ALZET® Osmotic Pumps References:Injection-Infusion Comparisons

Q0902 Bedard,A.M., Maheux,J., Levesque,D., Samaha,A.N. Continuous, but not Intermittent, Antipsychotic Drug Delivery Intensifies the Pursuit of Reward Cues. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36(-6-):1248-1259. >>> Haloperidol; Acetic acid, glacial; water; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 19 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-225 g); comparison of injections vs mp.

Q0780 Borkiewicz,P., Pawlak,M., Mackowiak,P. The Results of Prolonged Action of GLP-1 on Some Metabolic Parameters. FOLIA BIOLOGICA-KRAKOW 2011; 59(-1-2-):13-17. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1; IP; Rat; 13 days; Controls received mp w/ NaCl; animal info (male, Wistar, 150 g); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; "We concur that the pumps are more correct for long-term metabolic experiments because of the sustenance of stable amounts of used substances, previously placed in the body of animals." pg 14; "Stable and continuous maintenance of a proper concentration of the peptide using Alzet osmotic minipumps can probably achieve a stronger biological effect compared with repeatable application." pg 16; obesity.

Q0801 Fujisawa,T., Nakashima,H., Nakajima,A., Joshi,B.H., Puri,R.K. Targeting IL-13Ralpha2 in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with combination therapy of IL-13-PE and gemcitabine. International Journal of Cancer 2011; 128(-5-):1221-1231. >>> Interleukin-13-Pseudomonas exotoxin, recomb.; IP; Mice (nude); 14 days; Animal info (nu/nu, 5-6 wks old); comparison of IP injections vs IP mp; IL-13-PE is a recombinant immunotoxin; "Mice receiving continuous IL-13-PE exhibited better tumor response compared to bolus administration" pg 1224.

Q0855 Kondo,H., Togari,A. Continuous Treatment with a Low-Dose beta-Agonist Reduces Bone Mass by Increasing Bone Resorption Without Suppressing Bone Formation. Calcified Tissue International 2011; 88(-1-):23-32. >>> Isoprenaline; SC; Mice; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (C57BL/6J, 10 wks old); comparison of injections vs mp; "concentrations produced by continuous administration and intermittent administration are quite different as the blood concentration of isoprenaline increased within an hour and decreased within a few hours after intermittent intraperitoneal "Even if the same doses are administered each day, the blood administration, whereas the blood concentration of isoprenaline remained stable during continuous intrasubcutaneous treatment using the Alzet model 2002 at 0.5 lL/ h." pg 28.

Q0006 Buga,G.M., Navab,M., Imaizumi,S., Reddy,S.T., Yekta,B., Hough,G., Chanslor,S., Anantharamaiah,G.M., Fogelman,A.M. L-4F Alters Hyperlipidemic (But Not Healthy) Mouse Plasma to Reduce Platelet Aggregation. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 30(-2-):283-289. >>> Peptide, L-4F; SC; Mice; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; half-life pg. 288 (1 hour in plasma); animal info (female, C57BL/6 wt, ApoE -/-, 8-12 months old, LDL-R -/-, 3-4 months old); comparison of SC injections vs. mp; ApoA-I mimetic; "administration by a single subcutaneous injection was not effective, but that the same dose administered by continuous infusion by Alzet pumps for two weeks was effective suggests that the time during which the peptide is present in plasma may be more important than the peak plasma concentration." (p. 288).

Q0877 Etoh,M., Yamaguchi,A. Repetition of continuous PTH treatments followed by periodic withdrawals exerts anabolic effects on rat bone. JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM 2010; 28(-6-):641-649. >>> Parathyroid hormone; SC; Rat; 1007D; 1003D; 4 weeks; 7 days; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (9 wks old, Sprague-Dawley, female); pumps replaced every 1 week; comparison of once a week and 3-times a week injections vs sc mp; "Continuous PTH treatment as well as intermittent PTH treatment stimulates bone formation, but the former treatment enhances osteoclastic bone resorption that exceeds the stimulated bone formation." pg 647.

Q0092 Ferger,B., Buck,K., Shimasaki,M., Koros,E., Voehringer,P., Buerger,E. Continuous Dopaminergic Stimulation by Pramipexole Is Effective to Treat Early Morning Akinesia in Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease: A Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Study Using in Vivo Microdialysis in Rats. Synapse 2010; 64(-7-):533-541. >>> Pramipexole; Saline; SC; Rat; 1007D; 2004; 2, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Wistar, 250-300 g.); comparison of mp with SC injections; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's Disease); "...this study highlights the potential benefit of CDS (continuous dopaminergic stimulation) using PPX-CR and the advantage over PPX-IR in two symptomatic PD models" pg 540; half life "long" pg 534; haloperidol-induced catalepsy.

Q0510 Gauter-Fleckenstein,B., Fleckenstein,K., Owzar,K., Jiang,C., Reboucas,J.S., Batinic-Haberle,I., Vujaskovic,Z. Early and late administration of MnTE-2-PyP5+ in mitigation and treatment of radiation-induced lung damage. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2010; 48(-8-):1034-1043. >>> Porphyrin, Mn; PBS; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; Controls were nonirradiated; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; animal info (female, Fischer-344); "in contrast (to injections), the... sc-implanted osmotic pumps did not cause any such negative effects (local edema, hyperemia/vasodilation, reduced body weight)" pg 1037; "In respect to acute toxicity in our model, subcutaneous implantation of osmotic pumps was better tolerated than sc injections as done in a previous study." pg 1042; half-life 60 min in plasma (pg 1041).

Q0475 Ma,H., Lu,Y., Li,H., Campbell-Thompson,M., Parker,M., Wasserfall,C., Haller,M., Brantly,M., Schatz,D., Atkinson,M., Song,S. Intradermal alpha 1-antitrypsin therapy avoids fatal anaphylaxis, prevents type 1 diabetes and reverses hyperglycaemia in the NOD mouse model of the disease. Diabetologia 2010; 53(-10-):2198-2204. >>> Antitrypsin, human, alpha-1; SC; Mice; 7 days; Animal info (8 wks old, female, NOD); comparison of IP, SC injections vs mp; diabetes; hAAT also known as Prolastin; "...repeated administration of hAAT may lead to fatal anaphylaxis in NOD mice... Delivery of AAT by an osmotic pump resulted in a twofold increase of the AUC0-7days suggesting a possible clinical application in large animals and in humans." pg 2202.

Q0172 Maier,B., Ogihara,T., Trace,A.P., Tersey,S.A., Robbins,R.D., Chakrabarti,S.K., Nunemaker,C.S., Stull,N.D., Taylor,C.A., Thompson,J.E., Dondero,R.S., Lewis,E.C., Dinarello,C.A., Nadler,J.L., Mirmira,R.G. The unique hypusine modification of eIF5A promotes islet beta cell inflammation and dysfunction in mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2010; 120(-6-):2156-2170. >>> GC7; Saline; SC; Mice; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (deoxyhypusine synthase); animal info (male, C57BL/6J, NOD/SCID/Il2rg-null, 10 weeks old); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; endocrinology; agent also known as N1-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane.

Q0860 Masunaga,S.I., Tano,K., Nakamura,J., Watanabe,M., Kashino,G., Suzuki,M., Kinashi,Y., Ono,K. Adverse effect of mild temperature hyperthermia combined with hexamethylenetetramine compared to its effect combined with tirapazamine in the treatment of solid tumors. EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE 2010; 1(-1-):169-174. >>> Uridine, 2-bromodeoxy 5-; tirapazamine; hexamethylenetetramine; Saline, physiological; SC; IP; Mice; 5 days; 24 hours; Animal info (syngeneic female C3H/He, 8-11 wks old); comparison of IP injections vs mp; cancer; labelling of P cells; "Continuous administration of HMTA and TPZ resulted in higher radio- and cisplatin-sensitizing effects than intraperitoneal single administration." pg 169.

Q0182 Polakof,S., Skiba-Cassy,S., Choubert,G., Panserat,S. Insulin-induced hypoglycaemia is co-ordinately regulated by liver and muscle during acute and chronic insulin stimulation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Experimental Biology 2010; 213(-9-):1443-1452. >>> Insulin, bovine; Saline; IP; Fish (trout); 1003D; 4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (rainbow trout, 170 g); post op. care (antibiotic ointment); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; 17 degrees C; endocrinology.

Q0030 Searls,Y.M., Loganathan,R., Smirnova,I.V., Stehno-Bittel,L. Intracellular Ca2+ regulating proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells are altered with type 1 diabetes due to the direct effects of hyperglycemia. Cardiovascular Diabetology 2010; 9(-;-):U1-U17. >>> Insulin; SC; Rat; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/saline; peptides; animal info (male, DR-BB Wistar, 21-26 days old); comparison of SC injections vs. mp; replacement therapy (anti-RT6 mAB-induced diabetes); endocrinology; Humulin R, Humulin U and Humulin N used;.

Q0075 Stockwell,K.A., Scheller,D.K.A., Smith,L.A., Rose,S., Iravani,M.M., Jackson,M.J., Jenner,P. Continuous rotigotine administration reduces dyskinesia resulting from pulsatile treatment with rotigotine or L-DOPA in MPTP-treated common marmosets. Experimental Neurology 2010; 221(-1-):79-85. >>> Rotigotine hydrochloride; DMSO; water, sterile; SC; Marmoset; 2004; 28 days; Comparison of SC injections or PO administration vs. SC mp; animal info (adult, common, male, female, 2-7 years old, 350-500); 50% DMSO used; "These data suggest that dyskinesia induced by pulsatile drug treatment may be improved by switching to continuous rotigotine delivery." pg. 79; "...this study highlights the potential benefits of continuous drug delivery." pg 84.

Q0198 Zhang,J., Huang,X.Y., Ye,M.L., Luo,C.X., Wu,H.Y., Hu,Y., Zhou,Q.G., Wu,D.L., Zhu,L.J., Zhu,D.Y. Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Alteration Accounts for the Role of 5-HT1A Receptor in Modulating Anxiety-Related Behaviors. Journal of Neuroscience 2010; 30(-7-):2433-2441. >>> 8-OH-DPAT; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, C57BL/6, B6129SF2 wt, nNOS KO, 6-7 weeks old); comparison of CSF/CNS micro injections vs. mp; behavioral testing (novelty suppressed feeding procedure, open-field test, elevated plus maze test).

Q0223 Akashi,Y.J., Palus,S., Datta,R., Halem,H., Taylor,J.E., Thoene-Reineke,C., Dong,J., Thum,T., Culler,M.D., Anker,S.D., Springer,J. No effects of human ghrelin on cardiac function despite profound effects on body composition in a rat model of heart failure. International Journal of Cardiology 2009; 137(-3-):267-275. >>> Ghrelin, human; SC; Rat; 2002; 28 days; Comparison of SC injections vs. mp; pumps replaced after 14 days; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 215-235 g.).

P9332 Alonso,G., Galibert,E., Boulay,V., Guillou,A., Jean,A., Compan,V., Guillon,G. Sustained Elevated Levels of Circulating Vasopressin Selectively Stimulate the Proliferation of Kidney Tubular Cells via the Activation of V2 Receptors. Endocrinology 2009; 150(-1-):239-250. >>> Vasopressin; desmopressin; SC; Rat; 1007D; 3 or 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of 2x daily IP injections vs. mp; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 2 months old).

Q0560 Bonig,H., Chudziak,D., Priestley,G., Papayannopoulou,T. Insights into the biology of mobilized hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells through innovative treatment schedules of the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100. Experimental Hematology 2009; 37(-3-):402-415. >>> AMD3100; granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, recomb. human; PBS; BSA; SC; Mice; 2001; 9 days; Controls received sham mp; animal info (B6x129, C57Bl/6 wt); comparison of SC injections vs mp; "as a single-agent HSPC-mobilizing strategy, single-bolus injection of AMD3100 is relatively inefficient..." pg 410; "... the data presented here for continuous infusion of AMD3100 demonstrate superb HSPC mobilizing potency." pg 411.

P9686 Burke,S.L., Head,G.A. Cardiac and renal baroreflex control during stress in conscious renovascular hypertensive rabbits: effect of rilmenidine. Journal of Hypertension 2009; 27(-1-):132-141. >>> Rilmenidine; Saline; SC; Rabbit; 2ML4; 3 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IV injections vs. SC mp; antihypertensive; animal info (mixed breed, male, female, 2.4-3.2 kg.).

Q0222 Campanella,C., Jamali,F. Influence of prolonged exposure of a short half life non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on gastrointestinal safety. INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 17(-4-):205-210. >>> Flurbiprofen; PEG 400; IP; Rat; 2002; 7 days; Comparison of IP injections vs. mp; stability verified in vitro test for 14 days; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, adult, 300-350 g.); "There was no significant difference between the two i.p. groups in the post-mortem plasma R or S-flurbiprofen concentration or in the percent of the dose excreted as glucoronidated flurbiprofen in urine on days 1 and 7" pg 207.

Q0038 Cooke,J.H., Patterson,M., Patel,S.R., Smith,K.L., Ghatei,M.A., Bloom,S.R., Murphy,K.G. Peripheral and Central Administration of Xenin and Neurotensin Suppress Food Intake in Rodents. Obesity 2009; 17(-6-):1135-1143. >>> Xenin; neurotensin; SC; Mice; 1007D; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; peptides; no stress (pg 1142); animal info (male, C57BL/6); comparison of IP injections vs. SC mp; dose-response (table 1); functionality of mp verified by residual volume.

Q0657 Fujita,K., Seike,T., Yutsudo,N., Ohno,M., Yamada,H., Yamaguchi,H., Sakumi,K., Yamakawa,Y., Kido,M.A., Takaki,A., Katafuchi,T., Tanaka,Y., Nakabeppu,Y., Noda,M. Hydrogen in Drinking Water Reduces Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. PLoS One 2009; 4(-9-):U121-U130. >>> MPTP; NaCl; SC; Mice; 2004; 28 days; Animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 8-12 wks old); comparison of acute injections vs SC mp; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); post op. care (suture was disinfected with 70% ethanol everyday) pg e7246; behavioral testing (open field test); "Despite the lack of parkinsonian symptoms in the acute MPTP model in rodents, probably due to the low level of MAO-B in the rodent brain's capillaries, behavioral impairment could be observed in the chronic MPTP infusion model using an osmotic minipump to deliver the MPTP for long period. This could provide a better model for human PD." pg e7248.

P9481 Geary,R.S., Wancewicz,E., Matson,J., Pearce,M., Siwkowski,A., Swayze,E., Bennett,F. Effect of dose and plasma concentration on liver uptake and pharmacologic activity of a 2'-methoxyethyl modified chimeric antisense oligonucleotide targeting PTEN. Biochemical Pharmacology 2009; 78(-3-):284-291. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, nonsense; Saline; SC; Mice; 24, 72, 168 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig 3, 4); comparison of SC injections vs. mp; animal info (Balb/C, male, 20-25 g.); antisense (ISIS 1 16847); nonsense (ISIS 13920).

P9839 Gibrat,C., Saint-Pierre,M., Bousquet,M., Levesque,D., Rouillard,C., Cicchetti,F. Differences between subacute and chronic MPTP mice models: investigation of dopaminergic neuronal degeneration and alpha-synuclein inclusions. Journal of Neurochemistry 2009; 109(-5-):1469-1482. >>> MPTP; Saline; SC; IP; Mice; 2002; 2004; 14, 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP injections vs. SC mp vs. IP mp; post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (male, young adult, C57BL/6, 9 wks old); neurodegenerative (Parkinson's Disease); behavioral testing (open field test); "14-day i.p.chronic MPTP treatment... replicates more accurately the pathological characteristics of human parkinsonism since this model offers the advantage of a much more progressive neuronal death of mesencephalic origin" pg 1480.

P9788 Ginovart,N., Wilson,A.A., Hussey,D., Houle,S., Kapur,S. D2-Receptor Upregulation is Dependent upon Temporal Course of D2-Occupancy: A Longitudinal [11C]-Raclopride PET Study in Cats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009; 34(-3-):662-671. >>> Haloperidol; SC; Cat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Comparison of bolus injections vs. SC mp; multiple pumps per animal (4).

P9869 Herrmann,M., Henneicke,H., Street,J., Modzelewski,J., Kalak,R., Buttgereit,F., Dunstan,C.R., Zhou,H., Seibel,M.J. The challenge of continuous exogenous glucocorticoid administration in mice. Steroids 2009; 74(-2-):245-249. >>> Corticosterone; PEG 400; DMSO; SC; Mice; 2004; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; comparison of SC injections vs. pellet vs SC mp; animal info (Swiss White, male, CD1. 7-9 wks old).

Q0044 Huang,B.S., Ahmad,M., Tan,J.H., Leenen,F.H.H. Chronic central versus systemic blockade of AT1 receptors and cardiac dysfunction in rats post-myocardial infarction. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2009; 297(-3-):H968-H975. >>> Losartan; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (Wistar, 200-250 g, MI); ischemia (cardiac); comparison of SC injections vs. mp.

Q0623 Lloyd,S.A., Yuan,Y.Y., Simske,S.J., Riffle,S.E., Ferguson,V.L., Bateman,T.A. Administration of high-dose macrophage colony-stimulating factor increases bone turnover and trabecular volume fraction. JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM 2009; 27(-5-):546-554. >>> Colony-stimulating factor, M; SC; Mice; 28 days; Animal info (male, C57BL/6 J, 7 wks old); comparison of SC injections vs mp; lack of cortical response in both daily injection and pump studies, pg 550.

Q0665 Madia,P.A., Dighe,S.V., Sirohi,S., Walker,E.A., Yoburn,B.C. Dosing protocol and analgesic efficacy determine opioid tolerance in the mouse. Psychopharmacology 2009; 207(-3-):413-422. >>> Etorphine; oxycodone; hydrocodone; methadone; Saline; DMSO; SC; Mice; 2001; 7 days; Controls received placebo pellets wrapped in nylon mesh; animal info (Male, Swiss Webster, 23-30 g); tolerance; comparison of SC injections vs mp; "Higher doses of hydrocodone, oxycodone, and methadone could not be infused due to solubility issues." pg 415; 20% DMSO used; "infusion with hydrocodone or methadone produced greater tolerance than acute or intermittent treatment" pg 417.

Q0449 Stockwell,K.A., Scheller,D., Rose,S., Jackson,M.J., Tayarani-Binazir,K., Iravani,M.M., Smith,L.A., Olanow,C.W., Jenner,P. Continuous administration of rotigotine to MPTP-treated common marmosets enhances anti-parkinsonian activity and reduces dyskinesia induction. Experimental Neurology 2009; 219(-2-):533-542. >>> Rotigotine; Saline, sterile; SC; Monkey (marmoset); 2004; 58 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (adult common, male, female, 354 g); comparison of sc injections vs. mp; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); post op. care (Rimadyl, Synulox); "pumps were removed... and replaced with new minipumps implanted into the opposite flank." pg 534; "These results demonstrate that the anti-parkinsonian benefits associated with a continuous infusion of rotigotine were more sustained compared to pulsatile rotigotine or L-DOPA treatment..." pg 541.

Q0727 Waxman,A.R., Arout,C., Caldwell,M., Dahan,A., Kest,B. Acute and chronic fentanyl administration causes hyperalgesia independently of opioid receptor activity in mice. Neuroscience Letters 2009; 462(-1-):68-72. >>> Fentanyl; Saline; SC; Mice; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (adult, male, CD-1); comparison of SC injections vs. mp; "Although acute fentanyl injection (0.25 mg/kg) caused hyperalgesia within 15 min, hyperalgesia was not similarly evident on infusion Day 1 even though pumps were filled with a fentanyl dose (10mg/kg/24 h) that dispenses ~0.42 mg/kg/h, almost double the dose given by bolus injection." pg 71.

P9462 White,C.L., Whittington,A., Barnes,M.J., Wang,Z., Bray,G.A., Morrison,C.D. HF diets increase hypothalamic PTP1B and induce leptin resistance through both leptin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2009; 296(-2-):E291-E299. >>> Leptin; Saline; SC; CSF/CNS; Rat; mice; 10, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP, ICV injections vs. mp; peptides; post op. care (analgesics); animal info (male, Long Evans, 10 wks old; C57BL/6 wt, ob/ob, 8 wks old).

P9463 Willis,M.S., Rojas,M., Li,L., Selzman,C.H., Tang,R.H., Stansfield,W.E., Rodriguez,J.E., Glass,D.J., Patterson,C. Muscle ring finger 1 mediates cardiac atrophy in vivo. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2009; 296(-4-):H997-H1006. >>> Dexamethasone; DMSO; SC; Mice; 2002; 2 weeks; Comparison of SC injections vs. mp; cardiovascular; animal info (male, female, wt, MuRF1 -/-, 12-15 wks old); murine cardiac atrophy model; "osmotic pump experiments demonstrated a greater overall atrophy than the daily dexamethasone injections." (p. H1004).

P9290 Alahmed,S., Herbert,J. STRAIN DIFFERENCES IN PROLIFERATION OF PROGENITOR CELLS IN THE DENTATE GYRUS OF THE ADULT RAT AND THE RESPONSE TO FLUOXETINE ARE DEPENDENT ON CORTICOSTERONE. Neuroscience 2008; 157(-3-):677-682. >>> Fluoxetine; Propylene glycol; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of daily IP injections vs. mp; post op. care (Buprenorphine); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, Lister-hooded, 200-250 g.); "The activity of progenitor cells in either strain did not respond to daily i.p. injections of fluoexetine (10 mg/kg) for 14 days, but an equivalent dose administered by osmotic minipump stimulated proliferation in both by a similar proportional amount." (p. 677).

P9259 Almon,R.R., Yang,E., Lai,W., Androulakis,I.P., DuBois,D.C., Jusko,W.J. Circadian variations in rat liver gene expression: Relationships to drug actions. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2008; 326(-3-):700-716. >>> Methylprednisolone; Rat; 1-7 days; Replacement therapy (adrenalectomy); comparison of bolus injection vs. mp; animal info (male, Wistar, 225-275 g.).

P9503 Alvarez-Fischer,D., Guerreiro,S., Hunot,S., Saurini,F., Marien,M., Sokoloff,P., Hirsh,E.C., Hartmann,A., Michel,P.P. Modelling Parkinson-like neurodegeneration via osmotic minipump delivery of MPTP and probenecid. Journal of Neurochemistry 2008; 107(-3-):701-711. >>> MPTP HCl; probenecid; Saline; SC; IP; Mice; 1002; 2004; 2, 3, 4 weeks; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig 3); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (male, C57BL/6, 9-10 wks old); neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); probenecid used as an adjuvant molecule, serving as a solvent for MPTP in some experiments.

P9386 Audoy-Remus,J., Richard,J.F., Soulet,D., Zhou,H., Kubes,P., Vallieres,L. Rod-Shaped Monocytes Patrol the Brain Vasculature and Give Rise to Perivascular Macrophages under the Influence of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Angiopoietin-2. Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 28(-41-):10187-10199. >>> L1-10; PBS; CSF/CNS; Mice; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IV injections vs. mp; ALZET brain infusion kit 3 used; peptides; animal info (male, C57BL/6, 2-3 months old); L1-10 is an anti-Angpt2-peptide-Fc fusion protein.

P9389 Barth,R.F., Yang,W.L., Wu,G., Swindall,M., Byun,Y.J., Narayanasamy,S., Tjarks,W., Tordoff,K., Moeschberger,M.L., Eriksson,S., Binne,P.J., Riley,K.J. Thymidine kinase 1 as a molecular target for boron neutron capture therapy of brain tumors. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2008; 105(-45-):17493-17497. >>> N5-2OH; DMSO; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001D; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IT injections vs. mp; cancer (glioma); toxicology; animal info (Fisher); 30% DMSO used; 3-Carboranyl thymidine analog; "by administering N5-2OH at a much lower dose (500 ug vs. 30 mg for D-CDU) i.c.v. over 24h by Alzet pumps, we have markedly increased tumor boron uptake (27.6 ug/gm tumor) with undetectable amounts in normal brain and blood." (p. 17495).

P9392 Bosch,O.J., Neumann,I.D. Brain vasopressin is an important regulator of maternal behavior independent of dams' trait anxiety. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2008; 105(-44-):17139-17144. >>> Vasopressin, arginine; oxytocin; oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, missense; Ringer's solution; CSF/CNS; CSF/CNS (medial preoptic area); Rat (pregnant); 1007D; 5-7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of ICV injections vs. mp; antisense (AVP-R); peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); post op. care (Enrofloxacin, Baytril); animal info (female, Wistar, HAB, LAB, 14 wks old); behavioral testing (maternal care, pup retrieval test, elevated plus maze); cannula placement and infusion sites verified with blue ink.

P9180 Coskun,T., Bina,H.A., Schneider,M.A., Dunbar,J.D., Hu,C.C., Chen,Y.Y., Moller,D.E., Kharitonenkov,A. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Corrects Obesity in Mice. Endocrinology 2008; 149(-12-):6018-6027. >>> Fibroblast growth factor 21; SC; Mice; 2 weeks; Comparison of SC injections vs. mp; half-life (p. 6025) 1 hour in mice; peptides; animal info (male, DIO, ob/ob, C57BL/6); obesity; "approximately a 10-fold greater dose of FGF21 was required to achieve an equivalent weight reduction compared with FGF21 administration via ALZET pumps." pg. 6021.

P8846 Dikmen,Z.G., Gellert,G.C., Dogan,P., Yoon,H., Lee,Y.B., Ahn,C.H., Shay,J.W. In vivo and in vitro effects of a HIF-1alpha inhibitor, RX-0047. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 2008; 104(-3-):985-994. >>> RX-0047; oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; SC; IP; Mice (nude); 1002; 14 days; Controls received no treatment; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; antisense (HIF-1a); cancer (lung, prostate); animal info (Nu/Nu).

P8751 Ghia,J.E., Blennerhassett,P., Collins,S.M. Impaired parasympathetic function increases susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in a mouse model of depression. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2008; 118(-6-):2209-2218. >>> Reserpine; Acetic acid; CSF/CNS; Mice; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (Fig. 1); comparison of IP injection vs. mp; no stress (see pg. 2210); antihypertensive; cyanoacrylate adhesive; animal info (male, female, C57BL/6, op/op, wt, 7-9 wks old, colitis, vagotomy); animal model of depression; plastics one cannula used; PE-60 used.

P8437 Henke,E., Perk,J., Vider,J., de Candia,P., Chin,Y., Solit,D.B., Ponomarev,V., Cartegni,L., Manova,K., Rosen,N., Benezra,R. Peptide-conjugated antisense oligonucleotides for targeted inhibition of a transcriptional regulator in vivo. NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 26(-1-):91-100. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense, peptide conjugated; oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; peptide, F3; TBS; SC; Mice (nude); mice; 1007D; 1002; 14, 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or control peptide and oligo in non-conjugated form, or rcId1-PCAO; comparison of IV injections vs. mp; pumps replaced after 14 days; no stress (see pg. 95, 97); stability verified after 24 hours in 37 C, plasma up to 28 days in 37 C saline; antisense (Id1, rcId1); cancer (breast, lung carcinoma); peptides; toxicology; animal info (female, nude NCR; male, C57J/B6); antisense oligos covalently coupled to address peptide that targets tumor endothelial cells; "no adverse effects on treated mice have been observed." (p. 97).

P8864 Hesketh,S.A., Brennan,A.K., Jessop,D.S., Finn,D.P. Effects of chronic treatment with citalopram on cannabinoid and opioid receptor-mediated G-protein coupling in discrete rat brain regions. Psychopharmacology 2008; 198(-1-):29-36. >>> Citalopram; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Comparison of IP injections vs. mp; animal info (adult, male, Sprague Dawley, 200g.); paper incorrectly states 2ML2 pump model as 2002.

P9220 Holmes,A.G., Mesa,J.L., Neill,B.A., Chung,J., Carey,A.L., Steinberg,G.R., Kemp,B.E., Southgate,R.J., Lancaster,G.I., Bruce,C.R., Watt,M.J., Febbraio,M.A. Prolonged interleukin-6 administration enhances glucose tolerance and increases skeletal muscle PPAR alpha and UCP2 expression in rats. Journal of Endocrinology 2008; 198(-2-):367-374. >>> Interleukin-6, recomb. human; Saline; BSA; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; no stress (see pg. 369); peptides; animal info (male, Wistar, 220 g.); endocrinology.

P9485 Johnson,P.M., Hollander,J.A., Kenny,P.J. Decreased brain reward function during nicotine withdrawal in C57BL6 mice: Evidence from intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) studies. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2008; 90(-3-):409-415. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; Saline, physiological; SC; Mice; 2004; 13 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; dependence; post op. care (bacitracin ointment); animal info (male, C57BL/6, 6 wks old); behavioral testing (intracranial self stimulation threshold, brain reward function).

P9768 Kang,G.S., Di Wang,X., Mohler,M.L., Kirichenko,O.V., Patil,R., Orr,W.E., Miller,D.D., Geisert,E.E. Effects, in an in-vivo model system, of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline on glioma. Anti-cancer Drugs 2008; 19(-9-):859-870. >>> EDL-155; HBSS; CSF/CNS (intratumoral); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Tissue perfusion (tumor); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; cancer (glioma); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250-350 g); EDL-155 also known as 1-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol.

P9117 Kasaoka,T., Nishiyama,H., Okada,M., Nakajima,M. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, MMI270 (CGS27023A) inhibited hematogenic metastasis of B16 melanoma cells in both experimental and spontaneous metastasis models. CLINICAL&EXPERIMENTAL METASTASIS 2008; 25(-7-):827-834. >>> MMI270; DMSO; PEG 300; SC; Mice; 2004; 2004; 14; 21 days; Comparison of SC injections vs. mp; enzyme inhibitor (matrix metalloproteinase); cancer (melanoma); animal info (7 wks old, BDF1, male, lymphadrectomy; 50% DMSO used; 50% PEG 300.

Q0835 Kasuga,Y., Adachi,J., Nishi,A., Hashimoto,H., Kaji,S., Horiuchi,Y., Kagawa,H. Induction of sexual maturation of male Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) by continuous administration of various hormones using osmotic pump. CYBIUM 2008; 32(-2-):171-171. >>> Human chorionic gonadotropin; salmon pituitary extract; gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist; IP; Fish (eel); 2006; 42 days; Animal info (male, Japanese); long-term study; comparison of IP injections vs IP mp; incorrectly listed Model 2002; "HCG administration of 50 IU day-1 by using OS was an efficient and reliable method for the artificial maturation of male Japanese eel, instead of the weekly injections method." pg 171.

P8848 Klein,G., Juni,A., Arout,C.A., Waxman,A.R., Inturrisi,C.E., Kest,B. Acute and chronic heroin dependence in mice: Contribution of opioid and excitatory amino acid receptors. European Journal of Pharmacology 2008; 586(-1-3-):179-188. >>> MK-801; LY293558; Saline, physiological; SC; Mice; 2001; ; Controls received vehicle; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; dependence; animal info (male, CD-1, adult); "only MK-801 infusion was effective in reducing the subsequent withdrawal jumping." (p. 186); "We observed that LY293558 delivery by continuous infusion-but not acute bolus dose injection-prior to acute heroin injection reduced naloxone-precipitated withdrawal jumping" (p. 186).

P8849 LaCroix,C., Freeling,J., Giles,A., Wess,J., Li,Y.F. Deficiency of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors increases susceptibility of ventricular function to chronic adrenergic stress. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2008; 294(-2-):H810-H820. >>> Isoproterenol; SC; Mice; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; comparison of IV injections vs. mp; cardiovascular; animal info (male, 129J1 x CF1, wt, M2-AChR -/-, 2-3 months old, 30g.).

R0258 Li,A.A., Baum,M.J., McIntosh,L.J., Day,M., Liu,F., Gray,E Jr  Neurotoxicology 2008; 29(-3-):504-519. >>> Bisphenol A; SC; Mice; ; Dose-response; comparison of oral gavage vs SC injections vs. mp; animal info (female, male); behavioral testing (open field behavior); review, see Rubin (2006), p. 512.

P8875 Lipinski,R.J., Hutson,P.R., Hannam,P.W., Nydza,R.J., Washington,I.M., Moore,R.W., Girdaukas,G.G., Peterson,R.E., Bushman,W. Dose- and route-dependent teratogenicity, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic profiles of the Hedgehog signaling antagonist cyclopamine in the mouse. TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2008; 104(-1-):189-197. >>> Cyclopamine; Cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl; SC; Mice; 1003D; 1007D; 2001D; 8.7, 4.2, 1.3, 14 days; Comparison of IP injections, oral vs. mp; dose-response (Table 2, Fig. 1C); half-life (p. 195) 4 hours; teratology; animal info (C57BL/6, 12-16 wks old); pump model incorrectly stated as 1002D; "OsP infusion yielded mostly stable concentrations and generally circumvented the toxicity of ip and po administration likely caused by large initial concentration spikes." pg. 195.

P9204 Malcontenti-Wilson,C., Chan,L., Nikfarjam,M., Muralidharan,V., Christophi,C. Vascular targeting agent Oxi4503 inhibits tumor growth in a colorectal liver metastases model. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2008; 23(-7-):E96-E104. >>> Oxi4503; Saline, sterile; SC; Mice; 1002; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p. e99); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; half-life (p.e103) 6 hours; cancer (colon with liver metastases); animal info (male, CBA, 6-8 wks old); agent also known as combrestatin A-1 trans-stilbene.

P9280 Mitamura,T., Yamada,A., Hanaoka,K., Asano,M., Niwa,T., Seki,J. Effect of pharmacokinetic profile on the pancreatic toxicity and efficacy of tacrolimus in rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2008; 33(-5-):575-584. >>> FK-506; Propylene glycol; ethanol; castor oil, hydrogenated; IV (femoral); Rat; 2002; 9, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by blood drug concentration; dose-response (fig. 4); comparison of bolus IV injections vs. mp; immunology; toxicology; animal info (male, Jcl:SD, 9 wks old: Fischer, WKAtt, 8 wks old; skin allograft); 15% EtOH used; "The sustained blood concentration of tacrolimus (via ALZET) with an AUC similar to that of bolus administration was better tolerated and had the same efficacy...These results indicate that the sustained-release formulation of tacrolimus has the potential to improve the safety of tacrolimus." (p. 583); also known as FK-506.

P9207 Nizri,E., Irony-Tur-Sinai,M., Faranesh,N., Lavon,I., Lavi,E., Weinstock,M., Brenner,T. Suppression of neuroinflammation and immunomodulation by the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2008; 203(-1-):12-22. >>> Rivastigmine; Saline; SC; Mice; 2004; 21, 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; half-life (p. 13) 4 hours; enzyme inhibitor (acetylcholinesterase); animal info (female, C57BL/6, 8 wks old, EAE); neurodegenerative (multiple sclerosis); behavioral testing (Morris water maze); "Delivery of rivastigmine by mini-osmotic pumps to ensure more uniform + continuous AChE inhibition was more effective than single daily doses and reduced disease severity and cummulative score by 73% and 72%, respectively." (p.17).

Q0052 Nogueiras,R., Veyrat-Duirebex,C., Suchanek,P.M., Klein,M., Tschoep,J., Caldwell,C., Woods,S.C., Wittmann,G., Watanabe,M., Liposits,Z., Fekete,C., Reizes,O., Rohner-Jeanrenaud,F., Tschoep,M.H. Peripheral, but Not Central, CB1 Antagonism Provides Food Intake-Independent Metabolic Benefits Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Diabetes 2008; 57(-11-):2977-2991. >>> SR141716; Saline, isotonic; tween 80; CSF/CNS; SC; Rat; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Wistar, 300-350 g; male, Sprague-Dawley); post op. care (buprenorphine); comparison of IP injections vs. SC mp; CB1 antagonist; dose-response (fig. 1).

P9306 Panford-Walsh,R., Singer,W., Ruettiger,L., Hadjab,S., Tan,J., Geisler,H.S., Zimmermann,U., Koepschall,I., Rohbock,K., Vieljans,A., Oestreicher,E., Knipper,M. Midazolam reverses salicylate-induced changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and Arg3.1 expression: Implications for tinnitus perception and auditory plasticity. MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 74(-3-):595-604. >>> Midazolam; Ear (round window niche); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ artificial perilymph; comparison of systemic injections vs. mp; animal info (female, Wistar, 200-300 g., cochlear trauma); behavioral testing (tinnitus perception via sound/reward); tissue perfusion (round window niche).

P8892 Paterson,N.E., Semenova,S., Markou,A. The effects of chronic versus acute desipramine on nicotine withdrawal and nicotine self-administration in the rat. Psychopharmacology 2008; 198(-3-):351-362. >>> Desipramine; nicotine; Saline; water; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 2ML2; 2ML4; 7, 14, 28 days; pumps replaced; dependence; animal info (male, Wistar, 300-350g.); post op. care ("antibacterial preparation"); comparison of IP injections vs. SC mp; "The results of the present study indicated that chronic, but not acute, DMI treatment attenuated the anhedonic and somatic components of nicotine withdrawal and that chronic DMI treatment significantly decreased nicotineand food-maintained responding." pg. 358.

P9438 Rocksen,D., Elfsmark,D., Heldestad,V., Wallgren,K., Cassel,G., Nyberg,A.G. An animal model to study health effects during continuous low-dose exposure to the nerve agent VX. Toxicology 2008; 250(-1-):32-38. >>> VX; dye, coomassie blue; Propylene glycol 400; saline; SC; Rat; 2002; 2004; 2, 8 weeks; 26 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by coomassie blue dye in saline, absorbance measurements for 4 wks; dose-response (fig. 2); comparison of SC injections vs. mp; long-term study; pumps replaced after 4 wks; no stress (see pg. 37); enzyme inhibitor (ACE).

P9083 Samaha,A.N., Reckless,G.E., Seeman,P., Diwan,M., Nobrega,J.N., Kapur,S. Less is more: Antipsychotic drug effects are greater with transient rather than continuous delivery. Biological Psychiatry 2008; 64(-2-):145-152. >>> Haloperidol; Acetic acid, glacial; water; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 19 days; Comparison of SC injections vs. mp; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 225-250 g.); behavioral testing (conditioned avoidance).

P9442 Scholz,J., Abele,A., Marian,C., Haeussler,A., Herbert,T.A., Woolf,C.J., Tegeder,I. Low-dose methotrexate reduces peripheral nerve injury-evoked spinal microglial activation and neuropathic pain behavior in rats. Pain 2008; 138(-1-):130-142. >>> Methotrexate; dexamethasone; CSF, artificial; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 7); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; enzyme inhibitor (dihydrofolate reductase); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 160-200 g., SNI); behavioral testing (paw withdrawal, mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia); "sustained intrathecal treatment may therefore suppress microglial activation much more efficiently than intermittent high-dose bolus injections." (p. 140).

P9242 Shabat-Simon,M., Levy,D., Amir,A., Rehavi,M., Zangen,A. Dissociation between rewarding and psychomotor effects of opiates: Differential roles for glutamate receptors within anterior and posterior portions of the ventral tegmental area. Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 28(-34-):8406-8416. >>> CNQX; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (ventral tegmental area); Rat; 1002; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of CSF/CNS micro injections vs. mp; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 280-340 g.); behavioral testing (place preference conditioning, locomotor activity); compound also known as 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2, 3-dione; opiate addiction.

P9300 Shinohara,A., Koyanagi,S., Hamdan,A.M., Matsunaga,N., Aramaki,H., Ohdo,S. Dosing schedule-dependent change in the disruptive effects of interferon-alpha on the circadian clock function. LIFE SCIENCES 2008; 83(-15-16-):574-580. >>> Interferon-alpha, recomb. human; Saline; SC; Mice; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; half-life (p. 579) "relatively short"; peptides; animal info (male, ICR, 5 wks old); behavioral testing (locomotor activity).

P9445 Sirohi,S., Dighe,S.V., Walker,E.A., Yoburn,B.C. The analgesic efficacy of fentanyl: Relationship to tolerance and mu-opioid receptor regulation. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2008; 91(-1-):115-120. >>> Fentanyl hydrochloride; Saline; SC; Mice; 7 days; Controls received placebo pellets; dose-response (fig. 3); comparison of SC injections vs. mp; tolerance; animal info (male, Swiss Webster, 23-35 g.).

P9447 Song,X.Y., Li,F., Zhang,F.H., Zhong,J.H., Zhou,X.F. Peripherally-Derived BDNF Promotes Regeneration of Ascending Sensory Neurons after Spinal Cord Injury. PLoS One 2008; 3(-3-):U22-U37. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, recomb. human; CSF/CNS (sciatic nerve); Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ PBS; comparison of foot pad injections vs. mp; peptides; animal info (female, Sprague Dawley, 8-10 wks old, SCI); behavioral testing (hind limb motor function).

P8949 Strassburg,S., Anker,S.D., Castaneda,T.R., Burget,L., Perez-Tilve,D., Pfluger,P.T., Nogueiras,R., Halem,H., Dong,J.Z., Culler,M.D., Datta,R., Tschoep,M.H. Long-term effects of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor agonists on energy balance in rats. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2008; 295(-1-):E78-E84. >>> BIM-28131; BIM-28125; ghrelin; Sodium chloride; Tween 80; serum, rat; SC; Rat; 2002; 4 weeks; Dose-response (pg. E80, fig. 1); comparison of SC injections vs. mp; pumps replaced on day 15; half-life (p. E83) ghrelin is "~10-30" min; peptide; post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 297-316 g.); BIM-28125 and BIM-28131 are GHS-R agonists (growth hormone secretagogue receptor); pumps were primed overnight; 5% Tween 80.

R0266 Swan,E.E.L., Mescher,M.J., Sewell,W.F., Tao,S.L., Borenstein,J.I. Inner ear drug delivery for auditory applications. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2008; 60(-15-):1583-1599. >>> Cisplatin; Sodium thiosulfate; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Fibroblast growth factor; D-JNKI-1; BN82270; Tetrodotoxin; Perilymph, artificial; Dexamethasone; Methylprednisone; Caroverine; Methionine, D-; Thiourea; Liposome, cationic; Neomycin; SC; Ear (round window membrane); Ear (cochlea); Ear (scala tympani); Ear; Guinea pig; 3, 7, 14, 28 days; Gene therapy; peptdies; no stress; enzyme inhibitor (peroxidase); stress/adverse reaction (see pg 1593) "Ref #161 found local trauma and inflammatory responses"; tissue perfusion (scala tympani, cochlea, round window membrane); comparison of middle ear injections vs. mp; Review, see pgs. 1587 - 1589, 1591, 1593 - 1595, refs #49, 50, 60, 63, 72, 75, 102, 104,180, 181, 194-201.

P9202 Tejeda,M., Gaal,D., Hullan,L., Csuka,O., Schwab,R., Szokoloczi,O., Keri,G.Y. Continuous Administration of the Somatostatin Structural Derivative /TT-232/ by Subcutaneously Implanted Osmotic Pump Improves the Efficacy and Potency of Antitumor Therapy in Different Mouse and Human Tumor Models. Anticancer Research 2008; 28(-5A-):2769-2774. >>> TT-232; Water, distilled; acetic acid; sodium acetate; mannitol; SC; IV (jugular); Mice; 2001; 2002; 7; 14; 28 days; Comparison of IP and SC injections vs. SC and IV mp; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; PE-10 tubing used; "The frequent and long-lasting repetition of TT-232 injection enhanced its therapeutic efficacy; however, serial injection causes significant stress to animals and adequate precautions are required. To this end, an ALZET osmotic minipump inserted s.c. and i.v. was used." pg 2773; "The results obtained from this study suggest that TT-232 is a good candidate for delivery by continuous (infusion) therapy; cancer.

P9455 Torres,O.V., Tejeda,H.A., Natividad,L.A., O'Dell,L.E. Enhanced vulnerability to the rewarding effects of nicotine during the adolescent period of development. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2008; 90(-4-):658-663. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; Saline, physiological; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Dose-response (fig. 3); comparison of SC injections vs. mp; dependence; animal info (male, Wistar, adolescent, 28 days old); behavioral testing (conditioned place preference).

P8847 Tourkina,E., Richard,M., Goeoez,P., Bonner,M., Pannu,J., Harley,R., Bernatchez,P.N., Sessa,W.C., Silver,R.M., Hoffman,S. Antifibrotic properties of caveolin-1 scaffolding domain in vitro and in vivo. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 294(-5-):L843-L861. >>> Caveolin-1, scaffolding domain (82-101); DMSO; Mice; 2002; 15 days; Controls received no mp treatment; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; peptides; animal info (male, CD-1, 10 wks old, Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis); 10% DMSO used.

P9724 van der Zwaal,E.M., Luijendijk,M.C.M., Adan,R.A.H., la Fleur,S.E. Olanzapine-induced weight gain: Chronic infusion using osmotic minipumps does not result in stable plasma levels due to degradation of olanzapine in solution. European Journal of Pharmacology 2008; 585(-1-):130-136. >>> Olanzapine; Acetic acid, glacial; saline; hydrochloric acid; water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/vehicle; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; half-life (p.130) "2-5 h in rats"; animal info (male, Wistar); "...at the end of the study, we noticed a strong discoloration of the solution remaining in the minipumps of the olanzapine-treated rats (from bright orange to dark green), as well as a dark precipitate in the pumps interior, which was most notable in the highest dose group" pg 132; "...this suggests that lower plasma levels of olanzapine occur over time only when osmotic minipumps are used and not with daily s.c. injections." pg 135; "Only drugs that are (relatively) stable in a solution at body temperature will result in truly constant drug delivery from an osmotic minipump and, therefore, enable accurate and reliable experimental results." pg 136.

P9276 Wallingford,N.M., Sinnayah,P., Bymaster,F.P., Gadde,K.M., Krishnan,R.K., McKinney,A.A., Landbloom,R.P., Tollefson,G.D., Cowley,M.A. Zonisamide prevents olanzapine-associated hyperphagia, weight gain, and elevated blood glucose in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33(-12-):2922-2933. >>> Olanzapine; Lactic acid; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 12, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; no stress (see pg. 2923); animal info (female, Sprague Dawley, 230-275 g.); "Mini-pumps were used to chronically deliver OLZ in order to minimize stress-related changes in food intake and body weight associated with daily handling and intraperitoneal (IP) injection." (p. 2923).

P9262 Wong,J.H., Dukes,J., Levy,R.E., Sos,B., Mason,S.E., Fong,T.S., Weiss,E.J. Sex differences in thrombosis in mice are mediated by sex-specific growth hormone secretion patterns. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2008; 118(-8-):2969-2978. >>> Growth hormone, recomb. mouse; Saline; NaCO3; Mice; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of pulsatile injections vs. mp; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, female, C57BL/6J, wt, lit-mt, 6-8 wks old).

P9275 Wu,T.W., Li,W.W., Li,H. NETRIN-1 ATTENUATES ISCHEMIC STROKE-INDUCED APOPTOSIS. Neuroscience 2008; 156(-3-):475-482. >>> Netrin-1; PBS; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1007D; 5, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of ICV injections vs. mp; ALZET brain infusion kit 3 used; ischemia (cerebral); animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 10 wks old, MCAO).

P9274 Zaher,H., Schwabedissen,H.E.M.Z., Tirona,R.G., Cox,M.L., Obert,L.A., Agrawal,N., Palandra,J., Stock,J.L., Kim,R.B., Ware,J.A. Targeted disruption of murine organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1b2 (oatp1b2/Slco1b2) significantly alters disposition of prototypical drug substrates pravastatin and rifampin. MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 74(-2-):320-329. >>> Rifampin; pravastatin; Water; DMSO; SC; Mice; 2001D; 24 hours; Functionality of mp verified by plasma concentrations; dose-response (fig. 5); comparison of IV injections vs. mp; animal info (male, DBA1/lacJ, wt, Slco1b2 -/-, 9-14 wks old); 0.5% DMSO used.