References on the Administration of Epinephrine Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

Q0775 Khasar,S.G., Dina,O.A., Green,P.G., Levine,J.D. Sound Stress-Induced Long-Term Enhancement of Mechanical Hyperalgesia in Rats Is Maintained by Sympathoadrenal Catecholamines. JOURNAL OF PAIN 2009; 10(-10-):1073-1077. >>> Epinephrine; SC; Rat; 2004; 14 days; Animal info (adrenal medullecomty, adult, male, Sprague Dawley, 300-400 g); functionality of mp verified by plasma drug levels.

P9158 Dina,O.A., Khasar,S.G., essandri-Haber,N., Bogen,O., Chen,X.J., Green,P.G., Reichling,D.B., Messing,R.O., Levine,J.D. Neurotoxic catecholamine metabolite in nociceptors contributes to painful peripheral neuropathy. European Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 28(-6-):1180-1190. >>> Epinephrine; Saline; ascorbic acid; Rat; ; Animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 270-450 g.).

P8857 von Montfort,C., Beier,J.I., Guo,L.P., Kaiser,J.P., Arteel,G.E. Contribution of the sympathetic hormone epinephrine to the sensitizing effect of ethanol on LPS-induced liver damage in mice. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2008; 294(-5-):G1227-G1234. >>> Epinephrine; Saline; SC; Mice; 5 days; Half-life (p. G1227) "very short"; animal info (male, C57BL/6, 4-6 wks old); "Owing to the very short half-life of epinephrine, the hormone was infused instead of injected to maintain a low-grade elevated plasma level over a prolonged period which better mimcs the effect of ethanol." pg. G1227.

P8832 Dina,O.A., Khasar,S.G., essandri-Haber,N., Green,P.G., Messing,R.O., Levine,J.D. Alcohol-induced stress in painful alcoholic neuropathy. European Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 27(-1-):83-92. >>> Epinephrine; Saline; ascorbic acid; SC; Rat; 2004; 3 weeks; Replacement therapy (adrenal medullectomy); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250-450g.).

P7594 Khasar,S.G., Green,P.G., Levine,J.D. Repeated sound stress enhances inflammatory pain in the rat. Pain 2005; 116(-1-2-):79-86. >>> Epinephrine bitartrate; Saline; ascorbic acid; SC; Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received no treatment; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley 250-380 g); pain.

P7253 Khasar,S.G., Dina,O.A., Green,P.G., Levine,J.D. Estrogen regulates adrenal medullary function producing sexual dimorphism in nociceptive threshold and beta2-adrenergic receptor-mediated hyperalgesia in the rat. European Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 21(-12-):3379-3386. >>> Epinephrine; Saline; ascorbic acid; SC; Rat; 1007D; 2002; 7, 14 days; Functionality of mp verified by plasma epinephrine levels; replacement therapy (adrenal medullectomy, adrenal gland denervation); dose-response (Fig 3).

P5984 Kitano,Y., von Allmen,D., Kanai,M., Adzick,N.S., Flake,A.W. Epinephrine inhibits tracheal occlusion induced lung growth in fetal sheep. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 2003; 18(-5-):333-337. >>> Epinephrine; Saline; ascorbic acid; SC; Sheep (fetus); 2ML1; 4 days; Teratology.

P5744 Born,G.V.R., Medina,R., Shafi,S., Cardona-Sanclemente,L.E. Factors influencing the uptake of atherogenic plasma proteins by artery walls. Biorheology 2003; 40(-1-3-):13-22. >>> Epinephrine; Angiotensin II; SC; Rat; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; plasma levels reported; cardiovascular; pump rate 0.5 ul hr (p.15).

P5711 Khasar,S.G., Green,P.G., Miao,F.J.P., Levine,J.D. Vagal modulation of nociception is mediated by adrenomedullary epinephrine in the rat. European Journal of Neuroscience 2003; 17(-4-):909-915. >>> ICI 118,551; epinephrine; Saline; ascorbic acid; ethanol; SC; Rat; 1007D; 2004; 3, 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p. 911); ICI-118, 55 dissolved in ethanol and saline and infused for 7 days via 1007D pumps; epinephrine dissolved in saline and ascorbic acid and delivered for 3, 7, or 14 days via 2004 pumps..

P4994 Juhn,S.K., Li,W.M., Kim,J.Y., Javel,E., Levine,S., Odland,R.M. Effect of stress-related hormones on inner ear fluid homeostasis and function. American Journal of Otology 1999; 20(--):800-806. >>> Epinephrine; Saline; SC; Chinchilla; 1,2,3, or 4 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle;.

P3714 Sainio,E.-L. The role of adrenal hormones in the activation of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase by nicotinic acid in rat liver. Meth.Find Exp.Clin.Pharmacol. 1997; 19(-7-):465-470. >>> Epinephrine; Corticosterone; Ethanol; NaCl; SC; rat; 2ML1; 6 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy).

P3704 Brandao,F., Paiva,M.Q., Albino-Teixeira,A., Serrao,P., Guimaraes,S. Homogeneous or heterogeneous distribution of systemically administered adrenaline: organ dependence. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch.Pharmacol. 1996; 353(--):579-583. >>> Epinephrine; Water, distilled; IP; rat; 6 days; comparison of short-term iv infusion vs. mp.

P3530 Cardona-Sanclemente,L.E., Born,G.V.R. Increase by adrenaline or angiotensin II of the accumulation of low density lipoprotein and fibrinogen by aortic walls in unrestrained conscious rats. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1996; 117(--):1089-1094. >>> Epinephrine; Angiotensin II; Ascorbic acid; SC; IA (carotid); rat; 2ML4; 1007D; 6 days; controls received saline infusion; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; stability verified by analyzing residual solution.

P3221 Jablonskis,L.T., Howe,P.R.C. Lack of influence of circulating adrenaline on blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Blood Pressure 1994; 3(--):112-119. >>> Epinephrine bitartrate; Saline; Ascorbic acid; SC; rat; 2002; 5-6 weeks; long-term study, pumps replaced every 2 weeks; mp implanted in flank region.

P2640 Birnbaum,S.C., Kien,N., Martucci,R.W., Gelzleichter,T.R., Witschi,H., Hendrickx,A.G., Last,J.A. Nicotine- or epinephrine-induced uteroplacental vasoconstriction and fetal growth in the rat. Toxicology 1994; 94(--):69-80. >>> Nicotine free base; Epinephrine acid tartrate; Saline; Ascorbic acid; Water, distilled; SC; rat (pregnant); 2ML1; no duration posted; controls received mp w/ saline; toxicology; teratology.

P2425 Sadeghi,H.M., Eikenburg,D.C. Chronic epinephrine treatment fails to alter prejunctional adrenoceptor modulation of sympathetic neurotransmission in the rat mesentery. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1992; 261(-3-):924-930. >>> Epinephrine; Saline; Ascorbic acid; SC; rat; 6 days; no comment posted.

P2391 Deisher,T.A., Narita,H., Zera,P., Ginsburg,R., Bristow,M.R., Billingham,M.E., Fowler,M.B., Hoffman,B.B. Protective effect of clentiazem against epinephrine-induced cardiac injury in rats. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1993; 266(-1-):262-269. >>> Epinephrine bitartrate; Clentiazem; Saline; Ethanol; DMSO; SC; rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; no comment posted.

P1979 Dehner,R., Ikeda,K., Yamori,Y., Grobecker,H. Adrenaline in cardiovascular diseases - effect of B-adrenoceptor antagonists. Z.Kardiol. 1990; 79(-3-):79-88. >>> Epinephrine; Ascorbic acid; rat; 2001; 7 days; English with German summary.

P1584 Terres,W., Becker,B.F., Schrodl,W., Gerlach,E. Effects of chronic treatment with adrenaline or propranolol on platelet function and c-AMP levels in the rat. Cardiovasc.Res. 1989; 23(--):112-116. >>> Epinephrine; Ascorbic acid; Saline; SC; rat; 2002; 8 weeks; long-term study, pump replaced every 14 days.

P1554 Deighton,N.M., Hamilton,C.A., Jones,C.R., Reid,J.L. The effects of chronic administration of adrenaline on the function and number of adrenoceptors in the rabbit. J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 1988; 12(--):332-337. >>> Epinephrine; Ascorbic acid; Water; IV (femoral); rabbit; 2002; 10 days; dose-response; pump embedded in thigh muscle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels.

P1486 Trend,S.G., Bruce,N.W. Resistance of the rat embryo to elevated maternal epinephrine concentrations. Am.J Obstet.Gynecol. 1989; 160(--):498-501. >>> Epinephrine; Ascorbic acid; Saline; Water; IV (jugular); rat; 2001; 7 days; dose-response; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; no stress.

P1412 Becker,B.F., Terres,W., Kratzer,M., Gerlach,E. Blood platelet function after chronic treatment of rats and guinea pigs with nicotine. Klin.Wochenschr. 1988; 66(-11-):28-36. >>> Nicotine base; Epinephrine bitartrate; Ascorbic acid; Saline; Water; SC; guinea-pig; rat; 2002; 2, 8 weeks; dose-response; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; long-term study; pump replaced every 2 weeks.

P1176 Schwartz,D.D., Eikenburg,D.C. Enhanced endogenous neurotransmitter overflow in the isolated perfused rat kidney after chronic epinephrine administration: lack of a prejunctional beta adrenoceptor influence. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1988; 244(-1-):11-18. >>> Epinephrine; Ascorbic acid; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 6 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; propranolol used to examine influence of beta adrenoceptors and phentolamine for alpha adrenoceptors.

P0861 Schwartz,D.D., Eikenburg,D.C. Cardiovascular responsiveness to sympathetic activation after chronic epinephrine administration. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1986; 238(-1-):148-154. >>> Epinephrine bitartrate; Ascorbic acid; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 6 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; hypertension.

P0713 Upsher,M.E., Khairallah,P.A. Beta-adrenergic receptors in rat myocardium during the development and reversal of hypertrophy and following chronic infusions of angiotensin 11 and epinephrine. Arch.Int.Pharmacodyn. 1985; 274(--):65-79. >>> Angiotensin II; Epinephrine; Water; SC; rat; 2001; 6 and 12 days; mp primed in distilled water 24 hours prior to implant; peptides.

P0651 Tsujimoto,G., Hoffman,B.B. Desensitization of B-adrenergic receptor-mediated vascular smooth muscle relaxation. Mol.Pharmacol. 1985; 27(-2-):210-217. >>> Epinephrine HCl, l-; HCl; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 1 week; states in error that mp will deliver up to 10 days; mp primed 3 hr prior to implant; bioavailability of EPI determined by plasma level increase.

P0607 Jeffries,W.B., Orzechowski,R.F. Withdrawal syndrome follows abrupt cessation of intracerebroventricular infusion of epinephrine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci. 1985; 36(-14-):1331-1337. >>> Epinephrine bitartrate; Ascorbic acid; Saline; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 5 days; 2 day delay of mp Epi achieved by filling connecting tubing with vehicle; some tubing externalized to allow immediate cutoff of infusion; dose-response data.

P0600 Kumano,K., Khairallah,P.A. Adenylate cyclase activity in rat myocardium following chronic infusions of angiotensin II and epinephrine. J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 1984; 6(-5-):756-761. >>> Angiotensin II; Epinephrine, l-; Ascorbic acid; HCl; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 2002; 6 or 13 days, or 4 weeks; comparison of agents effects; 2002 mp replaced after 2 weeks; saline used as vehicle w/ AngII, HCl&ascorbic acid w/Epi; controls received vehicle; mp primed in saline before use; peptides.

P0335 Sugden,D., Klein,D.C. B-Adrenergic receptor control of rat pineal hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase. Endocrinology 1983; 113(-1-):348-353. >>> Isoproterenol, d-; Methoxamine; Phenylephrine, l-; ST-587; Clonidine; Epinephrine, l-; Isoproterenol, dl-; Isoproterenol, l-; Prazosin; Propranolol, dl-; Terbutaline; Ascorbic acid; DMSO; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 2ML1; 1 week; comparison of agents effects; saline vehicle used w/ agents 1-8, saline and ascorbic acid used w/ agents 9-11, DMSO and saline used w/ agent 12; ST-587 is an adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive.