References on the Administration of Antidepressants Using ALZET® Osmotic Pumps
1. Acetylphenelzine, N2-
P2971 Sherry-McKenna,R.L., Wong,J.T.F., Paetsch,P.R., Baker,G.B., Mousseau,D.D., McKenna,K.F., Coutts,R.T., Greenshaw,A.J. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: effects on tryptophan concentrations in the rat brain. J.Neural Transm. 1994; 41(--):155-163. >>> Phenelzine; Tranylcypromine, 4-methoxy-; Acetylphenelzine, N2-; Tranylcypromine, 4-fluoro-; Tranylcypromine; Deprenyl; SC; IP; rat; 28 days; antidepressant; controls received mp with vehicle; comparison of TCP and PLZ ip injections vs. mp.
P2832 McKenna,K.F., McManus,D.J., Baker,G.B., Coutts,R.T. Chronic administration of the antidepressant phenelzine and its N-acetyl analogue: effects on GABAergic function. J.Neural Transm. 1994; 41(--):115-122. >>> Phenelzine sulfate; Acetylphenelzine, N2-; SC; rat; 2ML2; 28 days; antidepressant; controls received mp with water.
2. Adinazolam
P0433 Turmel,A., de Montigny,C. Sensitization of rat forebrain neurons to serotonin by adinazolam, an antidepressant triazolobenzodiazepine. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1984; 99(--):241-244. >>> Adinazolam; Diazepam; Benzyl alcohol; Ethanol; Propylene glycol; Sodium benzoate; Water; IP; rat; 2002; 5 and 14 days; comparison of adinazolam. iv injec vs. mp infusion; comparison of agents effects; adinazolam. used with water vehicle, Diaz. with combination vehicle.
3. Amytriptyline
Q0004 Bjartmar,L., Alkhori,L., Ruud,J., Mohammed,A.H., Marcusson,J., Hallbeck,M. Long-term treatment with antidepressants, but not environmental stimulation, induces expression of NP2 mRNA in hippocampus and medial habenula. Brain Research 2010; 1328(-;-):25-33. >>> Amitriptyline; moclobemide; citalopram hydrobromide; maprotiline; SC; Rat; 3, 21 days; Controls received mp w/isotonic saline; enzyme inhibitor (monoamine oxidase-A); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 g); "This method of delivery was chosen to avoid daily injections and thus manipulation of the animals." (p. 30); antidepressants.
P9075 Tai,Y.H., Tsai,R.Y., Wang,Y.H., Cherng,C.H., Tao,P.L., Liu,T.M., Wong,C.S. Amitriptyline induces nuclear transcription factor-kappa B-dependent glutamate transporter upregulation in chronic morphine-infused rats. Neuroscience 2008; 153(-3-):823-831. >>> Morphine; amitriptyline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; ; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (male, Wistar, 350-400 g.); intrathecal catheter constructed using polyethylene (0.008 in ID, 0.014 in OD) and silastic tube; behavioral testing (antinociception assay, hot water immersion, tail flick latency).
P8973 Rossi,D.V., Valdez,M., Gould,G.G., Hensler,J.G. Chronic administration of venlafaxine fails to attenuate 5-HT1A receptor function at the level of receptor-G protein interaction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 9(-4-):393-406. >>> Amitriptyline HCl; sertraline HCl; venlafaxine HCl; Water, sterile; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by serum drug concentrations; dose- response (fig. 1); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200-275 g.); 40% ethanol used; behavioral testing (hypothermic response).
P8246 Sud,R., Ignatowski,T.A., Lo,C.P.K., Spengler,R.N. Uncovering molecular elements of brain-body communication during development and treatment of neuropathic pain. BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY 2007; 21(-1-):112-124. >>> Tumor necrosis Factor-a, recomb. rat: tumor necrosis factor-a, recomb. rat, heat-inactivated; amitriptyline; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or heat-inactivated rr-TNFa; comparison of ip injections vs. mp; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 300-350g); chronic constriction injury to the right sciatic nerve.
P8011 Tai,Y.H., Wang,Y.H., Wang,J.J., Tao,P.L., Tung,C.S., Wong,C.S. Amitriptyline suppresses neuroinflammation and up-regulates glutamate transporters in morphine-tolerant rats. Pain 2006; 124(-1-2-):77-86. >>> Amitriptyline; morphine; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); SC; Rat; 2001; 5 days; Tolerance; animal info (male, Wistar, 350-400 grams); behavioral study.
P7726 Gould,G.G., Altamirano,A.V., Javors,M.A., Frazer,A. A comparison of the chronic treatment effects of venlafaxine and other antidepressants on serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 59(-5-):408-414. >>> Venlafaxine; sertraline; amitriptyline; paroxetine; desipramine; citalopram; Saline; water, deionized; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum drug concentrations; dose-response (fig1); anmial info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 150-200g); 50% EtoH in H2O.
P7514 West,C.H.K., Weiss,J.M. A selective test for antidepressant treatments using rats bred for stress-induced reduction of motor activity in the swim test. Psychopharmacology 2005; 182(-1-):9-23. >>> Amitriptyline HCl; venlafaxine HCl; clordiazepoxide HCl; imipramine HCl; phenelzine sulfate; scopolamine HBr; desipramine HCl; bupropion HCl; chlorpheniramine maleate; fluoxetine HCl; sertraline; amphetamine sulfate, D-; Water, sterile distilled; PEG; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 6,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by agent blood levels; dose-response (fig. 5); animal info (male, female, susceptible, selectively bred); some animals had saline-filled catheter attached to mp to delay drug infusion by 5 days; "The most notable advantage of minipump delivery is that it eliminates stress resulting from daily injection of drug....minipumps also provide constant infusion of drug" (pg. 22).
P7089 Andin,J., Stenfors,C., Ross,S.B., Marcusson,J. Modulation of neuronal glutamate transporter rEAAC1 mRNA expression in rat brain by amitriptyline. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 2004; 126(-1-):74-77. >>> Amitriptyline hydrochloride; Saline; SC; Rat; 3,7,21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or no treatment.
P5693 Pringsheim,T., Diksic,M., Dobson,C., Nguyen,K., Hamel,E. Selective decrease in serotonin synthesis rate in rat brainstem raphe nuclei following chronic administration of low doses of amitriptyline: an effect compatible with an anti-migraine effect. Cephalalgia 2003; 23(-5-):367-375. >>> Amitriptyline; Saline; IP; Rat; 2ML2; 21 days; Controls received the mp w/ vehicle; tricyclic antidepressant.
4. Befloxatone
P4052 Haddjeri,N., de Montigny,C., Curet,O., Blier,P. Effect of the reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor befloxatone on the rat 5-hydroxytryptamine neurotransmission. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1998; 343(--):179-192. >>> Befloxatone; Pindolol; Water; Ethanol; SC; rat; 2, 21 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; befloxatone is an antidepressant; agents infused separately or concomitantly; antihypertensive.
P2843 Mongeau,R., de Montigny,C., Blier,P. Electrophysiologic evidence for desensitization of a2-adrenoceptors on serotonin terminals following long-term treatment with drugs increasing norepinephrine synaptic concentration. Neuropsychopharm. 1994; 10(-1-):41-51. >>> Befloxatone; Nisoxetine; Paroxetine; SC; rat; 3 weeks; antidepressant; controls received mp with saline; in vitro studies were also done (p49).
P2644 Blier,P., Bouchard,C. Modulation of 5-HT release in the guinea-pig brain following long-term administration of antidepressant drugs. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1994; 113(--):485-495. >>> Paroxetine; Befloxatone; Ethanol; Water; guinea-pig; 2 or 21 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/ vehicles; Paroxetine is a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and Befloxatone is a Type A monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).
5. Bupropion
P9434 Paterson,N.E., Balfour,D.J.K., Markou,A. Chronic bupropion differentially alters the reinforcing, reward-enhancing and conditioned motivational properties of nicotine in rats. NICOTINE&TOBACCO RESEARCH 2008; 10(-6-):995-1008. >>> Bupropion HCl; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Dose-response (fig 4); dependence; post op. care (antibacterial lotion); animal info (male, Wistar, 300-350 g.); "minipumps were used in the present study to deliver two bupripion doses... with the aim of establishing constantly high bupropion levels that may mitigate species differences in pharmacokinetics." (p. 1006).
P9318 El Mansari,M., Ghanbari,R., Janssen,S., Blier,P. Sustained administration of bupropion alters the neuronal activity of serotonin, norepinephrine but not dopamine neurons in the rat brain. Neuropharmacology 2008; 55(-7-):1191-1198. >>> Bupropion HCl; Water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2, 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250-350 g.).
P9078 Billes,S.K., Cowley,M.A. Catecholamine reuptake inhibition causes weight loss by increasing locomotor activity and thermogenesis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33(-6-):1287-1297. >>> Nisoxetine; GBR12783; bupropion; DMSO; saline, nonpyrogenic; SC; Mice; 1007D; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (adult, male, C57BL/6J); 10% DMSO used; "we were limited to 7 days by drug solubility." pg. 1288; incision was closed with wound clips; nisoxetine is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; GBR12783 is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor; "This study emphasizes that although acute studies may infer long-term drug effects, they do not necessarily predict a drug's chronic effects. Even though the chronic studies presented here were limited (by method of administration and drug solubility) to 1 week of treatment, they were sufficient to illustrate differences between the acute and subchronic effects of catecholamine reuptake inhibitors.".
P8069 Mitchell,H.A., Ahern,T.H., Liles,L.C., Javors,M.A., Weinshenker,D. The effects of norepinephrine transporter inactivation on locomotor activity in mice. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 60(-10-):1046-1052. >>> Reboxetine; bupropion; imipramine; desipramine; venlafaxine; Saline; ethanol; IP; Mice; 2004; 18-20 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; no stress (see p.1049); post op. care (Buprenorphine); animal info (male, female, C57BL6/J, 3-7 months old); 50% ETOH vehicle for desipramine; mp primed 1 day in 37 celsius saline.
P7901 Ahern,T.H., Javors,M.A., Eagles,D.A., Martillotti,J., Mitchell,H.A., Liles,L.C., Weinshenker,D. The effects of chronic norepinephrine transporter inactivation on seizure susceptibility in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 31(-4-):730-738. >>> Reboxetine; sertraline; desipramine; bupropion; imipramine; venlafaxine; Saline; ethanol; IP; Mice; 2004; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum drug levels; dose-response (fig. 4); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg. 731) Dbh -/- mice did not tolerate mp surgery well and showed signs of general malaise. All other mice strains showed no stress.; post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (female, male, 3-7 month old; C57BL/6J NET -/- or wt; 257BL/6J 129SvEv Dbh -/-, +/-) 50% ethanol; mp primed 2 days in 37 celsius saline; "we achieved serum levels that fell within or very close to human therapeutic range for each drug with the exception of sertraline." (pg. 732).
P7867 Malin,D.H., Lake,J.R., Smith,T.D., Khambati,H.N., Meyers-Paal,R.L., Montellano,A.L., Jennings,R.E., Erwin,D.S., Presley,S.E., Perales,B.A. Bupropion attenuates nicotine abstinence syndrome in the rat. Psychopharmacology 2006; 184(-3-4-):494-503. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; bupropion HCL; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of acute SC injection vs. mp; pumps replaced after 7 days; dependence; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 389-468g.).
P7514 West,C.H.K., Weiss,J.M. A selective test for antidepressant treatments using rats bred for stress-induced reduction of motor activity in the swim test. Psychopharmacology 2005; 182(-1-):9-23. >>> Amitriptyline HCl; venlafaxine HCl; clordiazepoxide HCl; imipramine HCl; phenelzine sulfate; scopolamine HBr; desipramine HCl; bupropion HCl; chlorpheniramine maleate; fluoxetine HCl; sertraline; amphetamine sulfate, D-; Water, sterile distilled; PEG; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 6,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by agent blood levels; dose-response (fig. 5); animal info (male, female, susceptible, selectively bred); some animals had saline-filled catheter attached to mp to delay drug infusion by 5 days; "The most notable advantage of minipump delivery is that it eliminates stress resulting from daily injection of drug....minipumps also provide constant infusion of drug" (pg. 22).
P7421 Siegel,S.J., Maxwell,C.R., Majumdar,S., Trief,D.F., Lerman,C., Gur,R.E., Kanes,S.J., Liang,Y. Monoamine reuptake inhibition and nicotine receptor antagonism reduce amplitude and gating of auditory evoked potentials. Neuroscience 2005; 133(-3-):729-738. >>> Bupropion, HCL; haloperidol; Water; SC; Mice; 1002; 12 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (C57BL/6J, 10-16 weeks old).
6. Citalopram
Q0817 Skelin,I., Sato,H., Kovacevic,T., Diksic,M. Chronic therapy with citalopram decreases regional cerebral glucose utilization in OBX, and not sham-operated, rats: an autoradiographic study. Psychopharmacology 2009; 207(-2-):315-323. >>> Citalopram hydrobromide; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (adult, male, Sprague Dawley, 160-190 g, olfactory bulbectomized (OBX)); half-life (3 hours, p. 316); "The drug was delivered by an osmotic minipump, thus providing stable blood and brain concentrations, which would otherwise be impossible to achieve, even with multiple daily injections, given the short half-life of citalopram in rats (3 h)." pg 316.
Q0732 Bosker,F.J., Tanke,M.A.C., Jongsma,M.E., Cremers,T.I.F.H., Jagtman,E., Pietersen,C.Y., van der Hart,M.G.C., Gladkevich,A.V., Kema,I.P., Westerink,B.C., Korf,J., den Boer,J.A. Biochemical and behavioral effects of long-term citalopram administration and discontinuation in rats Role of serotonin synthesis. NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL 2010; 57(-8-):948-957. >>> Citalopram hydrobromide; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Wistar, 200-250 g); pumps replaced after 14 days; behavioral testing (Acoustic startle reflex).
Q0591 Honig,G., Jongsma,M.E., van der Hart,M.C.G., Tecott,L.H. Chronic Citalopram Administration Causes a Sustained Suppression of Serotonin Synthesis in the Mouse Forebrain. PLoS One 2009; 4(-8-):U109-U117. >>> Citalopram hydrobromide; Saline; Mice; 1002; 2004; 2, 4 weeks; 2 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (6 wks old, male, adult C57BL6/J); "To address limitations of previous studies, we used osmotic minipumps, which deliver drug at a constant rate, to generate steady-state blood concentrations of citalopram" pg e6797.
Q0208 Ghanbari,R., El Mansari,M., Blier,P. Electrophysiological effects of the co-administration of escitalopram and bupropion on rat serotonin and norepinephrine neurons. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 24(-1-):39-50. >>> Escitalopram; SC; Rat; 2, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ physiological saline; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250-300 g.).
Q0087 Lucas,G., Du,J., Romeas,T., Mnie-Filali,O., Haddjeri,N., Pineyro,G., Debonnel,G. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Potentiate the Rapid Antidepressant-Like Effects of Serotonin4 Receptor Agonists in the Rat. PLoS One 2010; 5(-2-):U300-U311. >>> Prucalopride; RS 67333; citalopram; SC; Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (Sprague Dawley, 250-300 g.).
Q0004 Bjartmar,L., Alkhori,L., Ruud,J., Mohammed,A.H., Marcusson,J., Hallbeck,M. Long-term treatment with antidepressants, but not environmental stimulation, induces expression of NP2 mRNA in hippocampus and medial habenula. Brain Research 2010; 1328(-;-):25-33. >>> Amitriptyline; moclobemide; citalopram hydrobromide; maprotiline; SC; Rat; 3, 21 days; Controls received mp w/isotonic saline; enzyme inhibitor (monoamine oxidase-A); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 g); "This method of delivery was chosen to avoid daily injections and thus manipulation of the animals." (p. 30); antidepressants.
P9901 Malkesman,O., Scattoni,M.L., Paredes,D., Tragon,T., Pearson,B., Shaltiel,G., Chen,G., Crawley,J.N., Manji,H.K. The Female Urine Sniffing Test: A Novel Approach for Assessing Reward-Seeking Behavior in Rodents. Biological Psychiatry 2010; 67(-9-):864-871. >>> Citalopram; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle saline; ALZET bain infusion kit 3 used; animal info (129S1/SVImJ).
P9851 Moulin-Sallanon,M., Charnay,Y., Ginovart,N., Perret,P., Lanfume,L., Hamon,M., Hen,R., Fagret,D., Ibanez,V., Millet,P. Acute and Chronic Effects of Citalopram on 5-HT(1A) Receptor-Labeling by [(18)F]MPPF and-Coupling to Receptors-G Proteins. Synapse 2009; 63(-2-):106-116. >>> Citalopram hydrobromide; SC; Rat; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (male, Wistar, adult, 175-350 g.).
P9786 Kanemaru,K., Nishi,K., Hasegawa,S., Diksic,M. Chronic citalopram treatment elevates serotonin synthesis in flinders sensitive and flinders resistant lines of rats, with no significant effect on Sprague-Dawley rats. NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL 2009; 54(-5-6-):363-371. >>> Citalopram hydrobromide; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200 g.).
P9754 Kesner,Y., Zohar,J., Merenlender,A., Gispan,I., Shalit,F., Yadid,G. WFS1 gene as a putative biomarker for development of post-traumatic syndrome in an animal model. Molecular Psychiatry 2009; ;(-1-):86-94. >>> Citalopram; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; animal info (adult, male, Sprague Dawley, 250-300 g); behavioral testing (open field test).
P9743 Arunrut,T., Alejandre,H., Chen,M., Cha,J., Russo-Neustadt,A. Differential behavioral and neurochemical effects of exercise, reboxetine and citalopram with the forced swim test. LIFE SCIENCES 2009; 84(-17-18-):584-589. >>> Reboxetine; citalopram; Saline; SC; Rat; 7 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley).
P9610 West,C.H.K., Ritchie,J.C., Boss-Williams,K.A., Weiss,J.M. Antidepressant drugs with differing pharmacological actions decrease activity of locus coeruleus neurons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 12(-5-):627-641. >>> Desipramine; mirtazapine; chlorpheniramine; Paroxetine; scopolamine; amphetamine; escitalopram; chlordiazepoxide; SC; IP; Rat; 2ML2; 14, 21 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; dose-response (Fig 2-5); pumps replaced on day 14; good methods pg 629; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 5-7 mo old, 550-700g); "Importantly, use of minipumps also eliminates the need for repeated handling and injection of animals to administer the drug chronically." pg. 628; IP catheter used.
P9523 Dremencov,E., El Mansari,M., Blier,P. Effects of sustained serotonin reuptake inhibition on the firing of dopamine neurons in the rat ventral tegmental area. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY&NEUROSCIENCE 2009; 34(-3-):223-229. >>> Citalopram; escitalopram; Water; SC; Rat; 2, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 300-350 g.).
P9126 Bondi,C.O., Rodriguez,G., Gould,G.G., Frazer,A., Morilak,D.A. Chronic unpredictable stress induces a cognitive deficit and anxiety-like behavior in rats that is prevented by chronic antidepressant drug treatment. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33(-2-):320-331. >>> Desipramine; escitalopram; Ethanol; saline; IP; Rat; 2ML4; ; Post op. care (penicillin); animal info (Sprague Dawley, 200-250 g.); 10% ethanol used; behavioral testing (chronic unpredictable stress).
P8919 Marsteller,D.A., Barbarich-Marsteller,N.C., Patel,V.D., Dewey,S.L. Brain Metabolic Changes Following 4-Week Citalopram Infusion: Increased 18FDG Uptake and gamma-Amino Butyric Acid Levels. Synapse 2007; 61(-11-):877-881. >>> Citalopram; Water, deionized; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 2, 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 879); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 300-400 g.); PET scan weekly.
P8864 Hesketh,S.A., Brennan,A.K., Jessop,D.S., Finn,D.P. Effects of chronic treatment with citalopram on cannabinoid and opioid receptor-mediated G-protein coupling in discrete rat brain regions. Psychopharmacology 2008; 198(-1-):29-36. >>> Citalopram; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Comparison of IP injections vs. mp; animal info (adult, male, Sprague Dawley, 200g.); paper incorrectly states 2ML2 pump model as 2002.
P8828 Mnie-Filali,O., Faure,C., El Mansari,M., Lambas-Senas,L., Berod,A., Zimmer,L., Sanchez,C., Haddjeri,N. R-citalopram prevents the neuronal adaptive changes induced by escitalopram. NeuroReport 2007; 18(-15-):1553-1556. >>> Escitalopram; citalopram, R-; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250-300g.).
P8679 Dremencov,E., El Mansari,M., Blier,P. Distinct electrophysiological effects of citalopram and escitalopram on mesolimbic dopamine neuronal activity in rats. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 17(-;-):S373-S374. >>> Escitalopram; Water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Sprague-Dawley, 300-350g).
P8670 Lucas,G., Rymar,V.V., Du,J., Mnie-Filali,O., Bisgaard,C., Manta,S., Lambas-Senas,L., Wiborg,O., Haddjeri,N., Pineyro,G., Sadikot,A.F., Debonnel,G. Serotonin4 (5-HT4) receptor Agonists are putative antidepressants with a rapid onset of action. Neuron 2007; 55(-5-):712-725. >>> RS 67333; citalopram; Water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 3,14 days; Animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, Wistar, 250-300g); 5-HT4 agonists; RS 67333 given for 3 days.
P8508 Kugelberg,F.C., Apelqvist,G., Carlsson,B., Ahlner,J., Bengtsson,F. In vivo steady-state pharmacokinetic outcome following clinical and toxic doses of racemic citalopram to rats. Br.J.Pharmacol. 2001/4; 132(-8-):1683-1690. >>> Citalopram; Saline; propylene glycol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; dose-response (fig. 1); stress/adverse reaction: (see pg. 1696) at day 10, "minimal signs of beginning necrosis were found on the back of three out of eight rats" in the highest dose group; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250 g); "Clearly chronic exposure is superior to acute exposure also in animal studies when mimicking the clinical situation." (p. 1688)..
P8472 Wegener,G., Bandpey,Z., Heiberg,I.L., Volke,V., Trabace,L., Rosenberg,R., Harvey,B.H. Combined chronic treatment with citalopram and lithium does not modify the regional neurochemistry of nitric oxide in rat brain. J Physiol Pharmacol 2004; 55(-3-):575-586. >>> Citalopram; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 22 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 280-350 grams).
P8178 Robichaud,M., Debonnel,G. Allopregnanolone and ganaxolone increase the firing activity of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic neurons in female rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 9(-2-):191-200. >>> Allopregnanolone; citalopram; RU 486; ganaxolone; Water, distilled; ethanol; SC; CSF/CNS; Rat; 3, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, 250-325 grams); 3% ethanol used.
P8147 Kugelberg,F.C., Alkass,K., Kingbaeck,M., Carlsson,B. Influence of blood loss on the pharmacokinetics of citalopram. Forensic Science International 2006; 161(-2-3-):163-168. >>> Citalopram HBr; Saline; propylene glycol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ agent without blood loss; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; comparison of oral adminisration vs. mp; no stress (see p.166); good methods; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, 250-300g.); mp primed overnight in 37 celsius saline.
P8108 Dremencov,E., El Mansari,M., Blier,P. Noradrenergic augmentation of escitalopram response by risperidone: Electrophysiologic studies in the rat brain. Biological Psychiatry 2007; 61(-5-):671-678. >>> Citalopram; escitalopram; Water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 300-350g.).
P7726 Gould,G.G., Altamirano,A.V., Javors,M.A., Frazer,A. A comparison of the chronic treatment effects of venlafaxine and other antidepressants on serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 59(-5-):408-414. >>> Venlafaxine; sertraline; amitriptyline; paroxetine; desipramine; citalopram; Saline; water, deionized; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum drug concentrations; dose-response (fig1); anmial info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 150-200g); 50% EtoH in H2O.
P7536 Uys,J.D.K., Muller,C.J.F., Marais,L., Harvey,B.H., Stein,D.J., Daniels,W.M.U. Early life trauma decreases glucocorticoid receptors in rat dentate gyrus upon adult re-stress: Reversal by escitalopram. Neuroscience 2006; 137(-2-):619-625. >>> Escitalopram; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 46 days old); SSRI.
P7443 Hasegawa,S., Watanabe,A., Nguyen,K.Q., Debonnel,G., Diksic,M. Chronic administration of citalopram in olfactory bulbectomy rats restores brain 5-HT synthesis rates: an autoradiographic study. Psychopharmacology 2005; 179(-4-):781-790. >>> Citalopram, hydrobromide; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume analysis; replacement therapy (olafactory bulbectomy); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 150-180 g).
P7442 Jongsma,M.E., Bosker,F.J., Cremers,T.I.F.H., Westerink,B.H.C., den Boer,J.A. The effect of chronic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment on serotonin1B receptor sensitivity and HPA axis activity. PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY&BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 2005; 29(-5-):738-744. >>> Citalopram, hydrobromide; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 15 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced at 14 days; animal info (male, 285-320 g).
P7393 Thakker,D.R., Natt,F., Huesken,D., van der Putten,H., Maier,R., Hoyer,D., Cryan,J.F. siRNA-mediated knockdown of the serotonin transporter in the adult mouse brain. Molecular Psychiatry 2005; 10(-8-):782-789. >>> RNA, small interfering; citalopram; RNA, mm; RNAi buffer, isotonic; CSF/CNS (dorsal third); Mice; 1002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; gene therapy; downregulation of SERT; animal info (male, BALB/C, 19-29 g); "maximally effective RNAi response requires 2 weeks of siRNA infusion." P. 783; behavioral study.
P7373 Hesketh,S., Jessop,D.S., Hogg,S., Harbuz,M.S. Differential actions of acute and chronic citalopram on the rodent hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to acute restraint stress. Journal of Endocrinology 2005; 185(-3-):373-382. >>> Citalopram; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; mp stored in sterile saline for 12 hours prior to implantation; "Chronic citalopram infusion unlike acute citalopram treatment did not alter baseline hormone levels when given by minipump." (p. 378).
P7266 Grandoso,L., Torrecilla,M., Pineda,J., Ugedo,L. Alpha2-Adrenoceptor involvement in the in vitro inhibitory effect of citalopram on a subpopulation of rat locus coeruleus neurons. European Journal of Pharmacology 2005; 517(-1-2-):51-58. >>> Citalopram; duloxetine; Saline; SC; Rat; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor.
P7051 Ceglia,I., Acconcia,S., Fracasso,C., Colovic,M., Caccia,S., Invernizzi,R.W. Effects of chronic treatment with escitalopram or citalopram on extracellular 5-HT in the prefrontal cortex of rats: role of 5-HT1A receptors. British Journal of Pharmacology 2004; 142(-3-):469-478. >>> Citalopram oxalate, s-; citalopram, hydrobromide; PBS; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2,13 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; no stress (see pg. 470).
P6795 Russo-Neustadt,A.A., Alejandre,H., Garcia,C., Ivy,A.S., Chen,M.J. Hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression following treatment with reboxetine, citalopram, and physical exercise. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29(-12-):2189-2199. >>> Citalopram; reboxetine; SC; Rat; 2,7,14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; "Reboxetine was infused via osmotic minipump in this experiment because sores developed on injection sites when reboxetine was administered IP (injection) for more than 7 consecutive days." (p. 2190)..
P5863 Wegener,G., Volke,V., Harvey,B.H., Rosenberg,R. Local, but not systemic, administration of serotonergic antidepressants decreases hippocampal nitric oxide synthase activity. Brain Research 2003; 959(-1-):128-134. >>> Citalopram; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 3 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of acute SC injections vs chronic mp; antidepressant.
P5849 Rausch,J.L., Gillespie,C.F., Fei,Y., Hobby,H.M., Stoming,T., Ganapathy,V., Leibach,F.H. Antidepressant effects on kinase gene expression patterns in rat brain. Neuroscience Letters 2002; 334(-2-):91-94. >>> Citalopram, hydrobromide; Fluoxetine, HCL; Saline, sterile; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 3 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; Citalopram&Fluoxetine (antidepressants) were dissolved in 50% ethanol&50% saline.
P5634 Wegener,G., Bandpey,Z., Heiberg,I.L., Mork,A., Rosenberg,R. Increased extracellular serotonin level in rat hippocampus induced by chronic citalopram is augmented by subchronic lithium: neurochemical and behavioral studies in the rat. Psychopharmacology 2003; 166(-2-):188-194. >>> Citalopram; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 20 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of acute injections vs. chronic mp; antidepressant..
7. Clomipramine
P5490 Dremencov,E., Gur,E., Lerer,B., Newman,M.E. Effects of chronic antidepressants and electroconvulsive shock on serotonergic neurotransmission in the rat hypothalamus. PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY&BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 2002; 26(-6-):1029-1034. >>> Clomipramine; venlafaxine; Mice; 28 days; Antidepressants.
8. Cotinine
T0006 Prevo,M.E. Regimen dependent embryotoxicity of nicotine in rats. Dissertation, San Jose State University 1985; (--):-. >>> Cotinine; Nicotine; Saline; SC; rat (pregnant); 2001; 7 days; comparison of injection vs. mp infusion; dose-response; teratology.
P3402 Geng,Y., Savage,S.M., Johnson,L.J., Seagrave,J.C., Sopori,M.L. Effects of nicotine on the immune response. I. Chronic exposure to nicotine impairs antigen receptor-mediated signal transduction in lymphocytes. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 1995; 135(--):268-278. >>> Nicotine base; Cotinine; Saline, sterile; rat; 2ML4; 3-4 weeks; antidepressant; controls received mp w/saline; functionality of mp verified by residual volume and serum levels; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; half-life of nicotine in serum is 3-9 minutes (p.269); immunology; toxicology.
P3372 Geng,Y., Savage,S.M., Razani-Boroujerdi,S., Sopori,M.L. Effects of nicotine on the immune response II. Chronic nicotine treatment induces T cell anergy. J.Immunol. 1996; 156(--):2384-2390. >>> Nicotine base; Cotinine; SC; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; antidepressant; controls received mp w/saline; immunology.
P1230 Gabrielsson,J., Bondesson,U. Constant-rate infusion of nicotine and cotinine. A physiological pharmacokinetic analysis of the cotinine disposition, and effects on clearance and distribution in the rat. J.Pharmacokinet.Biopharm. 1987; 15(-6-):583-600. >>> Cotinine; Nicotine; IV (jugular); rat; 2ML1; 6 days; mp connected to silastic catheter; dose-response (graph); pump primed in saline 2 hours prior to insertion.
9. Desipramine
P9983 Lapiz,M.D.S., Bondi,C.O., Morilak,D.A. Chronic treatment with desipramine improves cognitive performance of rats in an attentional set-shifting test. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32(-5-):1000-1010. >>> Desipramine; Ethanol; IP; Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; post op. care (penicillin); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, adult, 220-240 g.); 10% ethanol used.
P9610 West,C.H.K., Ritchie,J.C., Boss-Williams,K.A., Weiss,J.M. Antidepressant drugs with differing pharmacological actions decrease activity of locus coeruleus neurons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 12(-5-):627-641. >>> Desipramine; mirtazapine; chlorpheniramine; Paroxetine; scopolamine; amphetamine; escitalopram; chlordiazepoxide; SC; IP; Rat; 2ML2; 14, 21 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; dose-response (Fig 2-5); pumps replaced on day 14; good methods pg 629; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 5-7 mo old, 550-700g); "Importantly, use of minipumps also eliminates the need for repeated handling and injection of animals to administer the drug chronically." pg. 628; IP catheter used.
P9294 Zhao,Z.R., Baros,A.M., Zhang,H.T., Lapiz,M.D.S., Bondi,C.O., Morilak,D.A., O'Donnell,J.M. Norepinephrine Transporter Regulation Mediates the Long-Term Behavioral Effects of the Antidepressant Desipramine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33(-13-):3190-3200. >>> Desipramine; Saline; ethanol; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 300-350 g.); 40% DMSO used; 10% EtOH used; behavioral testing (forced swim test).
P9126 Bondi,C.O., Rodriguez,G., Gould,G.G., Frazer,A., Morilak,D.A. Chronic unpredictable stress induces a cognitive deficit and anxiety-like behavior in rats that is prevented by chronic antidepressant drug treatment. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33(-2-):320-331. >>> Desipramine; escitalopram; Ethanol; saline; IP; Rat; 2ML4; ; Post op. care (penicillin); animal info (Sprague Dawley, 200-250 g.); 10% ethanol used; behavioral testing (chronic unpredictable stress).
P8918 Lapiz,M.D., Zhao,Z., Bondi,C.O., O'Donnell,J.M., Morilak,D.A. Blockade of autoreceptor-mediated inhibition of norepinephrine release by atipamezole is maintained after chronic reuptake inhibition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 10(-6-):827-833. >>> Desipramine; Ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; post op. care (penicillin); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, adult, 220-250 g.); 10% ethanol used.
P8892 Paterson,N.E., Semenova,S., Markou,A. The effects of chronic versus acute desipramine on nicotine withdrawal and nicotine self-administration in the rat. Psychopharmacology 2008; 198(-3-):351-362. >>> Desipramine; nicotine; Saline; water; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 2ML2; 2ML4; 7, 14, 28 days; pumps replaced; dependence; animal info (male, Wistar, 300-350g.); post op. care ("antibacterial preparation"); comparison of IP injections vs. SC mp; "The results of the present study indicated that chronic, but not acute, DMI treatment attenuated the anhedonic and somatic components of nicotine withdrawal and that chronic DMI treatment significantly decreased nicotineand food-maintained responding." pg. 358.
P8663 Barbiero,V.S., Giambelli,R., Musazzi,L., Tiraboschi,E., Tardito,D., Perez,J., Drago,F., Racagni,G., Popoli,M. Chronic antidepressants induce redistribution and differential activation of alpha CaM kinase II between presynaptic compartments. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32(-12-):2511-2519. >>> Reboxetine; fluoxetine; desipramine; Ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 170-200g); reboxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI); fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI); desipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant inhibiting norepinephrine release.
P8344 Bondi,C.O., Barrera,G., Lapiz,M.D.S., Bedard,T., Mahan,A., Morilak,D.A. Noradrenergic facilitation of shock-probe defensive burying in lateral septum of rats, and modulation by chronic treatment with desipramine. PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY&BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 2007; 31(-2-):482-495. >>> Desipramine; Ethanol; IP; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 7, 14, 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma DMI levels; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; post op. care (penicillin G); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 grams); 10% ETOH.
P8117 Gould,G.G., Javors,M.A., Frazer,A. Effect of chronic administration of duloxetine on serotonin and norepinephrine transporter binding sites in rat brain. Biological Psychiatry 2007; 61(-2-):210-215. >>> Duloxetine; desipramine; paroxetine; Ethanol; water; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum agent concentrations; dose-response (p.211); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 125-150g).
P8069 Mitchell,H.A., Ahern,T.H., Liles,L.C., Javors,M.A., Weinshenker,D. The effects of norepinephrine transporter inactivation on locomotor activity in mice. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 60(-10-):1046-1052. >>> Reboxetine; bupropion; imipramine; desipramine; venlafaxine; Saline; ethanol; IP; Mice; 2004; 18-20 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; no stress (see p.1049); post op. care (Buprenorphine); animal info (male, female, C57BL6/J, 3-7 months old); 50% ETOH vehicle for desipramine; mp primed 1 day in 37 celsius saline.
P7901 Ahern,T.H., Javors,M.A., Eagles,D.A., Martillotti,J., Mitchell,H.A., Liles,L.C., Weinshenker,D. The effects of chronic norepinephrine transporter inactivation on seizure susceptibility in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 31(-4-):730-738. >>> Reboxetine; sertraline; desipramine; bupropion; imipramine; venlafaxine; Saline; ethanol; IP; Mice; 2004; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum drug levels; dose-response (fig. 4); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg. 731) Dbh -/- mice did not tolerate mp surgery well and showed signs of general malaise. All other mice strains showed no stress.; post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (female, male, 3-7 month old; C57BL/6J NET -/- or wt; 257BL/6J 129SvEv Dbh -/-, +/-) 50% ethanol; mp primed 2 days in 37 celsius saline; "we achieved serum levels that fell within or very close to human therapeutic range for each drug with the exception of sertraline." (pg. 732).
P7726 Gould,G.G., Altamirano,A.V., Javors,M.A., Frazer,A. A comparison of the chronic treatment effects of venlafaxine and other antidepressants on serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 59(-5-):408-414. >>> Venlafaxine; sertraline; amitriptyline; paroxetine; desipramine; citalopram; Saline; water, deionized; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum drug concentrations; dose-response (fig1); anmial info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 150-200g); 50% EtoH in H2O.
P7542 Clinton,S.M., Sucharski,I.L., Finlay,J.M. Desipramine attenuates working memory impairments induced by partial loss of catecholamines in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. Psychopharmacology 2006; 183(-4-):404-412. >>> Desipramine HCl; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 406); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 220-250 g); 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex; norepinephrine uptake inhibitor.
P7514 West,C.H.K., Weiss,J.M. A selective test for antidepressant treatments using rats bred for stress-induced reduction of motor activity in the swim test. Psychopharmacology 2005; 182(-1-):9-23. >>> Amitriptyline HCl; venlafaxine HCl; clordiazepoxide HCl; imipramine HCl; phenelzine sulfate; scopolamine HBr; desipramine HCl; bupropion HCl; chlorpheniramine maleate; fluoxetine HCl; sertraline; amphetamine sulfate, D-; Water, sterile distilled; PEG; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 6,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by agent blood levels; dose-response (fig. 5); animal info (male, female, susceptible, selectively bred); some animals had saline-filled catheter attached to mp to delay drug infusion by 5 days; "The most notable advantage of minipump delivery is that it eliminates stress resulting from daily injection of drug....minipumps also provide constant infusion of drug" (pg. 22).
P6998 Tiraboschi,E., Tardito,D., Kasahara,J., Moraschi,S., Pruneri,P., Gennarelli,M., Racagni,G., Popoli,M. Selective phosphorylation of nuclear CREB by fluoxetine is linked to activation of CaM kinase IV and MAP kinase cascades. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29(-10-):1831-1840. >>> Fluoxetine; desipramine; reboxetine; Ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of acute IP injections vs. mp; 5% ethanol.
P6933 Tiraboschi,E., Giambelli,R., D'Urso,G., Galietta,A., Barbon,A., de Bartolomeis,A., Gennarelli,M., Barlati,S., Racagni,G., Popoli,M. Antidepressants activate CaMKII in neuron cell body by Thr286 phosphorylation. NeuroReport 2004; 15(-15-):2393-2396. >>> Desipramine; reboxetine; Ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP injections vs. SC mp; 5% ethanol used; antidepressants.
P6901 Bonanno,G., Giambelli,R., Raiteri,L., Tiraboschi,E., Zappettini,S., Musazzi,L., Raiteri,M., Racagni,G., Popoli,M. Chronic antidepressants reduce depolarization-evoked glutamate release and protein interactions favoring formation of SNARE complex in hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25(-13-):3270-3279. >>> Fluoxetine; reboxetine; desipramine; Ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Comparison of IP injections vs. SC mp; 5% ethanol used.
P6746 Garcia,A.S., Barrera,G., Burke,T.F., Ma,S., Hensler,J.G., Morilak,D.A. Autoreceptor-mediated inhibition of norepinephrine release in rat medial prefrontal cortex is maintained after chronic desipramine treatment. Journal of Neurochemistry 2004; 91(-3-):683-693. >>> Desipramine, free base; Ethanol; water, sterile distilled; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg.684) skin lesions developed at mp site associated specifically with NA reuptake blocking drugs and not with vehicle; mp relocation to contralateral side after 10 days to prvent lesions..
P6501 Benmansour,S., Altamirano,A.V., Jones,D.J., Sanchez,T.A., Gould,G.G., Pardon,M.C., Morilak,D.A., Frazer,A. Regulation of the norepinephrine transporter by chronic administration of antidepressants. Biological Psychiatry 2004; 55(-3-):313-316. >>> Desipramine; paroxetine; Ethanol; water; SC; Rat; 3,6 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; 50% ethanol.
P5414 Weinshenker,D., White,S.S., Javors,M.A., Palmiter,R.D., Szot,P. Regulation of norepinephrine transporter abundance by catecholamines and desipramine in vivo. Brain Research 2002; 946(-2-):239-246. >>> Desipramine; Saline; ethanol; IP; Mice (knockout); 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antidepressant; norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; 50% ethanol used.
P4797 Grant,M.M., Weiss,J.M. Effects of chronic antidepressant drug administration and electroconvulsive shock on locus coeruleus electrophysiologic activity. Biological Psychiatry 2001; 49(--):117-129. >>> Desipramine, HCl; Imipramine; Phenelzine sulfate; Fluoxetine, HCl; Sertraline, HCl;; Saline; PEG;; SC;; rat;; 2ML2; 2ML4;; 14 or 30 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antidepressant; functionality of mp verified by antidepressant blood levels vs. IP injection; dose-response (table, text p. 123-124); no stress (see p. 119 "consequences of daily handling and injection were therefore avoided in the present study"); desipramine, imipramine, and phenelzine were delivered in saline vehicle; fluoxetine and sertraline were delivered in 75% PEG and 25% saline; the agents are all clinical antidepressants;.
10. Duloxetine
P8117 Gould,G.G., Javors,M.A., Frazer,A. Effect of chronic administration of duloxetine on serotonin and norepinephrine transporter binding sites in rat brain. Biological Psychiatry 2007; 61(-2-):210-215. >>> Duloxetine; desipramine; paroxetine; Ethanol; water; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum agent concentrations; dose-response (p.211); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 125-150g).
P7266 Grandoso,L., Torrecilla,M., Pineda,J., Ugedo,L. Alpha2-Adrenoceptor involvement in the in vitro inhibitory effect of citalopram on a subpopulation of rat locus coeruleus neurons. European Journal of Pharmacology 2005; 517(-1-2-):51-58. >>> Citalopram; duloxetine; Saline; SC; Rat; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor.
11. Fluoxetine
Q0355 Pinnock,S.B., Blake,A.M., Platt,N.J., Herbert,J. The Roles of BDNF, pCREB and Wnt3a in the Latent Period Preceding Activation of Progenitor Cell Mitosis in The Adult Dentate Gyrus by Fluoxetine. PLoS One 2010; 5(-10-):U236-U243. >>> K252a; fluoxetine; Saline; CSF/CNS; SC; Rat; 1002; 2ML2; 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 8 wks old, 200-250 g); multiple pumps per animal (2); cannula placement verified by examining its track on sections stained with cresyl violet.
Q0819 Oh,J.E., Zupan,B., Gross,S., Toth,M. Paradoxical Anxiogenic Response of Juvenile Mice to Fluoxetine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009; 34(-10-):2197-2207. >>> Fluoxetine; Saline; SC; Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Swiss Webster, C57Bl/6, male, 2 weeks old); no stress (see pg.2197) "No adverse effect to chronic fluoxetine was seen in adult mice..." ; behavioral testing (elevated plus maze, open-field, NIH tests, forced swim test).
P9789 Pinnock,S.B., Lazic,S.E., Wong,H.T., Wong,I.H.W., Herbert,J. SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE AND FLUOXETINE ON PROLIFERATION OF PROGENITOR CELLS IN THE DENTATE GYRUS OF THE ADULT MALE RAT. Neuroscience 2009; 158(-4-):1644-1651. >>> Fluoxetine; SC; Rat; 14 days; Animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 8 wks old, 250-300 g.).
P9479 Rodriguez-Gaztelumendi,A., Rojo,M.L., Pazos,A., Diaz,A. Altered CB1 receptor-signaling in prefrontal cortex from an animal model of depression is reversed by chronic fluoxetine. Journal of Neurochemistry 2009; 108(-6-):1423-1433. >>> Fluoxetine HCl; Propylene glycol; ethanol; water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250-270 g.); 10% ethanol used; behavioral testing (open field).
P9290 Alahmed,S., Herbert,J. STRAIN DIFFERENCES IN PROLIFERATION OF PROGENITOR CELLS IN THE DENTATE GYRUS OF THE ADULT RAT AND THE RESPONSE TO FLUOXETINE ARE DEPENDENT ON CORTICOSTERONE. Neuroscience 2008; 157(-3-):677-682. >>> Fluoxetine; Propylene glycol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of daily IP injections vs. mp; post op. care (Buprenorphine); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, Lister-hooded, 200-250 g.); "The activity of progenitor cells in either strain did not respond to daily i.p. injections of fluoexetine (10 mg/kg) for 14 days, but an equivalent dose administered by osmotic minipump stimulated proliferation in both by a similar proportional amount." (p. 677).
P9289 Bechtholt,A.J., Valentino,R.J., Lucki,I. Overlapping and distinct brain regions associated with the anxiolytic effects of chlordiazepoxide and chronic fluoxetine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33(-9-):2117-2130. >>> Fluoxetine HCl; Ethanol; water, sterile distilled, deionized; SC; Rat; 3, 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 3); no stress (see pg. 2121); post op. care (Betadine); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 225-250 g.); behavioral testing (novelty-induced hypophagia test (NIH)); 50% EtOH used; "Continued administration (of fluoxetine) for a chronic period may be required for elicitation of the associated behavioral effects." (p.2127).
P9751 Castro,E., Diaz,A., Rodriguez-Gaztelumendi,A., del Olmo,E., Pazos,A. WAY100635 prevents the changes induced by fluoxetine upon the 5-HT1A receptor functionality. Neuropharmacology 2008; 55(-8-):1391-1396. >>> Fluoxetine hydrochloride; WAY 100635; Propylene glycol; ethanol; water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; animal info (male, Wistar, 200-250 g); 10% ethanol used.
P8768 Forcelli,P.A., Heinrichs,S.C. Teratogenic effects of maternal antidepressant exposure on neural substrates of drug-seeking behavior in offspring. Addiction Biology 2008; 13(-1-):52-62. >>> Fluoxetine; Water; ethanol; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; animal info (female, Wistar, GD14); 50% EtOH used.
P8931 Riad,M., Rbah,L., Verdurand,M., Aznavour,N., Zimmer,L., Descarries,L. Unchanged density of 5-HT1A autoreceptors on the plasma membrane of nucleus raphe dorsalis neurons in rats chronically treated with fluoxetine. Neuroscience 2008; 151(-3-):692-700. >>> Fluoxetine; DMSO; water; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 3 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200 g.); 50% DMSO used.
P9449 Stone,E.A., Lin,Y., Quartermain,D. Evaluation of the repeated open-space swim model of depression in the mouse. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2008; 91(-1-):190-195. >>> Imipramine HCl, desmethyl; diazepam; fluoxetine; haloperidol; Saline; DMSO; water; SC; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; half-life (p. 191); animal info (male, Swiss Webster, 8-10 wks old); 25% ,50%, or 100% DMSO used; behavioral testing (swimming behavior, tail-suspension test, sucrose suspension test); "since drugs have relatively short half-lives in mice, to more closely mimic the human condition in which blood levels are maintained for prolonged periods, all agents were administered by osmotic minipump." (p. 191).
P8663 Barbiero,V.S., Giambelli,R., Musazzi,L., Tiraboschi,E., Tardito,D., Perez,J., Drago,F., Racagni,G., Popoli,M. Chronic antidepressants induce redistribution and differential activation of alpha CaM kinase II between presynaptic compartments. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32(-12-):2511-2519. >>> Reboxetine; fluoxetine; desipramine; Ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 170-200g); reboxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI); fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI); desipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant inhibiting norepinephrine release.
P8166 Di Benedetto,M., D'Addario,C., Candeletti,S., Romualdi,P. Alterations of CREB and DARPP-32 phosphorylation following cocaine and monoaminergic uptake inhibitors. Brain Research 2007; 1128(-1-):33-39. >>> Cocaine; fluoxetine; GBR12909; nisoxetine; Water, sterile; SC; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 37); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 grams).
P7761 Huang,G.J., Herbert,J. Stimulation of neurogenesis in the hippocampus of the adult rat by fluoxetine requires rhythmic change in corticosterone. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 59(-7-):619-624. >>> Fluoxetine; DPAT, 8-OH-; Water; propylene glycol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 14, 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Lister hooded, male, 250-300g., 9-10 wk old).
P7295 Amargos-Bosch,M., Artigas,F., Adell,A. Effects of acute olanzapine after sustained fluoxetine on extracellular monoamine levels in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. European Journal of Pharmacology 2005; 516(-3-):235-238. >>> Fluoxetine, HCL; DMSO; water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; 50% DMSO.
P6901 Bonanno,G., Giambelli,R., Raiteri,L., Tiraboschi,E., Zappettini,S., Musazzi,L., Raiteri,M., Racagni,G., Popoli,M. Chronic antidepressants reduce depolarization-evoked glutamate release and protein interactions favoring formation of SNARE complex in hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25(-13-):3270-3279. >>> Fluoxetine; reboxetine; desipramine; Ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Comparison of IP injections vs. SC mp; 5% ethanol used.
P7543 Cryan,J.F., Page,M.E., Lucki,I. Differential behavioral effects of the antidepressants reboxetine, fluoxetine, and moclobemide in a modified forced swim test following chronic treatment. Psychopharmacology 2005; 182(-3-):335-344. >>> Reboxetine hydrobromide; fluoxetine hydrobromide; moclobemide; Ethanol; saline; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 2ML2; 3, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or saline; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; dose-response (fig. 1); post op. care (providone-iodine antiseptic ointment); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 350-500 g); 50% ethanol.
P7377 Vartazarmian,R., Malik,S., Baker,G.B., Boksa,P. Long-term effects of fluoxetine or vehicle administration during pregnancy on behavioral outcomes in guinea pig offspring. Psychopharmacology 2005; 178(-2-3-):328-338. >>> Fluoxetine; DMSO; water; SC; Guinea-Pig (pregnant); 44 days; Functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; pumps replaced on day 22&44; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg. 335) Hyperalgesia in control group (suggested it could be the DMSO); half-life (p. 331); teratology; 10, 15, 209 DMSO; 14d&28d pumps used; "use of the 28-day pump also minimizes the number of surgical pump implantations needed to maintain drug delivery throughout pregnancy." p. 332.
P7514 West,C.H.K., Weiss,J.M. A selective test for antidepressant treatments using rats bred for stress-induced reduction of motor activity in the swim test. Psychopharmacology 2005; 182(-1-):9-23. >>> Amitriptyline HCl; venlafaxine HCl; clordiazepoxide HCl; imipramine HCl; phenelzine sulfate; scopolamine HBr; desipramine HCl; bupropion HCl; chlorpheniramine maleate; fluoxetine HCl; sertraline; amphetamine sulfate, D-; Water, sterile distilled; PEG; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 6,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by agent blood levels; dose-response (fig. 5); animal info (male, female, susceptible, selectively bred); some animals had saline-filled catheter attached to mp to delay drug infusion by 5 days; "The most notable advantage of minipump delivery is that it eliminates stress resulting from daily injection of drug....minipumps also provide constant infusion of drug" (pg. 22).
P6555 Di Benedetto,M., D'Addario,C., Collins,S., Izenwasser,S., Candeletti,S., Romualdi,P. Role of serotonin on cocaine-mediated effects on prodynorphin gene expression in the rat brain. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience 2004; 22(-3-):213-222. >>> Fluoxetine, HCL; Water, sterile; SC; Rat; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle.
P6640 Seager,M.A., Huff,K.D., Barth,V.N., Phebus,L.A., Rasmussen,K. Fluoxetine administration potentiates the effect of olanzapine on locus coeruleus neuronal activity. Biological Psychiatry 2004; 55(-11-):1103-1109. >>> Fluoxetine, HCL; Water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 3 weeks; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by brain and plasma drug levels; pumps replaced at days 7 and 14.
P6998 Tiraboschi,E., Tardito,D., Kasahara,J., Moraschi,S., Pruneri,P., Gennarelli,M., Racagni,G., Popoli,M. Selective phosphorylation of nuclear CREB by fluoxetine is linked to activation of CaM kinase IV and MAP kinase cascades. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29(-10-):1831-1840. >>> Fluoxetine; desipramine; reboxetine; Ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of acute IP injections vs. mp; 5% ethanol.
P5751 Castro,M.E., Diaz,A., del Olmo,E., Pazos,A. Chronic fluoxetine induces changes in G protein coupling at pre and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors in rat brain. Neuropharmacology 2003; 44(-1-):93-101. >>> Fluoxetine, HCL; Propylene glycol; ethanol; water, distilled; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Antidepressant; 50% propylene glycol, 10% ethanol,&40% water used as a vehicle.
P6164 Miro,X., Perez-Torres,S., Artigas,F., Puigdomemnech,P., Palacios,J.M., Mengod,G. Regulation of cAMP phosphodiesterase mRNAs expression in rat brain by acute and chronic fluoxetine treatment. An in situ hybridization study. Neuropharmacology 2002; 43(-7-):1148-1157. >>> Fluoxetine; Water; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; fluoxetine was dissolved in 50% DMSO and 50% water; "...fluoxetine was delivered by minipumps to prevent the injection-induced stress..." p. 1156.
P5849 Rausch,J.L., Gillespie,C.F., Fei,Y., Hobby,H.M., Stoming,T., Ganapathy,V., Leibach,F.H. Antidepressant effects on kinase gene expression patterns in rat brain. Neuroscience Letters 2002; 334(-2-):91-94. >>> Citalopram, hydrobromide; Fluoxetine, HCL; Saline, sterile; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 3 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; Citalopram&Fluoxetine (antidepressants) were dissolved in 50% ethanol&50% saline.
P5193 Stout,S.C., Owens,M.J., Nemeroff,C.B. Regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor neuronal systems and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity by stress and chronic antidepressant treatment. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2002; 300(-3-):1085-1092. >>> Reboxetine methanesulfonate; fluoxetine HCl; Venlafaxine HCl; Tranylcypromine HCl; Saline; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 26 or 27 days; antidepressant; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality verified by drug serum levels; 2ML2 pumps replaced after 2 weeks; 2ML4 pumps used for all antidepressants except fluoxetine, which required serial 2ML2 implantation due to solubility problems; venlafaxine given for 27 days; all other drugs infused for 26 days; fluoxetine vehicle was 12% DMSO.
P4797 Grant,M.M., Weiss,J.M. Effects of chronic antidepressant drug administration and electroconvulsive shock on locus coeruleus electrophysiologic activity. Biological Psychiatry 2001; 49(--):117-129. >>> Desipramine, HCl; Imipramine; Phenelzine sulfate; Fluoxetine, HCl; Sertraline, HCl;; Saline; PEG;; SC;; rat;; 2ML2; 2ML4;; 14 or 30 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antidepressant; functionality of mp verified by antidepressant blood levels vs. IP injection; dose-response (table, text p. 123-124); no stress (see p. 119 "consequences of daily handling and injection were therefore avoided in the present study"); desipramine, imipramine, and phenelzine were delivered in saline vehicle; fluoxetine and sertraline were delivered in 75% PEG and 25% saline; the agents are all clinical antidepressants;.
12. Fluvoxamine
P7312 Zhou,R., Gray,N.A., Yuan,P.X., Li,X.X., Chen,J.S., Chen,G., mschroder-Williams,P., Du,J., Zhang,L., Manji,H.K. The anti-apoptotic, glucocorticoid receptor cochaperone protein BAG-1 is a long-term target for the actions of mood stabilizers. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25(-18-):4493-4502. >>> Amphetamine; fluvoxamine; haloperidol; Water; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 3 weeks; Functionality of mp verified by residual volume; 50% ethanol used [not suggested by ALZET].
13. Imipramine
P9449 Stone,E.A., Lin,Y., Quartermain,D. Evaluation of the repeated open-space swim model of depression in the mouse. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2008; 91(-1-):190-195. >>> Imipramine HCl, desmethyl; diazepam; fluoxetine; haloperidol; Saline; DMSO; water; SC; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; half-life (p. 191); animal info (male, Swiss Webster, 8-10 wks old); 25% ,50%, or 100% DMSO used; behavioral testing (swimming behavior, tail-suspension test, sucrose suspension test); "since drugs have relatively short half-lives in mice, to more closely mimic the human condition in which blood levels are maintained for prolonged periods, all agents were administered by osmotic minipump." (p. 191).
P9288 Becker,C., Zeau,B., Rivat,C., Blugeot,A., Hamon,M., Benoliel,J.J. Repeated social defeat-induced depression-like behavioral and biological alterations in rats: involvement of cholecystokinin. Molecular Psychiatry 2008; 13(-12-):1079-1092. >>> Imipramine; CI-988; Water, distilled; saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 25 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 1089); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 8 wks old, 300-325 g., Long-Evans, 700-800); behavioral testing (social defeat paradigm); "We chose to give Imipramine... through an implanted mini-pump because (1) a relatively constant level of Imipramine can be delivered to the animals throughout the day and (2) the procedure is not stressful." (p. 1089).
P8097 Fujita,M., Imaizumi,M., D'Sa,C., Zoghbi,S.S., Crescenzo,M.S., Hong,J.S., Musachio,J.L., Gee,A.D., Seidel,J., Green,M.V., Pike,V.W., Duman,R.S., Innis,R.B. In vivo and in vitro measurement of brain phosphodiesterase 4 in rats after antidepressant administration. Synapse 2007; 61(-2-):78-86. >>> Imipramine; Saline; SC; Rat; 20, 27 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 268-345g.); Positron emission tomography (PET); "To avoid injection-induced stress and fluctuations of imipramine and the metabolite levels, we administered imipramine using osmotic minipump" (p.84).
P8069 Mitchell,H.A., Ahern,T.H., Liles,L.C., Javors,M.A., Weinshenker,D. The effects of norepinephrine transporter inactivation on locomotor activity in mice. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 60(-10-):1046-1052. >>> Reboxetine; bupropion; imipramine; desipramine; venlafaxine; Saline; ethanol; IP; Mice; 2004; 18-20 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; no stress (see p.1049); post op. care (Buprenorphine); animal info (male, female, C57BL6/J, 3-7 months old); 50% ETOH vehicle for desipramine; mp primed 1 day in 37 celsius saline.
P7901 Ahern,T.H., Javors,M.A., Eagles,D.A., Martillotti,J., Mitchell,H.A., Liles,L.C., Weinshenker,D. The effects of chronic norepinephrine transporter inactivation on seizure susceptibility in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 31(-4-):730-738. >>> Reboxetine; sertraline; desipramine; bupropion; imipramine; venlafaxine; Saline; ethanol; IP; Mice; 2004; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum drug levels; dose-response (fig. 4); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg. 731) Dbh -/- mice did not tolerate mp surgery well and showed signs of general malaise. All other mice strains showed no stress.; post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (female, male, 3-7 month old; C57BL/6J NET -/- or wt; 257BL/6J 129SvEv Dbh -/-, +/-) 50% ethanol; mp primed 2 days in 37 celsius saline; "we achieved serum levels that fell within or very close to human therapeutic range for each drug with the exception of sertraline." (pg. 732).
P7514 West,C.H.K., Weiss,J.M. A selective test for antidepressant treatments using rats bred for stress-induced reduction of motor activity in the swim test. Psychopharmacology 2005; 182(-1-):9-23. >>> Amitriptyline HCl; venlafaxine HCl; clordiazepoxide HCl; imipramine HCl; phenelzine sulfate; scopolamine HBr; desipramine HCl; bupropion HCl; chlorpheniramine maleate; fluoxetine HCl; sertraline; amphetamine sulfate, D-; Water, sterile distilled; PEG; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 6,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by agent blood levels; dose-response (fig. 5); animal info (male, female, susceptible, selectively bred); some animals had saline-filled catheter attached to mp to delay drug infusion by 5 days; "The most notable advantage of minipump delivery is that it eliminates stress resulting from daily injection of drug....minipumps also provide constant infusion of drug" (pg. 22).
P6585 Colpaert,F.C., Tarayre,J.P., Koek,W., Pauwels,P.J., Bardin,L., Xu,X.J., Wiesenfeld-Hallin,Z., Cosi,C., Carilla-Durand,E., Assie,M.B., Vacher,B. Large-amplitude 5-HT1A receptor activation: a new mechanism of profound, central analgesia. Neuropharmacology 2002; 43(-6-):945-958. >>> F13640; morphine HCL; imipramine HCl; ketamine HCl; gabapentin; Water, double distilled; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (fig. 3); comparison of IP&SC injections vs. mp; tolerance; dependence; "Continuous F 13640 infusion uniquely produced profound analgesia in this model of severe, chronic pain." (p. 955).
P5883 Gur,E., Lifschytz,T., Lerer,B., Newman,M.E. Effects of triiodothyronine and imipramine on basal 5-HT levels and 5- HT1 autoreceptor activity in rat cortex. European Journal of Pharmacology 2002; 457(-1-):37-43. >>> Imipramine; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 2, 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline.
P5337 Slot,L.A.B., Tarayre,J.P., Koek,W., Ribet,J.P., Colpaert,F.C. Experimental conditions for the continuous subcutaneous infusion of four central analgesics in rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2002; 72(-4-):943-951. >>> Morphine HCl; Ketamine HCl; Imipramine HCl; gabapentin; Water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; no stress (see pg. 947); 14 day stability verified by HPLC on all agents; the site of pump placement was massaged daily to avoid tissue adherance; opioid and non-opioid analgesics; body weight gain information provided.
P4797 Grant,M.M., Weiss,J.M. Effects of chronic antidepressant drug administration and electroconvulsive shock on locus coeruleus electrophysiologic activity. Biological Psychiatry 2001; 49(--):117-129. >>> Desipramine, HCl; Imipramine; Phenelzine sulfate; Fluoxetine, HCl; Sertraline, HCl;; Saline; PEG;; SC;; rat;; 2ML2; 2ML4;; 14 or 30 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antidepressant; functionality of mp verified by antidepressant blood levels vs. IP injection; dose-response (table, text p. 123-124); no stress (see p. 119 "consequences of daily handling and injection were therefore avoided in the present study"); desipramine, imipramine, and phenelzine were delivered in saline vehicle; fluoxetine and sertraline were delivered in 75% PEG and 25% saline; the agents are all clinical antidepressants;.
14. Lithium
P9776 Pulford,D.J., Adams,F, Henry,B, Mallinson,D.J., Reid,I.C., Stewaert,C.A. Chronic lithium administration down regulates transthyretin mRNA expression in rat choroid plexus. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2006; 2(-4-):549-555. >>> Lithium chloride; Water, sterile; SC; Rat; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Lister hooded, 257 g.).
P9250 Dill,J., Wang,H.Y., Zhou,F.Q., Li,S.X. Inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 promotes axonal growth and recovery in the CNS. Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 28(-36-):8914-8928. >>> Lithium Chloride; Saline, physiological; SC; Mice; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (Glycogen synthase kinase-3); animal info (female, C57BL/6, 8-10 wks old, spinal cord injury/laminectomy); behavioral testing (BBB locomotor scale, grid walking, foot print analysis).
P6711 Benoit,S.C., Air,E.L., Wilmer,K., Messerschmidt,P., Hodge,K.M.B., Jones,M.B., Eckstein,D.M.M., McOsker,C.C., Seeley,R.J., Woods,S.C., Sheldon,R.J. Two novel paradigms for the simultaneous assessment of conditioned taste aversion and food intake effects of anorexic agents. PHYSIOLOGY&BEHAVIOR 2003; 79(-4-5-):761-766. >>> Lithium Chloride; IP; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ equimolar saline; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; no stress (see pg.764).
P5723 Benoit,S.C., Sheldon,R.J., Air,E.L., Messerschmidt,P., Wilmer,K.A., Hodge,K.M.B., Jones,M.B., Eckstein,D.M.M., McOsker,C.C., Woods,S.C., Seeley,R.J. Assessment of the aversive consequences of acute and chronic administration of the melanocortin agonist, MTII. International Journal of Obesity 2003; 27(-5-):550-556. >>> MTII; Lithium chloride; IP; Rat; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; comparison of IP, IV, SC injections vs. IP mp; MTII is a melanocortin agonist.
15. Maprotiline
Q0004 Bjartmar,L., Alkhori,L., Ruud,J., Mohammed,A.H., Marcusson,J., Hallbeck,M. Long-term treatment with antidepressants, but not environmental stimulation, induces expression of NP2 mRNA in hippocampus and medial habenula. Brain Research 2010; 1328(-;-):25-33. >>> Amitriptyline; moclobemide; citalopram hydrobromide; maprotiline; SC; Rat; 3, 21 days; Controls received mp w/isotonic saline; enzyme inhibitor (monoamine oxidase-A); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 g); "This method of delivery was chosen to avoid daily injections and thus manipulation of the animals." (p. 30); antidepressants.
16. Mianserin
P2365 Mitchell,P.J., Redfern,P.H. Chronic treatment with clomipramine and mianserin increases the hierarchial position of subdominant rats housed in triads. Behav.Pharmacology 1992; 3(--):239-247. >>> Clomipramine; Mianserin; Water; SC; rat; 2002; 7/14 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/ water or sham op; no stress (see pg. 241).
P1756 Kurata,K., Kurachi,M. Heterogeneous distribution of mianserin in rat brain during chronic continuous infusion. Pharmacology 1989; 39(--):285-290. >>> Mianserin; DMSO; SC; rat; 2ML2; 2, 14 days; functionality of mp verified by measuring residual volume, serum drug levels; tetracyclic antidepressant, 5HT antagonists.
P1695 Kubota,H., Asakura,M., Tsukamoto,T., Imafuku,J., Nishizaki,J., Sato,A., Nakanishi,J., Ogawa,Y., Hasegawa,K. Mechanisms of the B-adrenoceptor down-regulation by the treatment with antidepressants in the rat cerebral cortex: effects of continuous administration of antidepressants by an osmotic pump. Jpn.J.Psychiatry Neurol. 1990; 44(-1-):135-136. >>> Tunicamycin; Cycloheximide; Desipramine; Fluoxetine; Mianserin; Trazodone; CSF/CNS; SC; rat; 2001; 2ML1; 4-7 days; comparison of sc injections vs. mp; cyclo. and tunica. delivered icv for 5 days.
P0338 Williams,M., Risley,E.A., Robinson,J.L. Chronic in vivo treatment with desmethylimipramine and mianserin does not alter adenosine A-1 radioligand binding in rat cortex. Neurosci.Lett. 1983; 35(--):47-51. >>> Desipramine; Mianserin; SC; rat; 2ML2; 2-3 weeks; comparison of agents effects; DMI 2 wks, Mianserin 3 wks.
17. Milnacipran
P9846 Takeda,R., Watanabe,Y., Ikeda,T., Abe,H., Ebihara,K., Matsuo,H., Nonaka,H., Hashiguchi,H., Nishimori,T., Ishida,Y. Analgesic effect of milnacipran is associated with c-Fos expression in the anterior cingulate cortex in the rat neuropathic pain model. NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH 2009; 64(-4-):380-384. >>> Milnacipran; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; ; Controls received sham operation; animal info (Sprague Dawley, 320-350 g.); behavioral testing (withdrawal response); "The pump makes it possible to precisely and continuously administer systemic drug-delivery without any repeated harmful treatment" pg. 381.
18. Mirtazapine
Q0899 Yamamura,S., Abe,M., Nakagawa,M., Ochi,S., Ueno,S., Okada,M. Different actions for acute and chronic administration of mirtazapine on serotonergic transmission associated with raphe nuclei and their innervation cortical regions. Neuropharmacology 2011; 60(-4-):550-560. >>> Mirtazapine; HCl; Ringer's solution; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Animal info (Sprague-Dawley, male, 5 wks old).
P9610 West,C.H.K., Ritchie,J.C., Boss-Williams,K.A., Weiss,J.M. Antidepressant drugs with differing pharmacological actions decrease activity of locus coeruleus neurons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 12(-5-):627-641. >>> Desipramine; mirtazapine; chlorpheniramine; Paroxetine; scopolamine; amphetamine; escitalopram; chlordiazepoxide; SC; IP; Rat; 2ML2; 14, 21 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; dose-response (Fig 2-5); pumps replaced on day 14; good methods pg 629; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 5-7 mo old, 550-700g); "Importantly, use of minipumps also eliminates the need for repeated handling and injection of animals to administer the drug chronically." pg. 628; IP catheter used.
P4703 Besson,A, Haddjeri,N., Blier,P., de Montigny,C. Effects of the co-administration of mirtazapine and paroxetine on serotonergic neurotransmission in the rat brain.. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2000; 10(--):177-188. >>> Mirtazapine; Paroxetine;; Water; Ethanol;; SC;; rat;; 2 or 21 days;; No stress (see pg; 178); Antidepressant treatment; 80:20 water/ethanol vehicle used in 2 day study; 50:50 water/ethanol vehicle used in 21 day study; multiple pumps per animal (2) used for mirtazapine-paroxetine combination group;.
19. Nomifensine
P0694 Lloyd,K.G., Thuret,F., Pilc,A. Upregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B binding sites in rat frontal cortex: a common action of repeated administration of different classes of antidepressants and electroshock. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1985; 235(-1-):191-199. >>> Maprotiline; Nomifensine; Amitriptyline; Citalopram; Desipramine; Pargyline; Trazodone; Viloxazine; Zimeldine; SC; rat; 2002; 6-18 days; comparison of agents effects; comparison of single dose ip injec vs. mp infusion and repeated ip injec of other psychotropic drugs vs. electroshock treatment; antihypertensive.
20. Nortriptyline
P2654 Brodin,K., Ogren,S.-O., Brodin,E. Clomipramine and clonazepam increase cholecystokinin levels in rat ventral tegmental area and limbic regions. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1994; 263(--):175-180. >>> Nortriptyline; Amitriptyline; Clomipramine; Alaproclate; Clonazepam; Alcohol; Saline; SC; rat; 2ML2; 14 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; dose-response (Table 1; pg. 177); enzyme inhibitor; clonazepam is a benzodiazepene; the others are monoamine uptake inhibitors.
21. Paroxetine
P9644 Skelin,I., Yamane,F., Diksic,M. Flesinoxan challenge suggests that chronic treatment with paroxetine in rats does not desensitize receptors controlling 5-HT synthesis. NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL 2008; 53(-6-8-):236-243. >>> Paroxetine; Ethanol; water; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Animal info (SD, male, 130-150g); 50% ethanol.
P9610 West,C.H.K., Ritchie,J.C., Boss-Williams,K.A., Weiss,J.M. Antidepressant drugs with differing pharmacological actions decrease activity of locus coeruleus neurons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 12(-5-):627-641. >>> Desipramine; mirtazapine; chlorpheniramine; Paroxetine; scopolamine; amphetamine; escitalopram; chlordiazepoxide; SC; IP; Rat; 2ML2; 14, 21 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; dose-response (Fig 2-5); pumps replaced on day 14; good methods pg 629; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 5-7 mo old, 550-700g); "Importantly, use of minipumps also eliminates the need for repeated handling and injection of animals to administer the drug chronically." pg. 628; IP catheter used.
P8117 Gould,G.G., Javors,M.A., Frazer,A. Effect of chronic administration of duloxetine on serotonin and norepinephrine transporter binding sites in rat brain. Biological Psychiatry 2007; 61(-2-):210-215. >>> Duloxetine; desipramine; paroxetine; Ethanol; water; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum agent concentrations; dose-response (p.211); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 125-150g).
P7726 Gould,G.G., Altamirano,A.V., Javors,M.A., Frazer,A. A comparison of the chronic treatment effects of venlafaxine and other antidepressants on serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 59(-5-):408-414. >>> Venlafaxine; sertraline; amitriptyline; paroxetine; desipramine; citalopram; Saline; water, deionized; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum drug concentrations; dose-response (fig1); anmial info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 150-200g); 50% EtoH in H2O.
P7376 Hirano,K., Seki,T., Sakai,N., Kato,Y., Hashimoto,H., Uchida,S., Yamada,S. Effects of continuous administration of paroxetine on ligand binding site and expression of serotonin transporter protein in mouse brain. Brain Research 2005; 1053(-1-2-):154-161. >>> Paroxetine hydrochloride; Ethanol; water, distilled; SC; Mice; 2004; 5, 10, 15, 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma drug concentration; dose-response (fig. 1); half-life (p. 157) 3.4 hours after oral admin.; 50% EZOH; "The subcutaneous implantation of the drug-containing osmotic minipump enabled the continuous administration of paroxetine... and succeeded in maintaining the mouse plasma paroxetine concentrations within therapeutic levels." (p.158).
P7088 Aubel,B., Kayser,V., Mauborgne,A., Farre,A., Hamon,M., Bourgoin,S. Antihyperalgesic effects of cizolirtine in diabetic rats: Behavioral and biochemical studies. Pain 2004; 110(-1-2-):22-32. >>> Cizolirtine; paroxetine hydrochloride; Saline; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (STZ-induced diabetes); dose-response (fig. 4); 20% DMSO.
P6501 Benmansour,S., Altamirano,A.V., Jones,D.J., Sanchez,T.A., Gould,G.G., Pardon,M.C., Morilak,D.A., Frazer,A. Regulation of the norepinephrine transporter by chronic administration of antidepressants. Biological Psychiatry 2004; 55(-3-):313-316. >>> Desipramine; paroxetine; Ethanol; water; SC; Rat; 3,6 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; 50% ethanol.
P6062 Gould,G.G., Pardon,M.C., Morilak,D.A., Frazer,A. Regulatory effects of reboxetine treatment alone, or following paroxetine treatment, on brain noradrenergic and serotonergic systems. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003; 28(-9-):1633-1641. >>> Paroxetine; reboxetine; Saline; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 3,6 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; RBX and PRX plasma levels taken; pumps replaced every 3 weeks; solution was filter sterilized; PRX was dissolved in 50% ETOH and RBX in saline; multiple doses used.
P5724 Konkle,A.T.M., Sreter,K.B., Baker,S.L., Bielajew,C. Chronic paroxetine infusion influences macronutrient selection in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2003; 74(-4-):883-890. >>> Paroxetine hydrochloride; Ethanol; water; IP; Rat; 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; vehicle consisted of 50% ethanol; antidepressant.
P4703 Besson,A, Haddjeri,N., Blier,P., de Montigny,C. Effects of the co-administration of mirtazapine and paroxetine on serotonergic neurotransmission in the rat brain.. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2000; 10(--):177-188. >>> Mirtazapine; Paroxetine;; Water; Ethanol;; SC;; rat;; 2 or 21 days;; No stress (see pg; 178); Antidepressant treatment; 80:20 water/ethanol vehicle used in 2 day study; 50:50 water/ethanol vehicle used in 21 day study; multiple pumps per animal (2) used for mirtazapine-paroxetine combination group;.
22. Phenelzine
P9373 Chenu,F., El Mansari,M., Blier,P. Long-term administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors alters the firing rate and pattern of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 12(-4-):475-485. >>> Clorgyline; phenelzine; deprenyl; SC; Rat; 2, 21 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; enzyme inhibitor (MAO, monoamine oxidase); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250-300 g.).
P7514 West,C.H.K., Weiss,J.M. A selective test for antidepressant treatments using rats bred for stress-induced reduction of motor activity in the swim test. Psychopharmacology 2005; 182(-1-):9-23. >>> Amitriptyline HCl; venlafaxine HCl; clordiazepoxide HCl; imipramine HCl; phenelzine sulfate; scopolamine HBr; desipramine HCl; bupropion HCl; chlorpheniramine maleate; fluoxetine HCl; sertraline; amphetamine sulfate, D-; Water, sterile distilled; PEG; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 6,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by agent blood levels; dose-response (fig. 5); animal info (male, female, susceptible, selectively bred); some animals had saline-filled catheter attached to mp to delay drug infusion by 5 days; "The most notable advantage of minipump delivery is that it eliminates stress resulting from daily injection of drug....minipumps also provide constant infusion of drug" (pg. 22).
P4797 Grant,M.M., Weiss,J.M. Effects of chronic antidepressant drug administration and electroconvulsive shock on locus coeruleus electrophysiologic activity. Biological Psychiatry 2001; 49(--):117-129. >>> Desipramine, HCl; Imipramine; Phenelzine sulfate; Fluoxetine, HCl; Sertraline, HCl;; Saline; PEG;; SC;; rat;; 2ML2; 2ML4;; 14 or 30 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antidepressant; functionality of mp verified by antidepressant blood levels vs. IP injection; dose-response (table, text p. 123-124); no stress (see p. 119 "consequences of daily handling and injection were therefore avoided in the present study"); desipramine, imipramine, and phenelzine were delivered in saline vehicle; fluoxetine and sertraline were delivered in 75% PEG and 25% saline; the agents are all clinical antidepressants;.
23. Reboxetine
P9879 Zhao,Z., Zhang,H.T., Bootzin,E., Millan,M.J., O'Donnell,J.M. Association of Changes in Norepinephrine and Serotonin Transporter Expression with the Long-Term Behavioral Effects of Antidepressant Drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009; 34(-6-):1467-1481. >>> Protriptyline; reboxetine; sertraline; venlafaxine; DMSO; saline; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 14, 42 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study; pumps replaced after 21 days; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 300-350 g.); 50% DMSO used; 10% ethanol used.
P9743 Arunrut,T., Alejandre,H., Chen,M., Cha,J., Russo-Neustadt,A. Differential behavioral and neurochemical effects of exercise, reboxetine and citalopram with the forced swim test. LIFE SCIENCES 2009; 84(-17-18-):584-589. >>> Reboxetine; citalopram; Saline; SC; Rat; 7 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley).
P8663 Barbiero,V.S., Giambelli,R., Musazzi,L., Tiraboschi,E., Tardito,D., Perez,J., Drago,F., Racagni,G., Popoli,M. Chronic antidepressants induce redistribution and differential activation of alpha CaM kinase II between presynaptic compartments. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32(-12-):2511-2519. >>> Reboxetine; fluoxetine; desipramine; Ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 170-200g); reboxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI); fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI); desipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant inhibiting norepinephrine release.
P8069 Mitchell,H.A., Ahern,T.H., Liles,L.C., Javors,M.A., Weinshenker,D. The effects of norepinephrine transporter inactivation on locomotor activity in mice. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 60(-10-):1046-1052. >>> Reboxetine; bupropion; imipramine; desipramine; venlafaxine; Saline; ethanol; IP; Mice; 2004; 18-20 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; no stress (see p.1049); post op. care (Buprenorphine); animal info (male, female, C57BL6/J, 3-7 months old); 50% ETOH vehicle for desipramine; mp primed 1 day in 37 celsius saline.
P7901 Ahern,T.H., Javors,M.A., Eagles,D.A., Martillotti,J., Mitchell,H.A., Liles,L.C., Weinshenker,D. The effects of chronic norepinephrine transporter inactivation on seizure susceptibility in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 31(-4-):730-738. >>> Reboxetine; sertraline; desipramine; bupropion; imipramine; venlafaxine; Saline; ethanol; IP; Mice; 2004; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum drug levels; dose-response (fig. 4); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg. 731) Dbh -/- mice did not tolerate mp surgery well and showed signs of general malaise. All other mice strains showed no stress.; post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (female, male, 3-7 month old; C57BL/6J NET -/- or wt; 257BL/6J 129SvEv Dbh -/-, +/-) 50% ethanol; mp primed 2 days in 37 celsius saline; "we achieved serum levels that fell within or very close to human therapeutic range for each drug with the exception of sertraline." (pg. 732).
P7543 Cryan,J.F., Page,M.E., Lucki,I. Differential behavioral effects of the antidepressants reboxetine, fluoxetine, and moclobemide in a modified forced swim test following chronic treatment. Psychopharmacology 2005; 182(-3-):335-344. >>> Reboxetine hydrobromide; fluoxetine hydrobromide; moclobemide; Ethanol; saline; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 2ML2; 3, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or saline; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; dose-response (fig. 1); post op. care (providone-iodine antiseptic ointment); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 350-500 g); 50% ethanol.
P6998 Tiraboschi,E., Tardito,D., Kasahara,J., Moraschi,S., Pruneri,P., Gennarelli,M., Racagni,G., Popoli,M. Selective phosphorylation of nuclear CREB by fluoxetine is linked to activation of CaM kinase IV and MAP kinase cascades. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29(-10-):1831-1840. >>> Fluoxetine; desipramine; reboxetine; Ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of acute IP injections vs. mp; 5% ethanol.
P6933 Tiraboschi,E., Giambelli,R., D'Urso,G., Galietta,A., Barbon,A., de Bartolomeis,A., Gennarelli,M., Barlati,S., Racagni,G., Popoli,M. Antidepressants activate CaMKII in neuron cell body by Thr286 phosphorylation. NeuroReport 2004; 15(-15-):2393-2396. >>> Desipramine; reboxetine; Ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP injections vs. SC mp; 5% ethanol used; antidepressants.
P6901 Bonanno,G., Giambelli,R., Raiteri,L., Tiraboschi,E., Zappettini,S., Musazzi,L., Raiteri,M., Racagni,G., Popoli,M. Chronic antidepressants reduce depolarization-evoked glutamate release and protein interactions favoring formation of SNARE complex in hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25(-13-):3270-3279. >>> Fluoxetine; reboxetine; desipramine; Ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Comparison of IP injections vs. SC mp; 5% ethanol used.
P6795 Russo-Neustadt,A.A., Alejandre,H., Garcia,C., Ivy,A.S., Chen,M.J. Hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression following treatment with reboxetine, citalopram, and physical exercise. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29(-12-):2189-2199. >>> Citalopram; reboxetine; SC; Rat; 2,7,14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; "Reboxetine was infused via osmotic minipump in this experiment because sores developed on injection sites when reboxetine was administered IP (injection) for more than 7 consecutive days." (p. 2190)..
P6062 Gould,G.G., Pardon,M.C., Morilak,D.A., Frazer,A. Regulatory effects of reboxetine treatment alone, or following paroxetine treatment, on brain noradrenergic and serotonergic systems. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003; 28(-9-):1633-1641. >>> Paroxetine; reboxetine; Saline; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 3,6 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; RBX and PRX plasma levels taken; pumps replaced every 3 weeks; solution was filter sterilized; PRX was dissolved in 50% ETOH and RBX in saline; multiple doses used.
P5193 Stout,S.C., Owens,M.J., Nemeroff,C.B. Regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor neuronal systems and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity by stress and chronic antidepressant treatment. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2002; 300(-3-):1085-1092. >>> Reboxetine methanesulfonate; fluoxetine HCl; Venlafaxine HCl; Tranylcypromine HCl; Saline; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 26 or 27 days; antidepressant; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality verified by drug serum levels; 2ML2 pumps replaced after 2 weeks; 2ML4 pumps used for all antidepressants except fluoxetine, which required serial 2ML2 implantation due to solubility problems; venlafaxine given for 27 days; all other drugs infused for 26 days; fluoxetine vehicle was 12% DMSO.
P5182 Page,M.E., Lucki,I. Effects of acute and chronic reboxetine treatment on stress-induced mo noamine efflux in the rat frontal cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002; 27(-2-):237-247. >>> Reboxetine; Water, deionized; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of ip injections vs. mp; reboxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; antidepressant.
P4826 Szabo,S.T., Blier,P. Effect of the selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor reboxetine on the firing activity of noradrenaline and serotonin neurons. European Journal of Neuroscience 2001; 13(--):2077-2087. >>> Reboxetine;; Saline;; SC;; rat;; 2, 7, or 21 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p. 2079); comparison of injections vs. mp; Reboxetine is a non-tricyclic antidepressant;.
P4699 Invernizzi,R.W, Parini,S, Sacchetti,G, Fracasso,C, Caccia,S., Annoni,K, Samanin,R. Chronic treatment with reboxetine by osmotic pumps facilitates its effect on extracellular noradrenaline and may desensitize alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the prefrontal cortex.. British Journal of Pharmacology 2001; 132(--):183-188. >>> Reboxetine;; Saline;; SC;; rat;; 2ML2;; 14 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; reboxetine is a noradrenaline (norepinephrine in U.S.A.) uptake inhibitor; antidepressants; prefrontal cortex; dose-response (table on p.186).
24. Ritanserin
P3916 El,Mansari M., Blier,P. In vivo electrophysiological characterization of 5-HT receptors in the guinea pig head of caudate nucleus and orbitofrontal cortex. Neuropharmacology 1997; 36(-4/5-):577-588. >>> Metergoline; Ritanserin; SC; guinea-pig; 4 day; antidepressant; controls received mp w/ NaCl; comparison of IV injections vs. mp.
25. Sertraline
P9879 Zhao,Z., Zhang,H.T., Bootzin,E., Millan,M.J., O'Donnell,J.M. Association of Changes in Norepinephrine and Serotonin Transporter Expression with the Long-Term Behavioral Effects of Antidepressant Drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009; 34(-6-):1467-1481. >>> Protriptyline; reboxetine; sertraline; venlafaxine; DMSO; saline; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 14, 42 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study; pumps replaced after 21 days; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 300-350 g.); 50% DMSO used; 10% ethanol used.
P8973 Rossi,D.V., Valdez,M., Gould,G.G., Hensler,J.G. Chronic administration of venlafaxine fails to attenuate 5-HT1A receptor function at the level of receptor-G protein interaction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 9(-4-):393-406. >>> Amitriptyline HCl; sertraline HCl; venlafaxine HCl; Water, sterile; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by serum drug concentrations; dose- response (fig. 1); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200-275 g.); 40% ethanol used; behavioral testing (hypothermic response).
P8759 Sanders,N.M., Wilkinson,C.W., Taborsky,GJ Jr, Al-Noori,S., Daumen,W., Zavosh,A., Figlewicz,D.P. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline enhances counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2008; 294(-5-):E853-E860. >>> Sertraline; Ethanol; water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2001; 2ML4; 6, 20 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 370-460g); 50% EtOH used; endocrinology.
P7901 Ahern,T.H., Javors,M.A., Eagles,D.A., Martillotti,J., Mitchell,H.A., Liles,L.C., Weinshenker,D. The effects of chronic norepinephrine transporter inactivation on seizure susceptibility in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 31(-4-):730-738. >>> Reboxetine; sertraline; desipramine; bupropion; imipramine; venlafaxine; Saline; ethanol; IP; Mice; 2004; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum drug levels; dose-response (fig. 4); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg. 731) Dbh -/- mice did not tolerate mp surgery well and showed signs of general malaise. All other mice strains showed no stress.; post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (female, male, 3-7 month old; C57BL/6J NET -/- or wt; 257BL/6J 129SvEv Dbh -/-, +/-) 50% ethanol; mp primed 2 days in 37 celsius saline; "we achieved serum levels that fell within or very close to human therapeutic range for each drug with the exception of sertraline." (pg. 732).
P7726 Gould,G.G., Altamirano,A.V., Javors,M.A., Frazer,A. A comparison of the chronic treatment effects of venlafaxine and other antidepressants on serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 59(-5-):408-414. >>> Venlafaxine; sertraline; amitriptyline; paroxetine; desipramine; citalopram; Saline; water, deionized; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum drug concentrations; dose-response (fig1); anmial info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 150-200g); 50% EtoH in H2O.
P7514 West,C.H.K., Weiss,J.M. A selective test for antidepressant treatments using rats bred for stress-induced reduction of motor activity in the swim test. Psychopharmacology 2005; 182(-1-):9-23. >>> Amitriptyline HCl; venlafaxine HCl; clordiazepoxide HCl; imipramine HCl; phenelzine sulfate; scopolamine HBr; desipramine HCl; bupropion HCl; chlorpheniramine maleate; fluoxetine HCl; sertraline; amphetamine sulfate, D-; Water, sterile distilled; PEG; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 6,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by agent blood levels; dose-response (fig. 5); animal info (male, female, susceptible, selectively bred); some animals had saline-filled catheter attached to mp to delay drug infusion by 5 days; "The most notable advantage of minipump delivery is that it eliminates stress resulting from daily injection of drug....minipumps also provide constant infusion of drug" (pg. 22).
P5318 Benmansour,S., Owens,W.A., Cecchi,M., Morilak,D.A., Frazer,A. Serotonin clearance in vivo is altered to a greater extent by antidepressant-induced downregulation of the serotonin transporter than by acute blockade of this transporter. Journal of Neuroscience 2002; 22(-15-):6766-6772. >>> Desipramine, HCl; Imipramine; Phenelzine sulfate; Fluoxetine, HCl; Sertraline, HCl;; Saline; PEG;; SC;; rat;; 2ML2; 2ML4;; 4, 10, 15, or 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antidepressant; functionality of mp verified by antidepressant blood levels vs. IP injection; dose-response (table, text p. 123-124); no stress (see p. 119 "consequences of daily handling and injection were therefore avoided in the present study"); desipramine, imipramine, and phenelzine were delivered in saline vehicle; fluoxetine and sertraline were delivered in 75% PEG and 25% saline; the agents are all clinical antidepressants;.
26. Sulpiride
P2115 Zhou,L.-W., Zhang,S.-P., Welsh,S., Connell,T.A., Weiss,B. Triazolam blocks the initial rotational effects of quinpirole but permits the later developing reduction of dopamine D2-mediated rotational behavior and dopamine D2 receptors. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1992; 218(--):219-227. >>> Quinpirole HCl; Sulpiride; Triazolam; Ascorbic acid; DMSO; SC; mice; 2001; 6 days; Quinpirole is a dopamine agonist; antidepressant; stability verified in vitro for 7 days.
P1444 Ueda,H. Time course study of changes in the activity of rats during intraventricular infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine, haloperidol and sulpiride: a study of the relationship between an origin of the negative symptoms in schizophrenia and catecholamines. J.Iwate Med.Assoc. 1988; 40(-3-):385-398. >>> Dopamine, 6-hydroxy-; Haloperidol; Sulpiride; CSF/CNS; rat; 8 days; Japanese, English abstract.
P0630 Costall,B., Domeney,A.M., Naylor,R.J. The continuity of dopamine receptor antagonism can dictate the long-term behavioural consequences of a mesolimibic infusion of dopamine. Neuropharmacology 1985; 2(-3-):193-197. >>> Dopamine HCl; Sulpiride; Nitrogen; Sodium metabisulfite; CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); IP; rat; 13 days; mp model not stated; comparison of SULP ip injec vs. mp infusion; 2 mp/rat - bilateral infusion; mp primed overnight; vehicles listed used w/DOP; concomitant SULP admin. ip.
27. Tandospirone
P2873 Wieland,S., Fischette,C.T., Lucki,I. Effect of chronic treatments with tandospirone and imipramine on serotonin-mediated behavioral responses and monoamine receptors. Neuropharmacology 1993; 32(-6-):561-573. >>> Tandospirone; Imipramine; 1-PP; Water, deionized; SC; rat; 2ML2; 14 days, 24 hours; antidepressant; controls received mp with saline; comparison of sc injections vs. mp; 1-PP is a tandospirone metabolite; tandospirone is an azapirone; multiple pumps per animal (2).
P2279 Godbout,R.,, Chaput,Y., Blier,P., de Montigny,C. Tandospirone and its metabolite, 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)-piperazine-I. effects of acute and long-term administration of tandospirone on serotonin neurotransmission. Neuropharmacology 1991; 30(-7-):679-690. >>> Tandospirone; Saline; SC; rat; 2ML2; 14 days; controls received mp w/saline; tandospirone is SM-3997, a 5-HT1A receptor ligand.
28. Tianeptine
P3325 Pineyro,G., Deveault,L., Blier,P., Dennis,T., de Montigny,C. Effect of acute and prolonged tianeptine administration on the 5-HT transporter: electrophysiological, biochemical and radioligand binding studies in the rat brain. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch.Pharmacol. 1995; 351(--):111-118. >>> Tianeptine; SC; rat; 14 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/saline; comparison of IV injections vs. mp; half-life of tianeptine is 2.5 hrs, (p.117).
P2785 Pineyro,G., Deveault,L., de Montigny,C., Blier,P. Effect of prolonged administration of tianeptine on 5-HT neurotransmission: an electrophysiological study in the rat hippocampus and dorsal raphe. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch.Pharmacol. 1995; 351(--):119-125. >>> Tianeptine; SC; rat; 14 days; controls received mp w/ saline; tianeptine is a tricyclic antidepressant.
29. Tranylcypromine
Q0143 Argueelles,S., Herrera,A.J., Carreno-Mueller,E., de Pablos,R.M., Villaran,R.F., Espinosa-Oliva,A.M., Machado,A., Cano,J. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons induced by thrombin injection in the substantia nigra of the rat is enhanced by dexamethasone: Role of monoamine oxidase enzyme. Neurotoxicology 2010; 31(-1-):55-66. >>> Tranylcypromine; Saline; SC; Rat; 2002; 12 days; Animal info (female, albino, Wistar, 200-250 g.).
30. Trazodone
P1695 Kubota,H., Asakura,M., Tsukamoto,T., Imafuku,J., Nishizaki,J., Sato,A., Nakanishi,J., Ogawa,Y., Hasegawa,K. Mechanisms of the B-adrenoceptor down-regulation by the treatment with antidepressants in the rat cerebral cortex: effects of continuous administration of antidepressants by an osmotic pump. Jpn.J.Psychiatry Neurol. 1990; 44(-1-):135-136. >>> Tunicamycin; Cycloheximide; Desipramine; Fluoxetine; Mianserin; Trazodone; CSF/CNS; SC; rat; 2001; 2ML1; 4-7 days; comparison of sc injections vs. mp; cyclo. and tunica. delivered icv for 5 days.
P0694 Lloyd,K.G., Thuret,F., Pilc,A. Upregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B binding sites in rat frontal cortex: a common action of repeated administration of different classes of antidepressants and electroshock. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1985; 235(-1-):191-199. >>> Maprotiline; Nomifensine; Amitriptyline; Citalopram; Desipramine; Pargyline; Trazodone; Viloxazine; Zimeldine; SC; rat; 2002; 6-18 days; comparison of agents effects; comparison of single dose ip injec vs. mp infusion and repeated ip injec of other psychotropic drugs vs. electroshock treatment; antihypertensive.
31. Tryptophan, I-
P2512 Lee,E.H.Y. Effects of tryptophan administration on tetrahydrobiopterin level in rat caudate nucleus. Neurochem.Int. 1991; 19(-3-):363-366. >>> Tryptophan, I-; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; 24 hours; antidepressant; controls received sc injections of saline; comparison of sc injections vs. mp; stress/adverse reaction: pg. 364; connective tissue grew over mp opening.
P1254 Peters,R.I., Buhr,B.R. Tryptophan and serotonin metabolism after sustained tryptophan infusion. Neurochem.Int. 1984; 6(-5-):685-691. >>> Tryptophan, I-; Ammonium hydroxide; SC; mice; 2001; 24, 96 hours; controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (graph); NH4OH was used as vehicle for TRP due to the limited solubility of TRP in water and saline; no stress.
32. Tryptophan, L-5-hydroxy-
P2495 Fregly,M.J., Lockley,O.E., Sumners,C. Chronic treatment with L-5-hydroxytryptophan prevents the development of DOCA-salt-induced hypertension in rats. J.Hypertens. 1987; 5(--):621-628. >>> Tryptophan, L-5-hydroxy; SC; rat; 2001; no duration posted; stability verified by HPLC after 6.5 days in pumps.
P1882 Baron,A., Riesselmann,A., Fregly,M.J. Reduction in the elevated blood pressure of Dahl salt-sensitive rats treated chronically with L-5-hydroxytryptophan. Pharmacology 1991; 42(--):15-22. >>> Tryptophan, L-5-hydroxy; SC; rat; 2001; no duration posted; pumps replaced four times during study; incorrectly states model 2001 pumps at 2ul/hr, early study showed compound stability for 1 week.
33. Venlafaxine
P9879 Zhao,Z., Zhang,H.T., Bootzin,E., Millan,M.J., O'Donnell,J.M. Association of Changes in Norepinephrine and Serotonin Transporter Expression with the Long-Term Behavioral Effects of Antidepressant Drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009; 34(-6-):1467-1481. >>> Protriptyline; reboxetine; sertraline; venlafaxine; DMSO; saline; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 14, 42 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study; pumps replaced after 21 days; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 300-350 g.); 50% DMSO used; 10% ethanol used.
P9571 Vollmar,P., Nessler,S., Kalluri,S.R., Hartung,H.P., Hemmer,B. The antidepressant venlafaxine ameliorates murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 12(-4-):525-536. >>> Venlafaxine; PBS; SC; Mice; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; animal info (female, SJL/J, 6-12 wks).
P9307 Mostany,R., Valdizan,E.M., Pazos,A. A role for nuclear beta-catenin in SNRI antidepressant-induced hippocampal cell proliferation. Neuropharmacology 2008; 55(-1-):18-26. >>> Venlafaxine HCl; Saline; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); animal info (male, Albino Wistar, 175-200 g.).
P8973 Rossi,D.V., Valdez,M., Gould,G.G., Hensler,J.G. Chronic administration of venlafaxine fails to attenuate 5-HT1A receptor function at the level of receptor-G protein interaction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 9(-4-):393-406. >>> Amitriptyline HCl; sertraline HCl; venlafaxine HCl; Water, sterile; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by serum drug concentrations; dose- response (fig. 1); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200-275 g.); 40% ethanol used; behavioral testing (hypothermic response).
P8069 Mitchell,H.A., Ahern,T.H., Liles,L.C., Javors,M.A., Weinshenker,D. The effects of norepinephrine transporter inactivation on locomotor activity in mice. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 60(-10-):1046-1052. >>> Reboxetine; bupropion; imipramine; desipramine; venlafaxine; Saline; ethanol; IP; Mice; 2004; 18-20 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; no stress (see p.1049); post op. care (Buprenorphine); animal info (male, female, C57BL6/J, 3-7 months old); 50% ETOH vehicle for desipramine; mp primed 1 day in 37 celsius saline.
P7901 Ahern,T.H., Javors,M.A., Eagles,D.A., Martillotti,J., Mitchell,H.A., Liles,L.C., Weinshenker,D. The effects of chronic norepinephrine transporter inactivation on seizure susceptibility in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 31(-4-):730-738. >>> Reboxetine; sertraline; desipramine; bupropion; imipramine; venlafaxine; Saline; ethanol; IP; Mice; 2004; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum drug levels; dose-response (fig. 4); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg. 731) Dbh -/- mice did not tolerate mp surgery well and showed signs of general malaise. All other mice strains showed no stress.; post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (female, male, 3-7 month old; C57BL/6J NET -/- or wt; 257BL/6J 129SvEv Dbh -/-, +/-) 50% ethanol; mp primed 2 days in 37 celsius saline; "we achieved serum levels that fell within or very close to human therapeutic range for each drug with the exception of sertraline." (pg. 732).
P7726 Gould,G.G., Altamirano,A.V., Javors,M.A., Frazer,A. A comparison of the chronic treatment effects of venlafaxine and other antidepressants on serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 59(-5-):408-414. >>> Venlafaxine; sertraline; amitriptyline; paroxetine; desipramine; citalopram; Saline; water, deionized; ethanol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum drug concentrations; dose-response (fig1); anmial info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 150-200g); 50% EtoH in H2O.
P7514 West,C.H.K., Weiss,J.M. A selective test for antidepressant treatments using rats bred for stress-induced reduction of motor activity in the swim test. Psychopharmacology 2005; 182(-1-):9-23. >>> Amitriptyline HCl; venlafaxine HCl; clordiazepoxide HCl; imipramine HCl; phenelzine sulfate; scopolamine HBr; desipramine HCl; bupropion HCl; chlorpheniramine maleate; fluoxetine HCl; sertraline; amphetamine sulfate, D-; Water, sterile distilled; PEG; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 6,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by agent blood levels; dose-response (fig. 5); animal info (male, female, susceptible, selectively bred); some animals had saline-filled catheter attached to mp to delay drug infusion by 5 days; "The most notable advantage of minipump delivery is that it eliminates stress resulting from daily injection of drug....minipumps also provide constant infusion of drug" (pg. 22).
P5490 Dremencov,E., Gur,E., Lerer,B., Newman,M.E. Effects of chronic antidepressants and electroconvulsive shock on serotonergic neurotransmission in the rat hypothalamus. PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY&BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 2002; 26(-6-):1029-1034. >>> Clomipramine; venlafaxine; Mice; 28 days; Antidepressants.
P5421 Wikell,C., Apelqvist,G., Hjorth,S., Kullingsjo,J., Bergqvist,P.B.F., Bengtsson,F. Effects on drug disposition, brain monoamines and behavior after chronic treatment with the antidepressant venlafaxine in rats with experimental hepatic encephalopathy. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2002; 12(-4-):327-336. >>> Venlafaxine; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by venlafaxine plasma levels (table 1; P. 331); antidepressant.
P5193 Stout,S.C., Owens,M.J., Nemeroff,C.B. Regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor neuronal systems and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity by stress and chronic antidepressant treatment. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2002; 300(-3-):1085-1092. >>> Reboxetine methanesulfonate; fluoxetine HCl; Venlafaxine HCl; Tranylcypromine HCl; Saline; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 26 or 27 days; antidepressant; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality verified by drug serum levels; 2ML2 pumps replaced after 2 weeks; 2ML4 pumps used for all antidepressants except fluoxetine, which required serial 2ML2 implantation due to solubility problems; venlafaxine given for 27 days; all other drugs infused for 26 days; fluoxetine vehicle was 12% DMSO.
P4866 Wikell,C., Hjorth,S., Apelqvist,G., Kullingsjo,J., Lundmark,J., Bergqvist,P.B.F., Bengtsson,F. Sustained administration of the antidepressant venlafaxine in rats: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic findings. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2001; 363(--):448-455. >>> Venlafaxine; Saline; SC; rat; 2ML4; 15 days; antidepressant; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum, brain tissue, brain dialysate venlafaxine levels; dose response (graph p. 451); venlafaxine is an antidepressant that inhibits serotonin re-uptake..
P4719 Beique,J.-C, de Montigny,C., Blier,P., Debonnel,G. Effects of sustained administration of the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine: I. In vivo electrophysiological studies in the rat.. Neuropharmacology 2000; 39(--):1800-1812. >>> Venlafaxine;; Saline;; SC;; rat;; 2 or 21 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; Venlafaxine is an antidepressant; short and long-term infusion..
34. Viloxazine
P0694 Lloyd,K.G., Thuret,F., Pilc,A. Upregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B binding sites in rat frontal cortex: a common action of repeated administration of different classes of antidepressants and electroshock. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1985; 235(-1-):191-199. >>> Maprotiline; Nomifensine; Amitriptyline; Citalopram; Desipramine; Pargyline; Trazodone; Viloxazine; Zimeldine; SC; rat; 2002; 6-18 days; comparison of agents effects; comparison of single dose ip injec vs. mp infusion and repeated ip injec of other psychotropic drugs vs. electroshock treatment; antihypertensive.
P0552 Pilc,A., Lloyd,K.G. Chronic antidepressants and GABA 'B' receptors: a GABA hypothesis of antidepressant drug action. Life Sci. 1984; 35(-21-):2149-2154. >>> Amitriptyline; Citalopram; Desipramine; Pargyline; Viloxazine; Saline; SC; rat; 2002; 18 days; comparison of acute ip injec vs. mp infusion; comparison of agents effects; antihypertensive.
35. Zimeldine
P0694 Lloyd,K.G., Thuret,F., Pilc,A. Upregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B binding sites in rat frontal cortex: a common action of repeated administration of different classes of antidepressants and electroshock. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1985; 235(-1-):191-199. >>> Maprotiline; Nomifensine; Amitriptyline; Citalopram; Desipramine; Pargyline; Trazodone; Viloxazine; Zimeldine; SC; rat; 2002; 6-18 days; comparison of agents effects; comparison of single dose ip injec vs. mp infusion and repeated ip injec of other psychotropic drugs vs. electroshock treatment; antihypertensive.
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Researchers are saying ...
“We administered nicotine to achieve a steady-state concentration, using subcutaneously implanted minipumps, a technique that avoids the episodic hypoxic-ischemic episodes that accompany nicotine injections, and that also sidesteps the inherent problems of repeated handling stress and episodic withdrawal between injections” Slotkin et al., Neurotoxicology and Teratology 2002; 24:369-384.