References on the Administration of Antihypertensives Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

1. Atenolol

Q0090 Berthonneche,C., Peter,B., Schuepfer,F., Hayoz,P., Kutalik,Z., Abriel,H., Pedrazzini,T., Beckmann,J.S., Bergmann,S., Maurer,F. Cardiovascular Response to Beta-Adrenergic Blockade or Activation in 23 Inbred Mouse Strains. PLoS One 2009; 4(-8-):U233-U245. >>> Atenolol; isoproterenol; SC; Mice; 2002; ; Controls received mp w/ NaCl; animal info (males, inbred, 10-12 wks old).

P9155 Ablad,B., Bjuro,T., Bjorkman,J.A., Edstrom,T. Prevention of ventricular fibrillation requires central beta-adrenoceptor blockage in rabbits. SCANDINAVIAN CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL 2007; 41(--):221-229. >>> Atenolol; metoprolol tartrate; Saline; SC; Rabbit; 2ML4; 3 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels of metoprolol and atenolol; animal info (male, New Zealand, White, Rabbit, 2.8-3.7 kg.).

P6925 van Brakel,T.J., Hermans,J.J.R., Janssen,B.J., van Essen,H., Botterhuis,N., Smits,J.F.M., Maessen,J.G. Intrapericardial delivery enhances cardiac effects of sotalol and atenolol. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2004; 44(-1-):50-56. >>> Sotalol; atenolol; Saline; IV (jugular); intrapericardial; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; 2 day recovery period prior to attaching pumps to catheters.

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2. Benazepril

P9490 Abu-Taha,M., Rius,C., Hermenegildo,C., Noguera,I., Cerda-Nicolas,J.M., Issekutz,A.C., Jose,P.J., Cortijo,J., Morcillo,E.J., Sanz,M.J. Menopause and Ovariectomy Cause a Low Grade of Systemic Inflammation that May Be Prevented by Chronic Treatment with Low Doses of Estrogen or Losartan. Journal of Immunology 2009; 183(-2-):1393-1402. >>> Estradiol, 17b-; benazepril; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2004; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or sham operation; animal info (male, female, Sprague Dawley, OVX); 50% DMSO used; dose (5 ug/kg/d).

P6612 Mizukami,M., Hasegawa,H., Kohro,T., Toko,H., Kudoh,T., Zou,Y.Z., Aburatani,H., Komuro,I. Gene expression profile revealed different effects of angiotensin II receptor blockade and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on heart failure. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2003; 42(--):S1-S6. >>> Benazepril; candesartan; SC; Rat; 2ML4; ; Blood pressure taken.

P6345 Yagi,S., Morita,T., Katayama,S. Combined treatment with an AT1 receptor blocker and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor has an additive effect on inhibiting neointima formation via improvement of nitric oxide production and suppression of oxidative stress. HYPERTENSION RESEARCH 2004; 27(-2-):129-135. >>> Valsartan; benazepril; Potassium hydroxide; HCL; SC; Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p131); pump model not stated.

P3188 Chow,L., de Gasparo,M., Levens,N. Improved glucose metabolism following blockade of angiotensin converting enzyme but not angiotensin AT receptors. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1995; 282(--):77-86. >>> Benazepril; Valsartan; Water, distilled; NaOH; HCI; IP; rat; 2ML4; 12 weeks; controls received mp with saline; long-term study, pumps replaced every 28 days; valsartan is an angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist; antihypertensive.

P2181 Battle,T., Schnell,C., Bunkenburg,D., Heudes,D., Wood,J.M., Menard,J. Continuous versus intermittent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in renal hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1993; 22(--):188-196. >>> Benazeprilat; Water; IP; rat; 2002; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/water; pumps replaced at 2 wks; antihypertensive;.

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3. Benazeprilat

P4059 Webb,R.L., Barclay,B.W., Navarrete,A.E., Wosu,N.J., Sahota,P. Protective effects of valsartan and benazeprilat in salt-loaded stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin.Exp.Hypertens. 1998; 20(-7-):775-793. >>> Valsartan; Benazeprilat; NaOH; SC; rat; 2ML2; 9.5 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; long-term study, pumps replaced every 2 weeks; radiotelemetric devices implanted concomitantly for blood pressure and heart rate measurement; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral).

P3939 Webb,R.L., Navarrete,A.E., Davis,S. Effects of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination on blood pressure and heart rate in conscious-telemetered spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Am.J.Hypertens. 1998; 11(--):59-65. >>> Valsartan; Hydrochlorothiazide; Benazeprilat; NaOH; SC; rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume and plasma assays; dose-response; stability verified by pilot expt; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; agents administered alone and in combination.

P2830 Webb,R.L., Sills,M.A., Chovan,J.P., Peppard,J.V., Francis,J.E. Development of tolerance to the antihypertensive effects of highly selective adenosine A2a agonists upon chronic administration. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1993; 267(-1-):287-295. >>> CGS-21680C; CGS-22989; CGS-22492; Benazeprilat; DMSO; Sodium bicarbonate; IV (jugular); rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; tolerance.

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4. Bendroflumethiazide

P2385 Lunau,H.E., Bak,M., Petersen,J.S., Shalmi,M., Marcussen,N., Christensen,S. Renal adaptations to continuous administration of furosemide and bendroflumethiazide in rats. Pharmacol.Toxicol. 1994; 74(--):216-222. >>> Bendroflumethiazide; Furosemide; Lithium citrate; Ethanolamine; IP; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; antihypertensive.

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5. Bisoprolol

P3796 Hamada,H., Hakamata,N., Ohsuzu,F., Nakamura,H. Age-related effects of norepinephrine on rat ventricular hypertrophy. Jpn.Heart J. 1997; 38(-3-):433-443. >>> Norepinephrine HCl; Norepinephrine bitartrate; Bunazosin; Bisoprolol; SC; rat; 2002; 7, 14 days; controls received mp w/saline or norepinephrine; dose-response; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; 2 pumps implanted in each animal.

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6. Bunazosin

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7. Candesartan

Q0350 Schmerbach,K., Pfab,T., Zhao,Y., Culman,J., Mueller,S., Villringer,A., Muller,D.N., Hocher,B., Unger,T., Thoene-Reineke,C. Effects of Aliskiren on Stroke in Rats Expressing Human Renin and Angiotensinogen Genes. PLoS One 2010; 5(-11-):U241-U247. >>> Aliskiren; candesartan; SC; Rat; 12 days; Controls received sham operation; animal info (dTGR, 5-6 wks old, 125-135g); MRI; ischemia (MCAO, cerebral).

P9991 Kishi,T., Hirooka,Y., Konno,S., Ogawa,K., Sunagawa,K. Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-Activated Caspase-3 Through Ras/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Is Involved in Sympathoexcitation in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Hypertension 2010; 55(-2-):291-297. >>> S-Farnesylthiosalicylic acid; Z-DEVD-FMK; candesartan; DMSO; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1003D; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (WYKO, 14-16 wks old).

P9633 Praddaude,F., Cousins,S.W., Pecher,C., Marin-Castano,M.E. Angiotensin II-induced hypertension regulates AT1 receptor subtypes and extracellular matrix turnover in mouse retinal pigment epithelium. Experimental Eye Research 2009; 89(-1-):109-118. >>> Angiotensin II; candesartan; PD123319; Saline; SC; Mice; 2001; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/vehicle; peptides; animal info (adult, C57BL/6, male, 9 months old); pump infused mixture of angiotensin II and candesartan; pump infused mixture of angiotensin II and PD123319.

P9417 Jensen,A.M., Bae,E.H., Fenton,R.A., Norregaard,R., Nielsen,S., Kim,S.W., Frokiaer,J. Angiotensin II regulates V2 receptor and pAQP2 during ureteral obstruction. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2009; 296(-1-):F127-F134. >>> Candesartan; Na2CO3; saline; SC; Rat; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Munich-Wistar, Sprague Dawley, 240 g.); nephrology.

P9229 Jiang,M., Bujo,H., Ohwaki,K., Unoki,H., Yarnazaki,H., Kanaki,T., Shibasaki,M., Azuma,K., Harigaya,K., Schneider,W.J., Saito,Y. Ang II-stimulated migration of vascular smooth muscle cells is dependent on LR11 in mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2008; 118(-8-):2733-2746. >>> Angiotensin II; candesartan; Saline; IA (femoral); Mice; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, C57BL/6, 20 wks old, Lr11 -/-, wt).

P8579 Eskild-Jensen,A., Paulsen,L.F., Wogensen,L., Olesen,P., Pedersen,L., Frokiaer,J., Nyengaard,J.R. AT1 receptor blockade prevents interstitial and glomerular apoptosis but not fibrosis in pigs with neonatal induced partial unilateral ureteral obstruction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007/6; 292(-6-):F1771-F1781. >>> Candesartan; Saline, physiological; Na2C03; SC; Pig; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ isotonic saline; no stress (see pg. F1774); animal info (female, Danish Landrace, 23 days old, partial left ureter obstruction); renal physiology.

P8452 Doran,D.E., Weiss,D., Zhang,Y., Griendling,K.K., Taylor,W.R. Differential effects of AT1 receptor and Ca2+ channel blockade on atherosclerosis, inflammatory gene expression, and production of reactive oxygen species. Atherosclerosis 2007; 195(-1-):39-47. >>> Candesartan; Saline; Na2C03; SC; Mice; 1002; 2,4 months; 2,6 weeks; Cardiovascular; animal info (male, C57BL/6 apoE -/-, 6-8 wks old).

P8442 Armando,I., Volpi,S., Aguilera,G., Saavedra,J.M. Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade prevents the hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor response to isolation stress. Brain Research 2007; 1142(--):92-99. >>> Candesartan; Sodium carbonate; saline; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Wistar Hanover, 10 wks old, 250-300g).

P8328 Padia,S.H., Kemp,B.A., Howell,N.L., Siragy,H.M., Fournie-Zaluski,M.C., Roques,B.P., Carey,R.M. Intrarenal aminopeptidase N inhibition augments natriuretic responses to angiotensin III in angiotensin type 1 receptor-blocked rats. Hypertension 2007; 49(-3-):625-630. >>> Candesartan; SC; Rat; 2001D; 24 hours; Cardiovascular; animal info (Sprague-Dawley, 250 grams).

P8263 Nishimura,M., Takahashi,H., Yoshimura,M. Upregulation of the brain renin-angiotensin system in rats with chronic renal failure. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA 2007; 189(-4-):369-377. >>> Candesartan; CSF, artificial; IV (jugular); CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (subtotal nephrectomy, dorsal rhizotomy); antihypertensive; cyanoacrylate adhesive; animal info (male, SHR/Izumo, 8 wks old, 300-350g.); ATI receptor antagonist.

P8202 Hamai,M., Iwai,M., Ide,A., Tomochika,H., Tomono,Y., Mogi,M., Horiuchi,M. Comparison of inhibitory action of candesartan and enalapril on brain ischemia through inhibition of oxidative stress. Neuropharmacology 2006; 51(-4-):822-828. >>> Candesartan; enalapril; IP; Mice; 1002; 10 days; Dose-response (fig.1); cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral, induced by MCAO); animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 10 wks old); neurology.

P8182 Eskild-Jensen,A., Thomsen,K., Rungo,C., Ferreira,L.S., Paulsen,L.F., Rawashdeh,Y.F., Nyengaard,J.R., Nielsen,S., Djurhuus,J.C., Frokiaer,J. Glomerular and tubular function during AT1 receptor blockade in pigs with neonatal induced partial ureteropelvic obstruction. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2006; 292(-3-):921-929. >>> Candesartan; Saline, physiological; SC; Pig (neonate); 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. F923); animal info (female, Danish Landrace; 2, 23 days old); congenital urinary tract obstruction model.

P8086 de Borst,M.H., van Timmeren,M.M., Vaidya,V.S., de Boer,R.A., van Dalen,M.B.A., Kramer,A.B., Schuurs,T.A., Bonventre,J.V., Navis,G., van Goor,H. Induction of kidney injury molecule-1 in homozygous Ren2 rats is attenuated by blockade of the renin-angiotensin system or p38 MAP kinase. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2007; 292(-1-):F313-F320. >>> Candesartan; SB-239063; Saline; water; PEG 400; NaHC03; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2004; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received no treatment; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; enzyme inhibitor (p38 MAP Kinase); animal info (male, TGR (mRen2) 27, 7 wks old, male, Sprague-Dawley); 0.1% DMSO.

P8000 Turban,S., Beutler,T., Morris,R.G., Masilamani,S., Fenton,R.A., Knepper,M.A., Packer,R.K. Long-term regulation of proximal tubule acid-base transporter abundance by angiotensin II. Kidney International 2006; 70(-4-):660-668. >>> Candesartan; angiotensin II; lisinopril; Saline; SC; Rat; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 224-250 grams).

P7933 Zhou,J., Pavel,J., Macova,M., Yu,Z.X., Imboden,H., Ge,L., Nishioku,T., Dou,J.T., Delgiacco,E., Saavedra,J.M. AT1 receptor blockade regulates the local angiotensin II system in cerebral microvessels from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke 2006; 37(-5-):1271-1276. >>> Candesartan; SC; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (SHR, Wistar Kyoto, 12 weeks old, 250-320 grams).

P7918 Saavedra,J.M., Armando,I., Bregonzio,C., Juorio,A., Macova,M., Pavel,J., Sanchez-Lemus,E. A centrally acting, anxiolytic angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonist prevents the isolation stress-induced decrease in cortical CRF1 receptor and benzodiazepine binding. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 31(-6-):1123-1134. >>> Candesartan; Saline; sodium carbonate; SC; CSF/CNS; Rat; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Wistar, 8 weeks old).

P7883 Jensen,A.M., Li,C.L., Praetorius,H.A., Norregaard,R., Frische,S., Knepper,M.A., Nielsen,S., Frokiaer,J. Angiotensin II mediates downregulation of aquaporin water channels and key renal sodium transporters in response to urinary tract obstruction. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2006; 291(-5-):F1021-F1032. >>> Candesartan; Saline, physiological; Na2C03; SC; Rat; 2001; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Munich-Wistar, 240g.); mp primed overnight in 37 celsius saline.

P7833 Zhang,C.T., Yasuno,S., Kuwahara,K., Zankov,D.P., Kobori,A., Makiyama,T., Horie,M. Blockade of angiotensin II type 1 receptor improves the arrhythmia morbidity in mice with left ventricular hypertrophy. CIRCULATION JOURNAL 2006; 70(-3-):335-341. >>> Candesartan; SC; Mice; 1002; 2, 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (table 1); no stress (see pg. 336); cardiovascular; animal info (C57BL/6, 24-27g., 11-12 wk. old, male, transverse aorta constriction).

P7356 Dendorfer,A., Dominiak,P., Tempel,K., Raasch,W. Peripheral sympatholytic actions of four AT1 antagonists: are they relevant for-long-term antihypertensive efficacy?. Journal of Hypertension 2005; 23(-10-):1861-1867. >>> Candesartan; losartan; eprosartan; irbesartan; NaOH; IP; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by blood pressure taken; dose-response (fig. 1); cardiovascular; antihypertensive; animal info (male, SHR, 10 wk old, 250-280 g).

P7297 Cairns,M.J., Burns,P., Di Nicolantonio,R., McKinley,M.J., Mathai,M.L. Influence of brain angiotensin on thermoregulation and hydromineral balance during pregnancy in rats. Journal of Applied Physiology 2005; 98(-5-):1813-1819. >>> Candesartan; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat (pregnant); 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or no treatment; no stress (see pg. 1815); post op. care (aspirin, sucrose water); mp primed; AT1 receptor antagonist.

P7127 Kwon,T.H., Nielsen,J., Knepper,M.A., Frokiaer,J., Nielsen,S. Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade decreases vasopressin-induced water reabsorption and AQP2 levels in NaCl-restricted rats. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2005; 288(-4-):F673-F684. >>> Vasopressin, 1-deamino-8-D-arginine; candesartan; Saline, physiological; Na2CO3; SC; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; multiple pumps per animal (2); mp primed 4 hours in 37 degrees celsius saline.

P7085 Ando,H., Zhou,J., Macova,M., Imboden,H., Saavedra,J.M. Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade reverses pathological hypertrophy and inflammation in brain microvessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke 2004; 35(-7-):1726-1731. >>> Candesartan; Sodium carbonate; SC; Rat; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral).

P6988 de Boer,R.A., Pokharel,S., Flesch,M., van Kampen,D.A., Suurmeijer,A.J.H., Boomsma,F., van Gilst,W.H., van Veldhuisen,D.J., Pinto,Y.M. Extracellular signal regulated kinase and SMAD signaling both mediate the angiotensin II driven progression towards overt heart failure in homozygous TGR(mRen2)27. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM 2004; 82(-10-):678-687. >>> Candesartan; tyrphostin A46; SB 239063; Saline; water; NaHCO3; PEG; DMSO; SC; IP; Rat; 2004; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ placebo agent; enzyme inhibitor (p38 MAP kinase, EGFR tyrosine kinase); tyrphostin is a.k.a AG-490.

P6781 Wamsley-Davis,A., Padda,R., Truong,L.D., Tsao,C.C., Zhang,P., Sheikh-Hamad,D. AT1A-mediated activation of kidney JNK1 and SMAD2 in obstructive uropathy: preservation of kidney tissue mass using candesartan. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2004; 287(-3-):F474-F480. >>> Candesartan; losartan; SC; Rat; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; AT-1A receptor antagonist.

P6578 Zou,Y.Z., Akazawa,H., Qin,Y.J., Sano,M., Takano,H., Minamino,T., Makita,N., Iwanaga,K., Zhu,W.D., Kudoh,S., Toko,H., Tamura,K., Kihara,M., Nagai,T., Fukamizu,A., Umemura,S., Iiri,T., Fujita,T., Komuro,I. Mechanical stress activates angiotensin II type 1 receptor without the involvement of angiotensin II. NATURE CELL BIOLOGY 2004; 6(-6-):499-506. >>> Candesartan; SC; Mice; 3,17 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; cardiovascular.

P6577 de Borst,M.H., Navis,G., de Boer,R.A., Huitema,S., Vis,L.M., van Gilst,W.H., van Goor,H. Specific MAP-kinase blockade protects against renal damage in homozygous TGR(mRen2)27 rats. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION 2003; 83(-12-):1761-1770. >>> Candesartan; tyrphostin A46; SB 239063; Saline; sodium carbonate; DMSO; water; PEG 400; SC; IP; Rat; 2004; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received no treatment; enzyme inhibitor (map-kinase, FGF-R); 0.01% DMSO for tyrphostin; 0.1% DMSO for SB 239063; tyrphostin is a.k.a AG-490.

P6449 Kusaka,I., Kusaka,G., Zhou,C., Ishikawa,M., Nanda,A., Granger,D.N., Zhang,J.H., Tang,J.P. Role of AT1 receptors and NAD(P)H oxidase in diabetes-aggravated ischemic brain injury. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2004; 286(-6-):H2442-H2451. >>> Candesartan; SC; Rat; 14 days; Ischemia (cerebral); diabetes; no side effects of minipump placement were noticed; pump model not listed; MCAO.

P6145 Itoh,M., Takeishi,Y., Nakada,S., Miyamoto,T., Tsunoda,Y., Takahashi,H., Kubota,I., Tomoike,H. Long-term treatment with angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist, CV -11974, restores beta-catenin mRNA expression in volume-overloaded rab bit hearts. Heart and Vessels 2002; 17(-1-):36-41. >>> Candesartan; Saline; SC; Rabbit; 6 weeks; Cardiovascular; CV-11974 (candesartan) is an (AT1RA); pump model not stated.

P6082 Hayashi,T., Sohmiya,K., Ukimura,A., Endoh,S., Mori,T., Shimomura,H., Okabe,M., Terasaki,F., Kitaura,Y. Angiotensin II receptor blockade prevents microangiopathy and preserves diastolic function in the diabetic rat heart. HEART 2003; 89(-10-):1236-1242. >>> Candesartan; IP; Rat; 2002; 6 weeks; Long-term study; pumps replaced every two weeks; diabetes.

P5964 Naito,Y., Tsujino,T., Fujioka,Y., Ohyanagi,M., Iwasaki,T. Augmented diurnal variations of the cardiac renin-angiotensin system i n hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2002; 40(-6-):827-833. >>> Candesartan; SC; Rat; 14 days; cardiovascular; no pump model given.

P5763 Beutler,K.T., Masilamani,S., Turban,S., Nielsen,J., Brooks,H.L., Ageloff,S., Fenton,R.A., Packer,R.K., Knepper,M.A. Long-term regulation of ENaC expression in kidney by angiotensin II. Hypertension 2003; 41(-5-):1143-1150. >>> Candesartan; Angiotensin II; lisinopril; Saline; sodium carbonate; SC; Rat; 2,3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (angiotensin-converting enzyme); Angiotensis II and lisinopril infused together for 3 days in the same pump.

P5687 Jezova,M., Armando,I., Bregonzio,C., Yu,Z.X., Qian,S.J., Ferrans,V.J., Imboden,H., Saavedra,J.M. Angiotensin II AT(1) and AT(2) receptors contribute to maintain basal adrenomedullary norepinephrine synthesis and tyrosine hydroxylase tran scription. Endocrinology 2003; 144(-5-):2092-2101. >>> Candesartan; PD123319; Saline; sodium carbonate; SC; Rat; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; AT receptor antagonists.

P5620 Yamakawa,H., Jezova,M., Ando,H., Saavedra,J.M. Normalization of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in brain microvessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats by angiotensin II AT(1) receptor inhibition. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2003; 23(-3-):371-380. >>> Candesartan; Sodium carbonate; SC; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp/w vehicle; antihypertensive; Candesartan is an AT1 antagonist..

P5521 Armando,I., Terron,J.A., Falcon-Neri,A., Takeshi,I., Hauser,W., Inagami,T., Saavedra,J.M. Increased angiotensin II AT(1) receptor expression in paraventricular nucleus and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stimulation in AT(2) receptor gene disrupted mice. Neuroendocrinology 2002; 76(-3-):137-147. >>> Candesartan; Sodium carbonate; Saline; SC; Mice; 1002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; agent is an angiotensin II AT(1) receptor antagonist.

P5222 Zhuo,J.L., Imig,J.D., Hammond,T.G., Orengo,S., Benes,E., Navar,L.G. Ang II accumulation in rat renal endosomes during Ang II-induced hypertension: role of AT(1) receptor. Hypertension 2002/1; 39(-1-):116-121. >>> Angiotensin II; Candesartan; Rat; 13 days; Functionality of mp verified by Ang II plasma levels; cardiovascular; peptides; antihypertensive; one group received Ang II alone, one group received Ang II and Candesartan.

P5170 Knepper,Mark A., Beutler,Kathleen, Masilamani,Shyama, Nielsen,Jakob, Nielsen,Soren, Wang,Xiao Yan. Decreased abundance of collecting duct urea transporters UT-A1 and UT-A3 with ECF volume expansion. American Journal of Physiology 2002/4; 282(-4 Part 2-):F577-F584. >>> Aldosterone; Candesartan; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2 or 4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; candesartan is an Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker; animals received aldosterone for 4 days or candesartan for 2 days.

P5151 Saito,T., Fujiwara,R., Fujiwara,Y., Hasegawa,H., Kibira,S., Miura,H., Miura,M. Role of augmented expression of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in postischaemic heart. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 2002/4; 29(-4-):324-329. >>> Candesartan; IP; rat; 3 days; cardiovascular.

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8. Captopril

Q0569 de Kloet,A.D., Krause,E.G., Kim,D.H., Sakai,R.R., Seeley,R.J., Woods,S.C. The Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Using Captopril on Energy Balance and Glucose Homeostasis. Endocrinology 2009; 150(-9-):4114-4123. >>> Captopril; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Adult, male, Long Evans, 250-300 g); enzyme inhibitor (ACE); wound clips used; Research Diets.

Q0008 Cho,Y.K., Eom,G.H., Kee,H.J., Kim,H.S., Choi,W.Y., Nam,K.I., Ma,J.S., Kook,H. Sodium Valproate, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, but Not Captopril, Prevents Right Ventricular Hypertrophy in Rats. CIRCULATION JOURNAL 2010; 74(-4-):760-770. >>> Captopril; DMSO; SC; Rat; 14 days; Cardiovascular; enzyme inhibitor (ACE); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 3 weeks old); functionality of mp verified by plasma ang I and ang II levels; right ventricular hypertrophy by pulmonary artery banding.

P8463 Shen,X.Z., Li,P., Weiss,D., Fuchs,S., Xiao,H.D., Adams,J.A., Williams,I.R., Capecchi,M.R., Taylor,W.R., Bernstein,K.E. Mice with enhanced macrophage angiotensin-converting enzyme are resistant to melanoma. American Journal of Pathology 2007; 170(-6-):2122-2134. >>> Captopril; losartan; SC; Mice; 2 weeks; Functionality of mp verified by systolic blood pressure; enzyme inhibitor (ACE); cancer (melanoma); immunology; animal info (C56BL/6, wt, ACE 10/10, 8wks old).

P6655 Li,X., Simard,J.M. Increase in Cx45 gap junction channels in cerebral smooth muscle cells from SHR. Hypertension 2002; 40(-6-):940-946. >>> Angiotensin II; L-NAME; captopril; SC; Rat; 4 weeks; Enzyme inhibitor (nitric oxide synthase); cardiovascular; antihypertensive.

P6240 Martinez,L.A., Villalobos-Molina,R.V. Early and chronic captopril or losartan therapy reduces infarct size and avoids congestive heart failure after myocardial infarction in rats. Archives of Medical Research 2003; 34(-5-):357-361. >>> Captopril; losartan; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Cardiovascular; enzyme inhibitor (ACE); losartan is an AT1 receptor antagonist.

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9. Clonidine

P6722 Quartilho,A., Mata,H.P., Ibrahim,M.M., Vanderah,T.W., Ossipov,M.H., Lai,J., Porreca,F., Malan,P.Jr. Production of paradoxical sensory hypersensitivity by alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonists. Anesthesiology 2004; 100(-6-):1538-1544. >>> Clonidine; MK-801; dexmedetomidine; idazoxan; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); SC; Rat; 2001; 6 days; Comparison of IT injections vs. IT and SC mp; idazoxan and MK-801 infused intrathecally in a separate infusion.

P6298 Kennedy,A.D., Gilson,T.L., Posnikoff,J. Body and fat tail growth and carcass responses to clonidine in Karakul ram lambs. Small Ruminant Research 1995; 15(--):171-176. >>> Clonidine HCL; Saline, sterile; SC; Sheep (lamb); 2ML4; 84 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study; pumps replaced at day 29 and day 57.

P5646 Parkin,M.L., Godwin,S.J., Head,G.A. Importance of imidazoline-preferring receptors in the cardiovascular actions of chronically administered moxonidine, rilmenidine and clonidine in conscious rabbits. Journal of Hypertension 2003; 21(-1-):167-178. >>> Moxonidine; clonidine; rilmenidine; Saline; HCl; Sodium hydroxide; SC; Rabbit; 2ML2; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; antihypertensive; moxonidine dissolved in saline/HCl/NaOH; other agents dissolved in saline; moxonidine&rilmenidine are imidazoline receptor agonists.

P4084 Chaouche-Teyara,K., Lacolley,P., Challande,P., Fournier,B., Laurent,S., Safar,M., Dabire,H. Effects of clonidine and flesinoxan on blood pressure variability in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 1997; 30(--):241-244. >>> Clonidine; Flesinoxan; Saline; SC; rat; 2ML1; 2ML4; 4 weeks; 24 hours; controls received mp w/vehicle; antihypertensive.

P4057 Mestivier,D., Dabire,H., Safar,M., Chau,N.P. Use of nonlinear methods to assess effects of clonidine on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J.Appl.Physiol. 1998; 84(-5-):1795-1800. >>> Clonidine; Saline; SC; rat; 2ML1; 2ML2; 4 weeks, 24 hours; controls received mp w/vehicle; antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

P4056 Grubb,M.C., Stornetta,R.L., Pence,R., Baertschi,A.J., Guyenet,P.G. Antagonist precipitated clonidine withdrawal in rat: effects on locus coeruleus neurons, sympathetic nerves and cardiovascular parameters. J.Auton.Nerv.Syst. 1998; 71(--):85-95. >>> Clonidine HCl; SC; rat; 2002; 7-13 days; controls received mp w/saline; antihypertensive.

P3828 Stornetta,R.L., Grubb,M.C., Guyenet,P.G. Atipamezole-precipitated clonidine withdrawal induces c-fos expression in rat central nervous system. Brain Research 1997; 764(--):81-92. >>> Clonidine; SC; rat; 2002; 7-10 days; controls received mp w/saline; antihypertensive; tolerance; dependence.

P3384 Naruse,T., Ishii,R., Tagawa,T. Absence of tolerance to hypotensive effects of clonidine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Jpn.J.Pharmacol. 1995; 67(--):407-410. >>> Clonidine; SC; rat; 2002; 5 weeks; controls received mp w/saline; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; pumps replaced weekly; half-life (p.409); antihypertensive; tolerance.

P3195 Hayashi,Y., Guo,T.-Z., Maze,M. Desensitization to the behavioral effects of a2-adrenergic agonists in rats. Anesthesiology 1995; 82(--):954-962. >>> Dexmedetomidine; Clonidine; SC; rat; 2002; 7 days; controls received mp with vehicle or sham operation; tolerance; antihypertensive.

P3137 Takano,Y., Yaksh,T.L. Chronic spinal infusion of dexmedetomidine, ST-91 and clonidine: spinal alpha2 adrenoceptor subtypes and intrinsic activity. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1993; 264(-1-):327-335. >>> Dexmedetomidine; Clonidine; Enkephalin analog ST-91; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp with vehicle; tolerance; externalized loop of tubing allowed cessation of flow; dose-response (pg. 330); antihypertensive.

P3038 Naruse,T., Ishida,T., Ishii,R., Tagawa,T., Namba,K. Relationship between hypotensive effects and plasma concentrations of clonidine in spontaneously hypertensive rats: continuous treatment and sudden termination of clonidine infusion. Gen.Pharmacol. 1994; 25(-7-):1421-1425. >>> Clonidine; SC; rat; 2002; 8 days; controls received mp with saline; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; dose-response; antihypertensive.

P2900 Penning,D.H., Jhamandas,K. Yohimbine-precipitated clonidine withdrawal: an experimental model of the antihypertensive drug withdrawal syndrome. Can.J.Physiol.Pharmacol. 1992; 70(--):853-858. >>> Clonidine HCl; SC; rat; 2002; 7 days; controls received mp with saline; antihypertensive.

P2883 Rieg,T.S., Aravich,P.F. Systemic clonidine increases feeding and wheel running but does not affect rate of weight loss in rats subjected to activity-based anorexia. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 1994; 47(--):215-218. >>> Clonidine; Saline; Ascorbic acid; SC; rat; 2002; no duration posted; controls received mp with vehicle; catheter used to delay infusion 1 day; antihypertensive.

P2601 Barrios,M., Robles,I., Baeyens,J.M. Role of L-type calcium channels on yohimbine-precipitated clonidine withdrawal in vivo and in vitro. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch.Pharmacol. 1993; 348(--):601-607. >>> Clonidine HCl; Water, deionized; SC; mice; 2001; 5 days; controls received mp w/ saline; dependence; antihypertensive.

P2452 Janssen,B.J.A., Tyssen,C.M., Struyker-Boudier,H.A.J. Modification of circadian blood pressure and heart rate variability by five different antihypertensive agents in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 1991; 17(--):494-503. >>> Captopril; Metoprolol; Hydralazine; Clonidine; Prazosin; Water; DMSO; Ethanol; PEG 400; Saline; IV; rat; 2001; 2ML1; 4-6 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; antihypertensive.

P2311 Hamilton,C.A., Yakubu,M.A., Howie,C.A., Reid,J.L. Do centrally-acting antihypertensive drugs act at non-adrenergic as well as alpha-2 adrenoceptor sites?. Clin.and Exper.Hyper.-Theory and Practice 1992; A14(-5-):815-835. >>> Guanabenz; Clonidine; Rilmenidine; Water, sterile; Ethanol; IV (femoral); rabbit; 6 days; controls received mp w/ vehicles; agents are antihypertensives; mp and catheter embedded in thigh muscle; antihypertensive.

P2169 Ammer,H., Nice,L, Lang,J., Schulz,R. Regulation of G proteins by chronic opiate and clonidine treatment in the guinea pig myenteric plexus. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1991; 258(-3-):790-796. >>> Clonidine; Fentanyl; U-50,488H; Saline; SC; guinea-pig; 2001; 2002; 6-14 days; controls received sham op; tolerance; dependence; antihypertensive.

P2143 van der Laan,J.W., Jansen van't Land,C. Chronic infusion of clonidine does not alleviate spontaneous morphine withdrawal symptoms in rats. Psychopharmacology 1992; 108(--):283-288. >>> UK-14,304 tartrate; Clonidine HCl; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; no duration posted; half-life (p.283); antihypertensive.

P2111 Yu,J.-H. Effect of chronic clonidine administration on parasympathetic-evoked rat saliva. Life Sci. 1992; 51(-19-):1493-1499. >>> Clonidine; IP; rat; 2ML1; 5, 7 days; no stress (see pg. 1494); good methods (see pg. 1494); antihypertensive.

P2110 Yonezawa,A., Kawamura,S., Ando,R., Tadano,T., Kisara,K., Kimura,Y. Chronic clonidine treatment and its termination: effects on penile erection and ejaculation in the dog. Life Sci. 1992; 51(--):1999-2007. >>> Clonidine HCl; Saline; SC; dog; 2ML4; 4 weeks; tolerance; antihypertensive.

P2101 Jin,H., Yang,R.-H., Wyss,J.M., Chen,Y.-F., Oparil,S. Intrahypothalamic clonidine infusion prevents NaCl-sensitive hypertension. Hypertension 1991; 18(-2-):224-229. >>> Clonidine HCl; Saline; CSF/CNS (hypothalamus); IV (femoral); rat; 2002; 20 days; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; 32 gauge cannula used; antihypertensive.

P1543 Lambas-Senas,L., Atkinson,J., Fluckiger,J.P., Sonnay,M., Chamba,G., Renaud,B. Biochemical evidence that brainstem adrenaline-containing neurons are activated during clonidine withdrawal in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Arch.Pharm. 1988; 338(--):543-547. >>> Clonidine; Saline; IV (jugular); rat; 2001; 7, 10 days; antihypertensive.

P1419 Kennedy,A.D., Tekpetey,F.R., Onischuk,L.A. Growth hormone, insulin, prolactin, glucose and mononuclear leukocyte insulin binding responses to clonidine in ram lambs. Can.J.Anim.Sci. 1988; 68(--):655-677. >>> Clonidine HCl; Water; SC; sheep; 72 days; pump replaced at day 29 and 57; antihypertensive.

P1276 Granneman,J.G. Norepinephrine infusions increase adenylate cyclase responsiveness in brown adipose tissue. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1988; 245(-3-):1075-1080. >>> Clonidine HCl; Isoproterenol HCl; Norepinephrine bitartrate; Phenylephrine HCl; Ascorbic acid; SC; rat; 3 days; solubility limitations; antihypertensive.

P1266 Jarrott,B., Lewis,S.J., Louis,W.J., Maccarrone,C., Shulkes,A. Regional brain concentrations of several putative peptide neurotransmitters in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats: effect of continuous (10-day) clonidine infusion. J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 1987; 10(-12-):S14-S21. >>> Clonidine; Saline; SC; rat; 2002; 10 days; controls received mp w/saline; SHR and WKY rats used in this study; antihypertensive.

P1142 Kennedy,A.D., Belluk,B.M. Growth and carcass composition of ram lambs treated with clonidine. Can.J.Anim.Sci. 1987; 67(-2-):417-425. >>> Clonidine HCl; Water; SC; sheep (lamb); 2ML4; 85 days; controls rec'd mp w/ water; 2 doses of agent infused; stress/adverse reaction (mp expulsion); long-term study; mp replaced on days 29 and 57; antihypertensive.

P1110 Atkinson,J., Boillat,N., Dennis,T., Langer,S.Z., Scatton,B. Effect of prolonged clonidine treatment and its withdrawal on noradrenaline turnover in the cerebral cortex and medulla oblongata of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch.Pharmacol. 1987; 336(--):77-80. >>> Clonidine; Radio-isotopes; 3H tracer; Saline; IV (jugular); rat; 2001; 5, 10 days, 16, 40, 64 hrs; controls received mp w/saline; mp connected to cannula in jugular vein; dose response; 3H-clonidine used in vitro to verify functionality of mp; no tolerance; pump not replaced or surgically removed; antihypertensive.

P1096 O'Regan,D., Kwok,R.P.S., Yu,P.H., Bailey,B.A., Greenshaw,A.J., Boulton,A.A. A behavioural and neurochemical analysis of chronic and selective monoamine oxidase inhibition. Psychopharmacology 1987; 92(--):42-47. >>> Deprenyl HCl; Clonidine HCl; Clorgyline HCl; Saline; SC; rat; 2002; 13 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; hypothalmic electrodes implanted for self-stimulation to further access agents effects; antihypertensive.

P1086 Lewis,S.J., Maccarrone,C., Jarrott,B. Modification of the circadian body temperature rhythm of the spontaneously hypertensive rat during and following cessation of continuous clonidine infusion. Brain Research 1986; 385(--):383-388. >>> Clonidine HCl; SC; rat; 2002; 10 days, 4 hours; controls received sham operation; vehicle for clonidine not specified; antihypertensive.

P1051 Finberg,J.P.M., Kopin,I.J. Chronic clonidine treatment produces desensitisation of post-but not presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1987; 138(--):95-100. >>> Clonidine; Saline; SC; rat; 2ML2; 14 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; antihypertensive.

P1042 Lewis,S.J., Jarrott,B., Doyle,A.E. Rapid eye movement sleep and the associated cardiovascular changes during and after continuous 10-day infusion of clonidine in normotensive rats: comparison with lofexidine and S3341. J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 1987; 9(--):711-718. >>> Clonidine; Lofexidine; S-3341; Saline; SC; rat; 2002; 10 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; agents infused separately; antihypertensive.

P0769 Atkinson,J., Lambas-Senas,L., Parker,M., Boillat,N., Luthi,P., Sonnay,M., Seccia,M., Renaud,B. Chronic clonidine treatment and its withdrawal: effects on blood pressure and catecholamine synthesizing enzymes in brain-stem nuclei. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1986; 121(--):97-106. >>> Clonidine HCl; EDTA; IV (jugular); rat; 2001; 7-10 days; mp functionality verified in vitro; mp flow rate checked by measurement of radioactivity; mp connected to cannula in jugular vein; antihypertensive.

P0754 Maccarrone,C., Lewis,S.J., Jarrott,B. Body temperature during and following 10-day subcutaneous infusion of clonidine in the rat. Neuropharmacology 1985; 24(-10-):985-992. >>> Clonidine; Water; SC; rat; 2002; 10 days; mps primed (washed) in saline prior to implant; clonidine half-life; antihypertensive.

P0629 Hess,R.W., Hardman,S.L., Shirachi,D.Y., Taubert,K.A. Comparison between osmotic mini-pumps and controlled release pellets in chronic clonidine administration in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Proc.West.Pharmacol.Soc. 1985; 28(--):97-101. >>> Clonidine HCl; Saline; SC; rat; 6 days; comparison of controlled release pellets; no stress p. 97; competition; antihypertensive.

P0576 Jarrott,B., Lewis,S., Conway,E.L., Summers,R., Louis,W.J. The involvement of central alpha adrenoceptors in the antihypertensive actions of methyldopa and clonidine in the rat. Clin.Exp.Hypertens. 1984; A6(-1/2-):387-400. >>> Clonidine; SC; rat; 10 days; mp model not stated; antihypertensive.

P0571 Atkinson,J., Sonnay,M., Boillat,N. Changes in central monoaminergic function during chronic treatment with clonidine in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1984; 106(-3-):613-617. >>> Clonidine; IV; rat; 2001; 3-7 days; pump functionality tested in vitro&in vivo; 2 doses clon. tested; no tolerance developed; antihypertensive.

P0547 Maccarrone,C., Lewis,S.J., Jarrott,B. The development of a relative hyperthermia during continuous clonidine infusion in the rat. J.Pharm.Pharmacol. 1984; 36(--):851-853. >>> Clonidine; SC; rat; 2002; 10 days; no stress p. 851 - a variety of physiological parameters unaffected by saline in mp; controls were sham-operated only; advantage of mp p. 851; antihypertensive.

P0443 Taubert,K.A., Hair,T.L., Hess,R.W. Effects of clonidine and heat on thermoregulation in normotensive and hypertensive rats - a preliminary study. Proc.West.Pharmacol.Soc. 1983; 26(--):317-322. >>> Clonidine; SC; rat; 15 days; mp model not stated; comparison of acute i.p. injection vs. chronic intake by drinking water vs. mp infusion; antihypertensive.

P0354 Louis,W.J., Anavekar,S.N., Conway,E.L., Jarrott,B. Relationship of immunoassayable clonidine plasma levels to its pharmacologic action in clinical and experimental hypertension. Chest 1983; 83(-2-):352-354. >>> Clonidine; SC; rat; 6 days; comparison of i.v. injec. vs. mp infusion; examination of pharmacokinetic studies in man and tissue distribution in rats; antihypertensive.

P0337 Thoolen,M.J.M.C., Hendriks,J.C.A., Timmermans,P.B.M.W.M., van Zwieten,P.A. Precipitation by yohimbine of the withdrawal syndromes of clonidine, guanfacine, and methyldopa in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 1983; 5(--):224-228. >>> Clonidine; Guanfacine; Methyldopa; HCl; intragastric; SC; rat; 2002; 2ML1; 12 days; 2ML1 IG methyldopa in HCA, C and G SC in 2002; tissue perfusion; antihypertensive.

P0335 Sugden,D., Klein,D.C. B-Adrenergic receptor control of rat pineal hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase. Endocrinology 1983; 113(-1-):348-353. >>> Isoproterenol, d-; Methoxamine; Phenylephrine, l-; ST-587; Clonidine; Epinephrine, l-; Isoproterenol, dl-; Isoproterenol, l-; Prazosin; Propranolol, dl-; Terbutaline; Ascorbic acid; DMSO; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 2ML1; 1 week; comparison of agents effects; saline vehicle used w/ agents 1-8, saline and ascorbic acid used w/ agents 9-11, DMSO and saline used w/ agent 12; ST-587 is an adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive.

P0320 Thoolen,M.J.M.C., Timmermans,P.B.M.W.M., van Zwieten,P.A. Cardiovascular effects of withdrawal of some centrally acting antihypertensive drugs in the rat. Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 1983; 15(--):491S-505S. >>> Azepexole diHCl; Clonidine HCl; Guanfacine HCl; Methyldopa, a-; intragastric; SC; rat; 2001; 2ML1; 12 days; methyldopa in HCA ig (gastrostomy) 2ML1, other 3 drugs 2001 sc; tissue perfusion; antihypertensive.

P0267 Conway,E.L., Jarrott,B. Effects of clonidine infusion and withdrawal on blood pressure and behaviour in the rat. A preliminary study. Clin.Exp.Hypertens. 1982; A4(-8-):1323-1334. >>> Clonidine; Saline; SC; rat; 2002; 5 days; antihypertensive.

P0246 Greenberg,S., Wilborn,W. Effect of clonidine and propranolol on venous smooth muscle from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Arch.Int.Pharmacodyn. 1982; 258(--):234-259. >>> Clonidine; Propranolol; Radio-isotopes; 14C, 2- tracer; 14C, N-2- tracer; Saline; SC; rat; 3 weeks; comparison of agents effects; pump replaced each week for 3 weeks; antihypertensive.

P0223 Greenberg,S., Wilborn,W.M. Effect of chronic administration of clonidine and propranolol on the myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Arch.Int.Pharmacodyn. 1982; 255(--):141-161. >>> Clonidine; Propranolol; Saline; SC; rat; 3 weeks; pumps replaced each week for 3 weeks; antihypertensive.

P0216 Thoolen,M.J.M.C., Timmermans,P.B.M.W.M., van Zwieten,P.A. Guanfacine and clonidine: antihypertensive and withdrawal characteristics after continuous infusion and its interruption in the spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rat. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch.Pharmacol. 1982; 319(--):82-86. >>> Clonidine HCl; Guanfacine HCl; DMSO; Saline; Water; SC; rat; 2002; 12 days; two pumps/animal; antihypertensive.

P0188 Weppelman,R.M., Tolman,R.L., Van Iderstine,A.A., Peterson,L., Olson,G. Antifertility effects of clonidine in laying hens. Experientia 1981; 37(--):995-997. >>> Clonidine; HCl; Sodium phosphate; SC; bird (chicken); 1701; 7 days; antihypertensive.

P0132 Thoolen,M.J.M.C., Timmermans,P.B.M.W.M., van Zwieten,P.A. Discontinuation syndrome after continuous infusion of clonidine in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Life Sci. 1981; 28(--):2103-2109. >>> Clonidine HCl; Saline; SC; rat; 1702; 12 days; antihypertensive.

P0128 Thoolen,M.J.M.C., Timmermans,P.B.M.W.M., van Zwieten,P.A. Morphine suppresses the blood pressure responses to clonidine withdrawal in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1981; 71(--):351-353. >>> Clonidine HCl; SC; rat; 12 days; antihypertensive.

P0122 Thoolen,M.J.M.C., Timmermans,P.B.M.W.M., van Zwieten,P.A. Withdrawal syndrome after continuous infusion of clonidine in the normotensive rat. J.Pharm.Pharmacol. 1981; 33(--):232-235. >>> Clonidine HCl; Saline; SC; rat; 1702; 12 days; antihypertensive.

P0085 Miller,M. Clonidine-induced diuresis in the rat: evidence for a renal site of action. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1980; 214(-3-):608-613. >>> Clonidine; Saline; SC; rat; 2 days; comparison of single injection vs. infusion; antihypertensive.

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10. Digotoxin Or Digoxin

P5308 Huang,B.S., Kudlac,M., Kumarathasan,R., Leenen,F.H. Digoxin prevents ouabain and high salt intake-induced hypertension in rats with sinoaortic denervation. Hypertension 1999/10; 34(-4 Pt 2-):733-738. >>> Digoxin; Antibody, Fab fragments; Gamma globulin; SC; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 2ML2; 12-14 days; Controls received mp w/ gamma globulin solution; peptides; antihypertensive; digoxin infused SC via 2ML2 pumps; some animals received ICV Fab fragments concomitantly via 2002 pumps.

P5253 Manunta,P., Hamilton,J., Rogowski,A.C., Hamilton,B.P., Hamlyn,J.M. Chronic hypertension induced by ouabain but not digoxin in the rat: antihypertensive effect of digoxin and digitoxin. Hypertens Res 2000/9; 23 Suppl(--):S77-S85. >>> Ouabain; Ouabagenin; Digoxin; Digotoxin; PBS; SC; Rat; 2002; 5 weeks; Controls received mp/ vehicle; functionality verified by residual volume; dose-response (p.581); pumps replaced every 14 days; antihypertensive; plasma levels of all agents verified by immunoassay; multiple pumps per animal (2) used simultaneously in one experiment.

P4750 Kimura,K., Manunta,P., Hamilton,B.P., Hamlyn,J.M. Different effects of in vivo ouabain and digoxin on renal artery function and blood pressure in the rat.. Hypertens Res 2000; 23(-Suppl-):S67-S76. >>> Ouabain; Digoxin; PBS, sterile; SC; rat; 5 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels of ouabain and digoxin; antihypertensive; ouabain and digoxin are sodium pump inhibitors.

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11. Doxazosin

P7070 Foster,HE Jr, Yono,M., Shin,D., Takahashi,W., Pouresmail,M., Afiatpour,P., Latifpour,J. Effects of chronic administration of doxazosin on alpha1-adrenoceptors in the rat prostate. Journal of Urology 2004; 172(-6-):2465-2470. >>> Doxazosin; DMSO; SC; Rat; 8,12 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (table 2); long-term study; cancer (prostatic hyperplasia); 50% DMSO; due to limitations in solubility mp was combined with oral dosing to deliver higher doses.

P6787 Yono,M., Foster,HE Jr, Shin,D., Takahashi,W., Pouresmail,M., Latifpour,J. Doxazosin treatment causes differential alterations of alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes in the rat kidney, heart and aorta. LIFE SCIENCES 2004; 75(-21-):2605-2614. >>> Doxazosin; DMSO; SC; Rat; 12 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma doxazosin levels; long-term study; antihypertensive; 50% DMSO; doxazosin supplemented orally in drinking water.

P3785 van Kleef,E.M., Smits,J.F.M., Schwartz,S.M., Daemen,M.J.A.P. Doxazosin blocks the angiotensin II-induced smooth muscle cell DNA synthesis in the media, but not in the neointima of the rat carotid artery after balloon injury. Cardiovasc.Res. 1996; 31(--):324-330. >>> Angiotensin II, [val 5]; Doxazosin; Uridine, bromodeoxy-;; Saline; DMSO;; SC;; rat;; 2002; 2ML1;; 2 weeks;; controls received mp w/vehicle; 2ML1 pumps replaced after 1 week; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; multiple pumps per animal (2) - 1 w/drug, 1 w/BrdU.

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12. Enalapril

P5889 Lamireau,D., Nuyt,A.M., Hou,X., Bernier,S., Beauchamp,M., Gobeil,F.Jr, Lahaie,I., Varma,D.R., Chemtob,S. Altered vascular function in fetal programming of hypertension. Stroke 2002; 33(-12-):2992-2998. >>> Enalaprilat; Saline; Rat (pregnant); 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (ACE).

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13. Enalaprilat

P4975 Sawada,Y., Miyamoto,H., Ito,K., Ito,K., Wakabayashi,S., Suzaka,H., Matsuo,H., Iga,T., Sawada,Y. Comparative study of effects of angiotensin II receptor antagonist, KD 3-671, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, enalaprilat, on cough reflex in guinea pig. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 2001; 26(-1/2-):47-52. >>> Enalaprilat; PBS; SC; rabbit; 2ML4; ; controls received "dummy pump"; pumps replaced after 4 weeks; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; dummy pump implanted in controls was PVC plastic balloon of the same size and shape as pump. Enalaprilat is an Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor..

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14. Eprosartan

Q0529 Mukaddam-Daher,S., Menaouar,A., Paquette,P.A., Jankowski,M., Gutkowska,J., Gillis,M.A., Shi,Y.F., Calderone,A., Tardif,J.C. Hemodynamic and Cardiac Effects of Chronic Eprosartan and Moxonidine Therapy in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Hypertension 2009; 53(-5-):775-U58. >>> Moxonidine; eprosartan; Saline; NaOH; HCl; SC; Rat; 2004; 2ML4; 8 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (SP-SHR, 14 wks old, 250-275 g); antihypertensive; pumps replaced after 4 weeks; long-term study; multiple pumps per animal (2); moxonidine or eprosartan were infused separately or in combination.

P7583 Chen,Y., Currie,R.W. Heat shock treatment suppresses angiotensin II-induced SP-1 and AP-1 and stimulates Oct-1 DNA-binding activity in heart. INFLAMMATION RESEARCH 2005; 54(-8-):338-343. >>> Angiotensin II; eprosartan; norepinephrine; Saline; SC; IP; IV (jugular); Rat; 2001; 2ML2; 3, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or sham HS surgery; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley 280-310 g).

P7557 Karram,T., Abbasi,A., Keidar,S., Golomb,E., Hochberg,I., Winaver,J., Hoffman,A., Abassi,Z. Effects of spironolactone and eprosartan on cardiac remodeling and angiotensin-converting enzyme isoforms in rats with experimental heart failure. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2005; 289(-4-):H1351-H1358. >>> Spironolactone; eprosartan; PEG 400; sodium bicarbonate; IP; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 14, 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels (H1353); cardiovascular; animal info (male, Wistar 300 g); aldosterone antagonist; ANG II receptor antagonist.

P6492 Chen,Y., Ross,B.M., Currie,R.W. Heat shock treatment protects against angiotensin II-induced hypertension and inflammation in aorta. CELL STRESS&CHAPERONES 2004; 9(-1-):99-107. >>> Angiotensin II; eprosartan; norepinephrine; Saline; SC; IP; IV (vena cava); Rat; 2001; 2002; 2ML2; 1,3,5,7,11,14 days; Controls received empty mp for 7 days; functionality of mp verified by SBP; cardiovascular; peptides.

P6372 Behr,T.M., Willette,R.N., Coatney,R.W., Berova,M., Angermann,C.E., Anderson,K., Sackner-Bernstein,J.D., Barone,F.C. Eprosartan improves cardiac performance, reduces cardiac hypertrophy and mortality and downregulates myocardial monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and inflammation in hypertensive heart disease. Journal of Hypertension 2004; 22(-3-):583-592. >>> Eprosartan; Saline; IP; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

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15. Felodipine

P5185 Zhou,X.J., Zhou,X.J., Vaziri,N.D. Defective calcium signalling in uraemic platelets and its amelioration with long-term erythropoietin therapy. NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION 2002; 17(--):992-997. >>> Felodipine; Rat; 6 weeks; Cardiovascular; antihypertensive; calcium channel blocker.

P3960 Mervaala,E.M.A., Malmberg,L., Teravainen,T.-L., Laakso,J., Vapaatalo,H., Karppanen,H. Influence of dietary salts on the cardiovascular effects of low-dose combination of ramipril and felodipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. British J.Pharmacol. 1998; 123(--):195-204. >>> Felodipine; Water, distilled; SC; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/ NaCl; antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

P3540 Mervaala,E.M.A., Teravainen,T.-L., Malmberg,L., Laakso,J., Vapaatalo,H., Karppanen,H. Cardiovascular effects of a low-dose combination of ramipril and felodipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1997; 121(--):503-510. >>> Felodipine; SC; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/ saline; antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

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16. Furosemide

Q0251 Mills,D.M., Schmiedt,R.A. Metabolic Presbycusis: Differential Changes in Auditory Brainstem and Otoacoustic Emission Responses with Chronic Furosemide Applicationin the Gerbil. JARO 2004; 5(--):1-10. >>> Furosemide; Ear (round window niche); Gerbil; 2004; 3-7 days; Controls recieved a bulla vent tube (no mp); no stress (see pg. 2); animal info (young adult, Mongolian, 45-65g); dose-response.

P9880 Wu,K.L.H., Hsu,C., Chan,J.Y.H. Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Anion Differentially Activate Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 and Bax to Induce Nuclear Translocation of Apoptosis-Inducing Factor and Mitochondrial Release of Cytochrome c after Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of Neurotrauma 2009; 26(-7-):965-977. >>> Methylisothiourea, S-; PTIO, carboxy-; Coenzyme Q10; tempol; FeTMPyP; furosemide; PJ-34; CSF, artificial; sesame oil; CSF/CNS (spinal cord); Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; multiple pumps per animal (2); post op. care (procraine penicillin); adult, male, specific pathogen free, 200-250 g.); spinal cord injury; PE-10 catheter used; PTIO is a NO trapping agent; enzyme inhibitor PJ-34 is poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase PARP inhibitor.

P9525 Sheen,M.R., Kim,J.A., Lim,S.W., Jung,J.Y., Han,K.H., Jeon,U.S., Park,S.H., Kim,J., Kwon,H.M. Interstitial tonicity controls TonEBP expression in the renal medulla. Kidney International 2009; 75(-5-):518-525. >>> Furosemide; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 210 g.); 50% DMSO used.

P9524 Kim,J.A., Sheen,M.R., Do Lee,S., Jung,J.Y., Kwon,H.M. Hypertonicity stimulates PGE2 signaling in the renal medulla by promoting EP3 and EP4 receptor expression. Kidney International 2009; 75(-3-):278-284. >>> Furosemide; DMSO; Rat; 2ML1; 1, 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200 g.); 50% DMSO used.

P8602 Na,K.Y., Kim,G.H., Joo,K.W., Lee,J.W., Jang,H.R., Oh,Y.K., Jeon,U.S., Chae,S.W., Knepper,M.A., Han,J.S. Chronic furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide administration increases H+-ATPase B1 subunit abundance in rat kidney. American Journal of Physiology- Renal Physiology 2007; 292(-6-):F1701-F1709. >>> Furosemide; hydrochlorothiazide; Ethanolamine; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. F1703-4); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, pathogen-free, 170-230 grams).

P8596 Matzdorf,C., Kurtz,A., Hocherl,K. COX-2 activity determines the level of renin expression but is dispensable for acute upregulation of renin expression in rat kidneys. American Journal of Physiology- Renal Physiology 2007; 292(-6-):F1782-F1790. >>> Isoproterenol; furosemide; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 2 days; Animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 180-200 grams, left renal artery stenosis); renovascular hypertension.

P8421 Lamont,E.W., Harbour,V.L., Barry-Shaw,J., Diaz,L.R., Robinson,B., Stewart,J., Amir,S. Restricted access to food, but not sucrose, saccharine, or salt, synchronizes the expression of period2 protein in the limbic forebrain. Neuroscience 2007; 144(-2-):402-411. >>> Furosemide; SC; Rat; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (adult, male, Wistar, 300-400g.).

P7092 Ahn,D., Ge,Y.Q., Stricklett,P.K., Gill,P., Taylor,D., Hughes,A.K., Yanagisawa,M., Miller,L., Nelson,R.D., Kohan,D.E. Collecting duct-specific knockout of endothelia-1 causes hypertension and sodium retention. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2004; 114(-4-):504-511. >>> Furosemide; SC; Mice (transgenic); 1003D; 3 days; Antihypertensive.

P6628 Schweda,F., Kammerl,M., Wagner,C., Kraemer,B.K., Kurtz,A. Upregulation of macula densa cyclooxygenase-2 expression is not dependent on glomerular filtration. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2004; 287(-1-):F95-F101. >>> Furosemide; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 1 week.

P6584 Hoecherl,K., Kees,F., Kraemer,B.K., Kurtz,A. Cyclosporine A attenuates the natriuretic action of loop diuretics by inhibition of renal COX-2 expression. Kidney International 2004; 65(-6-):2071-2080. >>> Furosemide; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 5 days; Functionality of mp verified by serum or urine furosemide levels via HPLC.

P6544 Buffin-Meyer,B., Younes-Ibrahim,M., El Mernissi,G., Cheval,L., Marsy,S., Grima,M., Girolami,J.P., Doucet,A. Differential regulation of collecting duct Na+,K+-ATPase and K+ excretion by furosemide and piretanide: Role of bradykinin. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2004; 15(-4-):876-884. >>> Furosemide; dexmethasone; diretanide; aldosterone; Hoe 140; Saline; SC; IP; Rat; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy); solution was a pH 9.0; a third group was adrenalectomized and given dexamethasone and aldosterone by a SC ALZET pump; in a fifth set of experiments Hoe140 was infused SC.

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17. Guanabenz

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18. Hydralazine

Q0818 Kawamura,M., Itoh,H., Yura,S., Mogami,H., Fujii,T., Kanayama,N., Konishi,I. Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Candesartan Cilexetil, but Not Hydralazine Hydrochloride, Protects Against Mouse Cardiac Enlargement Resulting From Undernutrition In Utero. REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES 2009; 16(-10-):1005-1012. >>> Hydralazine hydrochloride; candesartan cilexetil; Water, distilled; sodium carbonate; SC; Mice; 2004; 8 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (9-17 wks old, normally nourished); long-term study; pumps replaced after 4 weeks; Figure 3b, image of pump implantation location.

Q0389 van den Borne,S.W.M., van de Schans,V.A.M., Strzelecka,A.E., Vervoort-Peters,H.T.M., Lijnen,P.M., Cleutjens,J.P.M., Smits,J.F.M., Daemen,M.J.A.P., Janssen,B.J.A., Blankesteijn,W.M. Mouse strain determines the outcome of wound healing after myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular Research 2009; 84(-2-):273-282. >>> Metaprolol; hydralazine; SC; Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Controls were sham operated; animal info (male, 10-12 wks old, 129S6/SvEv); myocardial infarction by coronary artery ligation.

P9488 Baumann,M., Janssen,B.J.A., Hermans,J.J., Bartholome,R., Smits,J.F.M., Struijker-Boudier,H.A.J. Renal medullary effects of transient prehypertensive treatment in young spontaneously hypertensive rats. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA 2009; 196(-2-):231-237. >>> Losartan; zVAD; valproate; hydralazine; SC; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; enzyme inhibitor (glycogen synthase kinase 3B, GSK, pan caspase); animal info (WKY, SHR, 4-8 wks old).

P9272 Li,Y.W., Takemura,G., Okada,H., Miyata,S., Maruyama,R., Esaki,M., Kanamori,H., Li,L.H., Ogino,A., Ohno,T., Kondo,T., Nakagawa,M., Minatoguchi,S., Fujiwara,T., Fujiwara,H. Molecular signaling mediated by angiotensin II type 1A receptor blockade leading to attenuation of renal dysfunction-associated heart failure. JOURNAL OF CARDIAC FAILURE 2007; 13(-2-):155-162. >>> Valsartan; hydralazine; SC; Mice; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; nephrectomy; no stress (see pg. 156); cardiovascular; animal info (male, C57BL/6, wt, AT1KO, 10 wks old); nephrology.

P9054 Hao,Q., Su,H., Marchuk,D.A., Rola,R., Wang,Y.Q., Liu,W.Z., Young,W.L., Yang,G.Y. Increased tissue perfusion promotes capillary dysplasia in the ALK1-deficient mouse brain following VEGF stimulation. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2008; 295(-6-):H2250-H2256. >>> Hydralazine; nicardipine; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (adult, male, ALK1 +/-); fig. 1 illustrates cannula placement; cannula placement verified by CBF measurements.

P8901 Baumann,M., Janssen,B.J.A., Hermans,J.J.R., Peutz-Kootstra,C., Witzke,O., Smits,J.F.M., Boudier,H.A.J.S. Transient AT1 receptor-inhibition in prehypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rats results in maintained cardiac protection until advanced age. Journal of Hypertension 2007; 25(-1-):207-215. >>> Losartan; hydralazine; SC; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; animal info (Wistar-Kyoto, SHR, 1 month old); nephrology.

P8776 Baumann,M., Bartholome,R., Peutz-Kootstra,C.J., Smits,J.F.M., Struijker-Boudier,H.A.J. Sustained tubulo-interstitial protection in SHRs by transient losartan treatment: An effect of decelerated aging?. American Journal of Hypertension 2008; 21(-2-):177-182. >>> Losartan; hydralazine; antibody, anti-TGF-B1; antibody, anti-IgG-K1; SC; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; animal info (male, Wistar-Kyoto, SHR, 4 wks old).

P8687 Ikeda,F., Azuma,K., Ogihara,T., Toyofuku,Y., Otsuka,A., Mita,T., Hirose,T., Tanaka,Y., Kawamori,R., Watada,H. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker reduces monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Endocrine Journal 2007; 54(-4-):605-612. >>> Valsartan; hydralazine; PEG 400; Rat; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (table 1, p. 608); cardiovascular; antihypertensive; animal info (10 weeks, male, SHR/IZM); valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker; hydralazine is a vasodilator.

P8618 Kanamori,H., Takemura,G., Li,Y., Okada,H., Maruyama,R., Aoyama,T., Miyata,S., Esaki,M., Ogino,A., Nakagawa,M. Inhibition of Fas-associated apoptosis in granulation tissue cells accompanies attenuation of postinfarction left ventricular remodeling by olmesartan. American Journal of Physiology- Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2007; 292(-5-):H2184-H2194. >>> Hydralazine; olmesartan; SC; Mice; 4 weeks; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; cardiovascular; animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 10 weeks old, left coronary artery ligation; ischemia (cardiac).

P8612 Ito,N., Ohishi,M., Yamamoto,K., Tatara,Y., Shiota,A., Hayashi,N., Komai,N., Yanagitani,Y., Rakugi,H., Ogihara,T. Renin-angiotensin inhibition reverses advanced cardiac remodeling in aging spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am.J.Hypertens. 2007/7; 20(-7-):792-799. >>> Temocaprilat; olmesartan; hydralazine; IV (vena cava); Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; enzyme inhibitor (ACE); cardiovascular; antihypertensive; animal info (male, SHR, 50 weeks old, male, Wistar-Kyoto, 10 weeks old).

P6861 Fischer,J.W., Hawkins,S., Clowes,A.W. Pharmacologic inhibition of nitric oxide synthases and cyclooxygenases enhances intimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY 2004; 40(-1-):115-122. >>> Hydralazine; SC; Rat; 14 days; Controls received vehicle per gavage; cardiovascular; antihypertensive.

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19. Hydrochlorothiazide

P9509 Jang,H.R., Kim,S., Heo,N.J., Lee,J.H., Kim,H.S., Nielsen,S., Jeon,U.S., Oh,Y.K., Na,K.Y., Joo,K.W., Han,J.S. Effects of Thiazide on the Expression of TRPV5, Calbindin-D28K, and Sodium Transporters in Hypercalciuric Rats. Journal of Korean Medical Science 2009; 24(-;-):S161-S169. >>> Hydrochlorothiazide; Ethanolamine; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 6 wks old, 160-180 g.).

P7067 Lee,C.T., Shang,S.H., Lai,L.W., Yong,K.C., Lien,Y.H.H. Effect of thiazide on renal gene expression of apical calcium channels and calbindins. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2004; 287(-6-):F1164-F1170. >>> Hydrochlorothiazide; PEG 300; SC; Mice; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; antihypertensive.

P6654 Na,K.Y., Oh,Y.K., Han,J.S., Joo,K.W., Lee,J.S., Earm,J.H., Knepper,M.A., Kim,G.H. Upregulation of Na+ transporter abundances in response to chronic thiazide or loop diuretic treatment in rats. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2003; 284(-1-):F133-F143. >>> Furosemide; hydrochlorothiazide; Ethanolamine; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by daily urine analysis; no stress (see pg. F135); antihypertensive.

P6121 Kim,G.H., Na,K.Y., Kim,S.Y., Joo,K.W., Oh,Y.K., Chae,S.W., Endou,H., Han,J.S. Up-regulation of organic anion transporter 1 protein is induced by chronic furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide infusion in rat kidney. NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION 2003; 18(-8-):1505-1511. >>> Furosemide; hydrochlorothiazide; Ethanolamine; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Agents dissolved in 1.7% ethanolamine.

P3781 Loffing,J., Loffing-Cueni,D., Hegyi,I., Kaplan,M.R., Hebert,S.C., Le Hir,M., Kaissling,B. Thiazide treatment of rats provokes apoptosis in distal tubule cells. Kidney Int. 1996; 50(--):1180-1190. >>> Metolazone; Hydrochlorothiazide; PEG 300; SC; rat; 2ML1; 3 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; dose-response; no stress (see pg. 1183); toxicology.

P2070 Morsing,P., Velazquez,H., Wright,F.S., Ellison,D.H. Adaptation of distal convoluted tubule of rats, effects of chronic thiazide infusion. Am.J.Physiol. 1991; 261(--):F137-F143. >>> Hydrochlorothiazide; PEG 300; SC; rat; 2ML1; 10-14 days; antihypertensive.

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20. Imidapril

P5298 Kurosawa,Y., Katoh,M., Doi,H., Narita,H. Tissue Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity plays an important role in pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis in rats. J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol 2002/4; 39(-4-):600-609. >>> Imidapril; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; enzyme inhibitor; imidapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.

P5293 Kakoki,M., Hirata,Y., Hayakawa,H., Tojo,A., Nagata,D., Suzuki,E., Kimura,K., Goto,A., Kikuchi,K., Nagano,T., Omata,M. Effects of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia on endothelin type B receptor-mediated nitric oxide release from rat kidney. Circulation 1999/3/9; 99(-9-):1242-1248. >>> Imidapril; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Cardiovascular; enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor).

P4062 Hirata,Y., Hayakawa,H., Kakoki,M., Tojo,A., Suzuki,E., Kimura,K., Goto,A., Kikuchi,K., Nagano,T., Hirobe,M., Omata,M. Nitric oxide release from kidneys of hypertensive rats treated with imidapril. Hypertension 1996; 27(-pt 2-):672-678. >>> Imidapril; Saline, sterile; SC; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; dose-response (1 or 10 mg/kg); antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

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21. Isoproterenol

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22. Ketanserin

P9838 Lairez,O., Calise,D., Bianchi,P., Ordener,C., Spreux-Varoquaux,O., Guilbeau-Frugier,C., Escourrou,G., Seif,I., Roncalli,J., Pizzinat,N., Galinier,M., Parini,A., Mialet-Perez,J. Genetic deletion of MAO-A promotes serotonin-dependent ventricular hypertrophy by pressure overload. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2009; 46(-4-):587-595. >>> Ketanserin; M100907; DMSO; saline; hydrochloric acid; IP; Mice; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Tg8 MAO-A KO, wt, 10 wks old); 10% DMSO used; 5-HT2A receptor antagonists.

P5895 Jorgensen,H., Knigge,U., Kjaer,A., Warberg,J. Serotonergic involvement in stress-induced vasopressin and oxytocin secretion. European Journal of Endocrinology 2002; 147(-6-):815-824. >>> Ketanserin; Ly-53857; ICS-205930; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2ML4; 24 hours; Stylet used; pump implanted IP; drugs were 5-ht antagonists.

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23. Losartan

Q0943 Westhoff,J.H., Hilgers,K.F., Steinbach,M.P., Hartner,A., Klanke,B., Amann,K., Melk,A. Hypertension Induces Somatic Cellular Senescence in Ratsand Humans by Induction of Cell Cycle Inhibitor p16INK4a. Hypertension 2008; 52(--):1-7. >>> Losartan; IP; Rat (transgenic); 4 weeks; Animal info (TgR, 12 wks old, Sprague Dawley Hannover).

Q0895 Sopel,M.J., Rosin,N.L., Lee,T.D.G., Legare,J.F. Myocardial fibrosis in response to Angiotensin II is preceded by the recruitment of mesenchymal progenitor cells. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION 2011; 91(-4-):565-578. >>> Angiotensin II; losartan; SC; Mice; 1, 3, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (male, C57BL/6, Tie2-GFP); peptides; 7 mm wound clips used.

Q0854 da Silva,A.Q.G., Fontes,M.A.P., Kanagy,N.L. Chronic infusion of angiotensin receptor antagonists in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus prevents hypertension in a rat model of sleep apnea. Brain Research 2011; 1368(-;-):231-238. >>> A-779; losartan; ZD7155; PD123319; muscimol); CSF/CNS (paraventricular nucleus); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-300 g); bilateral guide cannula used.

Q0851 Thatcher,S.E., Zhang,X.A., Howatt,D.A., Lu,H., Gurley,S.B., Daugherty,A., Cassis,L.A. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Deficiency in Whole Body or Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Increases Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor(-/-) Mice. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 31(-4-):758-U87. >>> Losartan; angiotensin II; angiotensin (1-7); SC; Mice; 2001; 1004; 7, 28 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (Ace2 -/y, 2 mo old); peptides.

Q0674 Grobe,J.L., Buehrer,B.A., Hilzendeger,A.M., Liu,X.B., Davis,D.R., Xu,D., Sigmund,C.D. Angiotensinergic Signaling in the Brain Mediates Metabolic Effects of Deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-Salt in C57 Mice. Hypertension 2011; 57(-3-):600-607. >>> Losartan; angiotensin II; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; SC; Mice; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 6-8 wks old); peptides.

Q0451 Sanchez,S.I., Arce,M.E., Fuentes,L.B., Ciuffo,G.M. Prenatal blockade of Ang II receptors affects neonatal rat hindbrain structure and receptor localization. Experimental Neurology 2009; 220(-2-):246-254. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; losartan; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2001; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (pregnant, Wistar, 230-250 g).

Q0407 Ployngam,T., Katz,S.S., Collister,J.P. Role of the median preoptic nucleus in the chronic hypotensive effect of losartan in sodium-replete normal rats. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 2010; 37(-1-):e7-e13. >>> Losartan; Saline; IP; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 275-350 g); incorrectly stated pump rate as 5 ul/min.

Q0309 Wang,W.D., Li,C.L., Summer,S., Falk,S., Schrier,R.W. Interaction between vasopressin and angiotensin II in vivo and in vitro: effect on aquaporins and urine concentration. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2010; 299(-3-):F577-F584. >>> Vasopressin, 1-desamino-8-D arginine; losartan; SC; Rat; 1003D; 2 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Wistar, 180-220 g).

Q0268 Mustonen,E., Pohjolainen,V., Aro,J., Pikkarainen,S., Leskinen,H., Ruskoaho,H., Rysae,J. Upregulation of cardiac matrix Gla protein expression in response to hypertrophic stimuli. Blood Pressure 2009; 18(-5-):286-293. >>> Angiotensin II; losartan; NaCl; SC; Rat; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, 2 months old, Sprague-Dawley , 250-300 g, SHR, WKY); one group contained angiotensin II and losartan in same pump.

Q0044 Huang,B.S., Ahmad,M., Tan,J.H., Leenen,F.H.H. Chronic central versus systemic blockade of AT1 receptors and cardiac dysfunction in rats post-myocardial infarction. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2009; 297(-3-):H968-H975. >>> Losartan; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (Wistar, 200-250 g, MI); ischemia (cardiac); comparison of SC injections vs. mp.

Q0026 Owens,AP III, Subramanian,V., Moorleghen,J.J., Guo,Z.H., McNamara,C.A., Cassis,L.A., Daugherty,A. Angiotensin II Induces a Region-Specific Hyperplasia of the Ascending Aorta Through Regulation of Inhibitor of Differentiation 3. Circulation Research 2010; 106(-3-):611-U108. >>> Angiotensin II; norepinephrine; losartan; Saline; Mice; 4 weeks; 28 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; peptides; cardiovascular; animal info (male, C57BL/6, AT1aR -/-, p47phox -/-, Id3 -/-); functionality of mp verified by systolic blood pressure.

Q0017 Hotta,H., Miura,T., Miki,T., Togashi,N., Maeda,T., Kim,S.J., Tanno,M., Yano,T., Kuno,A., Itoh,T., Satoh,T., Terashima,Y., Ishikawa,S., Shimamoto,K. Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-Mediated Upregulation of Calcineurin Activity Underlies Impairment of Cardioprotective Signaling in Diabetic Hearts. Circulation Research 2010; 106(-1-):129-U260. >>> Valsartan; losartan; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Cardiovascular; animal info (OLETF, LETO, 25-30 weeks old); ischemia (cardiac).

P9923 Zhou,N., Li,L., Wu,J.A., Gong,H., Niu,Y.H., Sun,A.J., Ge,J.B., Zou,Y.Z. Mechanical stress-evoked but angiotensin II-independent activation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor induces cardiac hypertrophy through calcineurin pathway. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2010; 397(-2-):263-269. >>> FK-506; losartan; PBS; SC; Mice; 2002; ; Controls received mp w/vehicle; animal info (atg -/-, 8-10 wks old).

P9716 Lacchini,S., Heimann,A.S., Evangelista,F.S., Cardoso,L., Silva,G.J.J., Krieger,J.E. Cuff-induced vascular intima thickening is influenced by titration of the Ace gene in mice. PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS 2009; 37(-3-):225-230. >>> Angiotensin II; losartan; SC; Mice; 2 weeks; Peptides; animal info (adult, male).

P9640 Kang,Y.M., Ma,Y., Zheng,J.P., Elks,C., Sriramula,S., Yang,Z.M., Francis,J. Brain nuclear factor-kappa B activation contributes to neurohumoral excitation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Cardiovascular Research 2009; 82(-3-):503-512. >>> Angiotensin II; losartan; pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate; tempol; Saline; CSF, artificial; IV (femoral); CSF/CNS; Rat; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/vehicle; peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (adult, male, Sprague-Dawley, 275-300g); bilateral cannula used for multiple drug infusions.

P9604 Xia,H.J., Feng,Y.M., Obr,T.D., Hickman,P.J., Lazartigues,E. Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-Mediated Reduction of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Activity in the Brain Impairs Baroreflex Function in Hypertensive Mice. Hypertension 2009; 53(-2-):210-U192. >>> Losartan; PD123319; Saline; SC; Mice (transgenic); 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/vehicle; animal info (10-12 wks old, 25-3 Og, RA).

P9459 Wei,S.G., Yu,Y., Zhang,Z.H., Felder,R.B. Angiotensin II upregulates hypothalamic AT1 receptor expression in rats via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2009; 296(-5-):H1425-H1433. >>> Angiotensin II; losartan; PD-98059; SP-600125; SB-203580; Saline; DMSO; CSF, artificial; SC; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; enzyme inhibitor (MAP kinase, Jun N-terminal kinase); cardiovascular; peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 275-300 g.); cannula placement confirmed at end of study; 0.1%-0.5% DMSO used.

P9146 Zhang,Z.H., Yu,Y., Kang,Y.M., Wei,S.G., Felder,R.B. Aldosterone acts centrally to increase brain renin-angiotensin system activity and oxidative stress in normal rats. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2008; 294(-2-):H1067-H1074. >>> Aldosterone; RU-28318; Tempol; losartan; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250-300 g.); silastic tubing used; dental cement used.

P9053 Kang,Y.M., Ma,Y., Elks,C., Zheng,J.P., Yang,Z.M., Francis,J. Cross-talk between cytokines and renin-angiotensin in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in heart failure: role of nuclear factor-kappa B. Cardiovascular Research 2008; 79(-4-):671-678. >>> Losartan; SN50; tempol; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250-275 g.); pumps were primed in 0.9% saline for 24 hours; SN50 is a synthetic protein.

P9037 Lazartigues,E., Sinnayah,P., Augoyard,G., Gharib,C., Johnson,A.K., Davisson,R.L. Enhanced water and salt intake in transgenic mice with brain-restricted overexpression of angiotensin (AT1) receptors. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2008; 295(-5-):R1539-R1545. >>> Losartan; Mice (transgenic); 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (NSE-AT1A); PE50 tubing used.

P8962 Rysa,J., Aro,J., Ruskoaho,H. Early left ventricular gene expression profile in response to increase in blood pressure. Blood Pressure 2006; 15(-6-):375-383. >>> Angiotensin II; losartan; Saline; SC; Rat; 2 weeks, 3 days; 6, 12 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 3 months old, 250-300 g.).

P8945 Mustonen,E., Aro,J., Puhakka,J., Ilves,M., Soini,Y., Leskinen,H., Ruskoaho,H., Rysae,J. Thrombospondin-4 expression is rapidly upregulated by cardiac overload. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2008; 373(-2-):186-191. >>> Angiotensin II; losartan; NaCl; SC; Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley); myocardial infarction by coronary artery ligation.

P8890 Hobara,N., Goda,M., Yoshida,N., Takatori,S., Kitamura,Y., Mio,M., Kawasaki,H. Angiotensin II type 2 receptors facilitate reinnervation of phenol-lesioned vascular calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerves in rat mesenteric arteries. Neuroscience 2007; 150(-3-):730-741. >>> Angiotensin II; nerve growth factor; PD123319; losartan; Saline; water; IP; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by systolic blood pressure; peptides; post op. care (penicillin); animal info (8 wks old, Wistar).

P8767 Johansson,M.E., Andersson,I.J., Alexanderson,C., Skott,O., Holmaeng,A., Bergstroem,G. Hyperinsulinemic rats are normotensive but sensitized to angiotensin II. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2008; 294(-4-):R1240-R1247. >>> Insulin; losartan; SC; Rat; 6 weeks; Controls received mp w/ no treatment; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (female, Sprague Dawley, 180g.); endocrinology.

P8627 Huang,B.S., Ahmad,M., Tan,J., Leenen,F.H.H. Sympathetic hyperactivity and cardiac dysfunction post-MI: Different impact of specific CNS versus general AT1 receptor blockade. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2007; 43(-4-):479-486. >>> Losartan; spironolactone; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; no stress (see pg. 483); cardiovascular; ischemia (cardiac); animal info (male, wistar, 200-250g, coronary artery ligation MI).

P8601 Physiologica,A. Losartan decreases vasopressin-mediated cAMP accumulation in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in rats with congestive heart failure. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA 2007; 190(-4-):339-350. >>> Losartan; IP; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received no treatment; cardiovascular; post op. care (buprenorphine); ischemia (cardiac); animal info (male, Wistar, 250 grams, left anterior descending coronary artery ligation).

P8595 Lu,H., Boustany-Kari,C.M., Daugherty,A., Cassis,L.A. Angiotensin II increases adipose angiotensinogen expression. American Journal of Physiology- Endocrinology And Metabolism 2007; 292(-5-):E1280-E1287. >>> Angiotensin II; losartan; Saline; SC; Mice; 2001; 2004; 7,28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides; endocrinology; animal info (male, C57BL/6, 6-8 weeks old).

P8524 Jiang,F., Jones,G.T., Dusting,G.J. Failure of antioxidants to protect against angiotensin II-induced aortic rupture in aged apolipoprotein(E)-deficient mice. British Journal of Pharmacology 2007; 152(-6-):880-890. >>> Angiotensin II; losartan; SC; Mice; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by systolic blood pressure; no stress (see pg. 882); cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, ApoE -/-, 50-60 weeks old, 30 grams).

P8229 Chen,P., Scicli,G.M., Guo,M., Fenstermacher,J.D., Dahl,D., Edwards,P.A., Scicli,A.G. Role of angiotensin II in retinal leukostasis in the diabetic rat. Experimental Eye Research 2006; 83(-5-):1041-1051. >>> Losartan; IP; Rat; 2 weeks; Controls received no treatment; replacement therapy (STZ-induced diabetes); animal info (male, Long-Evans, 200-225 grams); Ang II-AT1 receptor antagonist.

P8128 Hartner,A., Cordasic,N., Klanke,B., Wittmann,M., Veelken,R., Hilgers,K.F. Renal injury in streptozotocin-diabetic Ren2-transgenic rats is mainly dependent on hypertension, not on diabetes. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2007; 292(-2-):F820-F827. >>> Losartan; IP; Rat; rat (transgenic); 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; replacement therapy (STZ-induced diabetes mellitus); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley-Hanover, ren-2 Tg, 12 wks old, 250g.).

P8106 Liu,D.M., Gao,L., Roy,S.K., Cornish,K.G., Zucker,I.H. Neuronal angiotensin II type 1 receptor upregulation in heart failure - Activation of activator protein 1 and jun N-terminal kinase. Circulation Research 2006; 99(-9-):1004-1011. >>> Angiotensin II; losartan; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rabbit; 2001; 6 days; Controls received no treatment; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, New Zealand White, 3.2-4.1 kg., CHF).

P7727 Christoffersen,T.E.H., Aplin,M., Strom,C.C., Sheikh,S.P., Skott,O., Busk,P.K., Haunso,S., Nielsen,L.B. Increased natriuretic peptide receptor A and C gene expression in rats with pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2006; 290(-4-):H1635-H1641. >>> Losartan; Saline, isotonic; SC; Rat; 1,2,4 weeks; Controls received mp/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, wistar, 70-90g).

P7229 Gao,L., Wang,W., Li,Y.L., Schultz,H.D., Liu,D.M., Cornish,K.G., Zucker,I.H. Sympathoexcitation by central ANG II: Roles for AT1 receptor upregulation and NAD(P)H oxidase in RVLM. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2005; 288(-5-):H2271-H2279. >>> Angiotensin II; losartan; Saline, isotonic; CSF/CNS; Rabbit; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides; cyanoacrylate adhesive; cannula position verified by Evans blue dye.

P7163 Inokuchi,Y., Morohashi,T., Kawana,I., Nagashima,Y., Kihara,M., Umemura,S. Amelioration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid induced colitis in angiotensinogen gene knockout mice. Gut 2005; 54(-3-):349-356. >>> Losartan; SC; Mice (knockout); 21 days; Controls received mp w/ normal saline, comparison of oral delivery vs. mp, immunology.

P6878 Porter,J.P., Phillips,A., Rich,J., Wright,D. Effect of chronic stress on the cardiac baroreflex in the post-weanling rat. LIFE SCIENCES 2004; 75(-13-):1595-1607. >>> Losartan; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 1597); ALZET brain infusion kit used; "The minipumps were tolerated well. Rats appeared healthy...and gained weight as expected." (p. 1597).

P6843 Zimmerman,M.C., Lazartigues,E., Sharma,R.V., Davisson,R.L. Hypertension caused by angiotensin II infusion involves increased superoxide production in the central nervous system. Circulation Research 2004; 95(-2-):210-216. >>> Angiotensin II; losartan; SC; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; cardiovascular; peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); AT1 receptor antagonists.

P6676 Marshall,R.P., Gohlke,P., Chambers,R.C., Howell,D.C., Bottoms,S.E., Unger,T., McAnulty,R.J., Laurent,G.J. Angiotensin II and the fibroproliferative response to acute lung injury. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 286(-1-):L156-L164. >>> Losartan; Saline; SC; Rat; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; pump model not listed.

P6580 Lindley,T.E., Doobay,M.F., Sharma,R.V., Davisson,R.L. Superoxide is involved in the central nervous system activation and sympathoexcitation of myocardial infarction-induced heart failure. Circulation Research 2004; 94(-3-):402-409. >>> Losartan; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1007D; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

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24. Metoprolol

Q0301 Mustonen,E., Leskinen,H., Aro,J., Luodonpaeae,M., Vuolteenaho,O., Ruskoaho,H., Rysae,J. Metoprolol Treatment Lowers Thrombospondin-4 Expression in Rats with Myocardial Infarction and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. BASIC&CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY&TOXICOLOGY 2010; 107(-3-):709-717. >>> Metoprolol; SC; Rat; 2 weeks; Controls received sham operation; animal info (Male, 2 mo old, Sprague-Dawley, 250-300 g, male 12 mo old, SHR, 360-490 g).

P9921 Mason,R.P., Kubant,R., Jacob,R.F., Malinski,P., Huang,X.Y., Louka,F.R., Borowiec,J., Mizuno,Y., Malinski,T. Loss of Arterial and Renal Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Hypertensive Rats With Diabetes: Effect of beta-Blockers. American Journal of Hypertension 2009; 22(-11-):1160-1166. >>> Nebivolol; metoprolol; DMSO; saline, sterile; SC; Rat; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; 50% DMSO used; animal info (7-9 wks old, male, Wistar-Kyoto, SH, 250 g).

P9842 Lin,R., Peng,H., Nguyen,L.P., Dudekula,N.B., Shardonofsky,F., Knoll,B.J., Parra,S., Bond,R.A. Changes in beta-2-adrenoceptor and other signaling proteins produced by chronic administration of beta-blockers in a murine asthma model. Pulmonary Pharmacology&Therapeutics 2008; 21(-1-):115-124. >>> ICI 118,551; metoprolol; DMSO; SC; Mice; 2001; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; half-life (p. 118) "short"; animal info (male, BALB/c, 6 wks old); 50% DMSO used; "ICI 118,551 requires implantation of osmotic minipumps due to it's short half-life" pg. 118.

P9756 Grebe,K.M., Hickman,H.D., Irvine,K.R., Takeda,K., Bennink,J.R., Yewdell,J.W. Sympathetic nervous system control of anti-influenza CD8+ T cell responses. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2009; 106(-13-):5300-5305. >>> Nadolol; phentolamin; metoprolol; ICI 118.551; DMSO; saline; SC; Mice; ; Controls received mp w/vehicle; animal info (female, 6-8 wks old); 50% DMSO used.

P9165 Hanada,K., Asari,K., Saito,M., Kawana,J.I., Mita,M., Ogata,H. Comparison of pharmacodynamics between carvedilol and metoprolol in rats with isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy: Effects of carvedilol enantiomers. European Journal of Pharmacology 2008; 589(-1-3-):194-200. >>> Isoproterenol; metoprolol; carvedilol, S-; carvedilol, R-; Polyethylene glycol; water, distilled; IP; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Animal info (male, Wistar, 200-230 g.).

P9041 Signolet,I.L., Bousquet,P.P., Monassier,L.J.P. Improvement of cardiac Diastolic function by long-term centrally mediated sympathetic inhibition in one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rabbits. American Journal of Hypertension 2008; 21(-1-):54-60. >>> Rilmenidine; metoprolol; SC; Rabbit; 2ML2; 6 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (New Zealand, White, 4-6 wks old, male, 0.7-0.9 kg., nephrectomized); long-term study.

P8804 Patrizio,M., Musumeci,M., Stati,T., Fecchi,K., Mattei,E., Catalano,L., Marano,G. Propranolol promotes Egr1 gene expression in cardiomyocytes via beta-adrenoceptors. European Journal of Pharmacology 2008; 587(-1-3-):85-89. >>> Propranolol; metoprolol; isoproterenol; SC; Mice; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, C57BL/6, wt, B1 and B2-adrenoceptor double K/O; 12 wks old).

P8761 Hildreth,C.M., Padley,J.R., Pilowsky,P.M., Goodchild,A.K. Impaired serotonergic regulation of heart rate may underlie reduced baroreflex sensitivity in an animal model of depression. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2008; 294(-1-):H474-H480. >>> Metoprolol; atropine methylnitrate; SC; Rat; 3 days; Cardiovascular; post op. care (carprofen, cephazolan); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley Flinders Resistive Line, Flinders Sensitive Line, 10-14 wks old).

P7039 Kitagawa,Y., Yamashita,D., Ito,H., Takaki,M. Reversible effects of isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy on in situ left ventricular function in rat hearts. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2004; 287(-1-):H277-H285. >>> Isoproterenol; metoprolol; Saline; ascorbic acid; SC; Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); cardiovascular.

P4481 Diabona,G.F, Sawin,L.L. Effect of metoprolol administration on renal sodium handling in experimental congestive heart failure.. Circulation 1999; 100(--):82-86. >>> Metoprolol;; Water, distilled;; IP;; rat;; 4 weeks;; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma metoprolol levels; antihypertensive; cardiovascular;.

P4051 Skantze,H.B., Kaplan,J., Pettersson,K., Manuck,S., Blomqvist,N., Kyes,R., Williams,K., Bondjers,G. Psychosocial stress causes endothelial injury in cynomolgus monkeys via b1-adrenoceptor activation. Atherosclerosis 1998; 136(--):153-161. >>> Atenolol; Metoprolol; monkey; 2ML1; no duration posted; controls received mp w/saline; antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

P3978 Latini,R., Masson,S., Jeremic,G., Luvara,G., Fiordaliso,F., Calvillo,L., Bernasconi,R., Torri,M., Rondelli,I., Razzetti,I., Bongrani,S. Comparative efficacy of a DA2/a2 agonist and a B-blocker in reducing adrenergic drive and cardiac fibrosis in an experimental model of left ventricular dysfunction after coronary artery occlusion. J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 1998; 31(--):601-608. >>> CHF-1024; Metoprolol; Ascorbic acid; Water, distilled; SC; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; cardiovascular; controls received mp w/vehicle.

P3010 Davila,D., Davila,T. The effect of continuous administration of adrenergic drugs on cardiovascular structures and plasma renin activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Proc.8th Cong.of Yug.Pharmac.Soc., Sept.1982 1982; (--):38-40. >>> Isoproterenol HCl; Phenoxybenzamine HCl; Phentolamine; Oxprenolol HCl; Metoprolol tartrate; SC; rat; 1701; 7 days; isoproterenol is a beta-adrenergic agonist; phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine are alpha-adrenergic blockers; oxoprenolol and metoprolol are beta-adrenergic blockers; antihypertensive.

P2297 Sun,Y.-P., Zhu,B.-Q., Sievers,R.E., Glantz,S.A., Parmley,W.W. Metoprolol does not attenuate atherosclerosis in lipid-fed rabbits exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Circulation 1994; 89(--):2260-2265. >>> Metoprolol; SC; rabbit; 10 weeks; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels of metoprolol; long-term study, pumps replaced every 3 weeks; antihypertensive.

P1955 Fu,L.X., Bergh,C.-H., Hoebeke,J., Liang,Q.M., Sjogren,K.G., Waagstein,F., Hjalmarson,A. Effect of metoprolol on activity of B-adrenoceptor coupled to guanine nucleotide binding regulatory proteins in adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity. Basic Res.Cardiol. 1991; 86(--):117-126. >>> Metoprolol; Saline; SC; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/ saline; toxicology; antihypertensive.

P1346 Johnson,D.A., Cortez,J.E. Chronic treatment with beta adrenergic agonists and antagonists alters the composition of proteins in rat parotid saliva. J.Dent.Res. 1988; 67(-8-):1103-1108. >>> Metoprolol; Propranolol; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; comparison of ip injections vs mp infusion; no stress; antihypertensive.

P1004 Angeras,U., Hasselgren,P.-O. Protein degradation in skeletal muscle during experimental hyperthyroidism in rats and the effect of beta-blocking agents. Endocrinology 1987; 120(--):1417-1421. >>> Metoprolol; Propranolol; Water; SC; rat; 2002; 11 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; antihypertensive.

P0159 Brenner,G.M., Wulf,R.G. Adrenergic beta receptors mediating submandibular salivary gland hypertrophy in the rat. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1981; 218(-3-):608-612. >>> Metoprolol; SC; Rat; 1701; ; Antihypertensive.

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25. Minoxidil HCl

P1899 Kuo,Y.-J., Keeton,T.K. Captopril increases norepinephrine spillover rate in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1991; 258(-1-):223-231. >>> Minoxidil HCl; Captopril; Enalaprilat; Acetic acid; Ethanol; Propylene glycol; Saline; Water; SC; rat; 5 days; no comment posted; antihypertensive.

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26. Moxonidine

R0228 Mukaddam-Daher,S., Gutkowska,J. Imidazoline receptors in the heart: a novel target and a novel mechanism of action that involves atrial natriuretic peptides. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2004; 37(-8-):1239-1245. >>> Moxonidine; Saline; SC; 2ML2; 2ML4; 1,4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (Fig.2); cardiovascular; antihypertensive; review.

P7027 El-Ayoubi,R., Menaouar,A., Gutkowska,J., Mukaddam-Daher,S. Imidazoline receptors but not alpha2-adrenoceptors are regulated in spontaneously hypertensive rat heart by chronic moxonidine treatment. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2004; 310(-2-):446-451. >>> Moxonidine; Saline, isotonic; NaOH; Rat; 2ML1; 2ML4; 1,4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); cardiovascular; antihypertensive.

P6728 Van Kerckhoven,R., van Veghel,R., Saxena,P.R., Schoemaker,R.G. Pharmacological therapy can increase capillary density in post-infarction remodeled rat hearts. Cardiovascular Research 2004; 61(-3-):620-629. >>> Moxonidine; Saline, acidified; SC; Rat; 2001; 21 days; Pumps replaced every 7 days; cardiovascular.

P5435 Menaouar,A., El Ayoubi,R., Jankowski,M., Gutkowska,J., Mukaddam-Daher,S. Chronic imidazoline receptor activation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. American Journal of Hypertension 2002; 15(-9-):803-808. >>> Moxonidine; Saline, isotonic; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p. 806-807); cardiovascular; antihypertensive; imidazoline receptor agonist.

P5364 Van Kerckhoven,R., Saxena,P.R., Schoemaker,R.G. Restored capillary density in spared myocardium of infarcted rats improves ischemic tolerance. J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 2002/9; 40(-3-):370-380. >>> Moxonidine; Saline; SC; Rat; 2001; 21 days; Pumps replaced every week; myocardial infarction; ischemia (cardiac).

P4948 Van Kerckhoven,R., van Veen,T.A.B., Boomsma,F., Saxena,P.R., Schoemaker,R.G. Chronic administration of moxonidine suppresses sympathetic activation in a rat heart failure model. European Journal of Pharmacology 2000; 397(--):113-120. >>> Moxonidine; Saline buffer; SC; rat; 2001; 20 days; controls received sham surgery; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; Moxonidine is an imidazoline I receptor agonist; rats had received coronary artery ligation, myocardial infarction..

P3982 Ernsberger,P., Koletsky,R.J., Collins,L.A., Bedol,D. Sympathetic nervous system in salt-sensitive and obese hypertension: amelioration of multiple abnormalities by a central sympatholytic agent. Cardiovasc.Drugs&Therapy 1996; 10(--):275-282. >>> Moxonidine free base; Acetic acid; DMSO; rat; 28 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; comparison of moxonidine in drinking water vs. mp; cardiovascular.

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27. Nicardipine

Q0590 Ingram,E.A., Toyoda,I., Wen,X.L., Buckmaster,P.S. Prolonged infusion of inhibitors of calcineurin or L-type calcium channels does not block mossy fiber sprouting in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2009; 50(-1-):56-64. >>> Nicardipine; FK506; cyclosporin A; DMSO; ethanol; fluorescein; CSF/CNS (dorsal left dentate gyrus); Rat; 2004; 28 days; Controls were treated identically without status epilepticus; animal info (34-52 day old, male, Sprague-Dawley, status epilepticus); functionality of mp verified by fluorescein labeling; ALZET brain infusion kit 2 used; 50% DMSO used; 15% ethanol used.

Q0062 Fossat,P., Dobremez,E., Bouali-Benazzouz,R., Favereaux,A., Bertrand,S.S., Kilk,K., Leger,C., Cazalets,J.R., Langel,U., Landry,M., Nagy,F. Knockdown of L Calcium Channel Subtypes: Differential Effects in Neuropathic Pain. Journal of Neuroscience 2010; 30(-3-):1073-1085. >>> Nicardipine; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1007D; 5 days; Animal info (adult, Wistar, 250-300 g.); PE-10 catheter used.

P4055 Kurooka,M., Hongyo,T., Nakajima,H., Baskar,R., Li,L.Y., Fukuda,K., Sutoh,K., Miyata,M., Matsuda,M., Nomura,T. High incidence of esophageal cancer in esophageal achalasia by the oral administration of N-amyl-N-methylnitrosamine and its prevention by nicardipine hydrochloride in mice. Cancer Letters 1998; 127(--):55-61. >>> Nicardipine HCl; SC; mice; 2002; no duration posted; calcium-channel blocker; cancer; antihypertensive.

P1991 Hewitt,K., Corbett,D. Combined treatment with MK-801 and nicardipine reduces global ischemic damage in the gerbil. Stroke 1992; 23(-1-):82-86. >>> Nicardipine; SC; gerbil; 1003D; 3 days; no comment posted; antihypertensive; ischemia (cerebral).

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28. Nifedipine

Q0332 Hajagos-Toth,J., Kormanyos,Z., Falkay,G., Pal,A., Gaspar,R. Potentiation of the uterus-relaxing effects of beta-adrenergic agonists with nifedipine: studies on rats and the human myometrium. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2010; 89(-10-):1284-1289. >>> Nifedipine; salmeterol xinafoate; PEG 400; ethanol; saline, physiologic; methanol; water; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML1; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Sprague-Dawley, mature, female, 180-200 g, male, 240-260 g); multiple pumps per animal (2).

Q0127 Kaimoto,T., Yasuda,O., Ohishi,M., Mogi,M., Takemura,Y., Suhara,T., Ogihara,T., Fukuo,K., Rakugi,H. Nifedipine Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Dedifferentiation via Downregulation of Akt Signaling. Hypertension 2010; 56(-2-):247-U133. >>> Nifedipine; Ethanol; IV (jugular); Rat; 2ML4; 3 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 12 weeks old, balloon injury model).

P8619 Stoller,D., Kakkar,R., Smelley,M., Chalupsk,K., Earley,J.U., Shi,N.Q., Makielski,J.C., McNally,E.M. Mice lacking sulfonylurea receptor 2 (SUR2) ATP-sensitive potassium channels are resistant to acute cardiovascular stress. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2007; 43(-4-):445-454. >>> Nifedipine; DMSO; IP; Mice; 1002; >7 days; Controls received no treatment; functionality of mp verified by mp examination; cardiovascular; ischemia (cardiac); animal info (male, SUR2 -/-, wt FVB, 12-18 weeks old).

P8553 Gao,X., Iwai,M., Inaba,S., Tomono,Y., Kanno,H., Mogi,M., Horiuchi,M. Attenuation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression via inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B activity in inflammatory vascular injury. American Journal of Hypertension 2007; 20(-11-):1170-1175. >>> Nifedipine; verapamil; IP; Mice; 1002; 7,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or no treatment; dose-response (fig. 1); cardiovascular; animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 10-12 weeks old).

P7003 Vazquez,E., Coronel,I., Bautista,R., Romo,E., Villalon,C.M., vila-Casado,M.C., Soto,V., Escalante,B. Angiotensin II-dependent induction of AT2 receptor expression after renal ablation. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2005; 288(-1-):F207-F213. >>> PD123319; angiotensin II; nifedipine; SC; Rat; 7,14 days; Controls received no agent and/or sham renal ablation; replacement theraphy (nephrectomy); antihypertensive; peptides; AT2 receptor antagonist.

P5701 Jacques,D., Bkaily,G., Jasmin,G., D'Orleans-Juste,P., Chahine,M. Isradipine prevents the development of spontaneously occurring cardiac necrosis in cardiomyopathic hamster. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2003; 81(-2-):120-124. >>> Isradipine; nifedipine; DMSO; ethanol; glucose; SC; Hamster; 4 weeks; Comparison of SC, IP (p.121) injections vs. SC mp; cardiovascular; vehicle solution contained 5% DMSO, 5% ethanol&5% glucose; isradipine, also called PN200-110, is a calcium channel blocker.

P4716 Hirata,A., Igarashi,M., Yamaguchi,H., Suwabe,A, Daimon,M, Kato,T., Tominaga,M. Nifedipine supresses neointimal thickening by its inhibitory effect on vascular smooth muscle cell growth via a MEK-ERK pathway coupling with Pyk2.. British Journal of Pharmacology 2000; 131(--):1521-1530. >>> Nifedipine; PEG 400; Ethanol; SC; Rat; 2002; 17 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; 15% ethanol : 85% PEG 400 used as vehicle;.

P4250 Reid,K., Guo,T.-Z., Davies,M.F., Maze,M. Nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, restores the hypnotic response in rats made tolerant to the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1997; 283(-3-):993-999. >>> Dexmedetomidine; Nifedipine; SC; rat; 1007D; 2001; 2002; 7,14 days; controls received mp w/vehicle or sham surgery; comparison of s.c. injections vs. mp; agents infused concomitantly in different pumps; antihypertensive; tolerance.

P1179 Gengo,P., Skattebol,A., Moran,J.F., Gallant,S., Hawthorn,M., Triggle,D.J. Regulation by chronic drug administration of neuronal and cardiac calcium channel, beta-adrenoceptor and muscarinic receptor levels. Biochem.Pharmacol. 1988; 37(-4-):627-633. >>> Isoproterenol; Nifedipine; Propranolol; PEG 400; Saline; IP; IV (jugular); rat; 2ML1; 10, 20 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; mp connected to cannula in jugular vein; concomitant infusion of agents: nifedipine w/ PEG 400 and isoproterenol w/ saline infused i.p.,propranol w/ saline infused IV; antihypertensive.

P0300 Hall,C.E., Hungerford,S. Inhibition of DOC-salt and adrenal-regeneration hypertension with the calcium blocker nifedipine. Clin.Exp.Hypertens. 1982; A4(-7-):1217-1230. >>> Nifedipine; Ethanol; Propylene glycol; Water; SC; rat; 2001; 7-10 days; comparison of injection vs. mp infusion; pumps replaced after 7 days; antihypertensive.

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29. Nilvadipine

P3418 Kawamura,S., Li,Y., Shirasawa,M., Yasui,N., Fukasawa,H. Protective effect of nilvadipine on focal cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Neurol.Med.Chir. 1996; 36(--):151-155. >>> Nilvadipine; PEG; SC; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received vehicle infusion; antihypertensive; ischemia (cerebral).

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30. PD123319

Q0711 Yatabe,J., Yoneda,M., Yatabe,M.S., Watanabe,T., Felder,R.A., Jose,P.A., Sanada,H. Angiotensin III Stimulates Aldosterone Secretion from Adrenal Gland Partially via Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor But Not Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor. Endocrinology 2011; 152(-4-):1582-1588. >>> Angiotensin II; angiotensin III; angiotensin IV; angiotensin (1-7); PD123319; PBS; SC; Rat; 2002; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Sprague Dawley, 8 wks old); peptides.

Q0553 Erbanova,M., Thumova,M., Huskova,Z., Vaneckova,I., Vanourkova,Z., Mullins,J.J., Kramer,H.J., Buergelova,M., Rakusan,D., Cervenka,L. Impairment of the autoregulation of renal hemodynamics and of the pressure-natriuresis relationship precedes the development of hypertension in Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats. Journal of Hypertension 2009; 27(-3-):575-586. >>> PD 123319; SC; Rat; 2ML1; ; Controls received mp w/ isotonic saline; animal info (male, Cyp1a1-Ren-2, transgenic, 273 g).

Q0551 Fujita,T., Mogi,M., Min,L.J., Iwanami,J., Tsukuda,K., Sakata,A., Okayama,H., Iwai,M., Nahmias,C., Higaki,J., Horiuchi,M. Attenuation of Cuff-Induced Neointimal Formation by Overexpression of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor-Interacting Protein 1. Hypertension 2009; 53(-4-):688-U181. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; IP; Mice; ; Animal info (adult, male, ATIP1-transgenic, wt, 8 to 10 wks old); peptides.

Q0007 Carneiro-Ramos,M.S., Diniz,G.P., Nadu,A.P., Almeida,J., Vieira,R.L.P., Santos,R.A.S., Barreto-Chaves,M.L.M. Blockage of Angiotensin II type 2 receptor prevents thyroxine-mediated cardiac hypertrophy by blocking Akt activation. Basic Research In Cardiology 2010; 105(-3-):325-335. >>> PD123319; SC; Rat; 14 days; Cardiovascular; animal info (Wistar, 200-250 g); AT2R blocker.

P9977 Koitka,A., Cao,Z., Koh,P., Watson,A.M.D., Sourris,K.C., Loufrani,L., Soro-Paavonen,A., Walther,T., Woollard,K.J., Jandeleit-Dahm,K.A.M., Cooper,M.E., Allen,T.J. Angiotensin II subtype 2 receptor blockade and deficiency attenuate the development of atherosclerosis in an apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse model of diabetes. Diabetologia 2010; 53(-3-):584-592. >>> PD123319; Water, Milli Q; SC; Mice; 2004; 20 weeks; Long-term study; pumps replaced every 28 days; animal info (ApoE -/-, diabetic); diabetes.

P9926 Tesanovic,S., Vinh,A., Gaspari,T.A., Casley,D., Widdop,R.E. Vasoprotective and Atheroprotective Effects of Angiotensin (1-7) in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 30(-8-):1606-U215. >>> Angiotensin (1-7); PD 123319; A-779; NaCl; SC; Mice; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/vehicle; animal info (male, Apoe-/-, 6-wks old, 25-35 g).

P9861 Macova,M., Pavel,J., Saavedra,J.M. A peripherally administered, centrally acting angiotensin II AT2 antagonist selectively increases brain AT1 receptors and decreases brain tyrosine hydroxylase transcription, pituitary vasopressin and ACTH. Brain Research 2009; 1250(-;-):130-140. >>> PD123319; SC; Rat; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; half life (p. 147) "short"; animal info (Wistar-Hanover, male, 8 wks old).

P9620 Siddiqui,A.H., Ali,Q., Hussain,T. Protective Role of Angiotensin II Subtype 2 Receptor in Blood Pressure Increase in Obese Zucker Rats. Hypertension 2009; 53(-2-):256-261. >>> PD123319; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/vehicle; animal info (male, obese, lean, Zucker, 10-11 wks old).

P9253 Sampson,A.K., Moritz,K.M., Jones,E.S., Flower,R.L., Widdop,R.E., Denton,K.M. Enhanced angiotensin II type 2 receptor mechanisms mediate decreases in arterial pressure attributable to chronic low-dose angiotensin II in female rats. Hypertension 2008; 52(-4-):666-671. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 10, 13 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (table 1); no stress (see pg. 667); cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, female, Sprague Dawley, 9 wks old, 200-350 g.); behavioral testing (locomotor activity).

P9070 Angelis,E., Tse,M.Y., Adams,M.A., Pang,S.C. Effect of AT2 blockade on cardiac hypertrophy as induced by high dietary salt in the proatrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene-disrupted mouse. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2006; 84(-6-):625-634. >>> PD123319; SC; Mice; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; post op. care (buprenorphine hydrochloride); animal info (ANP -/-, 10 wks old, male); PD123319 is an AT2 antagonist.

P8989 Nagai,N., Izumi-Nagai,K., Oike,Y., Koto,T., Satofuka,S., Ozawa,Y., Yamashiro,K., Inoue,M., Tsubota,K., Umezawa,K., Ishida,S. Suppression of diabetes-induced retinal inflammation by blocking the angiotensin II type 1 receptor or its downstream nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY&VISUAL SCIENCE 2007; 48(-9-):4342-4350. >>> PD123319; PBS; DMSO; SC; Mice; 2001; 1 week; Controls received vehicle; replacement therapy (STZ-induced diabetes); dose-response (fig. 2); no stress (see pg. 4344); animal info (male, C57BL/6, 6-8 wks old); 0.25% DMSO used; AT2-Rblocker.

P8960 Chen,K., Merrill,D.C., Rose,J.C. The importance of angiotensin II subtype receptors for blood pressure control during mouse pregnancy. REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES 2007; 14(-7-):694-704. >>> PD123319; Saline; SC; Mice (pregnant); 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, C57BL/6J, wt, AT1a -/-).

P8888 Waseda,Y., Yasui,M., Nishizawa,Y., Inuzuka,K., Takato,H., Ichikawa,Y., Tagami,A., Fujimura,M., Nakao,S. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist reduces bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. RESPIRATORY RESEARCH 2008; 9(-;-):U1-U9. >>> PD123319; Saline; SC; Mice; 2002; 14 days; Animal info (adult, male, ICR).

P8693 Cohen,E.P., Fish,B.L., Sharma,M., Li,X.A., Moulder,J.E. Role of the angiotensin II type-2 receptor in radiation nephropathy. Translational Research 2007; 150(-2-):106-115. >>> PD123319; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 8 weeks; Angiotensin II blockers.

P8597 Miller,S.J., Norton,L.E., Murphy,M.P., Dalsing,M.C., Unthank,J.L. The role of the renin-angiotensin system and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rat mesenteric collateral growth impairment. American Journal of Physiology- Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2007; 292(-5-):H2523-H2531. >>> PD123319; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 7 days; Cardiovascular; animal info (male, SHR, 10 weeks old, mesenteric artery collateral growth model).

P8462 Suzuki,K., Han,G.D., Miyauchi,N., Hashimoto,T., Nakatsue,T., Fujioka,Y., Koike,H., Shimizu,F., Kawachi,H. Angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptors play opposite roles in regulating the barrier function of kidney glomerular capillary wall. American Journal of Pathology 2007; 170(-6-):1841-1853. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; CGP42112A; Water, distilled; SC; Rat; 15 days; 24,72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (Female, Brown Norway, 100-110g, 7-8 wks old); nephrology.

P8365 Diniz,G.P., Carneiro-Ramos,M.S., Barreto-Chaves,M.L.M. Angiotensin type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors mediate the increase in TGF-beta1 in thyroid hormone-induced cardiac hypertrophy. PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 454(-1-):75-81. >>> PD123319; SC; Rat; 15 days; Cardiovascular; animal info (Wistar, 220-250g.).

P7862 Ran,J.M., Hirano,T., Fukui,T., Saito,K., Kageyama,H., Okada,K., Adachi,M. Angiotensin II infusion decreases plasma adiponectin level via its type 1 receptor in rats: an implication for hypertension-related insulin resistance. METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL 2006; 55(-4-):478-488. >>> Angiotensin II, human; PD123319; CGP42112A; Saline; SC; Rat; 1007D; 2ML1; 2ML2; 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma angiotensin II levels; dose-response (table 1); no stress (see pg. 482); peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (male, Wistar, 8 wk. old, 400g.).

P7646 Hirano,T., Ran,J.M., Adachi,M. Opposing actions of angiotensin II type 1 and 2 receptors on plasma cholesterol levels in rats. Journal of Hypertension 2006; 24(-1-):103-108. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; CGP42112A; Saline; SC; Rat; 1007D; 2ML1; 2ML2; 2 weeks; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg.105); cardiovascular; peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (male, Wistar, 8 wk old, 400 g); Ang II plasma levels taken.

P7515 Lu,Q., Zhu,Y.Z., Wong,P.T.H. Neuroprotective effects of candesartan against cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats. NeuroReport 2005; 16(-17-):1963-1967. >>> PD123319; Saline; SC; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), male, 230-250 g); middle cerebral artery occlusion.

P6912 Lee,F.T.H., Cao,Z.M., Long,D.M., Panagiotopoulos,S., Jerums,G., Cooper,M.E., Forbes,J.M. Interactions between angiotensin II and NF-kappa B dependent pathways in modulating macrophage infiltration in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2004; 15(-8-):2139-2151. >>> PDTC; PD123319; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Diabetes; PDTC is (Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate).

P6721 Hashimoto,N., Maeshima,Y., Satoh,M., Odawara,M., Sugiyama,H., Kashihara,N., Matsubara,H., Yamasaki,Y., Makino,H. Overexpression of angiotensin type 2 receptor ameliorates glomerular injury in a mouse remnant kidney model. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2004; 286(-3-):F516-F525. >>> PD123319; SC; Mice; 2002; 6 weeks; Long-term study; pumps replaced every two weeks; AT2R specific antagonist.

P6675 Suzuki,H., Yamamoto,T., Ikegaya,N., Hishida,A. Dietary salt intake modulates progression of antithymocyte serum nephritis through alteration of glomerular angiotensin II receptor expression. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2004; 286(-2-):F267-F277. >>> PD123319; SC; Rat; 7 days; Agent is a AT2R blocker; pump model not listed.

P6606 Rizkalla,B., Forbes,J.M., Cooper,M.E., Cao,Z.M. Increased renal vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietins by angiotensin II infusion is mediated by both AT1 and AT2 receptors. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2003; 14(-12-):3061-3071. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; Sodium Chloride; acetic acid; water; SC; IP; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; blood pressure taken; cardiovascular; peptides; PD123319 was dissolved in water and infused with the IP pump.

P6466 Shiuchi,T., Iwai,M., Li,H.S., Wu,L., Min,L.J., Li,J.M., Okumura,M., Cui,T.X., Horiuchi,M. Angiotensin II type-1 receptor blocker valsartan enhances insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscles of diabetic mice. Hypertension 2004; 43(-5-):1003-1010. >>> Angiotensin II; valsartan; PD123319; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

P6461 Zhang,X.L., Lassila,M., Cooper,M.E., Cao,Z.M. Retinal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor is mediated by angiotensin type 1 and type 2 receptors. Hypertension 2004; 43(-2-):276-281. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; Sodium chloride; acetic acid; SC; Rat; 2002; 2004; 2,4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; STZ induced diabetes; multiple pumps per animal (2).

P6338 Cervenka,L., Horacek,V., Vaneckova,I., Hubacek,J.A., Oliverio,M.I., Coffman,T.M., Navar,L.G. Essential role of AT1A receptor in the development of 2KIC hypertension. Hypertension 2002; 40(-5-):735-741. >>> PD123319; IP; Mice; 1002; 26 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; comparison of acute PD infusion; pumps replaced on day 13; no stress (see pg. 737); cardiovascular; PD123319 is an AT2 receptor antagonist.

P6269 Chen,W.S., Sim,M.K. Effects of des-aspartate-angiotensin I on the expression of angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors in ventricles of hypertrophic rat hearts. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 2004; 117(-3-):207-212. >>> PD123319; Saline; IP; Rat; 2002; 4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; PD123319 is an AT2 antagonist.

P6255 Moulder,J.E., Fish,B.L., Cohen,E.P. Impact of angiotensin II type 2 receptor blockade on experimental radiation nephropathy. RADIATION RESEARCH 2004; 161(-3-):312-317. >>> PD123319; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 12 weeks; Comparison of SC injections vs. mp; long-term study; pumps replaced every 4 weeks; PD123319 is an AT2 blocker.

P6241 Mukawa,H., Toki,Y., Miyazaki,Y., Matsui,H., Okumura,K., Ito,T. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor blockade partially negates antihypertrophic effects of type 1 receptor blockade on pressure-overload rat cardiac hypertrophy. HYPERTENSION RESEARCH 2003; 26(-1-):89-95. >>> PD123319; Saline, isotonic; PEG; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; antihypertensive.

P6226 Cervenka,L., Vaneckova,I., Maly,J., Horacek,V., El Dahr,S.S. Genetic inactivation of the B2 receptor in mice worsens two-kidney, one-clip hypertension: role of NO and the AT2 receptor. Journal of Hypertension 2003; 21(-8-):1531-1538. >>> PD123319; IP; Mice; 1002; 27 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; pumps replaced on day 13; cardiovascular.

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31. Perindopril

P4534 Higaki,J., Aoki,M., Morishita,R, Kida,I, Taniyama,Y, Tomita,N., Yamamoto,K, Moriguchi,A., Kaneda,Y, Ogihara,T. In vivo evidence of the importance of cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy.. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol. 2000; 20(--):428-434. >>> Perindopril;; Saline; PEG 400;; IP;; rat;; 3 days;; controls received mp w/vehicle; cardiovascular;.

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32. Pindolol

P4963 Haddjeri,N., Blier,P. Effects of sustained (+/-)pindolol administration on serotonin neurotransmission in rats. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY&NEUROSCIENCE 2000; 25(--):378-388. >>> Pindolol; Saline; SC; rat; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of ip injections vs. mp;.

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33. Prazosin

Q0916 Yazaki,J., Aikawa,K., Shishido,K., Yanagida,T., Nomiya,M., Ishibashi,K., Haga,N., Yamaguchi,O. Alpha1-Adrenoceptor Antagonists Improve Bladder Storage Function Through Reduction of Afferent Activity in Rats With Bladder Outlet Obstruction. NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS 2011; 30(-3-):461-467. >>> Silodosin; prazosin; Hartmann's solution; saline; SC; Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (12 wks old, male, Sprague--Dawley).

P8531 Harris,D.M., Cohn,H.I., Pesant,S., Zhou,R.H., Eckhart,A.D. Vascular smooth muscle Gq signaling is involved in high blood pressure in both induced renal and genetic vascular smooth muscle-derived models of hypertension. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2007; 293(-5-):H3072-H3079. >>> Prazosin; SC; Mice (transgenic); mice; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; animal info (male, C57BL/6, wt, VSM GRK2tg, 2-5 months old).

P5969 Kemmerer,E.S., Desmond,T.J., Albin,R.L., Kilbourn,M.R., Frey,K.A. Treatment effects on nigrostriatal projection integrity in partial 6-OHDA lesions: comparison of L-DOPA and pramipexole. Experimental Neurology 2003; 183(-1-):81-86. >>> L-DOPA; benserazide; prazosin; IP; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease).

P5473 Erami,C., Zhang,H., Ho,J.G., French,D.M., Faber,J.E. Alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation directly induces growth of vascular wall in vivo. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2002; 283(-4-):H1577-H1587. >>> Norepinephrine; benoxathian; prazosin; KMD-3213; AH11110A; BMY-7378; propranolol; RX-821002; Ringer's, lactated; ascorbate; Perivascular; Rat; 2ML2; 14, 28 days; Tissue perfusion (left carotid wall); pumps replaced after 14 days for prazosin; catheter constructed from thin walled vinyl tubing and fenestrated at end placed near vessel; norepinephrine is a catecholamine; propranolol is a beta adrenoceptor antagonist; all other agents are antagonists alpha antagonists.

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34. Propranolol

Q0595 Flores,O., Nunez,H., Perez,H., Morgan,C., Soto-Moyano,R., Valladares,L., Burgos,H., Olivares,R., Hernandez,A. beta-Adrenoceptor blockade depresses molecular and functional plasticities in the rat neocortex. Brain Research Bulletin 2010; 82(-5-6-):284-288. >>> Propranolol, DL; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley); behavioral testing (omni-directional lever displacement, light turning on, bar pressing, pellet dispensing); propranolol is a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist.

Q0564 Baek,K., Bloomfield,S.A. beta-Adrenergic Blockade and Leptin Replacement Effectively Mitigate Disuse Bone Loss. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2009; 24(-5-):792-799. >>> Propranolol; LY35510; Saline; SC; Rat; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (adult, male, Sprague-Dawley).

Q0456 Naghshin,J., McGaffin,K.R., Witham,W.G., Mathier,M.A., Romano,L.C., Smith,S.H., Janczewski,A.M., Kirk,J.A., Shroff,S.G., O'Donnell,C.P. Chronic intermittent hypoxia increases left ventricular contractility in C57BL/6J mice. Journal of Applied Physiology 2009; 107(-3-):787-793. >>> Propranolol; SC; Mice; 4 weeks; Animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 20-25 g, 9-12 wk old); functionality of mp verified by heart rate.

Q0289 Thom,N.J., Holmes,P.V., Dishman,R.K. Effects of exercise on male copulatory behavior after beta-adrenoreceptor blockade. Brain Research Bulletin 2009; 79(-6-):414-417. >>> Propranolol; PBS; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); Rat; ; Animal info (Long-Evans male, 60 days old); cannula placement was verified by visual inspection of frozen brains during brain slicing; ALZET brain infusion kit used.

P9670 Lee,J.W., Shahzad,M.M.K., Lin,Y.G., rmaiz-Pena,G., Mangala,L.S., Han,H.D., Kim,H.S., Nam,E.J., Jennings,N.B., Halder,J., Nick,A.M., Stone,R.L., Lu,C.H., Lutgendorf,S.K., Cole,S.W., Lokshin,A.E., Sood,A.K. Surgical Stress Promotes Tumor Growth in Ovarian Carcinoma. Clinical Cancer Research 2009; 15(-8-):2695-2702. >>> Propranolol hydrochloride, S-; SC; Mice (nude); 2004; ; Controls received mp w/ PBS; no stress (see pg. 2697) "no significant complications"; cancer (ovarian); animal info (female, athymic, Ncr-nu).

P7800 Palm,D., Lang,K., Niggemann,B., Drell,T.L., Masur,K., Zaenker,K.S., Entschladen,F. The norepinephrine-driven metastasis development of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells in BALB/c nude mice is inhibited by betablockers. International Journal of Cancer 2006; 118(-11-):2744-2749. >>> Norepinephrine; propranolol; Saline, physiological; ascorbic acid; SC; Mice (nude); 1002; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; half-life (pg. 2745) short, quickly metabolized; cancer (prostate carcinoma); animal info (female, BALB/C nude, athymic, 6 wk. old, 15g.).

P7603 Bernstein,D., Fajardo,G., Zhao,M.M., Urashima,T., Powers,J., Berry,G., Kobilka,B.K. Differential cardioprotective/cardiotoxic effects mediated by beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2005; 289(-6-):H2441-H2449. >>> Propranolol; SC; Mice; 14 days; Controls received no treatment; cardiovascular; non-specific B-antagonist.

P6983 Ruiz-Feria,C.A., Yang,Y.M., Nishimura,H. Do incremental increases in blood pressure elicit neointimal plaques through endothelial injury?. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2004; 287(-6-):R1486-R1493. >>> Propranolol; Water, deionized distilled; SC; Bird (chicken); 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. R1488); cardiovascular; antihypertensive.

P6573 Dostanic,S., Servant,N., Wang,C.L., Chalifour,L.E. Chronic beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation in vivo decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax expression but did not activate apoptotic pathways in mouse heart. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2004; 82(-3-):167-174. >>> Isoproterenol; dobutamine; metaproterenol; phenylephrine; propranolol; PBS; ascorbic acid; SC; Mice; 1,7,14,21,28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

P6569 Lutz,S., Mura,R.A., Hippe,H.J., Tiefenbacher,C., Niroomand,F. Plasma membrane-associated nucleoside diphosphate kinase (nm23) in the heart is regulated by beta-adrenergic signaling. British Journal of Pharmacology 2003; 140(-6-):1019-1026. >>> Isoproterenol; triiodothyronine; propranolol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; cardiovascular.

P5970 Deten,A., Volz,H.C., Holzl,A., Briest,W., Zimmer,H.G. Effect of propranolol on cardiac cytokine expression after myocardial infarction in rats. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY 2003; 251(-1-2-):127-137. >>> Propranolol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Cardiovascular.

P5533 Exton,M.S., Gierse,C., Meier,B., Mosen,M., Xie,Y.F., Frede,S., Goebel,M.U., Limmroth,V., Schedlowski,M. Behaviorally conditioned immunosuppression in the rat is regulated via noradrenaline and beta-adrenoceptors. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2002; 131(-1-2-):21-30. >>> Propranolol; SC; Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (graph, p. 27); immunology.

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35. Ramipril

P6958 Dumoulin,M.J., Adam,A., Burnett,J., Heublein,D., Yamaguchi,N., Lamontagne,D. The cardioprotective effect of dual metallopeptidase inhibition: respective roles of endogenous kinins and natriuretic peptides. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2005; 83(-2-):166-173. >>> Omapatrilat; ramipril; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 7 days; Enzyme inhibitor (ACE and Metallopeptidase); cardiovascular; ischemia (cardiac); "The present study demonstrates for the first time that a chronic treatment with a dual metallopeptidase inhibitor, namely omapatrilat, reduces the deleterious consequences of a global ischemia in isolated rat hearts." (p. 171).

P5674 Tschope,C., Seidl,U., Reinecke,A., Riester,U., Graf,K., Schultheiss,H.P., Hilgenfeldt,U., Unger,T. Kinins are involved in the antiproteinuric effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in experimental diabetic nephropathy. INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 3(-3-):335-344. >>> Hoe 140; Ramipril; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Antihypertensive; Hoe 140 is a B2-receptor antagonist also called icatibant; agents infused together in same pump in some animals..

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36. Ramiprilat

P3734 Fernandez-Alfonso,M.S., Martorana,P.A., Licka,I., van Even,P., Trobisch,D., Scholkens,B.A., Paul,M. Early induction of angiotensin I-converting enzyme in rat carotid artery after balloon injury. Hypertension 1997; 30(-pt 1-):272-277. >>> Ramiprilat; HR 720; DMSO; Water; SC; rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 21 days; 2ML2 pumps replaced after 14 days; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; some animals received multiple pumps per animal (2); ramiprilat is the active metabolite of ramipril; HR 720 is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist.

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37. Reserpine

Q0550 Ghia,J.E., Blennerhassett,P., Deng,Y.K., Verdu,E.F., Khan,W.I., Collins,S.M. Reactivation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Mouse Model of Depression. Gastroenterology 2009; 136(-7-):2280-2288. >>> Reserpine; choline chloride; methyllycaconitine; Water; acetic acid; CSF/CNS; IP; Mice; 5, 10, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, C57BL/6, 7-9 wks old, alpha 7nAchR -/-); post op. care (buprenorphine); Plastics One cannula used with PE60 tubing.

P8751 Ghia,J.E., Blennerhassett,P., Collins,S.M. Impaired parasympathetic function increases susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in a mouse model of depression. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2008; 118(-6-):2209-2218. >>> Reserpine; Acetic acid; CSF/CNS; Mice; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (Fig. 1); comparison of IP injection vs. mp; no stress (see pg. 2210); antihypertensive; cyanoacrylate adhesive; animal info (male, female, C57BL/6, op/op, wt, 7-9 wks old, colitis, vagotomy); animal model of depression; plastics one cannula used; PE-60 used.

P5124 Shafi,S., Stepanova,I.P., Fitzsimmons,C., Bowyer,D.E., Born,G.V.R. Long-term low-dose treatment with reserpine of cholesterol-fed rabbits reduces cholesterol in plasma, non-high density lipoproteins and arterial walls. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2002; 40(--):67-79. >>> Reserpine; Citric acid; SC; Rabbit; 2ML4; 6 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced after 3 wks; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; vehicle included 4% citric acid.

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38. Rilmenidine

P9686 Burke,S.L., Head,G.A. Cardiac and renal baroreflex control during stress in conscious renovascular hypertensive rabbits: effect of rilmenidine. Journal of Hypertension 2009; 27(-1-):132-141. >>> Rilmenidine; Saline; SC; Rabbit; 2ML4; 3 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IV injections vs. SC mp; antihypertensive; animal info (mixed breed, male, female, 2.4-3.2 kg.).

P6378 Monassier,L., Greney,H., Thomas,L., Bousquet,P. Chronic treatment with rilmenidine in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Differences between two schedules of administration. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2004; 43(-3-):394-401. >>> Rilmenidine; Saline; IP; Rat; 2002; 1 month; Comparison of IP injections vs. IP mp; pumps replaced at 15 days; stability verified (30 days at 37 degrees Celsius); cardiovascular; antihypertensive.

P4955 Sun,Z.J., Cade,R., Tatum,C. Central imidazoline and angiotensin II receptors in cardiovascular responses to chronic cold exposure in rats. JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY 2001; 26(--):513-518. >>> Rilmenidine; SK&F-86466; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; rilmenidine is a central I1 imidazoline receptor agonist, SF&F-86466 is a specific a-2 receptor blocker; cold-induced hypertension; pump implanted IP and connected to brain cannula;.

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39. Tertatolol

P3658 Tan,Y.Y., Summers,R.J. B-adrenoceptor regulation in rat heart, lung and skin after chronic treatment with (-)-tertatolol or (-)-propranolol. J.Auton.Pharmac. 1995; 15(--):421-436. >>> Tertatolol; Propranolol; HCl; SC; rat; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; beta-adrenoceptor antagonists; examined heart rate and systolic blood pressure.

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40. Valsartan

Q0856 Huang,J.Q., Matavelli,L.C., Siragy,H.M. Renal (pro)renin receptor contributes to development of diabetic kidney disease through transforming growth factor-beta1 - connective tissue growth factor signalling cascade. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 2011; 38(-4-):215-221. >>> Handle region peptide; valsartan; Kindey (renal cortex); Rat; 14 days; Controls received sham mp w/ saline; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 230-260 g).

Q0476 Imran,S.A., Brown,R.E., Wilkinson,M. Tissue-specific effects of valsartan on rstn and fiaf gene expression in the ob/ob mouse. Diabetes&Vascular Disease Research 2010; 7(-3-):231-238. >>> Valsartan; DMSO; sodium hydroxide; water; SC; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Lean controls received mp w/valsartan; animal info (male, C57BL/6 lean, Ob/ob, B6.V-Lepob/J); wound clips used.

Q0463 Campian,M.E., Verberne,H.J., Hardziyenka,M., de Bruin,K., Selwaness,M., van den Hoff,M.J.B., Ruijter,J.M., van Eck-Smit,B.L.F., de Bakker,J.M.T., Tan,H.L. Serial Noninvasive Assessment of Apoptosis During Right Ventricular Disease Progression in Rats. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2009; 50(-8-):1371-1377. >>> Valsartan; Saline; SC; Rat; ; Controls received no mp; animal info (male, 8 wks old, Wistar, 225-285 g).

Q0380 Aoki,T., Nishimura,M., Kataoka,H., Ishibashi,R., Miyake,T., Takagi,Y., Morishita,R., Hashimoto,N. Role of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in cerebral aneurysm formation in rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2009; 24(-3-):353-359. >>> Valsartan; Saline; methanol; ethanol; SC; Rat; 1 month; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Sprague-Dawley, 7 wks old, cerebral aneurysm); 33% ethanol used.

Q0262 Sakata,A., Mogi,M., Iwanami,J., Tsukuda,K., Min,L.J., Fujita,T., Iwai,M., Ito,M., Horiuchi,M. Sex-different effect of angiotensin II type 2 receptor on ischemic brain injury and cognitive function. Brain Research 2009; 1300(-;-):14-23. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (adult C57BL/6, Agtr2-, Agtr2+, 3-4 mo old, male, female); behavioral testing (Morris water maze test); ischemia (cerebral).

Q0212 Yamamoto,E., Kataoka,K., Dong,Y.F., Nakamura,T., Fukuda,M., Tokutomi,Y., Matsuba,S., Nako,H., Nakagata,N., Kaneko,T., Ogawa,H., Kim-Mitsuyama,S. Aliskiren Enhances the Protective Effects of Valsartan Against Cardiovascular and Renal Injury in Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase-Deficient Mice. Hypertension 2009; 54(-3-):633-U360. >>> Valsartan; aliskiren; Mice; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (male, eNOS -/-, wt).

Q0166 Imran,S.A., Brown,R.E., Wilksinson,M. Tissue-specific effects of valsartan on rstn and fiaf gene expression in the ob/ob mouse. Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 2010; (--):1-8. >>> Valsartan; DMSO; water; sodium hydroxide; SC; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received sham operation; animal info (male, C57BL/6, lean, obese, 13 wks old); wound clips used; diabetes.

P9903 Talati,G., Ohta,A., Rai,T., Sohara,E., Naito,S., Vandewalle,A., Sasaki,S., Uchida,S. Effect of angiotensin II on the WNK-OSR1/SPAK-NCC phosphorylation cascade in cultured mpkDCT cells and in vivo mouse kidney. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2010; 393(-4-):844-848. >>> Angiotensin II; valsartan; Saline; BSA; Mice; 1002; 5, 10 days; Peptides; animal info (male, 12 wks old, C57BL6/J).

P8999 Sagara,Y., Hirooka,Y., Nozoe,M., Ito,K., Kimura,Y., Sunagawa,K. Pressor response induced by central angiotensin II is mediated by activation of Rho/Rho-kinase pathway via AT1 receptors. Journal of Hypertension 2007; 25(-2-):399-406. >>> Angiotensin II; phenylephrine; Y-27632; valsartan; CSF, artificial; SC; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1002; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (Rho-kinase); antihypertensive; peptides; animal info (male, Wistar-Kyoto, SHR, 280-340 g.); catheter tip placement and connection confirmed.

P8877 Li,J.M., Mogi,M., Iwanami,J., Min,L.J., Tsukuda,K., Sakata,A., Fujita,T., Iwai,M., Horiuchi,M. Temporary pretreatment with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, valsartan, prevents ischemic brain damage through an increase in capillary density. Stroke 2008; 39(-7-):2029-2036. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 2 weeks; Ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, C57BL/6, 6 wks old, 20 g.); middle cerebral artery occlusion.

P8657 Marumo,T., Hishikawa,K., Matsuzaki,Y., Imal,N., Takase,O., Shimosawa,T., Okano,H., Fujita,T. Angiotensin II type I receptor blockade prevents decrease in adult stem-like cells in kidney after ureteral obstruction. European Journal of Pharmacology 2007; 573(-1-3-):216-220. >>> Valsartan; NAHCO3; IP; Mice; 1002; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (unilateral ureteral obstruction); animal info (female, C57/BL6J, 7-8 wks old).

P8359 Mogi,M., Li,J.M., Iwanami,J., Min,L.J., Tsukuda,K., Iwai,M., Horiuchi,M. Angiotensin II type-2 receptor stimulation prevents neural damage by transcriptional activation of methyl methanesulfonate sensitive 2. Hypertension 2006; 48(-1-):141-148. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 13 days; Cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (C57BL/6J, 10 weeks old, MCA occlusion).

P7759 Suzuki,J., Iwai,M., Mogi,M., Oshita,A., Yoshii,T., Higaki,J., Horiuchi,M. Eplerenone with valsartan effectively reduces atherosclerotic lesion by attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 26(-4-):917-921. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 6 weeks; Cardiovascular; animal info (male, adult, ApoE -/-, 6 wk. old).

P7602 Iwai,M., Chen,R., Li,Z., Shiuchi,T., Suzuki,J., Ide,A., Tsuda,M., Okumura,M., Min,L.J., Mogi,M., Horiuchi,M. Deletion of angiotensin II type 2 receptor exaggerated atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-null mice. Circulation 2005; 112(-11-):1636-1643. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 10 weeks; Controls received no treatment; long-term study; cardiovascular; animal info (male); AT1 receptor blocker.

P7313 Okumura,M., Iwai,M., Ide,A., Mogi,M., Ito,M., Horiuchi,M. Sex difference in vascular injury and the vasoprotective effect of valsartan are related to differential AT2 receptor expression. Hypertension 2005; 46(-3-):577-583. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 7, 14 days; No stress (see pg. 580); cardiovascular.

P6819 Iwai,M., Liu,H.W., Chen,R., Ide,A., Okamoto,S., Hata,R., Sakanaka,M., Shiuchi,T., Horiuchi,M. Possible inhibition of focal cerebral ischemia by angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation. Circulation 2004; 110(-7-):843-848. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 11 days; Cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral).

P5884 Horiuchi,M., Cui,T.X., Li,Z., Li,J.M., Nakagami,H., Iwai,M. Fluvastatin enhances the inhibitory effects of a selective angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, Valsartan, on vascular neointimal formation. Circulation 2003; 107(-1-):106-112. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; ; Cardiovascular; valsartan is an angtiotensin II type I receptor antagonist (ATIRA).

P5625 Gauer,S., Hartner,A., Hauser,I.A., Fierlbeck,W., Eberhardt,W., Geiger,H. Differential regulation of osteopontin expression in the clipped and nonclipped kidney of two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats. American Journal of Hypertension 2003; 16(-3-):214-222. >>> Valsartan; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antihypertensive; valsartan is an angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist (AT1RA)..

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“Commercially available mini-osmotic pumps were pre-tested in vitro and proved to be a reliable method of slowly releasing the protein that was biologically active... The continuous presence of BMP-7 during the 2-4 weeks following surgery seemed to have attracted surrounding mesenchymal-like cells from the synovium into the defect area, and then transformed into chondrocytes.” Pecina et al. International Orthopaedics 2002; 26:131-136.

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References on the Administration of Antihypertensives Using ALZET® Osmotic Pumps

1. Atenolol

2. Benazepril

3. Benazeprilat

4. Bendroflumethiazide

5. Bisoprolol

6. Bunazosin

7. Candesartan

8. Captopril

9. Clonidine

10. Digotoxin Or Digoxin

11. Doxazosin

12. Enalapril

13. Enalaprilat

14. Eprosartan

15. Felodipine

16. Furosemide

17. Guanabenz

18. Hydralazine

19. Hydrochlorothiazide

20. Imidapril

21. Isoproterenol

22. Ketanserin

23. Losartan

24. Metoprolol

25. Minoxidil HCl

26. Moxonidine

27. Nicardipine

28. Nifedipine

29. Nilvadipine

30. PD123319

31. Perindopril

32. Pindolol

33. Prazosin

34. Propranolol

35. Ramipril

36. Ramiprilat

37. Reserpine

38. Rilmenidine

39. Tertatolol

40. Valsartan

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References on the Administration of Antihypertensives Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps