen,C.P., Advis,J.P., Sarkar,D.K. Beta-endorphin modulation of interferon-gamma, perforin and granzyme B levels in splenic NK cells: Effects of ethanol. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2005; 166(-1-2-):29-38. >>> Endorphin, B-; CSF/CNS (paraventricular nucleus); Rat; 2002; 18 hours; Controls received mp w/ aCSF; immunology; peptides.

P7302 Singer,H.S., Mink,J.W., Loiselle,C.R., Burke,K.A., Ruchkina,I., Morshed,S., Parveen,S., Leckman,J.F., Hallett,J.J., Lombroso,P.J. Microinfusion of antineuronal antibodies into rodent striatum: Failure to differentiate between elevated and low titers. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2005; 163(-1-2-):8-14. >>> Serum, human; dye trypan blue; PBS; CSF/CNS (ventrolateral striatum); Rat; 1007D; 2002; 96 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or sham surgery; functionality of mp verified by observing progression of Typan blue in the catheter; immunology; cannula placement confirmed by India ink dye injection; 65 ul serum placed in catheter, Trypan blue solution placed in mp; serum continued high or low levels of antineuronal antibodies.

P7291 Harvey,R.J., Morando,L., Rasetti,R., Strata,P. Spontaneous electrical activity and dendritic spine size in mature cerebellar Purkinje cells. European Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 21(-7-):1777-1784. >>> Tetrodotoxin; Phosphate buffer; CSF/CNS (vermal cortex); Rat; 2002; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle.

P7283 Ozawa,T., Afzal,J., Lamborn,K.R., Bollen,A.W., Bauer,W.F., Koo,M.S., Kahl,S.B., Deen,D.F. Toxicity, biodistribution, and convection-enhanced delivery of the boronated porphyrin BOPP in the 9L intracerebral rat glioma model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS 2005; 63(-1-):247-252. >>> Porphyrin, boronated; PBS; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Rat; 2001D; 24 hours; Controls received no treatment; dose-response; comparison of IV injections vs. mp; cancer (brain glioma); toxicology.

P7219 Friel,K.M., Martin,J.H. Role of sensory-motor cortex activity in postnatal development of corticospinal axon terminals in the cat. Journal of Comparative Neurology 2005; 485(-1-):43-56. >>> Muscimol; Saline; CSF/CNS (motor cortex); Cat; 2002; 2, 4 weeks; Controls received no treatment; pumps replaced after 14 days; no stress (see pg. 54); ALZET brain infusion kit used; post op. care (broad spectrum antibiotic); GABA-A agonist; "muscimol infusion at the rate used does not have untoward toxic or damaging effects on the developing motor cortex." (p. 54).

P7212 Radecki,D.T., Brown,L.M., Martinez,J., Teyler,T.J. BDNF protects against stress-induced impairments in spatial learning and memory and LTP. Hippocampus 2005; 15(-2-):246-253. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, recomb. human; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or PBS or no treatment; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; no stress (see pg. 248); brain tissue distribution; peptides; cyanoacrylate adhesive; "Direct hippocampal infusion was used in our studies to maximize the targeting of BDNF within the hippocampus." (p. 251) Memory study.

P7197 MacKay,J.A., Deen,D.F., Szoka,FC Jr  Brain Research 2005; 1035(-2-):139-153. >>> Liposomes; FITC-dextran-lysine; Saline; tris buffer; CSF/CNS (caudate putamen); CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Rat; 2001D; 24 hours; Tissue perfusion (intratumoral); comparison of acute CSF/CNS injection vs. mp; half-life (p. 151) 9.9 hours; cancer (glioblastoma); ALZET brian infusion kit 2 used; brain tissue distribution; post op. care (buprenophine).

P7196 Ogawa,A., Dai,Y., Yamanaka,H., Iwata,K., Niwa,H., Noguchi,K. Ca2+/calmodulin-protein kinase II alpha in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis contributes to neuropathic pain following inferior alveolar nerve transection. Experimental Neurology 2005; 192(-2-):310-319. >>> KN-93; KN-92; DMSO; CSF/CNS (medulla); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ KN-92; enzyme inhibitor (calcium-calmodulin protein kinase II); peptides; cannula placement confirmed by dissection.

P7176 Daniel,J.M., Hulst,J.L., Lee,C.D. Role of hippocampal M2 muscarinic receptors in the estrogen-induced enhancement of working memory. Neuroscience 2005; 132(-1-):57-64. >>> AFDX 116; DMSO; ringer's solution; CSF/CNS (dorsal hippocampus); Rat; 48, 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of cannula placement verified by cresyl violet staining; ALZET brian infusion kit used; M2 receptor antagonist; memory.

P7140 Canudas,A.M., Pezzi,S., Canals,J.M., Pallas,M., Alberich,J. Endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor protects dopaminergic nigral neurons against transneuronal degeneration induced by striatal excitotoxic injury. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 2005; 134(-1-):147-154. >>> TrKB-IgG; immunoglobulin G, human; CSF/CNS (substantia nigra); Rat; 1002; 2-72 hours; Controls received mp w/ human IgG; peptides; mp filled with PBS connected to 10 cm of tubing filled with agent; mp primed 4 hours at 37 degrees celsius.

P7137 Baker,S.A., Baker,K.A., Hagg,T. D3 dopamine receptors do not regulate neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of adult mice. NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE 2005; 18(-3-):523-527. >>> DPAT, 7-hydroxy-U-99194A maleate; Saline; CSF/CNS; CSF/CNS (neostriatum); Rat; mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; stability verified by BrdU labeling; cyanoacrylate adhesive used.

P7123 Kimura,Y., Hirooka,Y., Sagara,Y., Ito,K., Kishi,T., Shimokawa,H., Takeshita,A., Sunagawa,K. Overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rostral ventrolateral medulla causes hypertension and sympathoexcitation via an increase in oxidative stress. Circulation Research 2005; 96(-2-):252-260. >>> Tempol; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (cisterna); Rat; 1002; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of CSF/CNS microinjections vs. mp; cardiovascular.

P7086 Al Amin,H.A., Atweh,S.F., Baki,S.A., Jabbur,S.J., Saade,N.E. Continuous perfusion with morphine of the orbitofrontal cortex reduces allodynia and hyperalgesia in a rat model for mononeuropathy. Neuroscience Letters 2004; 364(-1-):27-31. >>> Morphine sulfate; CSF/CNS (orbitofrontal cortex); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received no nerve injury; functionality of mp verified by histological assessment of cannula tip placement.

P7081 Matsuno,A., Katayama,H., Murakami,M., Nagashima,T. In vivo growth suppression of rat C6 glioma transplanted in rat brain using antisense oligonucleotide for microtubule-associated protein 1A messenger ribonucleic acid. British Journal of Neurosurgery 2004; 18(-4-):343-346. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothisate antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothisate sense; oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothisate scramble; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Rat; 1007D; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ sense or scrambled oligos; antisense (microtubule-associated protein 1A); cancer (glioma).

P7077 Lefranc,F., Mijatovic,T., Mathieu,V., Rorive,S., Decaestecker,C., Debeir,O., Brotchi,J., Van Ham,P., Salmon,I., Kiss,R. Characterization of gastrin-induced proangiogenic effects in vivo in orthotopic U373 experimental human glioblastomas and in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Clinical Cancer Research 2004; 10(-24-):8250-8265. >>> Gastrin-17; Saline; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Rat (nude); 1002; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; stability verified; cancer (glioma).

P7024 De Seranno,S., Estrella,C., Loyens,A., Cornea,A., Ojeda,S.R., Beauvillain,J.C., Prevot,V. Vascular endothelial cells promote acute plasticity in ependymoglial cells of the neuroendocrine brain. Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 24(-46-):10353-10363. >>> L-NAME; Sodium chloride; CSF/CNS (median eminence); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by determining correct cannula placement and exhaustion of infusion solution; enzyme inhibitor (NOS).

P6987 Yanamoto,H., Xue,J.H., Miyamoto,S., Nagata,I., Nakano,Y., Murao,K., Kikuchi,H. Spreading depression induces long-lasting brain protection against infarcted lesion development via BDNF gene-dependent mechanism. Brain Research 2004; 1019(-1-2-):178-188. >>> Potassium chloride; Saline; CSF/CNS (neocortex); Mice; 2002; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 183); ALZET brain infusion kit used.

P6976 Gerashchenko,D., Shiromani,P.J. Effects of inflammation produced by chronic lipopolysaccharide administration on the survival of hypocretin neurons and sleep. Brain Research 2004; 1019(-1-2-):162-169. >>> Endotoxin, LPS; PBS; CSF/CNS (hypothalamus); Rat; 2004; 30 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle into contralateral side of the brain; comparison of ICV injections vs. mp; multiple pumps per animal (2); EEG and EMG electrodes implanted recordings collected throughout infusion.

P6917 Dokur,M., Boyadjieva,N.I., Advis,J.P., Sarkar,D.K. Modulation of hypothalamic beta-endorphin-regulated expression of natural killer cell cytolytic activity regulatory factors by ethanol in male Fischer-344 rats. ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2004; 28(-8-):1180-1186. >>> Endorphin, beta; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (paraventricular nucleus); Rat; 2002; 6 days; Plastics One bilateral guide cannula used with a 'Y' connector.

P6908 Alonso,G., Galibert,E., Duvoid-Guillou,A., Vincent,A. Hyperosmotic stimulus induces reversible angiogenesis within the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei of the adult rat: a potential role for neuronal vascular endothelial growth factor. BMC NEUROSCIENCE 2005; 6(--):U1-U19. >>> Antibody, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor; PBS; CSF/CNS (supraoptic nucleus); Rat; 1007D; 6 days; Schematic fig 9; 10 mm, 26 gauge cannula used.

P6905 Zhang,Y., Kanaho,Y., Frohman,M.A., Tsirka,S.E. Phospholipase D1-promoted release of tissue plasminogen activator facilitates neurite outgrowth. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25(-7-):1797-1805. >>> Virus, sinbus suspension; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); SC; Mice; 1007D; 4,7 days; Controls received mp w/ sin-EGFP.

P6890 Liu,I.Y.C., Lyons,W.E., Mamounas,L.A., Thompson,R.F. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor plays a critical role in contextual fear conditioning. Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 24(-36-):7958-7963. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, recomb. human; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Mice; 1007D; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (BDNF knockout mice); dose-response (fig. 7); pumps replaced at the end of the 1st week; no stress (see pg. 7960); brain tissue distribution; peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); "all mice appeared well groomed and healthy and exhibited no abnormal behaviors in their home cage." (p. 7960).

P6889 Shahar,T., House,S.B., Gainer,H. Neural activity protects hypothalamic magnocellular neurons against axotomy-induced programmed cell death. Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 24(-29-):6553-6562. >>> Tetrodotoxin; PBS, sterile; CSF/CNS (supraoptic nucleus); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle to contralateral side; good methods (p. 6554); multiple pumps per animal (2); post op. care (ketoprofen); diagram shows placement of mp (fig. 1); mp filled >12 hours before surgery and primed in PBS at 37 degrees Celsius.

P6867 Xu,B., Michalski,B., Racine,R.J., Fahnestock,M. The effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) administration on kindling induction, Trk expression and seizure-related morphological changes. Neuroscience 2004; 126(-3-):521-531. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; cytochrome C; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ cytochrome C; comparison of bolus injections vs. mp; ALZET brain infusion kit used.

P6864 Giraldi-Guimaraes,A., De Bittencourt-Navarrete,R.E., Nascimento,I.C.C., Salazar,P.R., Freitas-Campos,D., Mendez-Otero,R. Postnatal expression of the plasticity-related nerve growth factor-induced gene A (NGFI-A) protein in the superficial layers of the rat superior colliculus: Relation to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function. Neuroscience 2004; 129(-2-):371-380. >>> MK-801, hydrogen maleate; Sodium chloride; CSF/CNS (superior colliculus); Rat; 2002; 12 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP injections vs. mp.

P6823 Kikuchi,K., Kishino,A, Konishi,O, Kumagai,K  Journal of Biological Chemistry 2003; 278(-44-):42985-42991. >>> SM-216289; dye, evans blue; PBS; CSF/CNS (olfactory bulb); Rat; 2004; 2,3 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by control experiment using evans blue dye in mp; brain tissue distribution; agent also known as xanthofulvin.

P6786 Stein,T.D., Anders,N.J., DeCarli,C., Chan,S.L., Mattson,M.P., Johnson,J.A. Neutralization of transthyretin reverses the neuroprotective effects of secreted amyloid precursor protein (APP) in APPSW mice resulting in tau phosphorylation and loss of hippocampal neurons: Support for the amyloid hypothesis. Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 24(-35-):7707-7717. >>> Antibody, anti-transthyretin; immunoglobulin G, goat; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Mice (transgenic); mice; 2002; ; Controls received mp w/ goat IgG; ALZET Brain Infusion Kit used; brain tissue distribution; cyanoacrylate adhesive; neurodegenerative disease (Alzheimer's).

P6775 Gawlick,U., Kranz,D.M., Schepkin,V.D., Roy,E.J. A conjugate of a tumor-targeting ligand and a T cell costimulatory antibody to treat brain tumors. Bioconjugate Chemistry 2004; 15(-5-):1137-1145. >>> Antibody, anti-CD28 Fab/Folate; gadolinium; PBS; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Mice (transgenic); 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by MRI w/ gadolinium infusion; comparison of IV, SC, ICV injections vs. mp; cancer (brain, choroid plexus); brain tissue distribution; MRI; cyanoacrylate adhesive; "The strongest effect on tumor growth assessed of anti-CD28 fab/Folate." (p. 1143). Plastics One cannula used.

P6770 Canals,J.M., Pineda,J.R., Torres-Peraza,J.F., Bosch,M., Martin-Ibanez,R., Munoz,M.T., Mengod,G., Ernfors,P., Alberch,J. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulates the onset and severity of motor dysfunction associated with enkephalinergic neuronal degeneration in Huntington's disease. Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 24(-35-):7727-7739. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; PBS; CSF/CNS (striatum); Mice (transgenic); 2001; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; neurodegenerative (Huntington's disease).

P6769 Thakker,D.R., Natt,F., Huesken,D., Maier,R., Mueller,M., van der Putten,H., Hoyer,D., Cryan,J.F. Neurochemical and behavioral consequences of widespread gene knockdown in the adult mouse brain by using nonviral RNA interference. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2004; 101(-49-):17270-17275. >>> RNA, small interfering; GBR 12909; RNAi buffer; CSF/CNS (dorsal third ventricle); Mice; 1007D; 1002; 1,2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense (EGFP, DAT, scrambled sequence); Plastics One cannula used; "Results highlight the temporal effects of siRNA, requiring a constant minipump-mediated infusion in the dorsal third ventricle for a stable and bilateral knockdown of gene expression in the brain." (p. 17275); gene therapy.

P6764 Frewert,S., Stockhammer,F., Warschewske,G., Zenclussen,A.C., Rupprecht,S., Volk,H.D., Woiciechowsky,C. Intratumoral infusion of interleukin-1 beta and interferon-gamma; induces tumor invasion with macrophages and lymphocytes in a rat glioma model. Neuroscience Letters 2004; 364(-3-):145-148. >>> Interleukin-1, beta recomb. rat; Interferon-gamma, recomb. rat; Saline, physiological; albumin, human serum; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Rat; 1003D; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (tumor); cancer (glioma).

P6720 Gondi,C.S., Lakka,S.S., Dinh,D.H., Olivero,W.C., Gujrati,M., Rao,J.S., Rao,J.S. RNAi-mediated inhibition of cathepsin B and uPAR leads to decreased cell invasion, angiogenesis and tumor growth in gliomas. ONCOGENE 2004; 23(--):8486-8496. >>> RNA, small interfering; EV/SV vector; PBS; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Mice (nude); ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (tumor); cancer (glioma); gene therapy; antiangiogenesis; siRNA (cathepsin B); pump model not stated (0.25 ul/hr); "...local intracranial delivery of pcu using mini-osmotic pumps effectively inhibited human malignant glioma growth.".

P6696 Boyadjieva,N.I., Dokur,M., Advis,J.P., Meadows,G.G., Sarkar,D.K. beta-endorphin modulation of lymphocyte proliferation: Effects of ethanol. ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2002; 26(-11-):1719-1727. >>> Endorphin, B-; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus); Rat; 2002; 16 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; mp connected w/ two infusion cannulae using a Y-connector.

P6679 Castellanos,M.R., Aguiar,J., Fernandez,C.I., Almaguer,W., Mejias,C., Varela,A. Evaluation of the neurorestorative effects of the murine beta-nerve growth factor infusions in old rat with cognitive deficit. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2003; 312(-4-):867-872. >>> Nerve growth factor, beta, murine; Saline; CSF/CNS (parenchyma); CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Comparison of ICV infusion vs. intraparenchymal infusion.

P6652 Eisch,A.J., Bolanos,C.A., de Wit,J., Simonak,R.D., Pudiak,C.M., Barrot,M., Verhaagen,J., Nestler,E.J. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the ventral midbrain-nucleus accumbens pathway: A role in depression. Biological Psychiatry 2003; 54(-10-):994-1005. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, human recomb.; CSF/CNS (ventral tegmentum); Rat; 1007D; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ saline; no stress (see pg. 1001); post op. care (penicillin [IM], topical antibiotic); cannula placement and gross morphology verified at end of infusion period.

P6643 Reyes,A.E., Chacon,M.A., Dinamarca,M.C., Cerpa,W., Morgan,C., Inestrosa,N.C. Acetylcholinesterase-A beta complexes are more toxic than A beta fibrils in rat hippocampus - Effect on rat beta-amyloid aggregation, laminin expression, reactive astrocytosis, and neuronal cell loss. American Journal of Pathology 2004; 164(-6-):2163-2174. >>> Amyloid protein, beta (1-40); acetylcholinesterase; PBS; CSF/CNS (dorsal hippocampus); Rat; 2002; 4 weeks; 14 days; Comparison of acute injections vs. mp; brain tissue distribution; peptides.

P6641 Figlewicz,D.P., Zavosh,A., Sexton,T., Neumaier,J.F. Catabolic action of insulin in rat arcuate nucleus is not enhanced by exogenous "tub" expression. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2004; 286(-6-):E1004-E1010. >>> Insulin; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (arcuate nucleus); Rat; 1007D; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 4); peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2).

P6637 Van der Zee,C.E.E.M., Hagg,T  Neuroscience 2002; 110(-4-):641-651. >>> Nerve growth factor-beta; CSF/CNS (ipsilateral septum); Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides.

P6635 Barton,M.E., White,H.S. The effect of CGX-1007 and CI-1041, novel NMDA receptor antagonists, on kindling acquisition and expression. Epilepsy Research 2004; 59(-1-):1-12. >>> CGX-1007; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (amygdala); Rat; 9 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of ICV injections vs. mp; peptides; CGX-1007 is a polypeptide NMDA receptor antagonist.

P6634 Croll,S.D., Ransohoff,R.M., Cai,N., Zhang,Q., Martin,F.J., Wei,T., Kasselman,L.J., Kintner,J., Murphy,A.J., Yancopoulos,G.D., Wiegand,S.J. VEGF-mediated inflammation precedes angiogenesis in adult brain. Experimental Neurology 2004; 187(-2-):388-402. >>> Vascular endothelial growth factor 164, mouse; Flt-Fc; angiopoietin I, human; angiopoietin II, human; PBS; CSF/CNS (frontoparietal cortex); Rat; 2002; 1,2,3,4,5,7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or hFc; dose-response (fig. 1); brain tissue distribution; peptides; cyanoacrylate adhesive (Loctite 495).

P6554 Hjortland,G.O., Garman-Vik,S.S., Juell,S., Olsen,O.E., Hirschberg,H., Fodstad,O., Engebraaten,O. Immunotoxin treatment targeted to the high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen prolonging the survival of immunodeficient rats with invasive intracranial human glioblastoma multiforme. Journal of Neurosurgery 2004; 100(-2-):320-327. >>> Antibody, monoclonal 9.2.27 - pseudomonas exotoxin A; dye, evans blue; PBS; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Rat (nude); 2001D; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ PBS; cancer (glioma biopsy tumors); ALZET brain infusion kit used; brain tissue distribution; mp primed in sterile saline at 37 degrees Celsius for 4 hours; mp removed after 3 days.

P6540 Grossi,P.M., Ochiai,H., Archer,G.E., McLendon,R.E., Zalutsky,M.R., Friedman,A.H., Friedman,H.S., Bigner,D.D., Sampson,J.H. Efficacy of intracerebral microinfusion of trastuzumab in an Athymic rat model of intracerebral metastatic breast cancer. Clinical Cancer Research 2003; 9(-15-):5514-5520. >>> Herceptin; antibody, anti-Her2 monoclonal; radio-isotopes; Saline; 125I tracer; IP; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Rat (athymic); 2ML1; 7 days; Tissue perfusion (tumor); herceptin serum levels (p. 5516); comparison of systemic IP mp vs. intracerebral mp infusion; cancer (breast); brain tissue distribution; radiolabeled herceptin (transtuzumab) was also infused intratumorally, peritumorally, and i.p to study tissue distribution.

P6535 Fischer,W., Gustafsson,L., Mossberg,A.K., Gronli,J., Mork,S., Bjerkvig,R., Svanborg,C. Human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (HAMLET) kills human glioblastoma cells in brain xenografts by an apoptosis-like mechanism and prolongs survival. Cancer Research 2004; 64(-6-):2105-2112. >>> Lactalbumin, alpha; HAMLET; radio-isotopes; 125I tracer; saline; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Rat (nude); 2001D; 1 day; Tissue perfusion (tumor); functionality of mp verified by autoradiography on brain sections; no stress (see pg. 2108); cancer (glioblastoma); brain tissue distribution; agent is called HAMLET or (human alpha lact albumin made lethal to tumor cells); "...there were no signs of edema or tissue damage in the surrounding brain, including the cortex, which had been penetrated by the [26 gauge] infusion cannula." p. 2108.

P6516 Ito,K., Hirooka,Y., Kishi,T., Kimura,Y., Kaibuchi,K., Shimokawa,H., Takeshita,A. Rho/Rho-kinase pathway in the brainstem contributes to hypertension caused by chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition. Hypertension 2004; 43(-2-):156-162. >>> Y-27632; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (cisterna); Rat; 1002; 2 weeks; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (Rho-kinase); cardiovascular.

P6468 Lane,D.A., Tortorici,V., Morgan,M.M. Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for tolerance to continuous morphine administration into the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. Neuroscience 2004; 125(-1-):63-69. >>> Morphine sulfate; CSF/CNS (periaqueductal gray); Rat; 2-4 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; tolerance.

P6463 Buckmaster,P.S. Prolonged infusion of tetrodotoxin does not block mossy fiber sprouting in pilocarpine-treated rats. Epilepsia 2004; 45(-5-):452-458. >>> Tetrodotoxin; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (dentate gyrus); Rat; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by tetrodotoxin immunoreactivity in sections around infusion site; brain tissue distribution.

P6456 Barcia,J.A., Castillo,A., Gutierrez,R., Gallego,J.M., Ortiz,L., Hernandez,M.E. Continuous intra-amygdalar infusion of GABA in the amygdala kindling model of epilepsy in rat. Epilepsy Research 2004; 58(-1-):19-26. >>> Aminobutyric acid, Y-; mannitol; Saline; CSF/CNS (amygdala); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/mannitol; functionality of mp verified by cutting open&visual inspection; dose-response (table 1); no stress (see pg. 25).

P6440 Matsunaga,W., Shirokawa,T., Isobe,K. BDNF is necessary for maintenance of noradrenergic innervations in the aged rat brain. NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 2004; 25(-3-):341-348. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; BDNF antibody-; immunoglobulin G; PBS; CSF/CNS (frontal cortex); Rat; 2002; 13-15 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; post op. care (antibiotic for 5 days after operation); cannula secured by dental cementl; BDNF dissolved in PBS (pH 7.4); brain tissue distribution was measured by biotin-labeled BDNF.

P6437 Wenk,G.L., gann-Gramling,K., Hauss-Wegrzyniak,B. The presence of the APPswe mutation in mice does not increase the vulnerability of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons to neuroinflammation. Neuroscience 2004; 125(-3-):769-776. >>> Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; memantine; CSF, artificial; saline; CSF/CNS (basal forebrain); Mice (transgenic); 1002; 20 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (basal forebrain); multiple pumps per animal (2); Plastics One cannula used with tygon tubing; secured with dental cement; second pump contained memantine/saline and was implanted on the other side of the spine.

P6435 Sinha,A.K., Azevedo,R., Chi,O.Z., Weiss,H.R. Down-regulation of AMPA glutamate receptors reduces cerebrocortical metabolic response to stimulation. Neurochemical Research 2004; 29(-7-):1425-1430. >>> AMPA; Ringer's solution; CSF/CNS (cortical surface); Rat; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle.

P6431 Loiselle,C.R., Lee,O., Moran,T.H., Singer,H.S. Striatal microinfusion of Tourette syndrome and PANDAS sera: Failure to induce behavioral changes. Movement Disorders 2004; 19(-4-):390-396. >>> Serum, human; Dye, Trypan blue; CSF/CNS (ventrolateral, ventral striatal); Rat; 1007D; 72 hours; Pumps (filled with dye) were attached to a length of catheter (filled with patient serum), which was attached to two cannulas (one to each location); infusion confirmed by observing the progression of dye in the PE tubing.

P6416 Shimegi,S., Fischer,Q.S., Yang,Y.P., Sato,H., Daw,N.W. Blockade of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase does not prevent the reverse ocular dominance shift in kitten visual cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 2003; 90(-6-):4027-4032. >>> Rp-8-cl-cAMPS; muscimol; PBS; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Cat (kitten); 2001; ; Post op. care (antibiotic Baytril and analgesic Buprenex).

P6400 Zhang,R.L., Zhang,Z.G., Wang,L., Wang,Y., Gousev,A., Zhang,L., Ho,K.L., Morshead,C., Chopp,M. Activated neural stem cells contribute to stroke-induced neurogenesis and neuroblast migration toward the infarct boundary in adult rats. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2004; 24(-4-):441-448. >>> Ara-C; Saline; CSF/CNS (cerebral cortex); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Ischemia (cerebral).

P6374 Souweidane,M.M., Occhiogrosso,G., Mark,E.B., Edgar,M.A., Dunkel,I.J. Interstitial infusion of carmustine in the rat brain stem with systemic administration of O(6)-benzylguanine. Journal of Neuro-oncology 2004; 67(-3-):319-326. >>> Carmustine; Dextrose water; CSF/CNS (brain stem); Rat; 2001D; 24 hours; Tissue perfusion (brain stem); good methods p. 321; cancer; carmustine (BCNU) was dissolved in 5% dextrose water; pump incorrectly listed as a 2001 model; 30 g Plastics One cannula used with vinyl tubing by DURECT.

P6373 Souweidane,M.M., Occhiogrosso,G., Mark,E.B., Edgar,M.A. Interstitial infusion of IL13-PE38QQR in the rat brain stem. Journal of Neuro-oncology 2004; 67(-3-):287-293. >>> Interleukin-13,PE38QQR; Saline; serum albumin; CSF/CNS (brain stem); Rat; 2001D; 24 hours; Tissue perfusion (brain stem); stability verified (7 days at 37 degrees Celsius); good methods p. 288; cancer; cyanoacrylate adhesive; pump incorrectly labeled as a 2001; IL13-PE38QQR is a tumor specific, chimeric cytotoxin; 30 g Plastics One Cannula used; vinyl catheter tubing from DURECT used.

P6363 Glezer,I., Zekki,H., Scavone,C., Rivest,S. Modulation of the innate immune response by NMDA receptors has neuropathological consequences. Journal of Neuroscience 2003; 23(-35-):11094-11103. >>> Endotoxin, LPS; MK-801; Saline; CSF/CNS (parenchyma); Rat; 2004; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; 28 g, Plastics One cannula used.

P6358 varez-Borda,B., Haripal,B., Nottebohm,F. Timing of brain-derived neurotrophic factor exposure affects life expectancy of new neurons. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2004; 101(-11-):3957-3961. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CSF/CNS (high vocal center); Bird (canary); 1007D; 6 days; 23 g guide cannula used; pumps implanted IP with an external catheter; infusion schematic p. 3958.

P6354 Harrington,A.W., Leiner,B., Blechschmitt,C., Arevalo,J.C., Lee,R., Moerl,L., Meyer,M., Hempstead,B.L., Yoon,S.O., Giehl,K.M. Secreted proNGF is a pathophysiological death-inducing ligand after adult CNS injury. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2004; 101(-16-):6226-6230. >>> Antibody, anti-nerve growth factor, neutralizing mouse; serum; immunoglobulin-G; penicillin; streptomycin; PBS; CSF/CNS (cortex); Rat; 2001; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle.

P6288 Quesada,A., Micevych,P.E. Estrogen interacts with the IGF-1 system to protect nigrostriatal dopamine and maintain motoric behavior after 6-hydroxdopamine lesions. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2004; 75(-1-):107-116. >>> Insulin-like factor 1; JB-1; CSF, artificial; SC; CSF/CNS (medial forebrain); Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Comparison of sc infusion vs icv infusion; ALZET brain infusion kit 2; parkinson's disease; JB-1 is an IGF-1 receptor antagonist; behavorial study; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); replacement therapy (ovariectomy).

P6243 Viegi,A., Cotrufo,T., Berardi,N., Mascia,L., Maffei,L. Effects of dark rearing on phosphorylation of neurotrophin Trk receptors. European Journal of Neuroscience 2002; 16(-10-):1925-1930. >>> Nerve growth factor; brain-derived neurotrophic factor, recomb. human; NT-4; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Rat; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ cytochrome c; peptides.

P6220 Pizzo,D.P., Winkler,J., Sidiqi,I., Waite,J.J., Thal,L.J. Modulation of sensory inputs and ectopic presence of Schwann cells depend upon the route and duration of nerve growth factor administration. Experimental Neurology 2002; 178(-1-):91-103. >>> Nerve growth factor, recomb. human; cytochrome c; PBS; CSF/CNS; CSF/CNS (nucleus basalis magnocellularis); Rat; 2004; 3,6 months; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study; pumps replaced every 4 weeks; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg. 98) minor inflammatory response at cannulation site; brain tissue distribution; peptides.

P6219 Suo,Z.M., Wu,M., Citron,B.A., Gao,C.H., Festoff,B.W. Persistent protease-activated receptor 4 signaling mediates thrombin-induced microglial activation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2003; 278(-33-):31177-31183. >>> Thrombin, alpha -; protease-activated receptor 1 agonist peptide; protease-activated receptor 4 agonist peptide; Saline; CSF/CNS (cortex); Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Peptides; recomb. human thrombin, alpha -, PAR1AP&PAR4AP used.

P6217 Leamey,C.A., Ho-Pao,C.L., Sur,M. Role of calcineurin in activity-dependent pattern formation in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the ferret. Journal of Neurobiology 2003; 56(-2-):153-162. >>> FK-506; DMSO; saline; CSF/CNS (dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus); Ferret (kit); 2002; 12 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; post op. care (prophylactically treated with amoxycillin); 50% DMSO used; 14-15 day told ferret kits received pumps.

P6149 Lu,X., Maysinger,D., Hagg,T. Tyrosine phosphatase inhibition enhances neurotrophin potency and rescues nigrostriatal neurons in adult rats. Experimental Neurology 2002; 178(-2-):259-267. >>> Peroxovanadium; phenylarsine oxide; PBS; DMSO; DMEM medium; CSF/CNS (substantia nigra); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Enzyme inhibitor (tyrosine phosphatase); neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); peroxovanadium was dissolved in PBS and infused for 2 weeks; phenylarsine oxide was dissolved in 0.1% DMSO in DMEM medium and infused for 2 weeks.

P6148 Leaver,H.A., Wharton,S.B., Bell,H.S., Leaver-Yap,I.M.M., Whittle,I.R. Highly unsaturated fatty acid induced tumor regression in glioma pharm acodynamics and bioavailability of gamma linolenic acid in an implanta tion glioma model: effects on tumour biomass, apoptosis and neuronal t issue histology. PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS 2002; 67(-5-):283-292. >>> Linolenic acid, gamma; PBS; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); 2001; 3-7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (tumor); cancer (glioma); ALZET brain infusion kit used.

P6129 Seeds,N.W., Basham,M.E., Ferguson,J.E. Absence of tissue plasminogen activator gene or activity impairs mouse cerebellar motor learning. Journal of Neuroscience 2003; 23(-19-):7368-7375. >>> Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; tissue plasminogen activator, STOP; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (cerebellum); Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; stability verified by amidolytic assays (tpa-STOP); good methods (p. 7369); half-life (p. 7369, 145 hours); ALZET brain infusion kit 1 used; recovery period; PAI-1 was recomb. mutant; "pump implantation and subsequent infusion of either aCSF or PAI-1 did not impair the mice's ability to perform a previously learned motor task." p. 7372; behavioral study.

P6080 Wenk,G.L., McGann,K., Hauss-Wegrzyniak,B., Rosi,S. The toxicity of tumor necrosis factor-alpha; upon cholinergic neurons within the nucleus basalis and the role of norepinephrine in the regulation of inflammation: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2003; 121(-3-):719-729. >>> Tumor necrosis factor, alpha; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (basal forebrain); Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (basal forebrain); Plastics One cannula used; "A volume overload to the brain tissue is minimal using this procedure because the 0.25 ul/hr administered contributes only about 0.2% of the total CSF volume produced by the mouse each hour..." p. 720; post op. care (1.0 ml of sterile saline (S.C) injected to prevent dehydration); neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease).

P6053 Chen,Z.L., Indyk,J.A., Strickland,S. The hippocampal laminin matrix is dynamic and critical for neuronal su rvival. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL 2003; 14(-7-):2665-2676. >>> Laminin-1; PBS; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Mice (knockout); 1007D; 5 days; Peptides.

P6052 Wang,J., Rogove,A.D., Tsirka,A.E., Tsirka,S.E. Protective role of tuftsin fragment 1-3 in an animal model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Annals of Neurology 2003; 54(-5-):655-664. >>> Macrophage/microglial inhibitory factor; Saline; CSF/CNS (caudate putamen); Mice (knockout); 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; macrophage/microglial inhibitory factor (MIF); (tuftsin fragment 1-3).

P6047 Ekdahl,C.T., Claasen,J.H., Bonde,S., Kokaia,Z., Lindvall,O. Inflammation is detrimental for neurogenesis in adult brain. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2003; 100(-23-):13632-13637. >>> Endotoxin, E. coli; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit used; tissue perfusion (cerebral tissue); endotoxin was from e. coli (serotype 055:B5).

P5996 Emsley,J.G., Hagg,T. Alpha6beta1 integrin directs migration of neuronal precursors in adult mouse forebrain. Experimental Neurology 2003; 183(-2-):273-285. >>> Laminin polypeptide; Acetic acid; rat serum albumin; gentamicin; CSF/CNS (neostriatum); Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; cannula affixed to the skull with cyanoacrylate adhesive (loctite 454); 3.0 mm long cannula; laminin is an A6B1 integrin ligand; schematic diagram of cannula placement (fig. 3; p. 278).

P5972 Hensch,T.K., Stryker,M.P. Columnar architecture sculpted by GABA circuits in developing cat visual cortex. Science 2004; 303(-5664-):1678-1681. >>> Diazepam; Propylene Glycol; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Cat (kitten); 2004; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Diazepam is a benzodiazepine agonist.

P5950 Schmidt,N.O., Ziu,M., Carrabba,G., Giussani,C., Bello,L., Sun,Y.P., Schmidt,K., Albert,M., Black,P.M., Carroll,R.S. Antiangiogenic therapy by local intracerebral microinfusion improves treatment efficiency and survival in an orthotopic human glioblastoma model. Clinical Cancer Research 2004; 10(-4-):1255-1262. >>> Endostatin, recomb. murine; PBS; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Mice (nude); 2004; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; comparison of SC injections vs. chronic ICV mp; no stress (see pg. 1261); cancer (glioma); ALZET brain infusion kit 1 used (per Dr. Carroll); MRI; "The direct infusion of therapeutic compounds into brain tumors can overcome some of the obstacles of drug delivery." p. 1255; BIK's removed prior to MRI; "no signs of intracranial bleeding due to the presence of the pumps or antiangiogenic treatment were observed..." (p. 1261); angiogenesis inhibitor; surgical glue used to affix cannula to the skull.

P5939 Caporaso,G.L., Lim,D.A., Alvarez-Buylla,A., Chao,M.V. Telomerase activity in the subventricular zone of adult mice. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE 2003; 23(-4-):693-702. >>> Ara-C; Saline; CSF/CNS (cerebral cortex); Mice; 6 days; Pump model not listed.

P5906 Nadeau,S., Rivest,S. Glucocorticoids play a fundamental role in protecting the brain during innate immune response. Journal of Neuroscience 2003; 23(-13-):5536-5544. >>> Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; L-NAME; endotoxin, LPS; Saline; BSA; ascorbic acid; PIPES; DMSO; CSF/CNS (cortex, dorsal basal ganglia); Rat; 2004; 3,7,14,21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (cerebral tissue&dorsal ganglia); enzyme inhibitor (nitric oxide); brain tissue distribution; guid cannula used; TNF-a was dissolved in saline + 0.1% BSA + 0.01% ascorbic acid; L-NAME was dissolved in PIPES&10% DMSO&infused into the dorsal basal ganglia.

P5905 Cesa,R., Morando,L., Strata,P. Glutamate receptor delta 2 subunit in activity-dependent heterologous synaptic competition. Journal of Neuroscience 2003; 23(-6-):2363-2370. >>> Tetrodotoxin; Phosphate buffer; CSF/CNS (dorsal vermal cortex); Rat (albino); 2002; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; brain tissue distribution.

P5904 Tropea,D., Caleo,M., Maffei,L. Synergistic effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and chondroitinase ABC on retinal fiber sprouting after denervation of the superior colliculus in adult rats. Journal of Neuroscience 2003; 23(-18-):7034-7044. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CSF/CNS (superior collicus); Rat; 1007D; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ cyctochrome c; peptides.

P5878 Schoning,B., Elepfandt,P., Daberkow,N., Rupprecht,S., Stockhammer,F., Stoltenburg,G., Volk,H.D., Woiciechowsky,C. Differences in immune cell invasion into the cerebrospinal fluid and brain parenchyma during cerebral infusion of interleukin-1 beta. NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES 2002; 23(-5-):211-218. >>> Interleukin-1, beta; Interleukin-6; Tumor necrosis factor-a; Albumin, human serum; CSF/CNS (hypothalamus, lateral ventricle); Rat; 1003D; 4,8,24,48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by CSF cell infiltration; dose-response (p. 213); ALZET brain infusion kit used; IL-1ßwas rat recomb; cannula position verified histologically; cytokine levels in CSF were assayed.

P5873 Touyarot,K., Poussard,S., Cortes-Torrea,C., Cottin,P., Micheau,J. Effect of chronic inhibition of calpains in the hippocampus on spatial discrimination learning and protein kinase C. Behavioural Brain Research 2002; 136(-2-):439-448. >>> Calpastatin, synthetic; CSF, artifical; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Mice (transgenic); 1007D; 7 days; Peptides; bilateral stainless steel guide cannula used; calpastatin is a calpain inhibitor; timeline schematic (p. 442).

P5836 Coesmans,M., Smitt,P.A.S., Linden,D.J., Shigemoto,R., Hirano,T., Yamakawa,Y., van Alphen,A.M., Luo,C.D., van der Geest,J.N., Kros,J.M., Gaillard,C.A., Frens,M.A., De Zeeuw,C.I. Mechanisms underlying cerebellar motor deficits due to mGluR1-autoantibodies. Annals of Neurology 2003; 53(-3-):325-336. >>> Antibody, Immunoglobulin G; Antibody, anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor I; CSF/CNS (gray matter); Mice; 1007D; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ IgG; 1 day recovery.

P5831 Ichisaka,S., Katoh-Semba,R., Hata,Y., Ohshima,M., Kameyama,K., Tsumoto,T. Activity-dependent change in the protein level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor but no change in other neurotrophins in the visual cortex of young and adult ferrets. Neuroscience 2003; 117(-2-):361-371. >>> Muscimol; Saline; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Ferret; 1003D; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle.

P5821 Isacson,R., Kull,B., Salmi,P., Wahlestedt,C. Lack of efficacy of 'naked' small interfering RNA applied directly to rat brain. Acta Physiol Scand 2003; 179(-2-):173-177. >>> RNA, small interfering; Water, RNAse-free; CSF/CNS (caudate putamen); Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; siRNA (dopamine D, receptors); ALZET brain infusion kit used.

P5820 Sorensen,D.R., Leirdal,M., Iversen,P.O., Sioud,M. Combination of endostatin and a protein kinase C alpha DNA enzyme improves the survival of rats with malignant glioma. NEOPLASIA 2002; 4(-6-):474-479. >>> Platelet factor-4; MMP-2 (hemopexin fragment); PBS; SC; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Mice; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ PBS; tissue perfusion (tumor); dose-response (p.2502); comparison of IP injections SC systemic mp infusion vs. local intracranial mp infusion; long-term study; pumps replaced after 28 days in some groups; stability verified by in vitro assay; cancer (glioma); Angiogenesis inhibitors; COOH terminal fragment of PF-4 used; In vitro activity of agents confirmed for up to 16 days; "In conclusion, our data demonstrates that local intracerebral delivery of endogenous inhibitors by osmotic minipumps is a very effective modality for the treatment of aggressive tumors..." (p.2505); tissue perfusion (tumor);.

P5813 Anderson,M.E., Postupna,N., Ruffo,M. Effects of high-frequency stimulation in the internal globus pallidus on the activity of thalamic neurons in the awake monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology 2003; 89(-2-):1150-1160. >>> MPTP; CSF/CNS (putamen); Monkey; ; Briefly mentions the use of a pump for one animal (p. 1151).

P5791 Sallmen,T., Lozada,A.F., Beckman,A.L., Panula,P. Intrahippocampal histamine delays arousal from hibernation. Brain Research 2003; 966(-2-):317-320. >>> Histamine; Saline; CSF/CNS (Dorsal Hippocampus); Squirrel; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; 1 week recovery period; bilateral cannula used; multiple pumps per animal (2); pump model not specified (0.25 ml/hr pump used); cannula placement verified at the end of study by eresyl violet staining.

P5765 Clark,R.S.B., Kochanek,P.M., Watkins,S.C., Chen,M, Dixon,C.E., Seidberg,N.A., Melick,J., Loeffert,J.E., Nathaniel,P.D., Jin,K.L., Graham,S.T  J Neurochem 2000; 74(-2-):740-753. >>> Z-DEVD-FMK; DMSO; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Rat; 1003D; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (caspase-3); ALZET brain infusion kit used; 0.2%DMSO used; ischemia (cerebral).

P5764 Liang,F.-Q., Allen,G., Earnest,D. Role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the circadian regulation of the suprachiasmatic pacemaker by light. J Neurosci 2000; 20(-8-):2978-2987. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; K252a; CSF, artificial; BSA; DMSO; CSF/CNS (suprachiasmatic nucleus); Rat; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of acute injections vs. mp p.2979; enzyme inhibitor (tyrosine kinase); BDNF was recombinant human; dissolved in a CSF&0.1% BSA; K252a was dissolved in DMSO; guide cannula used with a stylet; 3-day recovery period before pump implantation.

P5759 Aberg,M.A.I., Aberg,N.D., Hedbacker,H., Oscarsson,J., Eriksson,P.S. Peripheral infusion of IGF-I selectively induces neurogenesis in the adult rat hippocampus. J Neurosci 2000; 20(-8-):2896-2903. >>> Insulin-like growth factor I; Saline; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Rat; 2001; 2004; 6,10 days; Replacement therapy (hypophysectomized); peptides; 2001 used for 6 days&2004 used for 10 days.

P5754 Galve-Roperh,I., Sanchez,C., Cortes,M.L., Gomez Del Pulgar,T., Izquierdo,M., Guzman,M. Anti-tumoral action of cannabinoids: involvement of sustained ceramide accumulation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. Nat Med 2000; 6(-3-):313-319. >>> WIN-55,212-2; Cannabinol, delta-9-tetrahydro-; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Tissue perfusion (tumor); cancer; WIN-55,212-2 is a potent synthetic cannabinol agonist.

P5752 Boyadjieva,N., Dokur,M., Advis,J.P., Meadows,G.G., Sarkar,D.K. Chronic ethanol inhibits NK cell cytolytic activity: role of opioid peptide beta-endorphin. J Immunol 2001; 167(-10-):5645-5652. >>> Endorphin, B-; Naltrexone; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (paraventricular nucleus); Rat; 2002; 4,16 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; naltrexone is an opiate antagonist; used a Y connector to connect pump with a bilateral cannula.

P5714 Matsunaga,W., Shirokawa,T., Isobe,K. Specific uptake of Amyloid beta 1-40 in rat brain occurs in astrocyte, but not in microglia. Neuroscience Letters 2003; 342(-1-2-):129-131. >>> Amyloid protein, beta (1-40); Amyloid protein, beta (40-1); Water, distilled; CSF/CNS (hippocampus, frontal cortex); Rat; 2002; 13-15 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease).

P5664 Hagedorn,M., Zilberberg,L., Wilting,J., Canron,X., Carrabba,G., Giussani,C., Pluderi,M., Bello,L., Bikfalvi,A. Domain swapping in a COOH-terminal fragment of platelet factor 4 generates potent angiogenesis inhibitors. Cancer Research 2002; 62(-23-):6884-6890. >>> Platelet factor 4 peptides; PBS; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Mice (nude); 2004; 30 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (intratumoral); dose-response (p. 6888; fig 6); cancer; peptides; glioma; antiangiogenesis..

P5649 Norrholm,S.D., Bibb,J.A., Nestler,E.J., Ouimet,C.C., Taylor,J.R., Greengard,P. Cocaine-induced proliferation of dendritic spines in nucleus accumbens is dependent on the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase-5. Neuroscience 2003; 116(-1-):19-22. >>> Roscovitine; Sodium phosphate; sodium chloride; DMSO; CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); Rat; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (nucleus accumbens); enzyme inhibitor (cyclin dependent kinase-5); roscovitine is a potent Cdk5 inhibitor; bilateral cannula used; 50% DMSO used.

P5648 Occhiogrosso,G., Edgar,M.A., Sandberg,D.I., Souweidane,M.M. Prolonged convection-enhanced delivery into the rat brainstem. Neurosurgery 2003; 52(-2-):388-393. >>> FITC-Dextran; Fluorescein isothiocyanate; Dextran; Saline; CSF/CNS (brain stem, pons); Rat; 2001D; 2ML1; 24 hrs; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; good methods (p.389); cancer (glioma); brain tissue distribution; catheter from ALZET brain infusion kit 2 was used.

P5632 Wahle,P., Di Cristo,G., Schwerdtfeger,G., Engelhardt,M., Berardi,N., Maffei,L. Differential effects of cortical neurotrophic factors on development of lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus neurons: anterograde and retrograde actions. Development 2003; 130(-3-):611-622. >>> Nerve growth factor; NT-4/5; brainderived neurotrophic factor; leukemia inhibitory factor; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ cytochrome C; peptides..

P5609 Van Kampen,J.M., Stoessl,A.J. Effects of oligonucleotide antisense to dopamine D-3 receptor mRNA in a rodent model of behavioural sensitization to levodopa. Neuroscience 2003; 116(-1-):307-314. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, missense; Saline; CSF/CNS (striatum); Rat; 2001; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); nonspecific toxicity of antisense administration was minimized by "the use of partial rather than complete phosphorothioate modification, reducing the length of the oligonucleotide, and using a steady continuous infusion rather than bolus injections...(p. 309)..

P5550 Cenci,M.A. Transcription factors involved in the pathogenesis of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Amino Acids 2002; 23(-1-3-):105-109. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; CSF/CNS (striatum); Rat; 14 days; Neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); Antisense oligo is to cyclic AMP response - element binding protein (CREB).

P5537 Lodovichi,C., Berardi,N., Pizzorusso,T., Maffei,L. Effects of neurotrophins on cortical plasticity: same or different?. J.Neurosci. 2000/3/15; 20(-6-):2155-2165. >>> Nerve growth factor; NT-3; NT-4; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; cytochrome C; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Rat; 1007D; 1 week; Functionality of mp verified by detection of neurotrophins by immunohistochemistry; peptides; brain tissue distribution; mouse NGF, human recomb. NT-3 AND NT-4, and human recomb. BDNF used.

P5529 Antri,M., Orsal,D., Barthe,J.Y. Locomotor recovery in the chronic spinal rat: effects of long-term treatment with a 5-HT2 agonist. European Journal of Neuroscience 2002; 16(-3-):467-476. >>> Quipazine; Saline; CSF/CNS (subdural); Rat; 2004; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; serotonin.

P5519 Arvidsson,A., Collin,T., Kirik,D., Kokaia,Z., Lindvall,O. Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke. Nature Medicine 2002; 8(-9-):963-970. >>> 8-chloroadenosine-3',5'-monophosphorothioate; PBS; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Cat; 2001; 12 days; ALZET brain infusion kit used; enzyme inhibitor (protein kinase A).

P5489 Cuevas,P., Carceller,F., Diaz-Gonzalez,D., Cuevas,B., Fernandez,A., Garcia-Gomez,I., Dujovny,M. Inhibition of rat glioma growth by neomycin. Preliminary report. NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH 2002; 24(-6-):522-524. >>> Carboplatin; bis-chlorethyl nitrosourea; Propylene glycol; dextrose; CSF/CNS (brain stem); Rat; 2001; 26 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; stability verified by HPLC (p. 151); half-life (p. 154) for BCNU is<1 hr; cancer; brain tissue distribution; study evaluated effects of various infusion rates from 1-10 ul/hr to the brainstem and cortex.

P5387 Kanthasamy,A., Sprague,J.E., Shotwell,J.R., Nichols,D.E. Unilateral infusion of a dopamine transporter antisense into the substantia nigra protects against MDMA-induced serotonergic deficits in the ipsilateral striatum. Neuroscience 2002; 114(-4-):917-924. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (substantia nigra); Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Antisense; topical antibiotic used on incision to prevent infection; cannula placement verified post-experimentally by melthylene blue dye injection; antisense with specificity to dopamine transporter were used.

P5382 Margotti,E., Covaceuszach,S., Tongiorgi,E., Cattaneo,A., Domenici,L. TRKB signalling controls the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the visual cortex. European Journal of Neuroscience 2002; 16(-6-):1067-1074. >>> Immunoglobulin G, TrkB; Saline; CSF/CNS (occipital cortex); Rat (neonate); 16 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by TrkB-IgG immunohistochemistry in visual cortex; immunology; TrkB-IgG consists of the soluble form of the tirosine Kinase receptor engineered as an immunoadhesin by fusing it to the Fc portion of an IgG; 20-21 day old rats used; Fig. 2A (graphic of infusion site).

P5373 Takahashi,M., Fukami,S., Iwata,N., Inoue,K., Itohara,S., Itoh,H., Haraoka,J., Saido,T.C. In vivo glioma growth requires host-derived matrix metalloproteinase 2 for maintenance of angioarchitecture. Pharmacological Research 2002; 46(-2-):155-163. >>> TIMP-1; TIMP-2; PBS; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Rat; 2002; 3, 7, or 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (tumor); functionality of mp verified by immunohistochemistry of agents; cancer; enzyme inhibitor; ALZET brain infusion kit used; MMP inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloprotease = TIMP); rat glioma model.

P5360 Roloff,E.V., Platt,B., Riedel,G. No spatial working memory deficit in beta-amyloid-exposed rats - A longitudinal study. PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY&BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 2002; 26(-5-):955-970. >>> Amyloid protein, beta (1-40); Amyloid protein, beta (40-1); CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (hippocampus; ventricle); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease).

P5323 Proescholdt,M.A., Jacobson,S., Tresser,N., Oldfield,E.H., Merrill,M.J. Vascular endothelial growth factor is expressed in multiple sclerosis plaques and can induce inflammatory lesions in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis rats. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 2002; 61(-10-):914-925. >>> Tissue plasminogen activator; tissue plaminogen activator inhibitor; urokinase plasminogen activator; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Mice; 12 days.

P5275 Fagiolini,M., Hensch,T.K. Inhibitory threshold for critical-period activation in primary visual cortex. Nature 2000/3/9; 404(-6774-):183-186. >>> Diazepam; Propylene glycol; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Mice; 1007D; 4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of icv injections vs. mp; 50% propylene glycol used.

P5267 Taha,S., Stryker,M.P. Rapid ocular dominance plasticity requires cortical but not geniculate protein synthesis. Neuron 2002/4/25; 34(-3-):425-436. >>> Cycloheximide; Saline; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); CSF/CNS (lateral geniculate nucleus); Mice; 1002; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cycloheximide is a protein synthesis inhibitor; 2 experiments - 1 perfused the visual cortex, one perfused the LGN; bilateral infusion of saline and cycloheximide.

P5265 Rossi,F.M., Sala,R., Maffei,L. Expression of the nerve growth factor receptors TrkA and p75NTR in the visual cortex of the rat: development and regulation by the cholinergic input. J Neurosci. 2002/2/1; 22(-3-):912-919. >>> Nerve growth factor; Cytochrome C; Saline; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Peptides; One group of animals implanted w/ 2 pumps (one containing NGF, one containing Cytochrome C).

P5264 Kwon,B.K., Liu,J., Messerer,C., Kobayashi,N.R., McGraw,J., Oschipok,L., Tetzlaff,W. Survival and regeneration of rubrospinal neurons 1 year after spinal cord injury. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S A 2002/3/5; 99(-5-):3246-3251. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; PBS; Penicillin; Streptomycin; Albumin, rat serum; CSF/CNS (parenchyma); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; Peptides; cannula placement confirmed by histological analysis.

P5212 Lu,X., Bing,G., Hagg,T. Naloxone prevents microglia-induced degeneration of dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons in adult rats. Neuroscience 2000; 97(-2-):285-291. >>> Naloxone; PBS; ethanol; SC; CSF/CNS (substantia nigra); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle;CNS infusion using PBS; SC infusion in 60% ethanol vehicle to enhance solubility (p.286); SC infusion compared to CNS administration; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease).

P5208 Ramoa,A.S., Mower,A.F., Liao,D., Jafri,S.I. Suppression of cortical NMDA receptor function prevents development of orientation selectivity in the primary visual cortex. J Neurosci. 2001/6/15; 21(-12-):4299-4309. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; PBS; CSF/CNS (visual cortex); Ferret; 2002; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ missense ODNs; pumps replaced every 2 weeks; antisense ODN suppessed NMDA receptor; infusion rate set at 0.5 ul/hr, which was achieved by multiple pumps per animal (2) 2004 pumps implanted simultaneously or 2002 pumps replaced after 2 weeks.

P5196 El Haj,T., Poole,S., Farthing,M.J., Ballinger,A.B. Anorexia in a rat model of colitis: interaction of interleukin-1 and hypothalamic serotonin. Brain Res 2002/2/8; 927(-1-):1-7. >>> Antibody, anti-Tumor necrosis factor-a; Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; Immunoglobulin G; Saline; CSF/CNS (paraventricular nucleus); CSF/CNS; Rat; 1007D; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality verified by checking residual volume; peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); 1007D delivered IL-1 receptor antagonist or saline to paraventricular nucleus; 2001 pumps delivered anti-TNF-a antibody to PVN; bilateral cannulae used.

P5172 Glass,M.J., Briggs,J.E., Billington,C.J., Kotz,C.M., Levine,A.S. Opioid receptor blockade in rat nucleus tractus solitarius alters amygdala dynorphin gene expression. Am.J Physiol Regul.Integr.Comp Physiol 2002/7; 283(-1-):R161-R167. >>> Naltrexone; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (nucleus of solitary tract); Rat; 1007D; 13 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit used; 7-day recovery period; cannula placement verifyed by histological examination.

P5141 Scharfman,H.E., Goodman,J.H., Sollas,A.L., Croll,S.D. Spontaneous limbic seizures after intrahippocampal infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Exp.Neurol. 2002/4; 174(--):201-214. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Albumin, bovine serum; PBS; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); rat; 2002; 4 weeks; 14 days; controls received mp with vehicle or BSA; pumps replaced after 2 wks; peptides; brain tissue distribution (p. 205); recombinance human BDNF used; tubing broke off second pump (see p. 202).

P5130 Arthur,D., Levin,E.D. Chronic inhibition of alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic receptors in the ventral hippocampus of rats: impacts on memory and nicotine response. Psychopharmacology 2002; 160(--):140-145. >>> Erythroidine, dihydro-beta; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); rat; 2004; 28 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; dihydro-B-erythroidine is a nicotinic antagonist; alkaloid; bilateral cannula connected to 2 pumps: one infusing vehicle and one infusing DHBE; multiple pumps per animal (2); neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease research).

P5117 Boye,S.M., Pradhan,A.A.A., Grant,R.J., Clarke,P.B.S. Evidence for sequence-dependent and reversible nonspecific effects of PS-capped antisense treatment after intracerebral administration. Antisense&Nucleic Acid Drug Development 2002; 12(--):95-102. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Saline; CSF/CNS (ventral tegmental area); rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense; phosphorothioate phosphodiester, or mismatch oligonucleotides used.

P5116 Karimi-Abdolrezaee,S., Schreyer,D.J. Retrograde repression of growth-associated protein-43 mRNA expression in rat cortical neurons. Journal of Neuroscience 2002; 22(-5-):1816-1822. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, scrambled; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (preoptic area); CSF/CNS (hypothalamus); rat; 2002; 5 days; controls received scrambled oligodeoxynucleotide; functionality of mp verified by residual aspiration; antisense or scrambled ODN coded for estrogen receptor B2 gene activity; cannula patency verified at termination.

P5070 Gao,H.M., Jiang,J., Wilson,B., Zhang,W., Hong,J.S., Liu,B. Microglial activation-mediated delayed and progressive degeneration of rat nigral dopaminergic neurons: relevance to Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurochemistry 2002; 81(--):1285-1297. >>> Endotoxin, LPS; PBS; CSF/CNS (substantia nigra); rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual aspiration.

P5036 Chen,P., Goldberg,D.E, Kolb,B, Lanser,M, Benowitz,L.I  PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2002; 99(-13-):9031-9036. >>> Inosine; Saline; CSF/CNS (cisterna magna); CSF/CNS; rat; 2004; 6 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced after 28 days; inosine is a purine nucleoside; ischemia (cerebral).

P5032 Krum,J.M., Mani,N., Rosenstein,J.M. Angiogenic and astroglial responses to vascular endothelial growth factor administration in adult rat brain. Neuroscience 2002; 110(-4-):589-604. >>> Vascular endothelial growth factor; PBS; CSF/CNS (striatum); rat; 2001; 1, 3 or 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of gelfoam sponge administration vs. mp infusion; stress/adverse reaction (p. 592) necrotic tissue or cavity around cannula; peptides; brain tissue distribution, VEGF was recombinant human; some controls received cannulas with no pump attached.

P4992 Zhou,S.M., Cao,J.M., Tebb,Z.D., Ohara,T., Huang,H.L.A., Omichi,C., Lee,M.H., Kenknight,B.H., Chen,L.S., Fishbein,M.C., Karagueuzian,H.S., Chen,P.S. Modulation of QT interval by cardiac sympathetic nerve sprouting and the mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmia in a canine model of sudden cardiac death. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 2001; 12(--):1068-1073. >>> Nerve growth factor; Saline; Albumin, bovine serum; CSF/CNS (stellate ganglion); dog; 2ML4; 5 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (left and right stellate ganglion); cardiovascular; peptides; vehicle was saline with 0.1% bovine serum albumin.

P4987 Shekhar,A., Keim,S.R. LY354740, a potent group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist prevents lactate-induced panic-like response in panic-prone rats. Neuropharmacology 2000/4/27; 39(-7-):1139-1146. >>> Allylglycine, L-; CSF/CNS (dorsomedial hypothalamus); rat; 2002; ; functionality of mp verified by glutamic acid decarboxylase activity assay; peptides; GABA synthesis inhibitor; cannula patency verified by dye injection.

P4976 Morando,L., Cesa,R., Rasetti,R., Harvey,R., Strata,P. Role of glutamate delta-2 receptors in activity-dependent competition between heterologous afferent fibers. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2001; 98(--):9954-9959. >>> Tetrodotoxin; Phosphate buffer; CSF/CNS (dorsal vermal cortex); rat; 2002; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (vermis of cerebellum); brain tissue distribution.

P4960 Seri,B., Garcia-Verdugo,J.M., McEwen,B.S., Alvarez-Buylla,A. Astrocytes give rise to new neurons in the adult mammalian hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience 2001; 21(-18-):7153-7160. >>> Ara-C; Saline; CSF/CNS (surface of brain); mice; 1007D; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; brain tissue distribution; neurogenesis; AraC is cytosine-Beta-D-arabinofuranoside.

P4900 Cuevas,P., Carceller,F., Diaz,D., Reimers,D., Fernandez,M., Lozano,R.M., Gonzalez-Corrochano,R., Gimenez-Gallego,G. Abolished angiogenicity and tumorigenicity of rat glioma by 1-naphthal enemonosulfonate. Neuroscience Letters 2001; 308(--):185-188. >>> Naphthalenemonosulfonate, 1-; PBS; CSF/CNS (right caudate nucleus); rat; 2004; 27 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see p. 186); cancer (glioma); "Continuous substance infusion lasted for 27 days and neither biochemical parameters nor markers of tissue damage changed substantially during NMS treatment." p. 186..

P4853 Yang,L., Long,C., Faingold,C.L. Audiogenic seizure susceptibility is induced by termination of continuous infusion of gamma-aminobutyric acid or an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid antagonist into the inferior colliculus. Experimental Neurology 2001; 171(--):147-152. >>> Aminobutyric acid, Y-; AP7; Saline; CSF/CNS (inferior collicus); rat; 1002; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; AP7 is an NMDA receptor antagonist; seizures; bilateral cannula used; 1 week recovery period from surgery; cannula placement verified at end of experiment by histology.

P4825 Engelhard,H.H., Duncan,H.A., Kim,S., Criswell,P.S., Van Eldik,L. Therapeutic effects of sodium butyrate on glioma cells in vitro and in the rat C6 glioma model.. Neurosurgery 2001; 48(-3-):616-625. >>> Butyrate, sodium;; CSF/CNS (intratumoral);; rat;; 2ML2;; 2 weeks;; Controls received w/ saline; tissure perfusion (tumor); functionality of mp verified by residual volume; dose-response (graph on p. 621); cancer (glioma); Butyrate, sodium is a naturally occurring four-carbon fatty acid;.

P4798 Kirik,D., Georgievska,B., Rosenblad,C., Bjorklund,A. Delayed infusion of GDNF promotes recovery of motor function in the partial lesion model of Parkinson's disease.. European Journal of Neuroscience 2001; 13(--):1589-1599. >>> Glial-derived neurotrophic factor;; Saline; Serum, rat; Gentamycin;; CSF/CNS (striatum); CSF/CNS;; rat;; 2002;; 4 weeks;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; ALZET brain infusion kit used; peptides; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); neuroprotection;.

P4749 Fallon,J, Reid,S, Kinyamu,R, Opole,I, Opole,R, Baratta,J, Korc,M, Endo,T.L, Duong,A, Nguyen,G, Karkehabadhi,M, Twardzik,D, Loughlin,S  PNAS 2000; 97(-26-):14686-14691. >>> Transforming growth factor-a;; CSF, artificial;; CSF/CNS (striatum);; rat;; 2002; 2004;; 14, 28 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; good methods priming (p. 14686-87); ALZET brain infusion kit used; peptides; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease).

P4721 Blaha,G.R, Raghupathi,R., Saatman,K.E., McIntosh,T.K. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor administration after traumatic brain injury in the rat does not protect against behavioral or histological deficits.. Neuroscience 2000; 99(-3-):483-493. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor;; PBS;; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); CSF/CNS (cortex);; rat;; 2002;; 14 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by weight loss (statistically significant) from BDNF; Recombinant human met-BDNF used; 2 studies: 1 infused the hippocampus and 1 infused the cortex; peptides;.

P4714 Gillespie,D.C, Crair,M.C, Stryker,M.P. Neurotrophin-4/5 alters responses and blocks the effect of monocular deprivation in cat visual cortex during the critical period.. The Journal of Neuroscience 2000; 20(-24-):9174-9186. >>> NT-4/5; NT-3; Nerve growth factor;; PBS; BSA; Sodium acetate;; CSF/CNS (visual cortex);; cat; cat (kitten);; 1007D; 2001;; 7 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg. 9175) some cannulae were found to be obstructed at the end of experiment; peptides; cannulae patency verified at the end of experiment;.

P4709 Bancroft,A, Levin,E.D. Ventral hippocampal a4b2 nicotinic receptors and chronic nicotine effects on memory.. Neuropharmacology 2000; 39(--):2770-2778. >>> Nicotine ditartrate;; Saline;; CSF/CNS (hippocampus);; rat;; 2ML4;; 4 weeks;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; bilateral cannulation; dummy cannula used to maintain patency;.

P4708 Allan,S.M, Rothwell,N.J. Cortical death caused by striatal administration of AMPA and interleukin-1 is mediated by activation of cortical NMDA receptors.. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2000; 20(--):1409-1413. >>> NPQX; AP5, D-;; Saline, sterile; Serum albumin;; CSF/CNS (cortex);; rat;; ; Comparison of striatal injections vs. mp; "because of less reflux of the injected solution, more reproducible lesions were obtained in the cortex when an infusion pump was used, whereas no obvious difference in the striatal lesions between the two methods was found." P. 1410. D-AP5 is an NMDA-receptor antagonist..

P4687 Galuske,R.A.W., Kim,D.-S, Castren,E., Singer,W. Differential effects of neurotrophins on ocular dominance plasticity in developing and adult cat visual cortex.. European Journal of Neuroscience 2000; 12(--):3315-3330. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Nerve growth factor;; PBS; BSA; Cytochrome C;; CSF/CNS (visual cortex);; cat; cat (kitten);; 2001; 2002;; 7, 14 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; stress/adverse reaction (see pg. 3319) necrosis develops around the tip of the cannulae; 1 week stability of BDNF verified by bioassay; ALZET brain infusion kit used; peptides; brain tissue distribution; 2001 pump model used in kittens; 2002 pump model used in adult cats; location of cannulae placement confirmed at end of experiment by cresyl violet staining;.

P4678 Alea,O.A, Czapla,M.A, Lasky,J.A, Simakajornboon,N, Gozal,E, Gozal,D  Am.J.Physiol.Regulatory Integrative Comp.Physiol. 2000; 279(--):R1625-R1633. >>> Platelet-derived growth factor - BB; CSF/CNS (nucleus of solitary tract); Rat; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cannula position verified at end of experiment by injecting methylene blue and analyzing tissue sectioins; peptides.

P4662 Hao,J.-X, Ebendal,T, Xu,X.-J., Wiesenfeld-Hallin,Z., Jonhagen,M.E  Neuroscience Letters 2000; 283(--):208-212. >>> Nerve growth factor; Cytochrome C;; CSF/CNS (parenchyma, cortex, striatum, septum, ventricle);; rat;; 2002;; 14 days;; Controls received mp w/ Cytochrome C; peptides; silicone tubing used to connect cannula to pump..

P4459 Benowitz,L.I, Goldberg,D.E, Madsen,J.R, Soni,D, Irwin,N  PNAS 1999/11/9; 96(-23-):13486-13490. >>> Inosine;; PBS;; CSF/CNS (sensorimotor cortex);; rat;; 2002;; 14 days;; controls received mp w/vehicle; peptides; inosine is a purine nucleoside;.

P4384 Hata,Y., Tsumoto,T., Stryker,M.P. Selective pruning of more active afferents when cat visual cortex is pharmacologically inhibited. Neuron 1999/2; 22(--):375-381. >>> Muscimol;; Saline;; CSF/CNS (primary visual cortex);; cat (kitten);; 2002;; 2 weeks;; no comment posted;.

P4374 Doetsch,F., Garcia-Verdugo,J.M., Alvarez-Buylla,A. Regeneration of a germinal layer in the adult mammalian brain. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 1999/9; 96(--):11619-11624. >>> Ara-C;; Saline;; CSF/CNS (surface of right hemisphere);; mice;; 1007D;; 6 days;; Ara-C is cytosine-b-D-arabinofuranoside; controls received mp with vehicle;.

P4369 Doetsch,F., Caille,I., Lim,D.A., Garcia-Verdugo,J.M., Alvarez-Buylla,A. Subventricular zone astrocytes are neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain. Cell 1999/6/11; 97(--):703-716. >>> Thymidine, [3H]-; Ara-C; Radio-isotopes; Saline; 3H Tracer; CSF/CNS; CSF/CNS (surface of brain); mice; 2002; 1007D; 6, 12 days; Ara-C is cytosine-b-D-arabinofuranoside; controls received mp with vehicle.

P4357 Bolger,C., Sansom,A.J., Smith,P.F., Darlington,C.L. An antisense oligonucleotide to brain-derived neurotrophic factor delays postural compensation following unilateral labyrinthectomy in guinea pig. NeuroReport 1999/5/14; 10(-7-):1485-1488. >>> Oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense;; PBS;; CSF/CNS (vestibular nucleus complex);; guinea-pig;; 1003D;; 41 hours;; controls received mp with vehicle or mismatched antisense oligo, or cannula with mp disconnected; antisense; obturator sealed cannula to maintain patency when it was not in use; animals received dye&PBS for 13 hours past labyrinthectomy; "...concentrations of phosphorothioated oligonucleotides > 1.5 mM have been shown to cause non-specific effects following brain infusion..." (p. 1486);.

P4349 Rasika,S., Alvarez-Buylla,A., Nottebohm,F. BDNF mediates the effects of testosterone on the survival of new neurons in an adult brain. Neuron 1999; 22(-1-):53-62. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; AB1513P, BDNF antibody-; Saline; BSA;; CSF/CNS (high vocal center); Bird (canary); 1007D; 10 days; Controls received mp with vehicle; peptides; flow rate of mp reduced by immersion in molten paraffin; recomb. human BDNF used; schematic of experimental model (p. 55); small bird.

P4344 Pizzorusso,T., Berardi,N., Rossi,F.M., Viegi,A., Venstrom,K., Reichardt,L.F., Maffei,L. TrkA activation in the rat visual cortex by antirat trkA IgG prevents the effect of monocular deprivation. European Journal of Neuroscience 1999; 11(--):204-212. >>> Immunoglobulin G, antirat trkA; Immunoglobulin G, antip75NTR-;; Saline, sterile;; CSF/CNS (visual cortex);; rat;; 1007D; 1 week;; controls received mp with vehicle or control IgG; peptides; brain tissue distribution assessed with anti-rabbit IgG antibodies; RTA-IgG given singly and in same pump as antip75NTR IgG;.

P4333 Wolansky,M.J., Paratcha,G.C., Ibarra,G.R., Azcurra,J.M. Nerve growth factor preserves a critical motor period in rat striatum. J.Neurobiol. 1999; 38(--):129-136. >>> Nerve growth factor; Cytochrome C;; CSF, artificial;; CSF/CNS (striatum);; rat;; 2002;; 14 days;; controls received sham operation or cytochrome C; peptides; ALZET brain infusion kit used; mouse salival gland NGF 2.5S used;.

P4320 Zhou,X.-F., Deng,Y.-S., Chie,E., Xue,Q., Zhong,J.-H., McLachlan,E.M., Rush,R.A., Xian,C.J. Satellite-cell-derived nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3 are involved in noradrenergic sprouting in the dorsal root ganglia following peripheral nerve injury in the rat. European Journal of Neuroscience 1999; 11(--):1711-1722. >>> Antibody, nerve growth factor; Antibody, NT-3; Immunoglobulin, normal sheep;; CSF/CNS (dorsal root ganglia);; rat;; 2 weeks;; ; tissue perfusion (DRG via lesioned L5 spinal nerve); peptides; diagram of experimental model (p. 1712); pain;.

P4314 Everts,H.G.J., Koolhass,J.M. Differential modulation of lateral septal vasopressin receptor blockade in spatial learning, social recognition, and anxiety-related behaviors in rats. Behavioural Brain Research 1999; 99(--):7-16. >>> VAVP, d(CH2)5-D-Tyr(Et)-;; Saline;; CSF/CNS (lateral septum);; rat;; 2002;; 2 weeks;; controls received mp with vehicle; peptides; each animal received agent via bilateral cannulae connected to two pumps; wires maintained cannulae patency during 6 day recovery period; agent is a V2/V1 receptor antagonist;.

P4306 Lankhorst,A.J., Duis,S.E.J., Ter Laak,M.P., Joosten,E.A.J., Hamers,F.P.T., Gispen,W.H. Functional recovery after central infusion of a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rats with spinal cord contusion injury. Journal of Neurotrauma 1999; 16(-4-):323-331. >>> Melanocortin-stimulating hormone,a;; Saline;; CSF/CNS (cisterna magna);; rat;; 2002;; 10 days;; controls received mp with vehicle; peptides;.

P4305 Riedel,G., Micheau,J., Lam,A.G.M., Roloff,E.v.L., Martin,S.J., Bridge,H., de Hoz,L., Poeschel,B., McCulloch,J., Morris,R.G.M. Reversible neural inactivation reveals hippocampal participation in several memory processes. Nature Neuroscience 1999/10; 2(-10-):898-905. >>> LY326325;; CSF, artificial;; CSF/CNS (dorsal hippocampus); CSF/CNS (caudate);; rat;; 2002; 1007D;; ; controls received mp with vehicle; LY326325 is a water soluble salt of decahydroisoquinoline compound LY293558; it blocks glutamate receptor subunits GluR1-5; bilateral cannulae were attached to two pumps.

P4304 Debeir,T., Saragovi,H.U., Cuello,A.C. A nerve growth factor mimetic TrkA antagonist causes withdrawal of cortical cholinergic boutons in the adult rat. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 1999/4; 96(--):4067-4072. >>> Peptide C(92-96); Antibody, anti-NGF monoclonal; PBS; Dye, methylene blue; CSF/CNS (cortex); rat; 2004; 2 weeks; peptides; C(92-96) is a small peptide that blocks NGF-TrkA interactions.

P4276 Horger,B.A., Iyasere,C.A., Berhow,M.T., Messer,C.J., Nestler,E.J., Taylor,J.R. Enhancement of locomotor activity and conditioned reward to cocaine by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Journal of Neuroscience 1999/5/15; 19(-10-):4110-4122. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Sodium phosphate; Saline; Albumin, bovine serum;; CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); CSF/CNS (ventral tegmental area);; rat; 2002; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; human recomb. brain derived neurotrophic factor used; bilateral cannula placed in nucleus accumbens, and connected to pumps containing BDNF and vehicle; antibiotic ointment was applied to wound area in scalp.

P4275 Bravin,M., Morando,L., Vercelli,A., Rossi,F., Strata,P. Control of spine formation by electrical activity in the adult rat cerebellum. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 1999/2; 96(--):1704-1709. >>> Tetrodotoxin;; Citrate buffer;; CSF/CNS (posterior vermal cortex);; rat; 2001; 2002;; 3-14 days; controls received mp w/vehicle;.

P4260 Matsumoto,N., Hanakawa,T., Maki,S., Graybiel,A.M., Kimura,M. Role of [corrected] nigrostriatal dopamine system in learning to perform sequential motor tasks in a predictive manner. J Neurophysiol 1999; 82(-2-):978-998. >>> MPTP; Saline; CSF/CNS (caudate putamen); Monkey; 14 days; Infusion cannula was implanted through a recording chamber used to measure neuronal activity.

P3559 Yanamoto,H., Mizuta,I., Nagata,I., Xue,J.H., Zhang,Z., Kikuchi,H. Infarct tolerance accompanied enhanced BDNF-like immunoreactivity in neuronal nuclei. Brain Research 2000; 877(--):331-344. >>> Potassium Chloride; Saline; CSF/CNS (primary somatosensory area); rat; 2001; 48 hours; controls received mp w/ vehicle or no pump; ischemia (cerebral); KCl infused to cause cortical spreading depression; some controls received no pump;.