References on the Administration of Antihypertensives Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

1. Atenolol

P9155 Ablad,B., Bjuro,T., Bjorkman,J.A., Edstrom,T. Prevention of ventricular fibrillation requires central beta-adrenoceptor blockage in rabbits. SCANDINAVIAN CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL 2007; 41(--):221-229. >>> Atenolol; metoprolol tartrate; Saline; SC; Rabbit; 2ML4; 3 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels of metoprolol and atenolol; animal info (male, New Zealand, White, Rabbit, 2.8-3.7 kg.).

P6925 van Brakel,T.J., Hermans,J.J.R., Janssen,B.J., van Essen,H., Botterhuis,N., Smits,J.F.M., Maessen,J.G. Intrapericardial delivery enhances cardiac effects of sotalol and atenolol. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2004; 44(-1-):50-56. >>> Sotalol; atenolol; Saline; IV (jugular); intrapericardial; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; 2 day recovery period prior to attaching pumps to catheters.

P5560 Iaccarino,G., Tomhave,E.D., Lefkowitz,R.J., Koch,W.J. Reciprocal in vivo regulation of myocardial G protein-coupled receptor kinase expression by beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation and blockade. Circulation 1998/10/27; 98(-17-):1783-1789. >>> Atenolol; isoproterenol; carvedilol; Ascorbic acid; DMSO; SC; Mice; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by measurement of heart rates after 1 wk; cardiovascular; atenolol and isoproterenol dissolved in 0.002% ascorbic acid; carvedilol dissolved in 60% DMSO.

P4964 Shantz,L.M., Feith,D.J., Pegg,A.E. Targeted overexpression of ornithine decarboxylase enhances beta-adrenergic agonist-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Biochemical Journal 2001; 358(--):25-32. >>> Isoproterenol; Atenolol; Saline; mice; 10 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; Atenolol is a beta-1 adrenergic agonist; 1 group received isoproterenol, 1 group received isoproterenol + atenolol in the same pump..

P4913 Iaccarino,G., Barbato,E., Cipolleta,E., Esposito,A., Fiorillo,A., Koch,W.J., Trimarco,B. Cardiac beta ARK1 upregulation induced by chronic salt deprivation in rats. Hypertension 2001; 38(--):255-260. >>> Atenolol; DMSO; SC; rat; 23 days; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; DMSO was 30%; atenolol is a B-adrenergic receptor agonist; researchers have stated that 2002 pumps were used, but pumps were stated to deliver for 28 days; implantation period was 23 days in this study..

P4051 Skantze,H.B., Kaplan,J., Pettersson,K., Manuck,S., Blomqvist,N., Kyes,R., Williams,K., Bondjers,G. Psychosocial stress causes endothelial injury in cynomolgus monkeys via b1-adrenoceptor activation. Atherosclerosis 1998; 136(--):153-161. >>> Atenolol; Metoprolol; monkey; 2ML1; no duration posted; controls received mp w/saline; antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

top of page

2. Benazepril

P6345 Yagi,S., Morita,T., Katayama,S. Combined treatment with an AT1 receptor blocker and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor has an additive effect on inhibiting neointima formation via improvement of nitric oxide production and suppression of oxidative stress. HYPERTENSION RESEARCH 2004; 27(-2-):129-135. >>> Valsartan; benazepril; Potassium hydroxide; HCL; SC; Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p131); pump model not stated.

P6612 Mizukami,M., Hasegawa,H., Kohro,T., Toko,H., Kudoh,T., Zou,Y.Z., Aburatani,H., Komuro,I. Gene expression profile revealed different effects of angiotensin II receptor blockade and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on heart failure. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2003; 42(--):S1-S6. >>> Benazepril; candesartan; SC; Rat; 2ML4; ; Blood pressure taken.

top of page

3. Benazeprilat

P4059 Webb,R.L., Barclay,B.W., Navarrete,A.E., Wosu,N.J., Sahota,P. Protective effects of valsartan and benazeprilat in salt-loaded stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin.Exp.Hypertens. 1998; 20(-7-):775-793. >>> Valsartan; Benazeprilat; NaOH; SC; rat; 2ML2; 9.5 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; long-term study, pumps replaced every 2 weeks; radiotelemetric devices implanted concomitantly for blood pressure and heart rate measurement; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral).

P3939 Webb,R.L., Navarrete,A.E., Davis,S. Effects of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination on blood pressure and heart rate in conscious-telemetered spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Am.J.Hypertens. 1998; 11(--):59-65. >>> Valsartan; Hydrochlorothiazide; Benazeprilat; NaOH; SC; rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume and plasma assays; dose-response; stability verified by pilot expt; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; agents administered alone and in combination.

top of page

4. Bendroflumethiazide

P2385 Lunau,H.E., Bak,M., Petersen,J.S., Shalmi,M., Marcussen,N., Christensen,S. Renal adaptations to continuous administration of furosemide and bendroflumethiazide in rats. Pharmacol.Toxicol. 1994; 74(--):216-222. >>> Bendroflumethiazide; Furosemide; Lithium citrate; Ethanolamine; IP; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; antihypertensive.

top of page

5. Bisoprolol

P3796 Hamada,H., Hakamata,N., Ohsuzu,F., Nakamura,H. Age-related effects of norepinephrine on rat ventricular hypertrophy. Jpn.Heart J. 1997; 38(-3-):433-443. >>> Norepinephrine HCl; Norepinephrine bitartrate; Bunazosin; Bisoprolol; SC; rat; 2002; 7, 14 days; controls received mp w/saline or norepinephrine; dose-response; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; 2 pumps implanted in each animal.

top of page

6. Bunazosin

top of page

7. Candesartan

P8328 Padia,S.H., Kemp,B.A., Howell,N.L., Siragy,H.M., Fournie-Zaluski,M.C., Roques,B.P., Carey,R.M. Intrarenal aminopeptidase N inhibition augments natriuretic responses to angiotensin III in angiotensin type 1 receptor-blocked rats. Hypertension 2007; 49(-3-):625-630. >>> Candesartan; SC; Rat; 2001D; 24 hours; Cardiovascular; animal info (Sprague-Dawley, 250 grams).

P8263 Nishimura,M., Takahashi,H., Yoshimura,M. Upregulation of the brain renin-angiotensin system in rats with chronic renal failure. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA 2007; 189(-4-):369-377. >>> Candesartan; CSF, artificial; IV (jugular); CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (subtotal nephrectomy, dorsal rhizotomy); antihypertensive; cyanoacrylate adhesive; animal info (male, SHR/Izumo, 8 wks old, 300-350g.); ATI receptor antagonist.

P8182 Eskild-Jensen,A., Thomsen,K., Rungo,C., Ferreira,L.S., Paulsen,L.F., Rawashdeh,Y.F., Nyengaard,J.R., Nielsen,S., Djurhuus,J.C., Frokiaer,J. Glomerular and tubular function during AT1 receptor blockade in pigs with neonatal induced partial ureteropelvic obstruction. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2007; 292(-3-):921-929. >>> Candesartan; Saline, physiological; SC; Pig (neonate); 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. F923); animal info (female, Danish Landrace; 2, 23 days old); congenital urinary tract obstruction model.

P8086 de Borst,M.H., van Timmeren,M.M., Vaidya,V.S., de Boer,R.A., van Dalen,M.B.A., Kramer,A.B., Schuurs,T.A., Bonventre,J.V., Navis,G., van Goor,H. Induction of kidney injury molecule-1 in homozygous Ren2 rats is attenuated by blockade of the renin-angiotensin system or p38 MAP kinase. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2007; 292(-1-):F313-F320. >>> Candesartan; SB-239063; Saline; water; PEG 400; NaHC03; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2004; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received no treatment; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; enzyme inhibitor (p38 MAP Kinase); animal info (male, TGR (mRen2) 27, 7 wks old, male, Sprague-Dawley); 0.1% DMSO.

P8202 Hamai,M., Iwai,M., Ide,A., Tomochika,H., Tomono,Y., Mogi,M., Horiuchi,M. Comparison of inhibitory action of candesartan and enalapril on brain ischemia through inhibition of oxidative stress. Neuropharmacology 2006; 51(-4-):822-828. >>> Candesartan; enalapril; IP; Mice; 1002; 10 days; Dose-response (fig.1); cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral, induced by MCAO); animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 10 wks old); neurology.

P8000 Turban,S., Beutler,T., Morris,R.G., Masilamani,S., Fenton,R.A., Knepper,M.A., Packer,R.K. Long-term regulation of proximal tubule acid-base transporter abundance by angiotensin II. Kidney International 2006; 70(-4-):660-668. >>> Candesartan; angiotensin II; lisinopril; Saline; SC; Rat; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 224-250 grams).

P7933 Zhou,J., Pavel,J., Macova,M., Yu,Z.X., Imboden,H., Ge,L., Nishioku,T., Dou,J.T., Delgiacco,E., Saavedra,J.M. AT1 receptor blockade regulates the local angiotensin II system in cerebral microvessels from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke 2006; 37(-5-):1271-1276. >>> Candesartan; SC; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (SHR, Wistar Kyoto, 12 weeks old, 250-320 grams).

P7918 Saavedra,J.M., Armando,I., Bregonzio,C., Juorio,A., Macova,M., Pavel,J., Sanchez-Lemus,E. A centrally acting, anxiolytic angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonist prevents the isolation stress-induced decrease in cortical CRF1 receptor and benzodiazepine binding. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 31(-6-):1123-1134. >>> Candesartan; Saline; sodium carbonate; SC; CSF/CNS; Rat; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Wistar, 8 weeks old).

P7883 Jensen,A.M., Li,C.L., Praetorius,H.A., Norregaard,R., Frische,S., Knepper,M.A., Nielsen,S., Frokiaer,J. Angiotensin II mediates downregulation of aquaporin water channels and key renal sodium transporters in response to urinary tract obstruction. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2006; 291(-5-):F1021-F1032. >>> Candesartan; Saline, physiological; Na2C03; SC; Rat; 2001; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Munich-Wistar, 240g.); mp primed overnight in 37 celsius saline.

P7833 Zhang,C.T., Yasuno,S., Kuwahara,K., Zankov,D.P., Kobori,A., Makiyama,T., Horie,M. Blockade of angiotensin II type 1 receptor improves the arrhythmia morbidity in mice with left ventricular hypertrophy. CIRCULATION JOURNAL 2006; 70(-3-):335-341. >>> Candesartan; SC; Mice; 1002; 2, 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (table 1); no stress (see pg. 336); cardiovascular; animal info (C57BL/6, 24-27g., 11-12 wk. old, male, transverse aorta constriction).

P7356 Dendorfer,A., Dominiak,P., Tempel,K., Raasch,W. Peripheral sympatholytic actions of four AT1 antagonists: are they relevant for-long-term antihypertensive efficacy?. Journal of Hypertension 2005; 23(-10-):1861-1867. >>> Candesartan; losartan; eprosartan; irbesartan; NaOH; IP; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by blood pressure taken; dose-response (fig. 1); cardiovascular; antihypertensive; animal info (male, SHR, 10 wk old, 250-280 g).

P7297 Cairns,M.J., Burns,P., Di Nicolantonio,R., McKinley,M.J., Mathai,M.L. Influence of brain angiotensin on thermoregulation and hydromineral balance during pregnancy in rats. Journal of Applied Physiology 2005; 98(-5-):1813-1819. >>> Candesartan; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat (pregnant); 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or no treatment; no stress (see pg. 1815); post op. care (aspirin, sucrose water); mp primed; AT1 receptor antagonist.

P7127 Kwon,T.H., Nielsen,J., Knepper,M.A., Frokiaer,J., Nielsen,S. Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade decreases vasopressin-induced water reabsorption and AQP2 levels in NaCl-restricted rats. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2005; 288(-4-):F673-F684. >>> Vasopressin, 1-deamino-8-D-arginine; candesartan; Saline, physiological; Na2CO3; SC; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; multiple pumps per animal (2); mp primed 4 hours in 37 degrees celsius saline.

P7085 Ando,H., Zhou,J., Macova,M., Imboden,H., Saavedra,J.M. Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade reverses pathological hypertrophy and inflammation in brain microvessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke 2004; 35(-7-):1726-1731. >>> Candesartan; Sodium carbonate; SC; Rat; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral).

P6988 de Boer,R.A., Pokharel,S., Flesch,M., van Kampen,D.A., Suurmeijer,A.J.H., Boomsma,F., van Gilst,W.H., van Veldhuisen,D.J., Pinto,Y.M. Extracellular signal regulated kinase and SMAD signaling both mediate the angiotensin II driven progression towards overt heart failure in homozygous TGR(mRen2)27. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM 2004; 82(-10-):678-687. >>> Candesartan; tyrphostin A46; SB 239063; Saline; water; NaHCO3; PEG; DMSO; SC; IP; Rat; 2004; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ placebo agent; enzyme inhibitor (p38 MAP kinase, EGFR tyrosine kinase); tyrphostin is a.k.a AG-490.

P6781 Wamsley-Davis,A., Padda,R., Truong,L.D., Tsao,C.C., Zhang,P., Sheikh-Hamad,D. AT1A-mediated activation of kidney JNK1 and SMAD2 in obstructive uropathy: preservation of kidney tissue mass using candesartan. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2004; 287(-3-):F474-F480. >>> Candesartan; losartan; SC; Rat; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; AT-1A receptor antagonist.

P6578 Zou,Y.Z., Akazawa,H., Qin,Y.J., Sano,M., Takano,H., Minamino,T., Makita,N., Iwanaga,K., Zhu,W.D., Kudoh,S., Toko,H., Tamura,K., Kihara,M., Nagai,T., Fukamizu,A., Umemura,S., Iiri,T., Fujita,T., Komuro,I. Mechanical stress activates angiotensin II type 1 receptor without the involvement of angiotensin II. NATURE CELL BIOLOGY 2004; 6(-6-):499-506. >>> Candesartan; SC; Mice; 3,17 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; cardiovascular.

P6449 Kusaka,I., Kusaka,G., Zhou,C., Ishikawa,M., Nanda,A., Granger,D.N., Zhang,J.H., Tang,J.P. Role of AT1 receptors and NAD(P)H oxidase in diabetes-aggravated ischemic brain injury. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2004; 286(-6-):H2442-H2451. >>> Candesartan; SC; Rat; 14 days; Ischemia (cerebral); diabetes; no side effects of minipump placement were noticed; pump model not listed.

P6577 de Borst,M.H., Navis,G., de Boer,R.A., Huitema,S., Vis,L.M., van Gilst,W.H., van Goor,H. Specific MAP-kinase blockade protects against renal damage in homozygous TGR(mRen2)27 rats. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION 2003; 83(-12-):1761-1770. >>> Candesartan; tyrphostin A46; SB 239063; Saline; sodium carbonate; DMSO; water; PEG 400; SC; IP; Rat; 2004; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received no treatment; enzyme inhibitor (map-kinase, FGF-R); 0.01% DMSO for tyrphostin; 0.1% DMSO for SB 239063; tyrphostin is a.k.a AG-490.

P6082 Hayashi,T., Sohmiya,K., Ukimura,A., Endoh,S., Mori,T., Shimomura,H., Okabe,M., Terasaki,F., Kitaura,Y. Angiotensin II receptor blockade prevents microangiopathy and preserves diastolic function in the diabetic rat heart. HEART 2003; 89(-10-):1236-1242. >>> Candesartan; IP; Rat; 2002; 6 weeks; Long-term study; pumps replaced every two weeks; diabetes.

P5763 Beutler,K.T., Masilamani,S., Turban,S., Nielsen,J., Brooks,H.L., Ageloff,S., Fenton,R.A., Packer,R.K., Knepper,M.A. Long-term regulation of ENaC expression in kidney by angiotensin II. Hypertension 2003; 41(-5-):1143-1150. >>> Candesartan; Angiotensin II; lisinopril; Saline; sodium carbonate; SC; Rat; 2,3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (angiotensin-converting enzyme); Angiotensis II and lisinopril infused together for 3 days in the same pump.

P5687 Jezova,M., Armando,I., Bregonzio,C., Yu,Z.X., Qian,S.J., Ferrans,V.J., Imboden,H., Saavedra,J.M. Angiotensin II AT(1) and AT(2) receptors contribute to maintain basal adrenomedullary norepinephrine synthesis and tyrosine hydroxylase tran scription. Endocrinology 2003; 144(-5-):2092-2101. >>> Candesartan; PD123319; Saline; sodium carbonate; SC; Rat; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; AT receptor antagonists.

P5620 Yamakawa,H., Jezova,M., Ando,H., Saavedra,J.M. Normalization of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in brain microvessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats by angiotensin II AT(1) receptor inhibition. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2003; 23(-3-):371-380. >>> Candesartan; Sodium carbonate; SC; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp/w vehicle; antihypertensive; Candesartan is an AT1 antagonist..

P6145 Itoh,M., Takeishi,Y., Nakada,S., Miyamoto,T., Tsunoda,Y., Takahashi,H., Kubota,I., Tomoike,H. Long-term treatment with angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist, CV -11974, restores beta-catenin mRNA expression in volume-overloaded rab bit hearts. Heart and Vessels 2002; 17(-1-):36-41. >>> Candesartan; Saline; SC; Rabbit; 6 weeks; Cardiovascular; CV-11974 (candesartan) is an (AT1RA); pump model not stated.

P5964 Naito,Y., Tsujino,T., Fujioka,Y., Ohyanagi,M., Iwasaki,T. Augmented diurnal variations of the cardiac renin-angiotensin system i n hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2002; 40(-6-):827-833. >>> Candesartan; SC; Rat; 14 days; cardiovascular; no pump model given.

P5521 Armando,I., Terron,J.A., Falcon-Neri,A., Takeshi,I., Hauser,W., Inagami,T., Saavedra,J.M. Increased angiotensin II AT(1) receptor expression in paraventricular nucleus and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stimulation in AT(2) receptor gene disrupted mice. Neuroendocrinology 2002; 76(-3-):137-147. >>> Candesartan; Sodium carbonate; Saline; SC; Mice; 1002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; agent is an angiotensin II AT(1) receptor antagonist.

P5222 Zhuo,J.L., Imig,J.D., Hammond,T.G., Orengo,S., Benes,E., Navar,L.G. Ang II accumulation in rat renal endosomes during Ang II-induced hypertension: role of AT(1) receptor. Hypertension 2002/1; 39(-1-):116-121. >>> Angiotensin II; Candesartan; Rat; 13 days; Functionality of mp verified by Ang II plasma levels; cardiovascular; peptides; antihypertensive; one group received Ang II alone, one group received Ang II and Candesartan.

P5170 Knepper,Mark A., Beutler,Kathleen, Masilamani,Shyama, Nielsen,Jakob, Nielsen,Soren, Wang,Xiao Yan. Decreased abundance of collecting duct urea transporters UT-A1 and UT-A3 with ECF volume expansion. American Journal of Physiology 2002/4; 282(-4 Part 2-):F577-F584. >>> Aldosterone; Candesartan; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2 or 4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; candesartan is an Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker; animals received aldosterone for 4 days or candesartan for 2 days.

P5151 Saito,T., Fujiwara,R., Fujiwara,Y., Hasegawa,H., Kibira,S., Miura,H., Miura,M. Role of augmented expression of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in postischaemic heart. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 2002/4; 29(-4-):324-329. >>> Candesartan; IP; rat; 3 days; cardiovascular.

P4833 Armando,I., Carranza,A., Nishimura,Y., Hoe,K.L., Barontini,M., Terron,J.A., Falcon-Neri,A., Ito,T., Juorio,A.V., Saavedra,J.M. Peripheral administration of an angiotensin II AT(1) receptor antagonist decreases the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to isolation stress. Endocrinology 2001; 142(-9-):3880-3889. >>> Candesartan;; Sodium carbonate; Saline, isotonic;; SC;; rat;; 13 days;; Candesartan is an Angiotensin I receptor antagonist; Sodium carbonate vehicle was 1mo/l and further diluted in saline;.

P4762 Nishimura,Y., Ito,T., Saavedra,J.M. Angiotensin II AT1 blockade normalizes cerebrovascular autoregulation and reduces cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats.. Stroke 2000; 31(--):2478-2486. >>> Candesartan; Propranolol;; Sodium carbonate;; SC;; rat;; 3, 7, or 14 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; Candesartan is a AT1 antagonist (also called CV - 11974); ischemia (cerebral).

top of page

8. Captopril

P6240 Martinez,L.A., Villalobos-Molina,R.V. Early and chronic captopril or losartan therapy reduces infarct size and avoids congestive heart failure after myocardial infarction in rats. Archives of Medical Research 2003; 34(-5-):357-361. >>> Captopril; losartan; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Cardiovascular; enzyme inhibitor (ACE); losartan is an AT1 receptor antagonist.

P6655 Li,X., Simard,J.M. Increase in Cx45 gap junction channels in cerebral smooth muscle cells from SHR. Hypertension 2002; 40(-6-):940-946. >>> Angiotensin II; L-NAME; captopril; SC; Rat; 4 weeks; Enzyme inhibitor (nitric oxide synthase); cardiovascular; antihypertensive.

top of page

9. Clonidine

P6722 Quartilho,A., Mata,H.P., Ibrahim,M.M., Vanderah,T.W., Ossipov,M.H., Lai,J., Porreca,F., Malan,P.Jr. Production of paradoxical sensory hypersensitivity by alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonists. Anesthesiology 2004; 100(-6-):1538-1544. >>> Clonidine; MK-801; dexmedetomidine; idazoxan; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); SC; Rat; 2001; 6 days; Comparison of IT injections vs. IT and SC mp; idazoxan and MK-801 infused intrathecally in a separate infusion.

P5646 Parkin,M.L., Godwin,S.J., Head,G.A. Importance of imidazoline-preferring receptors in the cardiovascular actions of chronically administered moxonidine, rilmenidine and clonidine in conscious rabbits. Journal of Hypertension 2003; 21(-1-):167-178. >>> Moxonidine; clonidine; rilmenidine; Saline; HCl; Sodium hydroxide; SC; Rabbit; 2ML2; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; antihypertensive; moxonidine dissolved in saline/HCl/NaOH; other agents dissolved in saline; moxonidine&rilmenidine are imidazoline receptor agonists.

top of page

10. Digoxin Or Digotoxin

P5253 Manunta,P., Hamilton,J., Rogowski,A.C., Hamilton,B.P., Hamlyn,J.M. Chronic hypertension induced by ouabain but not digoxin in the rat: antihypertensive effect of digoxin and digitoxin. Hypertens Res 2000/9; 23 Suppl(--):S77-S85. >>> Ouabain; Ouabagenin; Digoxin; Digotoxin; PBS; SC; Rat; 2002; 5 weeks; Controls received mp/ vehicle; functionality verified by residual volume; dose-response (p.581); pumps replaced every 14 days; antihypertensive; plasma levels of all agents verified by immunoassay; multiple pumps per animal (2) used simultaneously in one experiment.

P4750 Kimura,K., Manunta,P., Hamilton,B.P., Hamlyn,J.M. Different effects of in vivo ouabain and digoxin on renal artery function and blood pressure in the rat.. Hypertens Res 2000; 23(-Suppl-):S67-S76. >>> Ouabain; Digoxin; PBS, sterile; SC; rat; 5 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels of ouabain and digoxin; antihypertensive; ouabain and digoxin are sodium pump inhibitors.

top of page

11. Doxazosin

P7070 Foster,HE Jr, Yono,M., Shin,D., Takahashi,W., Pouresmail,M., Afiatpour,P., Latifpour,J. Effects of chronic administration of doxazosin on alpha1-adrenoceptors in the rat prostate. Journal of Urology 2004; 172(-6-):2465-2470. >>> Doxazosin; DMSO; SC; Rat; 8,12 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (table 2); long-term study; cancer (prostatic hyperplasia); 50% DMSO; due to limitations in solubility mp was combined with oral dosing to deliver higher doses.

P6787 Yono,M., Foster,HE Jr, Shin,D., Takahashi,W., Pouresmail,M., Latifpour,J. Doxazosin treatment causes differential alterations of alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes in the rat kidney, heart and aorta. LIFE SCIENCES 2004; 75(-21-):2605-2614. >>> Doxazosin; DMSO; SC; Rat; 12 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma doxazosin levels; long-term study; antihypertensive; 50% DMSO; doxazosin supplemented orally in drinking water.

top of page

12. Enalapril

P5889 Lamireau,D., Nuyt,A.M., Hou,X., Bernier,S., Beauchamp,M., Gobeil,F.Jr, Lahaie,I., Varma,D.R., Chemtob,S. Altered vascular function in fetal programming of hypertension. Stroke 2002; 33(-12-):2992-2998. >>> Enalaprilat; Saline; Rat (pregnant); 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (ACE).

P4975 Sawada,Y., Miyamoto,H., Ito,K., Ito,K., Wakabayashi,S., Suzaka,H., Matsuo,H., Iga,T., Sawada,Y. Comparative study of effects of angiotensin II receptor antagonist, KD 3-671, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, enalaprilat, on cough reflex in guinea pig. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 2001; 26(-1/2-):47-52. >>> Enalaprilat; PBS; SC; rabbit; 2ML4; ; controls received "dummy pump"; pumps replaced after 4 weeks; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; dummy pump implanted in controls was PVC plastic balloon of the same size and shape as pump. Enalaprilat is an Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor..

P4840 Blais,C.Jr, Lapointe,N., Rouleau,J.L., Clement,R., Gervais,N., Geadah,D., Adam,A. Effects of the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat on cardiac endogenous kinins in rats with acute myocardial infarction.. Peptides 2001; 22(--):953-962. >>> Enalapril; Omapatrilat;; Saline;; SC;; rat;; 1007D;; 5 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum ACE inhibition; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; omapatrilat is a vasopeptidase inhibitor; Enalapril is an Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor;.

top of page

13. Enalaprilat

P3773 Laflamme,A.K.-, Oster,L., Cardinal,R., De Champlain,J. Effects of renin-angiotensin blockade on sympathetic reactivity and B-adrenergic pathway in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Hypertension 1997; 30(-pt 1-):278-287. >>> Losartan; Enalaprilat; Saline, isotonic; Sodium carbonate; Sodium bicarbonate; SC; rat; 2002; 12 days; antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

top of page

14. Eprosartan

P7583 Chen,Y., Currie,R.W. Heat shock treatment suppresses angiotensin II-induced SP-1 and AP-1 and stimulates Oct-1 DNA-binding activity in heart. INFLAMMATION RESEARCH 2005; 54(-8-):338-343. >>> Angiotensin II; eprosartan; norepinephrine; Saline; SC; IP; IV (jugular); Rat; 2001; 2ML2; 3, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or sham HS surgery; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley 280-310 g).

P7557 Karram,T., Abbasi,A., Keidar,S., Golomb,E., Hochberg,I., Winaver,J., Hoffman,A., Abassi,Z. Effects of spironolactone and eprosartan on cardiac remodeling and angiotensin-converting enzyme isoforms in rats with experimental heart failure. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2005; 289(-4-):H1351-H1358. >>> Spironolactone; eprosartan; PEG 400; sodium bicarbonate; IP; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 14, 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels (H1353); cardiovascular; animal info (male, Wistar 300 g); aldosterone antagonist; ANG II receptor antagonist; therapeutic treatment (congestive heart failure).

P6492 Chen,Y., Ross,B.M., Currie,R.W. Heat shock treatment protects against angiotensin II-induced hypertension and inflammation in aorta. CELL STRESS&CHAPERONES 2004; 9(-1-):99-107. >>> Angiotensin II; eprosartan; norepinephrine; Saline; SC; IP; IV (vena cava); Rat; 2001; 2002; 2ML2; 1,3,5,7,11,14 days; Controls received empty mp for 7 days; functionality of mp verified by SBP; cardiovascular; peptides.

P6372 Behr,T.M., Willette,R.N., Coatney,R.W., Berova,M., Angermann,C.E., Anderson,K., Sackner-Bernstein,J.D., Barone,F.C. Eprosartan improves cardiac performance, reduces cardiac hypertrophy and mortality and downregulates myocardial monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and inflammation in hypertensive heart disease. Journal of Hypertension 2004; 22(-3-):583-592. >>> Eprosartan; Saline; IP; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

P5237 Abrahamsen,C.T., Barone,F.C., Campbell,W.G.,Jr., Nelson,A.H., Contino,L.C., Pullen,M.A., Grygielko,E.T., Edwards,R.M., Laping,N.J., Brooks,D.P. The angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist, eprosartan, attenuates the progression of renal disease in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats with accelerated hypertension. J Pharmacol Exp.Ther. 2002; 301(-1-):21-28. >>> Eprosartan; IP; Rat; 2ML4; 12 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study. pumps replaced every 28 days; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist; ischemia.

P4945 Rothermund,L., Pinto,Y.M., Vetter,R., Herfort,N., Kossmehl,P., Neumayer,H.H., Paul,M., Kreutz,R. Effects of angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor blockade on cardiac fibrosis and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling in hypertensive transgenic rats overexpressing the Ren2 gene. Journal of Hypertension 2001; 19(--):1465-1472. >>> Eprosartan; Saline; IP; rat; 2ML4; 20 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study, pumps replaced every 4 weeks; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; Eprosartan is an Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor antagonist, given at antihypertensive (6 mg/kg/day) or hypertensive (60 mg/kg/day) doses..

P4061 Brodsky,S., Gurbanov,K., Abassi,Z., Hoffman,A., Ruffolo Jr,R.R., Feuerstein,G.Z., Winaver,J. Effects of eprosartan on renal function and cardiac hypertrophy in rats with experimental heart failure. Hypertension 1998; 32(--):746-752. >>> Eprosartan; Sodium bicarbonate; IP; rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist; antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

top of page

15. Felodipine

P5185 Zhou,X.J., Zhou,X.J., Vaziri,N.D. Defective calcium signalling in uraemic platelets and its amelioration with long-term erythropoietin therapy. NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION 2002; 17(--):992-997. >>> Felodipine; Rat; 6 weeks; Cardiovascular; antihypertensive; calcium channel blocker.

P3960 Mervaala,E.M.A., Malmberg,L., Teravainen,T.-L., Laakso,J., Vapaatalo,H., Karppanen,H. Influence of dietary salts on the cardiovascular effects of low-dose combination of ramipril and felodipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. British J.Pharmacol. 1998; 123(--):195-204. >>> Felodipine; Water, distilled; SC; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/ NaCl; antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

P3540 Mervaala,E.M.A., Teravainen,T.-L., Malmberg,L., Laakso,J., Vapaatalo,H., Karppanen,H. Cardiovascular effects of a low-dose combination of ramipril and felodipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1997; 121(--):503-510. >>> Felodipine; SC; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/ saline; antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

top of page

16. Furosemide

P7092 Ahn,D., Ge,Y.Q., Stricklett,P.K., Gill,P., Taylor,D., Hughes,A.K., Yanagisawa,M., Miller,L., Nelson,R.D., Kohan,D.E. Collecting duct-specific knockout of endothelia-1 causes hypertension and sodium retention. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2004; 114(-4-):504-511. >>> Furosemide; SC; Mice (transgenic); 1003D; 3 days; Antihypertensive.

P6628 Schweda,F., Kammerl,M., Wagner,C., Kraemer,B.K., Kurtz,A. Upregulation of macula densa cyclooxygenase-2 expression is not dependent on glomerular filtration. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2004; 287(-1-):F95-F101. >>> Furosemide; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 1 week.

P6584 Hoecherl,K., Kees,F., Kraemer,B.K., Kurtz,A. Cyclosporine A attenuates the natriuretic action of loop diuretics by inhibition of renal COX-2 expression. Kidney International 2004; 65(-6-):2071-2080. >>> Furosemide; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 5 days; Functionality of mp verified by serum or urine furosemide levels via HPLC.

P6544 Buffin-Meyer,B., Younes-Ibrahim,M., El Mernissi,G., Cheval,L., Marsy,S., Grima,M., Girolami,J.P., Doucet,A. Differential regulation of collecting duct Na+,K+-ATPase and K+ excretion by furosemide and piretanide: Role of bradykinin. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2004; 15(-4-):876-884. >>> Furosemide; dexmethasone; diretanide; aldosterone; Hoe140; Saline; SC; IP; Rat; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy); solution was a pH 9.0; a third group was adrenalectomized and given dexamethasone and aldosterone by a SC ALZET pump; in a fifth set of experiments Hoe140 was infused SC.

P6654 Na,K.Y., Oh,Y.K., Han,J.S., Joo,K.W., Lee,J.S., Earm,J.H., Knepper,M.A., Kim,G.H. Upregulation of Na+ transporter abundances in response to chronic thiazide or loop diuretic treatment in rats. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2003; 284(-1-):F133-F143. >>> Furosemide; hydrochlorothiazide; Ethanolamine; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by daily urine analysis; no stress (see pg. F135); antihypertensive.

P6121 Kim,G.H., Na,K.Y., Kim,S.Y., Joo,K.W., Oh,Y.K., Chae,S.W., Endou,H., Han,J.S. Up-regulation of organic anion transporter 1 protein is induced by chronic furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide infusion in rat kidney. NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION 2003; 18(-8-):1505-1511. >>> Furosemide; hydrochlorothiazide; Ethanolamine; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Agents dissolved in 1.7% ethanolamine.

P6077 Lang,H., Schulte,B.A., Schmiedt,R.A. Effects of chronic furosemide treatment and age on cell division in the adult gerbil inner ear. JARO-JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY 2003; 4(-2-):164-175. >>> Furosemide; Ear (cochlea); Gerbil; 2004; 1 week; No stress (p. 165).

P5930 Wolf,K., Meier-Meitinger,M., Bergler,T., Castrop,H., Vitzthum,H., Riegger,G.A.J., Kurtz,A., Kraemer,B.K. Parallel down-regulation of chloride channel CLC-K1 and barttin mRNA in the thin ascending limb of the rat nephron by furosemide. PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 446(-6-):665-671. >>> Furosemide; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 6 days.

P5793 Castrop,H., Klar,J., Wagner,C., Hocherl,K., Kurtz,A. General inhibition of renocortical cyclooxygenase-2 expression by the renin-angiotensin system. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2003; 284(-3-):F518-F524. >>> Furosemide; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received empy mp.

P5769 Schweda,F., Wagner,C., Kramer,B.K., Schnermann,J., Kurtz,A. Preserved macula densa-dependent renin secretion in A(1) adenosine receptor knockout mice. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2003; 284(-4-):F770-F777. >>> Furosemide; Mice (knockout); 6 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; Furosemide is a loop diuretic.

P5362 Vitzthum,H., Abt,I., Einhellig,S., Kurtz,A. Gene expression of prostanoid forming enzymes along the rat nephron. Kidney International 2002; 62(-5-):1570-1581. >>> Furosemide; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days.

P5336 Schmiedt,R.A., Lang,H.N., Okamura,H., Schulte,B.A. Effects of furosemide applied chronically to the round window: A model of metabolic presbyacusis. Journal of Neuroscience 2002; 22(-21-):9643-9650. >>> Furosemide; SC; rat; 28 days; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; enzyme inhibitor (NOS).

P5078 Castrop,H., Vitzthum,H., Schumacher,K., Schweda,F., Kurtz,A. Low tonicity mediates a downregulation of cyclooxygenase-1 expression by furosemide in the rat renal papilla. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2002; 13(--):1136-1144. >>> Furosemide; SC; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; contorls received empty pumps; furosemide is a loop diuretic.

P5829 Kallskog,O., Nygren,K., Wolgast,M. Failure of loop diuretics to improve the long term outcome of ischemic damage in rat kidneys. UPSALA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2001; 106(-2-):151-160. >>> Furosemide; DMSO; NaOH; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (p.1336); 50% DMSO used; loop diurectic; spironolactone pellets used.

P4868 Wolf,K., Castrop,H., Riegger,G.A.J., Kurtz,A., Kramer,B.K. Differential gene regulation of renal salt entry pathways by salt load in the distal nephron of the rat. PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 2001; 442(--):498-504. >>> Furosemide; SC; rat; 2ML1; 6 days; no comments posted.

P4521 Terris,J, Ecelbarger,C.A, Sands,J.M, Knepper,M.A. Long-term regulation of renal urea transporter protein expression in rat.. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 1998/5; 9(--):729-736. >>> Vasopressin, arginine; Furosemide;; Dextrose; Acetic acid; Sodium Chloride;; rat;; 2002;; 5 days;; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; peptides;.

top of page

17. Guanabenz

P2311 Hamilton,C.A., Yakubu,M.A., Howie,C.A., Reid,J.L. Do centrally-acting antihypertensive drugs act at non-adrenergic as well as alpha-2 adrenoceptor sites?. Clin.and Exper.Hyper.-Theory and Practice 1992; A14(-5-):815-835. >>> Guanabenz; Clonidine; Rilmenidine; Water, sterile; Ethanol; IV (femoral); rabbit; 6 days; controls received mp w/ vehicles; agents are antihypertensives; mp and catheter embedded in thigh muscle; antihypertensive.

top of page

18. Hydralazine

P9054 Hao,Q., Su,H., Marchuk,D.A., Rola,R., Wang,Y.Q., Liu,W.Z., Young,W.L., Yang,G.Y. Increased tissue perfusion promotes capillary dysplasia in the ALK1-deficient mouse brain following VEGF stimulation. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2008; 295(-6-):H2250-H2256. >>> Hydralazine; nicardipine; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (adult, male, ALK1 +/-); fig. 1 illustrates cannula placement; cannula placement verified by CBF measurements.

P8901 Baumann,M., Janssen,B.J.A., Hermans,J.J.R., Peutz-Kootstra,C., Witzke,O., Smits,J.F.M., Boudier,H.A.J.S. Transient AT1 receptor-inhibition in prehypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rats results in maintained cardiac protection until advanced age. Journal of Hypertension 2007; 25(-1-):207-215. >>> Losartan; hydralazine; SC; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; animal info (Wistar-Kyoto, SHR, 1 month old); nephrology.

P8776 Baumann,M., Bartholome,R., Peutz-Kootstra,C.J., Smits,J.F.M., Struijker-Boudier,H.A.J. Sustained tubulo-interstitial protection in SHRs by transient losartan treatment: An effect of decelerated aging?. American Journal of Hypertension 2008; 21(-2-):177-182. >>> Losartan; hydralazine; antibody, anti-TGF-B1; antibody, anti-IgG-K1; SC; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; animal info (male, Wistar-Kyoto, SHR, 4 wks old).

P8687 Ikeda,F., Azuma,K., Ogihara,T., Toyofuku,Y., Otsuka,A., Mita,T., Hirose,T., Tanaka,Y., Kawamori,R., Watada,H. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker reduces monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Endocrine Journal 2007; 54(-4-):605-612. >>> Valsartan; hydralazine; PEG 400; Rat; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (table 1, p. 608); cardiovascular; antihypertensive; animal info (10 weeks, male, SHR/IZM); valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker; hydralazine is a vasodilator.

P8618 Kanamori,H., Takemura,G., Li,Y., Okada,H., Maruyama,R., Aoyama,T., Miyata,S., Esaki,M., Ogino,A., Nakagawa,M. Inhibition of Fas-associated apoptosis in granulation tissue cells accompanies attenuation of postinfarction left ventricular remodeling by olmesartan. American Journal of Physiology- Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2007; 292(-5-):H2184-H2194. >>> Hydralazine; olmesartan; SC; Mice; 4 weeks; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; cardiovascular; animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 10 weeks old, left coronary artery ligation; ischemia (cardiac).

P8612 Ito,N., Ohishi,M., Yamamoto,K., Tatara,Y., Shiota,A., Hayashi,N., Komai,N., Yanagitani,Y., Rakugi,H., Ogihara,T. Renin-angiotensin inhibition reverses advanced cardiac remodeling in aging spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am.J.Hypertens. 2007/7; 20(-7-):792-799. >>> Temocaprilat; olmesartan; hydralazine; IV (vena cava); Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; enzyme inhibitor (ACE); cardiovascular; antihypertensive; animal info (male, SHR, 50 weeks old, male, Wistar-Kyoto, 10 weeks old).

P6861 Fischer,J.W., Hawkins,S., Clowes,A.W. Pharmacologic inhibition of nitric oxide synthases and cyclooxygenases enhances intimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY 2004; 40(-1-):115-122. >>> Hydralazine; SC; Rat; 14 days; Controls received vehicle per gavage; cardiovascular; antihypertensive.

P5447 Ishizaka,N., Saito,K., Mitani,H., Yamazaki,I., Sata,M., Usui,S., Mori,I., Ohno,M., Nagai,R. Iron overload augments angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis and promotes neointima formation. Circulation 2002; 106(-14-):1840-1846. >>> Angiotensin II; hydralazine; losartan; norepinephrine; SC; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Antihypertensive.

P4845 Keen,H.L., Sigmund,C.D. Paradoxical regulation of short promoter human renin transgene by angiotensin II. Hypertension 2001; 37(--):403-407. >>> Angiotensin II; Hydralazine; Saline; SC; mice; 1007D; 5 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose response (graphs p. 404-405); cardiovascular; peptides; antihypertensive; Ang II infused at both a pressor and subpressor dose; Hydralazine is a peripheral vasodilator and was infused either alone or in conjunction with ANG II to lower or normalize blood pressure..

P3632 Tsuboi,Y., Shankland,S.J., Grande,J.P., Walker,H.J., Johnson,R.J., Dousa,T.P. Suppression of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis development in rats by inhibitors of cAMP phosphodiesterase isozymes types III and IV. J Clin Invest 1996; 98(-2-):262-270. >>> Lixazinone; Rolipram; hydralazine; Ascorbic acid; DMSO; butanol, tert-; saline; IP; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; agents plasma levels determined; enzyme inhibitor (isozyme cyclic-3,5-nucleotide phosphodiesterase); multiple pumps per animal (2); Lixazinone was dissolved in 10% ascorbic acid and tert-butanol; rolipram dissolved in 50% DMSO; hydralazine dissolved in saline.

P3440 Yamagata,M., Tannock,I.F. The chronic administration of drugs that inhibit the regulation of intracellular pH: in vitro and anti-tumour effects. Br.J.Cancer 1996; 73(--):1328-1334. >>> EIPA; Hydralazine; DIDS; Nigericin; ETOH; DMSO; SC; IP; mice; 1003D; 72 hours; cancer; toxicology; antihypertensive; DIDS is 4,4-diisothiocyanstilbene 2,2-disulphonic acid; EIPA is 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride; nigericin given alone and w/hydralazine; DIDS&EIPA placed in separate pumps (concomitant w/ nigericin treatment).

P2452 Janssen,B.J.A., Tyssen,C.M., Struyker-Boudier,H.A.J. Modification of circadian blood pressure and heart rate variability by five different antihypertensive agents in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 1991; 17(--):494-503. >>> Captopril; Metoprolol; Hydralazine; Clonidine; Prazosin; Water; DMSO; Ethanol; PEG 400; Saline; IV; rat; 2001; 2ML1; 4-6 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; antihypertensive.

P2145 van Krimpen,C., Smits,J.F.M., Cleutjens,J.P.M., Debets,J.J.M., Schoemaker,R.G., Struyker Boudier,H.A.J., Bosman,F.T., Daemen,M.J.A.P. DNA synthesis in the non-infarcted cardiac interstitium after left coronary artery ligation in the rat: effects of captopril. J.Mol.Cell.Cardiology 1991; 23(--):1245-1253. >>> Captopril; Hydralazine; Uridine, bromodeoxy-; SC; rat; 2001; 1,7,14 days; pumps replaced at 7 days; toxicology; enzyme inhibitor (ACE); pumps used for drug admin. and cell labeling (1D and 7D labeling); multiple pumps per animal (2); antihypertensive.

P0995 Rosenbaum,J.S., Ginsburg,R., Billingham,M.E., Hoffman,B.B. Effects of adrenergic receptor antagonists on cardiac morphological and functional alterations in rats harboring pheochromocytoma. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1987; 241(-1-):354-360. >>> Hydralazine HCl; Timolol maleate; Phentolamine HCl; Rat; 2-3 weeks; rats implanted w/ pheochromocytoma tumor; antihypertensive.

top of page

19. Hydrochlorothiazide

P7067 Lee,C.T., Shang,S.H., Lai,L.W., Yong,K.C., Lien,Y.H.H. Effect of thiazide on renal gene expression of apical calcium channels and calbindins. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2004; 287(-6-):F1164-F1170. >>> Hydrochlorothiazide; PEG 300; SC; Mice; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; antihypertensive.

P3781 Loffing,J., Loffing-Cueni,D., Hegyi,I., Kaplan,M.R., Hebert,S.C., Le Hir,M., Kaissling,B. Thiazide treatment of rats provokes apoptosis in distal tubule cells. Kidney Int. 1996; 50(--):1180-1190. >>> Metolazone; Hydrochlorothiazide; PEG 300; SC; rat; 2ML1; 3 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; dose-response; no stress (see pg. 1183); toxicology.

top of page

20. Imidapril

P5298 Kurosawa,Y., Katoh,M., Doi,H., Narita,H. Tissue Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity plays an important role in pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis in rats. J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol 2002/4; 39(-4-):600-609. >>> Imidapril; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; enzyme inhibitor; imidapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.

P5293 Kakoki,M., Hirata,Y., Hayakawa,H., Tojo,A., Nagata,D., Suzuki,E., Kimura,K., Goto,A., Kikuchi,K., Nagano,T., Omata,M. Effects of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia on endothelin type B receptor-mediated nitric oxide release from rat kidney. Circulation 1999/3/9; 99(-9-):1242-1248. >>> Imidapril; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Cardiovascular; enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor).

P4062 Hirata,Y., Hayakawa,H., Kakoki,M., Tojo,A., Suzuki,E., Kimura,K., Goto,A., Kikuchi,K., Nagano,T., Hirobe,M., Omata,M. Nitric oxide release from kidneys of hypertensive rats treated with imidapril. Hypertension 1996; 27(-pt 2-):672-678. >>> Imidapril; Saline, sterile; SC; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; dose-response (1 or 10 mg/kg); antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

top of page

21. Isoproterenol

P9165 Hanada,K., Asari,K., Saito,M., Kawana,J.I., Mita,M., Ogata,H. Comparison of pharmacodynamics between carvedilol and metoprolol in rats with isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy: Effects of carvedilol enantiomers. European Journal of Pharmacology 2008; 589(-1-3-):194-200. >>> Isoproterenol; metoprolol; carvedilol, S-; carvedilol, R-; Polyethylene glycol; water, distilled; IP; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Animal info (male, Wistar, 200-230 g.).

P9122 Tofovic,S.P., Zhang,X.C., Zhu,H., Jackson,E.K., Rafikova,O., Petrusevska,G. 2-ethoxyestradiol is antimitogenic and attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling. VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 48(-4-6-):174-183. >>> Isoproterenol; estradiol, 2-ethoxy; estradiol, 2-hydroxy; estradiol, 2-methoxy; HCl; PEG 400; Rat; 2001; 2ML1; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley); estradiol metabolite; cardiovascular.

P8849 LaCroix,C., Freeling,J., Giles,A., Wess,J., Li,Y.F. Deficiency of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors increases susceptibility of ventricular function to chronic adrenergic stress. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2008; 294(-2-):H810-H820. >>> Isoproterenol; SC; Mice; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; comparison of IV injections vs. mp; cardiovascular; animal info (male, 129J1 x CF1, wt, M2-AChR -/-, 2-3 months old, 30g.).

P8837 Sadayappan,S., Finley,N., Howarth,J.W., Osinska,H., Klevitsky,R., Lorenz,J.N., Rosevear,P.R., Robbins,J. Role of the acidic N' region of cardiac troponin I in regulating myocardial function. FASEB Journal 2008; 22(-4-):1246-1257. >>> Isoproterenol; Ascorbid acid; PBS; SC; Mice (transgenic); 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardivascular; animal info (FVB, NTG, cTnI delta 2-11 tg; 12 wks old).

P8804 Patrizio,M., Musumeci,M., Stati,T., Fecchi,K., Mattei,E., Catalano,L., Marano,G. Propranolol promotes Egr1 gene expression in cardiomyocytes via beta-adrenoceptors. European Journal of Pharmacology 2008; 587(-1-3-):85-89. >>> Propranolol; metoprolol; isoproterenol; SC; Mice; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, C57BL/6, wt, B1 and B2-adrenoceptor double K/O; 12 wks old).

P8786 Vinge,L.E., von Lueder,T.G., Aasum,E., Qvigstad,E., Gravning,J.A., How,O.J., Edvardsen,T., Bjornerheim,R., Ahmed,M.S., Mikkelsen,B.W., Oie,E., Attramadal,T., Skomedal,T., Smiseth,O.A., Koch,W.J., Larsen,T.S., Havard,Attramadal. Cardiac-restricted expression of the carboxyl-terminal fragment of GRK3 uncovers distinct functions of GRK3 in regulation of cardiac contractility and growth - GRK3 controls cardiac alpha1-adrenergic receptor responsiveness. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2008; 283(-16-):10601-10610. >>> Phenylephrine; isoproterenol HCl; Saline; SC; Mice (transgenic); 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, NCL, Tg-GRK3-ct, 9 months old); a1-adrenergic receptor agonist, B-Adrenergic receptor agonist.

P8784 Shen,W.H., Chen,Z., Shi,S., Chen,H.Y., Zhu,W.Q., Penner,A., Bu,G.X., Li,W., Boyle,D.W., Rubart,M., Field,L.J., Abraham,R., Liechty,E.A., Shou,W.N. Cardiac restricted overexpression of kinase-dead mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) mutant impairs the mTOR-mediated signaling and cardiac function. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2008; 283(-20-):13842-13849. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline; SC; Mice (transgenic); 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, DBA/2J, wt, aMHC-mTORKd tg, 3 months old).

P8744 Noma,T., Lemaire,A., Prasad,S.V.N., harrington,L.B., Tilley,D.G., Chen,J., Le Corvoisier,P., Violin,J.D., Wei,H., Lefkowitz,R.J., Rockman,H.A. beta-arrestin-mediated beta1-adrenergic receptor transactivation of the EGFR confers cardioprotection. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2007; 117(-9-):2445-2458. >>> Isoproterenol; Ascorbic acid; Mice; mice (transgenic); 1007D; 1002; 2 weeks; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 6); cardiovascular; animal info (C57BL/6; WTB1AR Tg; GRK-B1AR Tg; PKA-B1AR Tg).

P8741 Nakayama,H., Chen,X., Baines,C.P., Klevitsky,R., Zhang,X., Zhang,H., Jaleel,N., Chua,B.H.L., Hewett,T.E., Robbins,J., Houser,S.R., Molkentin,J.D. Ca2+- and mitochondrial-dependent cardiomyocyte necrosis as a primary mediator of heart failure. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2007; 117(-9-):2431-2444. >>> Isoproterenol; PBS; SC; Mice; mice (transgenic); 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (Bcl-2 tg; Mlp -/-; tTa tg; DTG; wt).

P8667 Purcell,N.H., Wilkins,B.J., York,A., Saba-El-Leil,M.K., Meloche,S., Robbins,J., Molkentin,J.D. Genetic inhibition of cardiac ERK1/2 promotes stress-induced apoptosis and heart failure but has no effect on hypertrophy in vivo. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2007; 104(-35-):14074-14079. >>> Isoproterenol; angiotensin II; Saline; SC; Mice; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (Erk1 null).

P8596 Matzdorf,C., Kurtz,A., Hocherl,K. COX-2 activity determines the level of renin expression but is dispensable for acute upregulation of renin expression in rat kidneys. American Journal of Physiology- Renal Physiology 2007; 292(-6-):F1782-F1790. >>> Isoproterenol; furosemide; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 2 days; Animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 180-200 grams, left renal artery stenosis); renovascular hypertension.

P8563 Ulucan,C., Wang,X., Baljinnyam,E., Bai,Y., Okumura,S., Sato,M., Minamisawa,S., Hirotani,S., Ishikawa,Y. Developmental changes in gene expression of Epac and its upregulation in myocardial hypertrophy. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2007; 293(-3-):H1662-H1672. >>> Isoproterenol; PBS; ascorbic acid; SC; Mice; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (13 week old mice).

P8561 Okumura,S., Vatner,D.E., Kurotani,R., Bai,Y., Gao,S.M., Yuan,Z.R., Iwatsubo,K., Ulucan,C., Kawabe,J., Ghosh,K., Vatner,S.F., Ishikawa,Y. Disruption of type 5 adenylyl cyclase enhances desensitization of cyclic adenosine monophosphate signal and increases Akt signal with chronic catecholamine stress. Circulation 2007; 116(-16-):1776-1783. >>> Isoproterenol; Mice; mice (transgenic); 2001; 7-14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, 4-5 months old).

P8492 Srivastava,S., Chandrasekar,B., Gu,Y., Luo,J., Hamid,T., Hill,B.G., Prabhu,S.D. Downregulation of CuZn-superoxide dismutase contributes toβ-adrenergic receptor-mediated oxidative stress in the heart. Cardiovascular Research 2007; 74(-3-):445-455. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline; IP; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (adult, male, wistar, 250-350 g).

P8491 Schroder,E., Magyar,J., Burgess,D., Andres,D., Satin,J. Chronic verapamil treatment remodels ICa,L in mouse ventricle. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2007; 292(-4-):H1906-H1916. >>> Verapamil; isoproterenol; Ascorbic acid; SC; Mice; 2001; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (F or M, ICR mice, 12-14 weeks old, 25 or 30 grams); drugs delivered together for one group; 0.02% ascorbic acid.

P8479 Whalen,E.J., Foster,M.W., Matsumoto,A., Ozawa,K., Violin,J.D., Que,L.G., Nelson,C.D., Benhar,M., Keys,J.R., Rockman,H.A., Koch,W.J., Daaka,Y., Lefkowitz,R.J., Stamler,J.S. Regulation of beta-adrenergic receptor signaling by S-nitrosylation of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2. Cell 2007; 129(-3-):511-522. >>> Isoproterenol; GSNO; PBS; IV (jugular); Mice; ; Cardiovascular; agent is also known as nitrosoglutathione.

P8352 Trivedi,C.M., Luo,Y., Yin,Z., Zhang,M.Z., Zhu,W.T., Wang,T., Floss,T., Goettlicher,M., Noppinger,P.R., Wurst,W., Ferrari,V.A., Abrams,C.S., Gruber,P.J., Epstein,J.A. Hdac2 regulates the cardiac hypertrophic response by modulating Gsk3 beta activity. Nature Medicine 2007; 13(-3-):324-331. >>> Isoproterenol; PBS; SC; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (2 months old).

P8335 Zhang,G.X., Ohmori,K., Nagai,Y., Fujisawa,Y., Nishiyama,A., Abe,Y., Kimura,S. Role of AT1 receptor in isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and oxidative stress in mice. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2007; 42(-4-):804-811. >>> Isoproterenol; angiotensin II; Saline; SC; Mice; 2002; 11 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 805); cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, C57BL/6, 25 grams, 10 weeks old, male, 11 weeks old, 25-30 grams).

P8321 Sadayappan,S., Osinska,H., Klevitsky,R., Lorenz,J.N., Sargent,M., Molkentin,J.D., Seidman,C.E., Seidman,J.G., Robbins,J. Cardiac myosin binding protein C phosphorylation is cardioprotective. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2006; 103(-45-):16918-16923. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline; ascorbic acid; Mice (transgenic); 4 weeks; 2 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; ischemia (cardiac); animal info (10 weeks old).

P8241 Chen,H., Yong,W.D., Ren,S.X., Shen,W.H., He,Y.Z., Cox,K.A., Zhu,W.Q., Li,W., Soonpaa,M., Payne,R.M., Franco,D., Field,L.J., Rosen,V., Wang,Y.B., Shou,W.N. Overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 10 in myocardium disrupts cardiac postnatal hypertrophic growth. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2006; 281(-37-):27481-27491. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline; Mice (transgenic); 2001; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, 3 months old).

P8204 Matkovich,S.J., Diwan,A., Klanke,J.L., Hammer,D.J., Marreez,Y., Odley,A.M., Brunskill,E.W., Koch,W.J., Schwartz,R.J., Dorn,GW II. Cardiac-specific ablation of G-protein receptor kinase 2 redefines its roles in heart development and beta-adrenergic signaling. Circulation Research 2006; 99(-9-):996-1003. >>> Isoproterenol; SC; Mice; 8, 14 days; Dose-response (fig.5); cardiovascular; animal info (129/C57BL6 wt, GRK2F/F, GRK2del).

P8179 Fan,G.C., Yuan,Q.Y., Song,G.J., Wang,Y.G., Chen,G.L., Qian,J., Zhou,X.Y., Lee,Y.J., Ashraf,M., Kranias,E.G. Small heat-shock protein Hsp20 attenuates beta-agonist-mediated cardiac remodeling through apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1. Circulation Research 2006; 99(-11-):1233-1242. >>> Isoproterenol; Mice (transgenic); mice; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, FVB/N, Hsp20 TG or wt, 10 weeks old).

P8165 Bush,E.W., Hood,D.B., Papst,P.J., Chapo,J.A., Minobe,W., Bristow,M.R., Olson,E.N., McKinsey,T.A. Canonical transient receptor potential channels promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through activation of calcineurin signaling. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2006; 281(-44-):33487-33496. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline, sterile; sodium bisulfite; SC; Rat; 4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 8-9 weeks old, 200-225 grams, thoracic aortic banding).

P8124 Li,B.L., Dedman,J.R., Kaetzel,M.A. Nuclear Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the murine heart. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2006; 1763(-11-):1275-1281. >>> Isoproterenol; SC; Mice (transgenic); mice; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; cardiovascular; animal info (FVB/N wt and NLS-AIP4 tg, 3-4 months old).

P8092 Jaehnig,E.J., Heidt,A.B., Greene,S.B., Cornelissen,I., Black,B.L. Increased susceptibility to isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and impaired weight gain in mice lacking the histidine-rich calcium-binding protein. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 26(-24-):9315-9326. >>> Isoproterenol; PBS; SC; Mice; 2002; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, C57BL/6 wt or HRC null, 6 months old).

P8089 Gebhard,C., Petroktistis,F., Zhang,H., Kammerer,D., Koehle,C., Klingel,K., Albinus,M., Gleiter,C.H., Osswald,H., Grenz,A. Role of renal nerves and salt intake on erythropoietin secretion in rats following carbon monoxide exposure. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2006; 319(-1-):111-116. >>> Isoproterenol; neuropeptide Y, [Leu31, Pro34]-; neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonist; IV (jugular); Rat; 1003D; 16 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; half-life (p.115) "short" for isoproterenol; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-320g.).

P8077 Menon,B., Krishnamurthy,P., Kaverina,E., Johnson,J.N., Ross,R.S., Singh,M., Singh,K. Expression of the cytoplasmic domain of beta 1 integrin induces apoptosis in adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVM) via the involvement of caspase-8 and mitochondrial death pathway. Basic Research In Cardiology 2006; 101(-6-):485-493. >>> Isoproterenol HCL, L-; Saline, acidified isotonic; SC; Mice; 2004; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (16 wks old).

P8030 Yuan,Q.Q., Fan,G.C., Dong,M., Altschafl,B., Diwan,A., Ren,X.P., Hahn,H.H., Zhao,W., Waggoner,J.R., Jones,L.R., Jones,W.K., Bers,D.M., Dorn,GW II, Wang,H.S., Valdivia,H.H., Chu,G.X., Kranias,E.G. Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium overloading in junctin deficiency enhances cardiac contractility but increases ventricular automaticity. Circulation 2007; 115(-3-):300-309. >>> Isoproterenol; SC; Mice; 2002; 2 weeks; Cardiovascular.

P8022 Nakayama,H., Wilkin,B.J., Bodi,I., Molkentin,J.D. Calcineurin-dependent cardiomyopathy is activated by TRPC in the adult mouse heart. FASEB Journal 2006; 20(-10-):1660-1670. >>> Phenylephrine; isoproterenol; angiotensin II; PBS; SC; Mice; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

P7998 Usui,S., Yao,A., Hatano,M., Kohmoto,O., Takahashi,T., Nagai,R., Kinugawa,K.I. Upregulated neurohumoral factors are associated with left ventricular remodeling and poor prognosis in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. CIRCULATION JOURNAL 2006; 70(-9-):1208-1215. >>> Angiotensin II; isoproterenol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 8 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; blood pressure taken; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, Wistar, 12 weeks old, 260-300 grams).

P7992 Wagner,C., de Wit,C., Kurtz,L., Gruenberger,C., Kurtz,A., Schweda,F. Connexin40 is essential for the pressure control of renin synthesis and secretion. Circulation Research 2007; 100(-4-):556-563. >>> Isoproterenol; SC; Mice; 2 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; blood pressure taken; cardiovascular; animal info (12-20 weeks old, male, C57BL/6).

P7983 Zhong,W.G., Mao,S.Y., Tobis,S., Angelis,E., Jordan,M.C., Roos,K.P., Fishbein,M.C., de Alboran,I.M., MacLellan,W.R. Hypertrophic growth in cardiac myocytes is mediated by Myc through a cyclin D2-dependent pathway. Embo Journal 2006; 25(-16-):3869-3879. >>> Isoproterenol; SC; Mice; 2001; 7 days; Cardiovascular; animal info (10 weeks old).

P7873 Membrez,M., Hummler,E., Beermann,F., Haefliger,J.A., Savioz,R., Pedrazzini,T., Thorens,B. GLUT8 is dispensable for embryonic development but influences hippocampal neurogenesis and heart function. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 26(-11-):4268-4276. >>> Isoproterenol; Mice; 2002; 14 days; Cardiovascular; animal info (C57BL/6, glut8-/-, +/+).

P7828 Tokuhisa,T., Yano,M., Obayashi,M., Noma,T., Mochizuki,M., Oda,T., Okuda,S., Doi,M., Liu,J.Y., Ikeda,Y., Yamamoto,T., Ohkusa,T., Matsuzaki,M. AT1 receptor antagonist restores cardiac ryanodine receptor function, rendering isoproterenol-induced failing heart less susceptible to Ca2+-leak induced by oxidative stress. CIRCULATION JOURNAL 2006; 70(-6-):777-786. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline; IP; Rat; 2ML4; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, Wistar, ISO-induced LV dysfunction).

P7745 Song,K., Backs,J., McAnally,J., Qi,X., Gerard,R.D., Richardson,J.A., Hill,J.A., Bassel-Duby,R., Olson,E.N. The transcriptional coactivator CAMTA2 stimulates cardiac growth by opposing class II histone deacetylases. Cell 2006; 125(-3-):453-466. >>> Angiotensin II; isoproterenol; Saline; SC; Mice; 2001; 7,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (8 wk. old (AngII), 16 wk. old (iso), CAMTA2 -/-).

P7721 Maron,M.B., Folkesson,H.G., Stader,S.M., Walro,J.M. PKA delivery to the distal lung air spaces increases alveolar liquid clearance after isoproterenol-induced alveolar epithelial PKA desensitization. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 289(-2-):L349-L354. >>> Isoproterenol bitartrate; HCL; SC; Rat; 2001; 48 hours; Controls received no treatment as previous study showed no difference from vehicle infused; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-300g.); mp primed in 37 degree Celsius saline overnight.

P7658 McQueen,A.P., Zhang,D.F., Hu,P., Swenson,L., Yang,Y., Zaha,V.G., Hoffman,J.L., Yun,U.J., Chakrabarti,G., Wang,Z.M., Albertine,K.H., Abel,E.D., Litwin,S.E. Contractile dysfunction in hypertrophied hearts with deficient insulin receptor signaling: possible role of reduced capillary density. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2005; 39(-6-):882-892. >>> Isoproterenol; PBS; ascorbic acid; SC; Mice; 2, 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg.884); cardiovascular; ischemia (cardiac); animal info (CIRKO, WT, male, 20-30 g, 12-15 wk. old); echocardiography.

P7509 Wang,H., Oestreich,E.A., Maekawa,N., Bullard,T.A., Vikstrom,K.L., Dirksen,R.T., Kelley,G.G., Blaxall,B.C., Smrcka,A.V. Phospholipase C epsilon modulates beta-adrenergic receptor dependent cardiac contraction and inhibits cardiac hypertrophy. Circulation Research 2005; 97(-12-):1305-1313. >>> Isoproterenol; PBS; abscorbic acid; Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (CL57/B6, male 8, 12 wk old).

P7242 Morello,F., de Boer,R.A., Steffensen,K.R., Gnecchi,M., Chisholm,J.W., Boomsma,F., Anderson,L.M., Lawn,R.M., Gustafsson,J.A., Lopez-Ilasaca,M., Pratt,R.E., Dzau,V.J. Liver X receptors alpha and beta regulate renin expression in vivo. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2005; 115(-7-):1913-1922. >>> Isoproterenol; Saline; SC; Mice; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or no treatment; B- adrenergic agonist.

P7235 Freund,C., Schmidt-Ullrich,R., Baurand,A., Dunger,S., Schneider,W., Loser,P., El-Jamali,A., Dietz,R., Scheidereit,C., Bergmann,M.W. Requirement of nuclear factor-kappa B in angiotensin II- and isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Circulation 2005; 111(-18-):2319-2325. >>> Angiotensin II; isoproterenol; Saline, physiological; acetic acid; SC; Mice (transgenic); 1002; 7, 12, 14 days; Controls received sham operation; cardiovascular; peptides.

top of page

22. Ketanserin

P5895 Jorgensen,H., Knigge,U., Kjaer,A., Warberg,J. Serotonergic involvement in stress-induced vasopressin and oxytocin secretion. European Journal of Endocrinology 2002; 147(-6-):815-824. >>> Ketanserin; Ly-53857; ICS-205930; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2ML4; 24 hours; Stylet used; pump implanted IP; drugs were 5-ht antagonists.

top of page

23. Losartan

R0217 Papademetriou,V. The potential role of AT1-receptor blockade in the prevention and reversal of atherosclerosis. Journal of Human Hypertension 2002; 16(--):S34-S41. >>> Losartan; Monkey; 6 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET pumps mentioned on p. 537, ref #38.

R0176 Head,G.A., Saigusa,T., Mayorov,D.N. Angiotensin and baroreflex control of the circulation. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2002; 35(-9-):1047-1059. >>> Losartan; Saline; SC; Hamster; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; AT, receptor anlagonist; cardiomyopathx.

P5564 Huang,B.S., Leenen,F.H. Both brain angiotensin II and "ouabain" contribute to sympathoexcitation and hypertension in Dahl S rats on high salt intake. Hypertension 1998/12; 32(-6-):1028-1033. >>> Losartan; antibody, fab fragments; gamma globulin; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ gamma globulins; pumps replaced after 2 weeks.

P5491 Gruhn,N., Boesgaard,S., Andersen,C., Aldershvile,J. Nitroglycerin tolerance: Different mechanisms in vascular segments with or without intact endothelial function. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2002; 40(-2-):201-209. >>> Nitroglycerin; losartan; Saline; ethanol; SC; IV; Rat; 2ML1; 3 days; multiple pumps per animal (2).

P5296 Huang,B.S., Leenen,F.H. Brain renin-angiotensin system and ouabain-induced sympathetic hyperactivity and hypertension in Wistar rats. Hypertension 1999/7; 34(-1-):107-112. >>> Ouabain; Losartan; Saline; CSF, artificial; SC; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antihypertensive; ouabain was dissolved in saline and delivered sc; losartan dissolved in aCSF and delivered ICV; guide cannula used for 5-7 day recovery period; cannula patency verified w methylene blue staining.

P5286 Robert,V., Heymes,C., Silvestre,J.S., Sabri,A., Swynghedauw,B., Delcayre,C. Angiotensin AT1 receptor subtype as a cardiac target of aldosterone: role in aldosterone-salt-induced fibrosis. Hypertension 1999/4; 33(-4-):981-986. >>> Aldosterone; Losartan; Saline; Ethanol; Rat; 2002; 1 month; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (nephrectomy); cardiovascular.

P5113 Fukai,T, Siegfried,M.R., Ushio-Fukai,M, Griendling,K.K., Harrison,D.G. Modulation of extracellular superoxide dismutase expression by angiotensin II and hypertension. Circulation Research 1999; 85(--):23-28. >>> Angiotensin II, [Val 5]; Norepinephrine; Losartan; SC; mice; 2002; 7 days; controls received empty pump or sham surgery; cardiovascular; peptides; antihypertensive; some animals received 2 pumps for treatment with both Ang II and Losartan simultaneously; losartan is an AT1 receptor antagonist.

P4812 Nakata,T., Takeda,K., Harada,S., Oguni,A., Hatta,T., Kawa,T., Itoh,H., Sasaki,S., Nakagawa,M. Role of the central nervous system in the development of hypertension produced by chronic nitric oxide blockade in rats.. Hypertension Res 2001; 24(-1-):39-45. >>> Losartan;; IP;; rat;; 2001;; 2 weeks;; dose-response (p. 448); cardiovascular;.

P4506 Fang,T-C, Huang,W-C. Angiotensin receptor blockade blunts hyperinsulinemia-induced hypertension in rats.. Hypertension 1998; 32(--):235-242. >>> Insulin; PD123319; Losartan;; Glycerin; Ethanol; Saline;; SC;; rat;; 2002;; 6 weeks;; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; long-term study, pump replaced every 14 days; peptides; cardiovascular; insulin given singly or concomitantly w/losartan or PD 123319 from separate pumps; penicillin given at time of surgery..

P4360 Gaudet,E., Godwin,S.J., Head,G.A. Effects of central infusion of ANG II and losartan on the cardiac baroreflex in rabbits. Am.J.Physiol.(Heart Circ.Physiol) 2000; 278(--):H558-H566. >>> Angiotensin II; Losartan;; Ringer's solution;; CSF/CNS (fourth ventricle);; rabbit;; 2ML2;; 2 weeks;; controls received mp with vehicle; peptides; cardiovascular; human IIe AII used;.

P4262 Zhang,W., Huang,B.S., Leenen,F.H.H. Brain renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic hyperactivity in rats after myocardial infarction. Am.J.Physiol.(Heart Circ.Physiol.45) 1999; 276(--):H1608-H1615. >>> Losartan; Saline, physiological; CSF/CNS; SC; rat; 2002; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle or sham operation; cardiovascular; L-shaped stainless steel cannulae used.

P4158 Fang,T.-C., Huang,W.-C. Role of angiotensin II hyperinsulinemia-induced hypertension in rats. J.Hypertens. 1998; 16(--):1767-1774. >>> Insulin, porcine; Losartan; Glycerin; Ethanol; SC; rat; 2002; 6 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; pumps replaced after 14 days; peptides; cardiovascular.

P4060 Blair-West,J.R., Carey,K.D., Denton,D.A., Weisinger,R.S., Shade,R.E. Evidence that brain angiotensin II is involved in both thirst and sodium appetite in baboons. Am.J.Physiol.(Regulatory Integrative Comp.Physiol.44) 1998; 275(--):R1639-R1646. >>> Angiotensin II; Losartan potassium; ZD-7155; Ethanol; CSF, artificial;; SC; CSF/CNS;; Monkey (baboon); 2ML1; 2ML2; 2ML4; no duration posted; controls received mp w/vehicle; amoxicillin and buprenorphine given post-operatively; good methods; aCSF delivered during 1-2 week surgical recovery period; vehicle and compound-filled pumps were alternated; some pumps were filled with peptide and antagonist; ZD-7155 is an AT1 receptor antagonist; peptides; antihypertensive.

P4058 Baba,H.A., Iwai,T., Bauer,M., Irlbeck,M., Schmid,K.W., Zimmer,H.-G. Differential effects of angiotensin II receptor blockade on pressure-induced left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis in rats. J.Mol.Cell.Cardiology 1999; 31(--):445-455. >>> Losartan; IP; rat; 2002; 2 weeks; antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

P4003 Huang,B.S., Veerasingham,S.J., Leenen,F.H.H. Brain "ouabain," ANG II, and sympathoexcitation by chronic central sodium loading in rats. Am.J.Physiol.(Heart Circ.Physiol.43) 1998; 274(-43-):H1269-H1276. >>> Antibody, fab fragments; gamma globulin; losartan; CSF, artificial;; CSF/CNS;; rat; 2ML2; 14 days; no comment posted.

P3615 Kohzuki,M., Yasujima,M., Liu,P.F., Obara,K., Kanazawa,M., Yoshida,K., Saito,T., Sato,T., Abe,K. Cardiovascular and renal protective effects of losartan in spontaneously hypertensive rats with diabetes mellitus. Clin.Exp.Pharmacol.Physiol. 1995; SUPPL(-1-):S366-S367. >>> Losartan; Captopril; IP; rat; 2ML4; 8 weeks; controls received no treatment; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; agents given singly and together.

P3545 Foucart,S., Patrick,S.K., Oster,L., De Champlain,J. Effects of chronic treatment with losartan and enalaprilat on 3H-norepinephrine release from isolated atria of wistar-kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am.J.Hypertens. 1995; 9(--):61-69. >>> Losartan; Enalaprilat; SC; rat; 2002; 12 days; controls received sham operations; antihypertensive; pumps placed on flank; cardiovascular.

P3512 Yang,E-K., Lee,W.-J., Park,Y.-Y., Ahn,D.-K., Park,J.-S., Kim,H.-J. Effects of chronic central administration of losartan on the cardiovascular and hormonal responses to hemorrhage in conscious rats. Regul.Pept. 1996; 67(--):107-113. >>> Losartan; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 6 days; controls received mp w/ aCSF; penicillin given prophylactically.

P3324 Yosipiv,I.V., El-Dahr,S.S. Developmental regulation of ACE gene expression by endogenous kinins and angiotensin II. Am.J.Physiol.(Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol.38) 1995; 269(--):F172-F179. >>> Aprotinin; Hoe 140; Losartan; SC; rat; 5,7 days; controls received mp w/saline.

P3299 Morrell,N.W., Morris,K.G., Stenmark,K.R. Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II in development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Am.J.Physiol.(Heart Circ.Physiol.38) 1995; 269(--):H1186-H1194. >>> Captopril; PD123319; CP-0597; Losartan; PBS; IP; rat; 2ML2; 14 days; controls received mp w/PBS; antihypertensive; CP-0597 is a B2-receptor antagonist.

P2790 Kohzuki,M., Yasujima,M., Kanazawa,M., Yoshida,K., Fu,L.P., Obara,K., Saito,T., Abe,K. Antihypertensive and renal-protective effects of losartan in streptozotocin diabetic rats. J.Hypertens. 1995; 13(--):97-103. >>> Losartan; Captopril; IP; rat; 2ML4; 8 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study, pumps replaced; agents infused separately and concomitantly; antihypertensive.

P2138 Smits,J.F.M., van Krimpen,C., Schoemaker,R.G., Cleutjens,J.P.M., Daemen,M.J.A.P. Angiotensin II receptor blockade after myocardial infarction in rats: effects on hemodynamics, myocardial DNA synthesis, and interstitial collagen content. J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 1992; 20(-5-):772-778. >>> Losartan; Uridine, bromodeoxy-; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 7,14 days; pumps replaced after 7 days; pumps used for drug admin and cell labeling; losartan also called DuP 753; multiple pumps per animal (2); antihypertensive.

top of page

24. Metoprolol

P9041 Signolet,I.L., Bousquet,P.P., Monassier,L.J.P. Improvement of cardiac Diastolic function by long-term centrally mediated sympathetic inhibition in one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rabbits. American Journal of Hypertension 2008; 21(-1-):54-60. >>> Rilmenidine; metoprolol; SC; Rabbit; 2ML2; 6 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (New Zealand, White, 4-6 wks old, male, 0.7-0.9 kg., nephrectomized); long-term study.

P8761 Hildreth,C.M., Padley,J.R., Pilowsky,P.M., Goodchild,A.K. Impaired serotonergic regulation of heart rate may underlie reduced baroreflex sensitivity in an animal model of depression. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2008; 294(-1-):H474-H480. >>> Metoprolol; atropine methylnitrate; SC; Rat; 3 days; Cardiovascular; post op. care (carprofen, cephazolan); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley Flinders Resistive Line, Flinders Sensitive Line, 10-14 wks old).

P7039 Kitagawa,Y., Yamashita,D., Ito,H., Takaki,M. Reversible effects of isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy on in situ left ventricular function in rat hearts. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2004; 287(-1-):H277-H285. >>> Isoproterenol; metoprolol; Saline; ascorbic acid; SC; Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); cardiovascular.

P4481 Diabona,G.F, Sawin,L.L. Effect of metoprolol administration on renal sodium handling in experimental congestive heart failure.. Circulation 1999; 100(--):82-86. >>> Metoprolol;; Water, distilled;; IP;; rat;; 4 weeks;; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma metoprolol levels; antihypertensive; cardiovascular;.

P3978 Latini,R., Masson,S., Jeremic,G., Luvara,G., Fiordaliso,F., Calvillo,L., Bernasconi,R., Torri,M., Rondelli,I., Razzetti,I., Bongrani,S. Comparative efficacy of a DA2/a2 agonist and a B-blocker in reducing adrenergic drive and cardiac fibrosis in an experimental model of left ventricular dysfunction after coronary artery occlusion. J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 1998; 31(--):601-608. >>> CHF-1024; Metoprolol; Ascorbic acid; Water, distilled; SC; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; cardiovascular; controls received mp w/vehicle.

P3010 Davila,D., Davila,T. The effect of continuous administration of adrenergic drugs on cardiovascular structures and plasma renin activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Proc.8th Cong.of Yug.Pharmac.Soc., Sept.1982 1982; (--):38-40. >>> Isoproterenol HCl; Phenoxybenzamine HCl; Phentolamine; Oxprenolol HCl; Metoprolol tartrate; SC; rat; 1701; 7 days; isoproterenol is a beta-adrenergic agonist; phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine are alpha-adrenergic blockers; oxoprenolol and metoprolol are beta-adrenergic blockers; antihypertensive.

P2297 Sun,Y.-P., Zhu,B.-Q., Sievers,R.E., Glantz,S.A., Parmley,W.W. Metoprolol does not attenuate atherosclerosis in lipid-fed rabbits exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Circulation 1994; 89(--):2260-2265. >>> Metoprolol; SC; rabbit; 10 weeks; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels of metoprolol; long-term study, pumps replaced every 3 weeks; antihypertensive.

P1955 Fu,L.X., Bergh,C.-H., Hoebeke,J., Liang,Q.M., Sjogren,K.G., Waagstein,F., Hjalmarson,A. Effect of metoprolol on activity of B-adrenoceptor coupled to guanine nucleotide binding regulatory proteins in adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity. Basic Res.Cardiol. 1991; 86(--):117-126. >>> Metoprolol; Saline; SC; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/ saline; toxicology; antihypertensive.

P1346 Johnson,D.A., Cortez,J.E. Chronic treatment with beta adrenergic agonists and antagonists alters the composition of proteins in rat parotid saliva. J.Dent.Res. 1988; 67(-8-):1103-1108. >>> Metoprolol; Propranolol; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; comparison of ip injections vs mp infusion; no stress; antihypertensive.

P1004 Angeras,U., Hasselgren,P.-O. Protein degradation in skeletal muscle during experimental hyperthyroidism in rats and the effect of beta-blocking agents. Endocrinology 1987; 120(--):1417-1421. >>> Metoprolol; Propranolol; Water; SC; rat; 2002; 11 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; antihypertensive.

P0159 Brenner,G.M., Wulf,R.G. Adrenergic beta receptors mediating submandibular salivary gland hypertrophy in the rat. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1981; 218(-3-):608-612. >>> Metoprolol; SC; Rat; 1701; ; Antihypertensive.

top of page

25. Minoxidil HCL

P1899 Kuo,Y.-J., Keeton,T.K. Captopril increases norepinephrine spillover rate in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1991; 258(-1-):223-231. >>> Minoxidil HCl; Captopril; Enalaprilat; Acetic acid; Ethanol; Propylene glycol; Saline; Water; SC; rat; 5 days; no comment posted; antihypertensive.

top of page

26. Moxonidine

R0228 Mukaddam-Daher,S., Gutkowska,J. Imidazoline receptors in the heart: a novel target and a novel mechanism of action that involves atrial natriuretic peptides. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2004; 37(-8-):1239-1245. >>> Moxonidine; Saline; SC; 2ML2; 2ML4; 1,4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (Fig.2); cardiovascular; antihypertensive; review.

P7027 El-Ayoubi,R., Menaouar,A., Gutkowska,J., Mukaddam-Daher,S. Imidazoline receptors but not alpha2-adrenoceptors are regulated in spontaneously hypertensive rat heart by chronic moxonidine treatment. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2004; 310(-2-):446-451. >>> Moxonidine; Saline, isotonic; NaOH; Rat; 2ML1; 2ML4; 1,4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); cardiovascular; antihypertensive.

P6728 Van Kerckhoven,R., van Veghel,R., Saxena,P.R., Schoemaker,R.G. Pharmacological therapy can increase capillary density in post-infarction remodeled rat hearts. Cardiovascular Research 2004; 61(-3-):620-629. >>> Moxonidine; Saline, acidified; SC; Rat; 2001; 21 days; Pumps replaced every 7 days; cardiovascular.

P5435 Menaouar,A., El Ayoubi,R., Jankowski,M., Gutkowska,J., Mukaddam-Daher,S. Chronic imidazoline receptor activation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. American Journal of Hypertension 2002; 15(-9-):803-808. >>> Moxonidine; Saline, isotonic; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p. 806-807); cardiovascular; antihypertensive; imidazoline receptor agonist.

P5364 Van Kerckhoven,R., Saxena,P.R., Schoemaker,R.G. Restored capillary density in spared myocardium of infarcted rats improves ischemic tolerance. J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 2002/9; 40(-3-):370-380. >>> Moxonidine; Saline; SC; Rat; 2001; 21 days; Pumps replaced every week; myocardial infarction; ischemia (cardiac).

P4948 Van Kerckhoven,R., van Veen,T.A.B., Boomsma,F., Saxena,P.R., Schoemaker,R.G. Chronic administration of moxonidine suppresses sympathetic activation in a rat heart failure model. European Journal of Pharmacology 2000; 397(--):113-120. >>> Moxonidine; Saline buffer; SC; rat; 2001; 20 days; controls received sham surgery; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; Moxonidine is an imidazoline I receptor agonist; rats had received coronary artery ligation, myocardial infarction..

top of page

27. Nicardipine

P4055 Kurooka,M., Hongyo,T., Nakajima,H., Baskar,R., Li,L.Y., Fukuda,K., Sutoh,K., Miyata,M., Matsuda,M., Nomura,T. High incidence of esophageal cancer in esophageal achalasia by the oral administration of N-amyl-N-methylnitrosamine and its prevention by nicardipine hydrochloride in mice. Cancer Letters 1998; 127(--):55-61. >>> Nicardipine HCl; SC; mice; 2002; no duration posted; calcium-channel blocker; cancer; antihypertensive.

P1991 Hewitt,K., Corbett,D. Combined treatment with MK-801 and nicardipine reduces global ischemic damage in the gerbil. Stroke 1992; 23(-1-):82-86. >>> Nicardipine; SC; gerbil; 1003D; 3 days; no comment posted; antihypertensive; ischemia (cerebral).

top of page

28. Nifedipine

P8619 Stoller,D., Kakkar,R., Smelley,M., Chalupsk,K., Earley,J.U., Shi,N.Q., Makielski,J.C., McNally,E.M. Mice lacking sulfonylurea receptor 2 (SUR2) ATP-sensitive potassium channels are resistant to acute cardiovascular stress. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2007; 43(-4-):445-454. >>> Nifedipine; DMSO; IP; Mice; 1002; >7 days; Controls received no treatment; functionality of mp verified by mp examination; cardiovascular; ischemia (cardiac); animal info (male, SUR2 -/-, wt FVB, 12-18 weeks old).

P8553 Gao,X., Iwai,M., Inaba,S., Tomono,Y., Kanno,H., Mogi,M., Horiuchi,M. Attenuation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression via inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B activity in inflammatory vascular injury. American Journal of Hypertension 2007; 20(-11-):1170-1175. >>> Nifedipine; verapamil; IP; Mice; 1002; 7,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or no treatment; dose-response (fig. 1); cardiovascular; animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 10-12 weeks old).

P7003 Vazquez,E., Coronel,I., Bautista,R., Romo,E., Villalon,C.M., vila-Casado,M.C., Soto,V., Escalante,B. Angiotensin II-dependent induction of AT2 receptor expression after renal ablation. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2005; 288(-1-):F207-F213. >>> PD123319; angiotensin II; nifedipine; SC; Rat; 7,14 days; Controls received no agent and/or sham renal ablation; replacement theraphy (nephrectomy); antihypertensive; peptides; AT2 receptor antagonist.

P5701 Jacques,D., Bkaily,G., Jasmin,G., D'Orleans-Juste,P., Chahine,M. Isradipine prevents the development of spontaneously occurring cardiac necrosis in cardiomyopathic hamster. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2003; 81(-2-):120-124. >>> Isradipine; nifedipine; DMSO; ethanol; glucose; SC; Hamster; 4 weeks; Comparison of SC, IP (p.121) injections vs. SC mp; cardiovascular; vehicle solution contained 5% DMSO, 5% ethanol&5% glucose; isradipine, also called PN200-110, is a calcium channel blocker.

P4716 Hirata,A., Igarashi,M., Yamaguchi,H., Suwabe,A, Daimon,M, Kato,T., Tominaga,M. Nifedipine supresses neointimal thickening by its inhibitory effect on vascular smooth muscle cell growth via a MEK-ERK pathway coupling with Pyk2.. British Journal of Pharmacology 2000; 131(--):1521-1530. >>> Nifedipine; PEG 400; Ethanol; SC; Rat; 2002; 17 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; 15% ethanol : 85% PEG 400 used as vehicle;.

top of page

29. Nilvadipine

P3418 Kawamura,S., Li,Y., Shirasawa,M., Yasui,N., Fukasawa,H. Protective effect of nilvadipine on focal cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Neurol.Med.Chir. 1996; 36(--):151-155. >>> Nilvadipine; PEG; SC; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received vehicle infusion; antihypertensive; ischemia (cerebral).

top of page

30. PD123319

P9070 Angelis,E., Tse,M.Y., Adams,M.A., Pang,S.C. Effect of AT2 blockade on cardiac hypertrophy as induced by high dietary salt in the proatrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene-disrupted mouse. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2006; 84(-6-):625-634. >>> PD123319; SC; Mice; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; post op. care (buprenorphine hydrochloride); animal info (ANP -/-, 10 wks old, male); PD123319 is an AT2 antagonist.

P8989 Nagai,N., Izumi-Nagai,K., Oike,Y., Koto,T., Satofuka,S., Ozawa,Y., Yamashiro,K., Inoue,M., Tsubota,K., Umezawa,K., Ishida,S. Suppression of diabetes-induced retinal inflammation by blocking the angiotensin II type 1 receptor or its downstream nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY&VISUAL SCIENCE 2007; 48(-9-):4342-4350. >>> PD123319; PBS; DMSO; SC; Mice; 2001; 1 week; Controls received vehicle; replacement therapy (STZ-induced diabetes); dose-response (fig. 2); no stress (see pg. 4344); animal info (male, C57BL/6, 6-8 wks old); 0.25% DMSO used; AT2-Rblocker.

P8960 Chen,K., Merrill,D.C., Rose,J.C. The importance of angiotensin II subtype receptors for blood pressure control during mouse pregnancy. REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES 2007; 14(-7-):694-704. >>> PD123319; Saline; SC; Mice (pregnant); 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, C57BL/6J, wt, AT1a -/-).

P8890 Hobara,N., Goda,M., Yoshida,N., Takatori,S., Kitamura,Y., Mio,M., Kawasaki,H. Angiotensin II type 2 receptors facilitate reinnervation of phenol-lesioned vascular calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerves in rat mesenteric arteries. Neuroscience 2007; 150(-3-):730-741. >>> Angiotensin II; nerve growth factor; PD123319; losartan; Saline; water; IP; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by systolic blood pressure; peptides; post op. care (penicillin); animal info (8 wks old, Wistar).

P8888 Waseda,Y., Yasui,M., Nishizawa,Y., Inuzuka,K., Takato,H., Ichikawa,Y., Tagami,A., Fujimura,M., Nakao,S. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist reduces bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. RESPIRATORY RESEARCH 2008; 9(-;-):U1-U9. >>> PD123319; Saline; SC; Mice; 2002; 14 days; Animal info (adult, male, ICR).

P8693 Cohen,E.P., Fish,B.L., Sharma,M., Li,X.A., Moulder,J.E. Role of the angiotensin II type-2 receptor in radiation nephropathy. Translational Research 2007; 150(-2-):106-115. >>> PD123319; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 8 weeks; Angiotensin II blockers.

P8597 Miller,S.J., Norton,L.E., Murphy,M.P., Dalsing,M.C., Unthank,J.L. The role of the renin-angiotensin system and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rat mesenteric collateral growth impairment. American Journal of Physiology- Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2007; 292(-5-):H2523-H2531. >>> PD123319; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 7 days; Cardiovascular; animal info (male, SHR, 10 weeks old, mesenteric artery collateral growth model).

P8462 Suzuki,K., Han,G.D., Miyauchi,N., Hashimoto,T., Nakatsue,T., Fujioka,Y., Koike,H., Shimizu,F., Kawachi,H. Angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptors play opposite roles in regulating the barrier function of kidney glomerular capillary wall. American Journal of Pathology 2007; 170(-6-):1841-1853. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; CGP42112A; Water, distilled; SC; Rat; 15 days; 24,72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (Female, Brown Norway, 100-110g, 7-8 wks old); nephrology.

P8365 Diniz,G.P., Carneiro-Ramos,M.S., Barreto-Chaves,M.L.M. Angiotensin type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors mediate the increase in TGF-beta1 in thyroid hormone-induced cardiac hypertrophy. PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 454(-1-):75-81. >>> PD123319; SC; Rat; 15 days; Cardiovascular; animal info (Wistar, 220-250g.).

P7862 Ran,J.M., Hirano,T., Fukui,T., Saito,K., Kageyama,H., Okada,K., Adachi,M. Angiotensin II infusion decreases plasma adiponectin level via its type 1 receptor in rats: an implication for hypertension-related insulin resistance. METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL 2006; 55(-4-):478-488. >>> Angiotensin II, human; PD123319; CGP42112A; Saline; SC; Rat; 1007D; 2ML1; 2ML2; 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma angiotensin II levels; dose-response (table 1); no stress (see pg. 482); peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (male, Wistar, 8 wk. old, 400g.).

P7646 Hirano,T., Ran,J.M., Adachi,M. Opposing actions of angiotensin II type 1 and 2 receptors on plasma cholesterol levels in rats. Journal of Hypertension 2006; 24(-1-):103-108. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; CGP42112A; Saline; SC; Rat; 1007D; 2ML1; 2ML2; 2 weeks; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg.105); cardiovascular; peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (male, Wistar, 8 wk old, 400 g); Ang II plasma levels taken.

P7515 Lu,Q., Zhu,Y.Z., Wong,P.T.H. Neuroprotective effects of candesartan against cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats. NeuroReport 2005; 16(-17-):1963-1967. >>> PD123319; Saline; SC; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), male, 230-250 g); middle cerebral artery occlusion.

P6912 Lee,F.T.H., Cao,Z.M., Long,D.M., Panagiotopoulos,S., Jerums,G., Cooper,M.E., Forbes,J.M. Interactions between angiotensin II and NF-kappa B dependent pathways in modulating macrophage infiltration in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2004; 15(-8-):2139-2151. >>> PDTC; PD123319; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Diabetes; PDTC is (Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate).

P6721 Hashimoto,N., Maeshima,Y., Satoh,M., Odawara,M., Sugiyama,H., Kashihara,N., Matsubara,H., Yamasaki,Y., Makino,H. Overexpression of angiotensin type 2 receptor ameliorates glomerular injury in a mouse remnant kidney model. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2004; 286(-3-):F516-F525. >>> PD123319; SC; Mice; 2002; 6 weeks; Long-term study; pumps replaced every two weeks; AT2R specific antagonist.

P6675 Suzuki,H., Yamamoto,T., Ikegaya,N., Hishida,A. Dietary salt intake modulates progression of antithymocyte serum nephritis through alteration of glomerular angiotensin II receptor expression. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 2004; 286(-2-):F267-F277. >>> PD123319; SC; Rat; 7 days; Agent is a AT2R blocker; pump model not listed.

P6606 Rizkalla,B., Forbes,J.M., Cooper,M.E., Cao,Z.M. Increased renal vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietins by angiotensin II infusion is mediated by both AT1 and AT2 receptors. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2003; 14(-12-):3061-3071. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; Sodium Chloride; acetic acid; water; SC; IP; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; blood pressure taken; cardiovascular; peptides; PD123319 was dissolved in water and infused with the IP pump.

P6466 Shiuchi,T., Iwai,M., Li,H.S., Wu,L., Min,L.J., Li,J.M., Okumura,M., Cui,T.X., Horiuchi,M. Angiotensin II type-1 receptor blocker valsartan enhances insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscles of diabetic mice. Hypertension 2004; 43(-5-):1003-1010. >>> Angiotensin II; valsartan; PD123319; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

P6461 Zhang,X.L., Lassila,M., Cooper,M.E., Cao,Z.M. Retinal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor is mediated by angiotensin type 1 and type 2 receptors. Hypertension 2004; 43(-2-):276-281. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; Sodium chloride; acetic acid; SC; Rat; 2002; 2004; 2,4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; STZ induced diabetes; multiple pumps per animal (2).

P6338 Cervenka,L., Horacek,V., Vaneckova,I., Hubacek,J.A., Oliverio,M.I., Coffman,T.M., Navar,L.G. Essential role of AT1A receptor in the development of 2KIC hypertension. Hypertension 2002; 40(-5-):735-741. >>> PD123319; IP; Mice; 1002; 26 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; comparison of acute PD infusion; pumps replaced on day 13; no stress (see pg. 737); cardiovascular; PD123319 is an AT2 receptor antagonist.

P6315 Sabri,A., Samuel,J.L., Marotte,F., Poitevin,P., Rappaport,L., Levy,B.I. Microvasculature in Angiotensin II-Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophy in the Rat. Hypertension 1998; 32(--):371-375. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; Rat; 2ML4; 23 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; multiple pumps per animal (2); losartan via drinking water.

P6269 Chen,W.S., Sim,M.K. Effects of des-aspartate-angiotensin I on the expression of angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors in ventricles of hypertrophic rat hearts. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 2004; 117(-3-):207-212. >>> PD123319; Saline; IP; Rat; 2002; 4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; PD123319 is an AT2 antagonist.

P6255 Moulder,J.E., Fish,B.L., Cohen,E.P. Impact of angiotensin II type 2 receptor blockade on experimental radiation nephropathy. RADIATION RESEARCH 2004; 161(-3-):312-317. >>> PD123319; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 12 weeks; Comparison of SC injections vs. mp; long-term study; pumps replaced every 4 weeks; PD123319 is an AT2 blocker.

P6241 Mukawa,H., Toki,Y., Miyazaki,Y., Matsui,H., Okumura,K., Ito,T. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor blockade partially negates antihypertrophic effects of type 1 receptor blockade on pressure-overload rat cardiac hypertrophy. HYPERTENSION RESEARCH 2003; 26(-1-):89-95. >>> PD123319; Saline, isotonic; PEG; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; antihypertensive.

P6226 Cervenka,L., Vaneckova,I., Maly,J., Horacek,V., El Dahr,S.S. Genetic inactivation of the B2 receptor in mice worsens two-kidney, one-clip hypertension: role of NO and the AT2 receptor. Journal of Hypertension 2003; 21(-8-):1531-1538. >>> PD123319; IP; Mice; 1002; 27 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; pumps replaced on day 13; cardiovascular.

P6043 Ruperez,M., Ruiz-Ortega,M., Esteban,V., Lorenzo,O., Mezzano,S., Plaza,J.J., Egido,J. Angiotensin II increases connective tissue growth factor in the kidney. American Journal of Pathology 2003; 163(-5-):1937-1947. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; Saline; SC; Rat; 3,7 days; Peptides; PD123319 is an AT2 antagonist; pump model not listed.

P6038 Sarlos,S., Rizkalla,B., Moravski,C.J., Cao,Z.M., Cooper,M.E., Wilkinson-Berka,J.L. Retinal angiogenesis is mediated by an interaction between the angiotensin type 2 receptor, VEGF, and angiopoietin. American Journal of Pathology 2003; 163(-3-):879-887. >>> PD123319; IP; Rat (neonate); 2004; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (11 days old).

P6003 Esteban,V., Ruperez,M., Vita,J.R., Lopez,E.S., Mezzano,S., Plaza,J.J., Egido,J., Ruiz-Ortega,M. Effect of simultaneous blockade of AT1 and AT2 receptors on the NFκB pathway and renal inflammatory response. Kidney International 2003; 64(-Supplement 86-):S33-S38. >>> Angiotensin II; losartan; PD123319; Saline; SC; Mice (knockout); 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; losartan and PD123319 are AT1 and AT2 antagonists respectively; pump model not listed.

P5923 Lako-Futo,Z., Szokodi,I., Sarman,B., Foeldes,G., Tokola,H., Ilves,M., Leskinen,H., Vuolteenaho,O., Skoumal,R., deChatel,R., Ruskoaho,H., Toth,M. Evidence for a functional role of angiotensin II type 2 receptor in the cardiac hypertrophic process in vivo in the rat heart. Circulation 2003; 108(-19-):2414-2422. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; losartan; SC; Rat; 12, 72 hours; Cardiovascular; peptides; pump model not stated; PD123319 is an ATZ receptor antagonist.

P5558 Cao,Z., Dean,R., Wu,L., Casley,D., Cooper,M.E. Role of angiotensin receptor subtypes in mesenteric vascular proliferation and hypertrophy. Hypertension 1999/9; 34(-3-):408-414. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; Sodium chloride; acetic acid; water, sterile; SC; IP; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; peptides; PD123319 is an AT2 receptor antagonist; PD123319 was dissolved in water and delivered IP; Ang II infused SC in sodium chloride/acetic acid vehicle; multiple pumps per animal (2).

P5461 Naruse,M., Tanabe,A., Sato,A., Takagi,S., Tsuchiya,K., Imaki,T., Takano,K. Aldosterone breakthrough during angiotensin II receptor antagonist therapy in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2002; 40(-1-):28-33. >>> PD123319; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Cardiovascular; antihypertensive; angiotensin II type 2 antagonist.

P5228 Tea,B.S., Der,Sarkissian S., Touyz,R.M., Hamet,P., deBlois,D. Proapoptotic and growth-inhibitory role of angiotensin II type 2 receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats in vivo. Hypertension 2000/5; 35(-5-):1069-1073. >>> PD123319; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML1, 2ML2; 1, 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antihypertensive; selective angiotensin type 2 receptor antagonist.

P5111 Diep,Q.N., Li,J-S., Schiffrin,E.J. In vivo study of AT1 and AT2 angiotensin receptors in apoptosis in rat blood vessels. Hypertension 1999; 34(--):617-624. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; SC; rat; 7 days; cardiovascular; peptides; PD 123319 is an AT2 receptor antagonist; some animals received both agents concomitantly.

P5081 Lorenzo,O., Ruiz-Ortega,M., Esbrit,P., Ruperez,M., Ortega,A., Santos,S., Blanco,J., Ortega,L., Egido,J. Angiotensin II increases parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and the type 1 PTH/PTHrP receptor in the kidney. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2002; 13(--):1595-1607. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; Saline; SC; rat; 3, 7, or 8 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; PD123319 is an Ang II type 2 antagonist; Ang II given for for 3 or 7 days, PD123319 started 24 h before Ang II infusion.

P5055 Sasaki,K., Murohara,T., Ikeda,H., Sugaya,T., Shimada,T., Shintani,S., Imaizumi,T. Evidence for the importance of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in ischemia-induced angiogenesis. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2002; 109(-5-):603-611. >>> PD123319; rat; ; antihypertensive; PD 123319 is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist.

P4450 Chevalier,R.L, Thornhill,B.A, Wolstenholme,J.T. Renal cellular response to ureteral obstruction: role of maturation and angiotensin II. Am.J.Physiol.(Renal Physiol.46) 1999; 277(--):F41-F47. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319;; Saline; BSA;; rat;; 2001; 1003D;; ; controls received mp w/vehicle; peptides; teratology; "use of pellets, rather than osmotic mini pumps, was necessary in neonatal rats due to the small size of the animals" (p. F42).

P3858 Sabri,A., Levy,B.I., Poitevin,P., Caputo,L., Faggin,E., Marotte,F., Rappaport,L., Samuel,J.L. Differential roles of AT1 and AT2 receptor subtypes in vascular trophic and phenotypic changes in response to stimulation with angiotensin II. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol. 1997; 17(--):257-264. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; NaOH; Acetate; SC; rat; 2ML4; 22 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; peptides; cardiovascular.

P3715 Li,J.S., Touyz,R.M., Schiffrin,E.L. Effects of AT1 and AT2 angiotensin receptor antagonists in angiotensin II-infused rats. Hypertension 1998; 31(-pt 2-):487-492. >>> Angiotensin II; PD123319; Saline; SC; rat; 2ML4; 21 days; cardiovascular; peptides.

P2747 Everett,A.D., Tufro-McReddie,A., Fisher,A., Gomez,R.A. Angiotensin receptor regulates cardiac hypertrophy and transforming growth factor-B1 expression. Hypertension 1994; 23(-5-):587-592. >>> PD123319; IP; rat; 1007D; 72 hours; controls received sham surgery alone or sham surgery w/ DuP 753 treatment; PD 123319 is an AT2 receptor inhibitor.

top of page

31. Perindopril

P4534 Higaki,J., Aoki,M., Morishita,R, Kida,I, Taniyama,Y, Tomita,N., Yamamoto,K, Moriguchi,A., Kaneda,Y, Ogihara,T. In vivo evidence of the importance of cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy.. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol. 2000; 20(--):428-434. >>> Perindopril;; Saline; PEG 400;; IP;; rat;; 3 days;; controls received mp w/vehicle; cardiovascular;.

top of page

32. Pindolol

P4963 Haddjeri,N., Blier,P. Effects of sustained (+/-)pindolol administration on serotonin neurotransmission in rats. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY&NEUROSCIENCE 2000; 25(--):378-388. >>> Pindolol; Saline; SC; rat; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of ip injections vs. mp;.

P4647 Haddjeri,N., Blier,P., de Montigny,C. Acute and long-term actions of the antidepressant drug mirtazapine on central 5-HT neurotransmission.. Journal of Affective Disorders 1998; 51(--):255-266. >>> Mirtazapine; Pindolol;; NaCl; Ascorbic acid;; SC;; rat;; 2, 21 days;; controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IV injections vs mp; antidepressant; pindolol infused for 2 days; mirtazapine administered for 21 days..

P4052 Haddjeri,N., de Montigny,C., Curet,O., Blier,P. Effect of the reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor befloxatone on the rat 5-hydroxytryptamine neurotransmission. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1998; 343(--):179-192. >>> Befloxatone; Pindolol; Water; Ethanol; SC; rat; 2, 21 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; befloxatone is an antidepressant; agents infused separately or concomitantly; antihypertensive.

top of page

33. Prazosin

P5969 Kemmerer,E.S., Desmond,T.J., Albin,R.L., Kilbourn,M.R., Frey,K.A. Treatment effects on nigrostriatal projection integrity in partial 6-OHDA lesions: comparison of L-DOPA and pramipexole. Experimental Neurology 2003; 183(-1-):81-86. >>> L-dopa; benserazide; prazosin; IP; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease).

P5473 Erami,C., Zhang,H., Ho,J.G., French,D.M., Faber,J.E. Alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation directly induces growth of vascular wall in vivo. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2002; 283(-4-):H1577-H1587. >>> Norepinephrine; benoxathian; prazosin; KMD-3213; AH11110A; BMY-7378; propranolol; RX-821002; Ringer's, lactated; ascorbate; Perivascular; Rat; 2ML2; 14, 28 days; Tissue perfusion (left carotid wall); pumps replaced after 14 days for prazosin; catheter constructed from thin walled vinyl tubing and fenestrated at end placed near vessel; norepinephrine is a catecholamine; propranolol is a beta adrenoceptor antagonist; all other agents are antagonists alpha antagonists.

P4611 Du,Y, Qiu,J, Nelson,S.H, Wang,D.H. Regulation of type 1 ANG II receptor in vascular tissue: role of a1-adrenoreceptor.. Am.J.Physiol.(Regulatory Integrative Comp.Physiol.42) 1997; 273(--):R1224-R1229. >>> Norepinephrine; Prazosin;; Saline, physiological; DMSO;; SC;; rat;; 2002; 2ML2;; 2 weeks;; controls received mp w/vehicle; antihypertensive; cardiovascular;.

P3818 Wang,D.H., Qiu,J., Hu,Z., Du,Y. Regulation of type 1 angiotensin II receptor in adrenal gland - role of A1-adrenoceptor. Hypertension 1997; 30(-pt 1-):345-350. >>> Prazosin; DMSO; SC; rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

top of page

34. Propranolol

P7800 Palm,D., Lang,K., Niggemann,B., Drell,T.L., Masur,K., Zaenker,K.S., Entschladen,F. The norepinephrine-driven metastasis development of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells in BALB/c nude mice is inhibited by betablockers. International Journal of Cancer 2006; 118(-11-):2744-2749. >>> Norepinephrine; propranolol; Saline, physiological; ascorbic acid; SC; Mice (nude); 1002; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; half-life (pg. 2745) short, quickly metabolized; cancer (prostate carcinoma); animal info (female, BALB/C nude, athymic, 6 wk. old, 15g.).

P7603 Bernstein,D., Fajardo,G., Zhao,M.M., Urashima,T., Powers,J., Berry,G., Kobilka,B.K. Differential cardioprotective/cardiotoxic effects mediated by beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2005; 289(-6-):H2441-H2449. >>> Propranolol; SC; Mice; 14 days; Controls received no treatment; cardiovascular; non-specific B-antagonist.

P6983 Ruiz-Feria,C.A., Yang,Y.M., Nishimura,H. Do incremental increases in blood pressure elicit neointimal plaques through endothelial injury?. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2004; 287(-6-):R1486-R1493. >>> Propranolol; Water, deionized distilled; SC; Bird (chicken); 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. R1488); cardiovascular; antihypertensive.

P6573 Dostanic,S., Servant,N., Wang,C.L., Chalifour,L.E. Chronic beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation in vivo decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax expression but did not activate apoptotic pathways in mouse heart. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2004; 82(-3-):167-174. >>> Isoproterenol; dobutamine; metaproterenol; phenylephrine; propranolol; PBS; ascorbic acid; SC; Mice; 1,7,14,21,28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

P6569 Lutz,S., Mura,R.A., Hippe,H.J., Tiefenbacher,C., Niroomand,F. Plasma membrane-associated nucleoside diphosphate kinase (nm23) in the heart is regulated by beta-adrenergic signaling. British Journal of Pharmacology 2003; 140(-6-):1019-1026. >>> Isoproterenol; triiodothyronine; propranolol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; cardiovascular.

P5970 Deten,A., Volz,H.C., Holzl,A., Briest,W., Zimmer,H.G. Effect of propranolol on cardiac cytokine expression after myocardial infarction in rats. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY 2003; 251(-1-2-):127-137. >>> Propranolol; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Cardiovascular.

P5533 Exton,M.S., Gierse,C., Meier,B., Mosen,M., Xie,Y.F., Frede,S., Goebel,M.U., Limmroth,V., Schedlowski,M. Behaviorally conditioned immunosuppression in the rat is regulated via noradrenaline and beta-adrenoceptors. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2002; 131(-1-2-):21-30. >>> Propranolol; SC; Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (graph, p. 27); immunology.

P5243 Shahrara,S., Sylven,C., Drvota,V.,V. Subtype specific downregulation of thyroid hormone receptor mRNA by beta-adrenoreceptor blockade in the myocardium. Biol Pharm.Bull. 2000/11; 23(-11-):1303-1306. >>> Propranolol; Saline; SC; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular.

P4720 Boknik,P., Fockenbrock,M, Herzig,S, Knapp,J., Linck,B., Luss,H, Muller,F.U., Muller,T, Schmitz,W., Schroder,F, Neumann,J. Protein phosphatase activity is increased in a rat model of long-term b-adrenergic stimulation.. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch.Pharmacol. 2000; 362(--):222-231. >>> Isoproterenol; Propranolol;; Saline;; SC;; rat;; 2ML2;; 2 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; Isoproterenol and Propranolol were infused both separately and together in one pump..

top of page

35. Ramiprilat

P3734 Fernandez-Alfonso,M.S., Martorana,P.A., Licka,I., van Even,P., Trobisch,D., Scholkens,B.A., Paul,M. Early induction of angiotensin I-converting enzyme in rat carotid artery after balloon injury. Hypertension 1997; 30(-pt 1-):272-277. >>> Ramiprilat; HR 720; DMSO; Water; SC; rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 21 days; 2ML2 pumps replaced after 14 days; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; some animals received multiple pumps per animal (2); ramiprilat is the active metabolite of ramipril; HR 720 is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist.

top of page

36. Rilmenidine

P6378 Monassier,L., Greney,H., Thomas,L., Bousquet,P. Chronic treatment with rilmenidine in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Differences between two schedules of administration. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2004; 43(-3-):394-401. >>> Rilmenidine; Saline; IP; Rat; 2002; 1 month; Comparison of IP injections vs. IP mp; pumps replaced at 15 days; stability verified (30 days at 37 degrees Celsius); cardiovascular; antihypertensive.

P4955 Sun,Z.J., Cade,R., Tatum,C. Central imidazoline and angiotensin II receptors in cardiovascular responses to chronic cold exposure in rats. JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY 2001; 26(--):513-518. >>> Rilmenidine; SK&F-86466; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; rilmenidine is a central I1 imidazoline receptor agonist, SF&F-86466 is a specific a-2 receptor blocker; cold-induced hypertension; pump implanted IP and connected to brain cannula;.

top of page

37. Tertatolol

P3658 Tan,Y.Y., Summers,R.J. B-adrenoceptor regulation in rat heart, lung and skin after chronic treatment with (-)-tertatolol or (-)-propranolol. J.Auton.Pharmac. 1995; 15(--):421-436. >>> Tertatolol; Propranolol; HCl; SC; rat; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; beta-adrenoceptor antagonists; examined heart rate and systolic blood pressure.

top of page

38. Valsartan

P8999 Sagara,Y., Hirooka,Y., Nozoe,M., Ito,K., Kimura,Y., Sunagawa,K. Pressor response induced by central angiotensin II is mediated by activation of Rho/Rho-kinase pathway via AT1 receptors. Journal of Hypertension 2007; 25(-2-):399-406. >>> Angiotensin II; phenylephrine; Y-27632; valsartan; CSF, artificial; SC; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1002; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (Rho-kinase); antihypertensive; peptides; animal info (male, Wistar-Kyoto, SHR, 280-340 g.); catheter tip placement and connection confirmed.

P8877 Li,J.M., Mogi,M., Iwanami,J., Min,L.J., Tsukuda,K., Sakata,A., Fujita,T., Iwai,M., Horiuchi,M. Temporary pretreatment with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, valsartan, prevents ischemic brain damage through an increase in capillary density. Stroke 2008; 39(-7-):2029-2036. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 2 weeks; Ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, C57BL/6, 6 wks old, 20 g.); middle cerebral artery occlusion.

P8657 Marumo,T., Hishikawa,K., Matsuzaki,Y., Imal,N., Takase,O., Shimosawa,T., Okano,H., Fujita,T. Angiotensin II type I receptor blockade prevents decrease in adult stem-like cells in kidney after ureteral obstruction. European Journal of Pharmacology 2007; 573(-1-3-):216-220. >>> Valsartan; NAHCO3; IP; Mice; 1002; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (unilateral ureteral obstruction); animal info (female, C57/BL6J, 7-8 wks old).

P8359 Mogi,M., Li,J.M., Iwanami,J., Min,L.J., Tsukuda,K., Iwai,M., Horiuchi,M. Angiotensin II type-2 receptor stimulation prevents neural damage by transcriptional activation of methyl methanesulfonate sensitive 2. Hypertension 2006; 48(-1-):141-148. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 13 days; Cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (C57BL/6J, 10 weeks old, MCA occlusion).

P7759 Suzuki,J., Iwai,M., Mogi,M., Oshita,A., Yoshii,T., Higaki,J., Horiuchi,M. Eplerenone with valsartan effectively reduces atherosclerotic lesion by attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 26(-4-):917-921. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 6 weeks; Cardiovascular; animal info (male, adult, ApoE -/-, 6 wk. old).

P7602 Iwai,M., Chen,R., Li,Z., Shiuchi,T., Suzuki,J., Ide,A., Tsuda,M., Okumura,M., Min,L.J., Mogi,M., Horiuchi,M. Deletion of angiotensin II type 2 receptor exaggerated atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-null mice. Circulation 2005; 112(-11-):1636-1643. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 10 weeks; Controls received no treatment; long-term study; cardiovascular; animal info (male); AT1 receptor blocker.

P7313 Okumura,M., Iwai,M., Ide,A., Mogi,M., Ito,M., Horiuchi,M. Sex difference in vascular injury and the vasoprotective effect of valsartan are related to differential AT2 receptor expression. Hypertension 2005; 46(-3-):577-583. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 7, 14 days; No stress (see pg. 580); cardiovascular.

P6819 Iwai,M., Liu,H.W., Chen,R., Ide,A., Okamoto,S., Hata,R., Sakanaka,M., Shiuchi,T., Horiuchi,M. Possible inhibition of focal cerebral ischemia by angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation. Circulation 2004; 110(-7-):843-848. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; 11 days; Cardiovascular; ischemia (cerebral).

P5884 Horiuchi,M., Cui,T.X., Li,Z., Li,J.M., Nakagami,H., Iwai,M. Fluvastatin enhances the inhibitory effects of a selective angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, Valsartan, on vascular neointimal formation. Circulation 2003; 107(-1-):106-112. >>> Valsartan; IP; Mice; 1002; ; Cardiovascular; valsartan is an angtiotensin II type I receptor antagonist (ATIRA).

P5625 Gauer,S., Hartner,A., Hauser,I.A., Fierlbeck,W., Eberhardt,W., Geiger,H. Differential regulation of osteopontin expression in the clipped and nonclipped kidney of two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats. American Journal of Hypertension 2003; 16(-3-):214-222. >>> Valsartan; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antihypertensive; valsartan is an angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist (AT1RA)..

P4907 Hilgers,K.F., Hartner,A., Porst,M., Veelken,R., Mann,J.F. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade prevents lethal malignant hypertension: relation to kidney inflammation. Circulation 2001; 104(-12-):1436-1440. >>> Valsartan; Potassium hydroxide; IP; rat; 2002; 14 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. KOH vehicle was 0.46 mol/l, with a pH of 7.2.

P4054 Clair,M.J., Krombach,R.S., Coker,M.L., Heslin,T.L., Kribbs,S.B., de Gasparo,M., Spinale,F.G. Angiotensin AT1 receptor inhibition in pacing induced heart failure: effects on left ventricular myocardial collagen content and composition. J.Mol.Cell.Cardiology 1998; 30(--):2355-2364. >>> Valsartan; IP; pig; 2ML1; no duration posted; controls received sham operation; angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist; antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

P4050 Ledingham,J.M., Laverty,R. Remodelling of resistance arteries in genetically hypertensive rats by treatment with valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Clin.Exp.Pharmacol.Physiol. 1996; 23(--):576-578. >>> Valsartan; IP; rat; 2002; 6 weeks; normotensive&hypertensive controls received mp w/vehicle; pumps replaced every 2 weeks (pump replacement took<1 min); antihypertensive; cardiovascular.

P3188 Chow,L., de Gasparo,M., Levens,N. Improved glucose metabolism following blockade of angiotensin converting enzyme but not angiotensin AT receptors. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1995; 282(--):77-86. >>> Benazepril; Valsartan; Water, distilled; NaOH; HCI; IP; rat; 2ML4; 12 weeks; controls received mp with saline; long-term study, pumps replaced every 28 days; valsartan is an angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist; antihypertensive.

top of page

Looking for references? We can help!

ALZET will perform a custom bibliography search for you! ALZET pumps have been used to deliver hundreds of different compounds, including proteins and peptides, in a myriad of different experimental applications. We have recently updated our database, which now contains over 11,000 references that can help you guide your research project!

Order the ALZET SurgicalImplantation Video

Researchers are saying ...

“We found recently that 21 d of treatment of rats with SSRIs, at clinically relevant and stable serum concentrations (achieved by the use of osmotic minipumps), caused robust downregulation of the SERT.”... “Studies on the effects of chronic antidepressants on the SERT have resulted in inconsistent reports (Owens and Nemeroff, 1998). Among the factors that may contribute to such inconsistency is the route of drug administration. In most studies of chronic administration of Ads to rats, the drugs are given intraperitoneally or subcutaneously, either once or twice daily. As rats metabolize these drugs more rapidly than humans, such dosage schedules can result in appreciable fluctuations in the serum concentration of drug throughout the day. For certain pharmacologic effects, sustained drug action may be needed” Benmansour et al. The Journal of Neuroscience 2002; 22(15):6766-6772.

ALZET® Osmotic Pumps - Research Applications.

References on the Administration of Antihypertensives Using ALZET® Osmotic Pumps

1. Atenolol

2. Benazepril

3. Benazeprilat

4. Bendroflumethiazide

5. Bisoprolol

6. Bunazosin

7. Candesartan

8. Captopril

9. Clonidine

10. Digoxin Or Digotoxin

11. Doxazosin

12. Enalapril

13. Enalaprilat

14. Eprosartan

15. Felodipine

16. Furosemide

17. Guanabenz

18. Hydralazine

19. Hydrochlorothiazide

20. Imidapril

21. Isoproterenol

22. Ketanserin

23. Losartan

24. Metoprolol

25. Minoxidil HCL

26. Moxonidine

27. Nicardipine

28. Nifedipine

29. Nilvadipine

30. PD123319

31. Perindopril

32. Pindolol

33. Prazosin

34. Propranolol

35. Ramiprilat

36. Rilmenidine

37. Tertatolol

38. Valsartan

Looking for references? We can help!

Researchers are saying ...

ALZET Customer Service:

References on the Administration of Antihypertensives Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps