References on the Administration of Agents to the Eye Using ALZET® Osmotic Pumps
P7940 Ambati,J., Gragoudas,E.S., Miller,J.W., You,T.T., Miyamoto,K., Delori,F.C., Adamis,A.P. Transscleral delivery of bioactive protein to the choroid and retina. Invest Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 2000/4; 41(-5-):1186-1191. >>> Immunoglobulin G, FITC-, rabbit; antibody, monoclonal mouse anti-ICAM-1; immunoglobulin, mouse IgG2a; Eye (superotemporal scleral surface, transscleral); Rabbit; 2001D; 2ML4; 3,5,13,20,28 days; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ control Ab; functionality of mp verified by fluorescence in occular tissues and plasma mAb levels; stability verified by efficacy experiments, FITC linkage timing; half-life (p. 1188), 3 days; ALZET brain infusion kit used; animal info (dutch-belted, pigmented); "We have developed a minimally invasive transscleral drug delivery modality that can deliver therapeutic concentrations of bioactive proteins to the choroid and retina without significant systemic absorption or tissue damage." (P. 1186-87).
P7650 Okabe,K., Kimura,H., Okabe,J., Kato,A., Shimizu,H., Ueda,T., Shimada,S., Ogura,Y., Ogura,Y. Effect of benzalkonium chloride on transscleral drug delivery. INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY&VISUAL SCIENCE 2005; 46(--):703-708. >>> Betamethasone, phosphate 21-; benzalkonium chloride; Eye (intrasclera); Rabbit; 1002; 1 week; Animal info (albino, 2.0-2.5 kg); diagram of pump position and cannulation (p.704); silicone tube used to connect mp.
P6550 Chauhan,B.C., LeVatte,T.L., Jollimore,C.A., Yu,P.K., Reitsamer,H.A., Kelly,M.E.M., Yu,D.Y., Tremblay,F., Archibald,M.L. Model of endothelin-1 - Induced chronic optic neuropathy in rat. INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY&VISUAL SCIENCE 2004; 45(-1-):144-152. >>> Endothelin-1; Balanced salt solution; Eye (retrobulbar optic nerve); Rat; 2004; 21,42,84 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle and fellow eye w/ no treatment; dose-response (fig.5); long-term study; pumps replaced every 28 days; peptides; post op. care (rentamicin, buprenex).
P6277 Leamey,C.A., Ho-Pao,C.L., Sur,M. Disruption of Retinogeniculate Pattern Formation by Inhibition of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase. The Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 21(-11-):3871-3880. >>> KT5823; Oxadiazolo quinoxzlin-1-one, 1H-[1,2,4], [4,3-a]; DMSO; saline; Eye; Ferret; 1-2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p.3875); enzyme inhibitor (guanylyl cyclase; protein Kinase G); DMSO at 50%; OD1; KT5832 added to vehicle control.
P4548 Sretavan,D.W, Shatz,C.J., Stryker,M.P. Modification of retinal ganglion cell axon morphology by prenatal infusion of tetrodotoxin.. Nature 1988; 336(-1-):468-471. >>> Tetrodotoxin;; Citrate buffer;; Eye;; cat (fetus);; 2002;; 16 days;; teratology;.
P4259 Clarke,D.B., Bray,G.M., Aguayo,A.J. Prolonged administration of NT-4/5 fails to rescue most axotomized retinal ganglion cells in adult rats. Vision Research 1998; 38(--):1517-1524. >>> NT-4/5; PBS; Eye (vitreous chamber); rat; 2002; 14,28 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; comparison of injections vs. mp; peptides.
P3483 Sawai,H., Clarke,D.B., Kittlerova,P., Bray,G.M., Aguayo,A.J. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-4/5 stimulate growth of axonal branches from regenerating retinal ganglion cells. J.Neurosci. 1996; 16(-12-):3887-3894. >>> NT-4/5; PBS; Eye (vitreous chamber); rat; 2002; 14 days; comparison of intraocular injections vs. mp.
P2852 Sakamoto,T., Soriano,D., Nassaralla,J., Murphy,T.L., Oganesian,A., Spec,C., Hinton,D.R., Ryan,S.J. Effect of intravitreal administration of indomethacin on experimental subretinal neovascularization in the subhuman primate. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995; 113(--):222-226. >>> Indomethacin; GBR buffer; Cyclodextrin, B-; Eye (vitreous); monkey; 2ML2; 14 days; control eyes received mp with vehicles; enzyme inhibitor; indomethacin is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor; detailed description of vitreal cannula implantation; empty pump implanted at time of cannula implantation to allow 1-month recovery period; beta-cyclodextrin used as a carrier molecule; some monkeys served both as control and drug treatment group (different treatment in each eye); a vitreous opacity appeared in some eyes during infusion but disappeared after the pump was disconnected.
P2491 Colasanti,B.K. A comparison of the ocular and central effects of delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabigerol. J.Ocular Pharmacol. 1990; 6(-4-):259-269. >>> Cannabinol, delta-9-tetrahydro-; Cannabigerol; PEG 400; Eye (cornea); cat; 9 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p.262); unilateral delivery.
P2490 Soubrane,G., Cohen,S.Y., Delayre,T., Tassin,J., Hartmann,M.-P., Coscas,G.J., Courtois,Y., Jeanny,J.-C. Basic fibroblast growth factor experimentally induced choroidal angiogenesis in the minipig. Curr.Eye Res. 1994; 13(--):183-195. >>> Fibroblast growth factor; PBS; Eye (suprachoroidal space); mini-pig; 2001; no duration posted; stability verified by biological activity assay (p 185-6) after 4 days; peptides; spatial distribution of exogenous FGF examined (p 188); basic FGF used.
P1978 Lerman,S., Megaw,J. Miniosmotic pumps for liposomal drug delivery. Liposome Technol. 1993; 1(--):429-438. >>> Liposomes; Eye (lens); rabbit; 2ML1; no duration posted; pulsed delivery described; detailed surgical methods.
P1722 Lerman,S. Test models to determine potential ocular drug induced side effects. Lens Eye Toxic.Res. 1989; 6(-1/2-):1-36. >>> 8-MOP; Chromophore; Sorbinil; Liposomes; Radio-isotopes; Eye (lens); rabbit; 2ML1; 7 days; tissue perfusion (ocular lens); liposome-encapsulated agents.
P1552 Linser,P.J., Plunkett,J.A. A role for carbonic anhydrase in early eye morphogenesis. Invest.Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 1989; 30(-4-):783-785. >>> Methazolamide; Tyrode's solution; Eye; in vitro (egg); Bird (chicken embryo); 2001; 3 days; comparison of topical dosing vs. mp infusion; tissue perfusion.
P1511 Colasanti,B.K. Intraocular pressure, ocular toxicity and neurotoxicity in response to 11-hydroxy-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 1-nantradol. J.Ocular Pharmacol. 1985; 1(-2-):123-135. >>> Cannabinol, tetrahydro-; Nantradol, 1-; PEG 400; Eye; cat; 2001; 9 days; topical application; tissue perfusion.
P1112 Megaw,J.M., Lerman,S. Application of miniosmotic pumps for liposomal drug delivery to the ocular lens. Invest.Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 1987; 28(--):1429-1433. >>> Methoxypsoralen, 8-; Radio-isotopes; Sorbinil; 3H tracer; Eye; rabbit; 2ML1; 7 days; mp connected to PE 60 tubing in eye; tissue perfusion.
P0691 Maurice,D.M., Singh,T. The absence of corneal toxicity with low-level topical anesthesia. Am.J.Ophthalmol. 1985; 93(-6-):691-696. >>> Proparacaine; Eye (corneal stroma); rabbit; 1701; no duration posted; tissue perfusion (central stroma of cornea); comparison of intermittent admin of eye drops vs. mp infusion - analagous to injection/ infusion comparison; mp primed overnight in saline.
P0665 Miki,K., Patterson,R., Ryan,S.J. An indwelling cannula system for the primate eye. J.Neurosci.Methods 1985; 13(-3/4-):267-279. >>> Leucine; Radio-isotopes; 3H tracer; Balanced salt solution; Eye (vitreous); monkey; 2001; 1 week; comparison of 3H-Leucine injec vs. mp infusion; stress/no stress p. 276; surgical methods; tissue perfusion.
P0652 Colasanti,B.K., Brown,R.E., Craig,C.R. Ocular hypotension, ocular toxicity, and neurotoxicity in response to marihuana extract and cannabidiol. Gen.Pharmacol. 1984; 15(-6-):479-484. >>> Cannabidiol; Marihuana extract; Cannabinol, delta-9-tetrahydro-; PEG; Eye (cornea); cat; 9 days; mp model not stated; comparison of acute topical admin/ injec vs. mp infusion; comparison of agents effects; agents admin. topically to cat corneas; tissue perfusion.
P0644 Miki,K., Patterson,R., Ryan,S.J. Intraocular cannula for continuous, chronic drug delivery: histopathologic observations and function. Arch.Ophthalmol. 1985; 103(-5-):712-717. >>> Fluorescein sodium; Leucine; Radio-isotopes; 3H tracer; Eye (vitreous); rabbit; 2001; 1 week; agents admin. in combination; tissue perfusion.
P0577 Colasanti,B.K., Craig,C.R., Allara,R.D. Intraocular pressure, ocular toxicity and neurotoxicity after administration of cannabinol or cannabigerol. Exp.Eye Res. 1984; 39(-3-):251-259. >>> Cannabigerol; Cannabinol; PEG 400; Eye; cat; 9 days; mp model not stated; comparison of agents effects; intermittent eye drop admin. vs. mp infusion; tissue perfusion.
P0561 Miki,K., Ohkuma,H., Ryan,S.J. A method for chronic drug infusion into the eye. Jpn.J.Ophthalmol. 1984; 28(-2-):140-146. >>> Fluorescein sodium; Saline; Eye; rabbit; 2001; 2002; no duration posted; detailed account of materials, surgical procedures&complications; stress/adverse reaction (infection at implantation site) see p. 144-145; tissue perfusion.
P0466 Colasanti,B.K., Powell,S.R., Craig,C.R. Intraocular pressure, ocular toxicity and neurotoxicity after administration of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol or cannabichromene. Exp.Eye Res. 1984; 38(--):63-71. >>> Cannabichromene; Cannabinol, delta-9-tetrahydro-; PEG 400; Eye (cornea); cat; 2001; 9 days; comparison of agents effects; pump implanted sc and connected via sc tubing to cornea; tissue perfusion.
P0044 Eliason,J.A., Maurice,D.M. An ocular perfusion system. Invest.Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 1980; 19(-1-):102-105. >>> Fluorescein sodium; Saline; Eye (cornea); rabbit; 12 days; tissue perfusion (cornea).
P0032 Michelson,J.B., Nozik,R.A. Experimental endophthalmitis treated with an implantable osmotic minipump. Arch.Ophthalmol. 1979; 97(-7-):1345-1346. >>> Gentamicin sulfate; Eye (vitreous); rabbit; 4.5 days; mp model not stated; comparison of intravitreal injection vs. infusion; antibiotic; tissue perfusion.
P0004 Falcon,M.G., Jones,B.R. Antivirals for the therapy of herpetic eye disease. Trans.Ophthal.Soc.UK 1977; 97(--):330-332. >>> Ara-AMP; Eye; Rabbit; 45 hours; Ara-AMP (Adenine arabinoside 5'monophospate) is an antiviral.
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Researchers are saying...
“We found recently that 21 d of treatment of rats with SSRIs, at clinically relevant and stable serum concentrations (achieved by the use of osmotic minipumps), caused robust downregulation of the SERT.”... “Studies on the effects of chronic antidepressants on the SERT have resulted in inconsistent reports (Owens and Nemeroff, 1998). Among the factors that may contribute to such inconsistency is the route of drug administration. In most studies of chronic administration of Ads to rats, the drugs are given intraperitoneally or subcutaneously, either once or twice daily. As rats metabolize these drugs more rapidly than humans, such dosage schedules can result in appreciable fluctuations in the serum concentration of drug throughout the day. For certain pharmacologic effects, sustained drug action may be needed” Benmansour et al. The Journal of Neuroscience 2002; 22(15):6766-6772.