References on the Administration of Nicotine Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

Q0782 Hao,J.W., Simard,A.R., Turner,G.H., Wu,J., Whiteaker,P., Lukas,R.J., Shi,F.D. Attenuation of CNS inflammatory responses by nicotine involves alpha7 and non-alpha7 nicotinic receptors. Experimental Neurology 2011; 227(-1-):110-119. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; PBS; SC; Mice; 1004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (B6 (H-2b)).

Q0882 Penton,R.E., Quick,M.W., Lester,R.A.J. Short- and Long-Lasting Consequences of In Vivo Nicotine Treatment on Hippocampal Excitability. Journal of Neuroscience 2011; 31(-7-):2584-2594. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Animal info (male, 6 wks old, Sprague Dawley, 150-225 g).

Q0342 Bruijnzeel,A.W., Bishnoi,M., van Tuijl,I.A., Keijzers,K.F.M., Yavarovich,K.R., Pasek,T.M., Ford,J., Alexander,J.C., Yamada,H. Effects of prazosin, clonidine, and propranolol on the elevations in brain reward thresholds and somatic signs associated with nicotine withdrawal in rats. Psychopharmacology 2010; 212(-4-):485-499. >>> Nicotine; Rat; 2ML4; ; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (male, Wistar, 250-300 g); withdrawal.

Q0112 de Oliveira,E., Moura,E.G., Santos-Silva,A.P., Pinheiro,C.R., Lima,N.S., Nogueira-Neto,J.F., Nunes-Freitas,A.L., breu-Villaca,Y., Passos,M.C.F., Lisboa,P.C. Neonatal nicotine exposure causes insulin and leptin resistance and inhibits hypothalamic leptin signaling in adult rat offspring. Journal of Endocrinology 2010; 206(-1-):55-63. >>> Nicotine, free base; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; functionality of mp verified by serum and milk cotinine levels; animal info (female, Wistar, lactating); endocrinology.

Q0399 Doura,M.B., Luu,T.V., Lee,N.H., Perry,D.C. PERSISTENT GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES IN VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA OF ADOLESCENT BUT NOT ADULT RATS IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC NICOTINE. Neuroscience 2010; 170(-2-):503-513. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; Saline; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 28-30 pn, 60-70 pn); post op. care (buprenorphine); wound clips used.

Q0134 Formaggio,E., Fazzini,F., Dalfini,A.C., Di Chio,M., Cantu,C., Decimo,I., Fiorini,Z., Fumagalli,G., Chiamulera,C. NICOTINE INCREASES THE EXPRESSION OF NEUROTROPHIN RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR A IN BASAL FOREBRAIN CHOLINERGIC NEURONS. Neuroscience 2010; 166(-2-):580-589. >>> Nicotine tartrate; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley).

Q0042 Fujimura,Y., Zoghbi,S.S., Simeon,F., Taku,A., Victor,P., Innis,R., Fujita,M. Quantification of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in human brain with 18F-PBR06. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2010; 29(--):S360-S375. >>> Nicotine; Monkey (baboon); 6 months; Long-term study; animal info (Papio anubis); functionality of mp verified by plasma nicotine concentration; pumps replaced at 15 days, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months.

Q0330 Ichinose,R., Sano,H., Kishimoto,K.N., Sakamoto,N., Sato,M., Itoi,E. Alteration of the material properties of the normal supraspinatus tendon by nicotine treatment in a rat model. Acta Orthopaedica 2010; 81(-5-):634-638. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 12 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, rats, 350-400 g); long-term study; pumps replaced; every 4 weeks; stress/adverse reaction (see pg. 635) "1 rat in the L group developed skin necrosis at the site of pump insertion".

P9960 Jackson,K.J., Carroll,F.I., Negus,S.S., Damaj,M.I. Effect of the selective kappa-opioid receptor antagonist JDTic on nicotine antinociception, reward, and withdrawal in the mouse. Psychopharmacology 2010; 210(-2-):285-294. >>> Nicotine; Mice; 1007D; 7, 14 days; Animal info (8-10 wks old, 20-25 g); 28-day pumps used; withdrawal.

Q0226 Natividad,L.A., Tejeda,H.A., Torres,O.V., O'Dell,L.E. Nicotine Withdrawal Produces a Decrease in Extracellular Levels of Dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens that is Lower in Adolescent Versus Adult Male Rats. Synapse 2010; 64(-2-):136-145. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Animal info (male, Wistar, adult, adolescent); 9 mm wound clips used; rate of infusion listed incorrectly.

Q0179 Oliveira,E., Pinheiro,C.R., Santos-Silva,A.P., Trevenzoli,I.H., breu-Villaca,Y., Neto,J.F.N., Reis,A.M., Passos,M.C.F., Moura,E.G., Lisboa,P.C. Nicotine exposure affects mother's and pup's nutritional, biochemical, and hormonal profiles during lactation in rats. Journal of Endocrinology 2010; 205(-2-):159-170. >>> Nicotine, free base; Saline, physiological; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (female, Wistar, 3 months old, lactating); functionality of mp verified by serum cotinine levels; endocrinology.

Q0831 Santos-Silva,A.P., Moura,E.G., Pinheiro,C.R., Rios,A.S., breu-Villaca,Y., Passos,M.C.F., Oliveira,E., Lisboa,P.C. Neonatal nicotine exposure alters leptin signaling in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in the late postnatal period and adulthood in rats. LIFE SCIENCES 2010; 87(-5-6-):187-195. >>> Nicotine, free base; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (pregnant, lactating).

Q0139 Simakajornboon,N., Kuptanon,T., Jirapongsuwan,P. The effect of prenatal nicotine exposure on PDGFR-mediated anti-apoptotic mechanism in the caudal brainstem of developing rat. Neuroscience Letters 2010; 478(--):46-50. >>> Nicotine tartrate; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Sprague Dawley).

Q0032 Slotkin,T.A., Seidler,F.J. Mimicking maternal smoking and pharmacotherapy of preterm labor: Interactions of fetal nicotine and dexamethasone on serotonin and dopamine synaptic function in adolescence and adulthood. Brain Research Bulletin 2010; 82(-1-2-):124-134. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Water, bacteriostatic; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2002; 21 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle w/ sodium bitartrate); teratology; dependence; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, agent given through PN4); incision closed with wound clips.

Q0033 Slotkin,T.A., Ryde,I.T., Seidler,F.J. Additive and synergistic effects of fetal nicotine and dexamethasone exposure on cholinergic synaptic function in adolescence and adulthood: Implications for the adverse consequences of maternal smoking and pharmacotherapy of preterm delivery. Brain Research Bulletin 2010; 81(--):552-560. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Water, bacteriostatic; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2002; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ saline (veh plus sodium bitartrate); teratology; dependence; no stress (see pg. 554); animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, 232 g); incision closed with wound clips.

Q0242 Van Kampen,J.M., Eckman,C.B. Agonist-induced restoration of hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive improvement in a model of cholinergic denervation. Neuropharmacology 2010; 58(-6-):921-929. >>> Physostigmine; carbachol; nicotine; pirenzepine; oxotremorine; mecamylamine; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 2004; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (female, Sprague Dawley, 250 g.); neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's Disease).

Q0478 Yamano,S., Berley,J.A., Kuo,W.P., Gallucci,G.O., Weber,H.P., Sukotjo,C. Effects of nicotine on gene expression and osseointegration in rats. CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH 2010; 21(-12-):1353-1359. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Rat; 2004; 8 weeks; Controls received mp w/vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 4-6 wks old); pumps replaced after 4 weeks.

P9734 Amitai,N., Markou,A. Chronic nicotine improves cognitive performance in a test of attention but does not attenuate cognitive disruption induced by repeated phencyclidine administration. Psychopharmacology 2009; 202(-1-3-):275-286. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 14 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; animal info (male, Wistar); incorrectly stated 2ML1 as 14 day pump.

Q0462 Caille,S., Guillem,K., Cador,M., Manzoni,O., Georges,F. Voluntary Nicotine Consumption Triggers In Vivo Potentiation of Cortical Excitatory Drives to Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons. Journal of Neuroscience 2009; 29(-33-):10410-10415. >>> Nicotine tartrate; SC; Rat; 2ML2; ; Controls received mp w/saline; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 175-200 g).

P9713 Canis,M., Mack,B., Gires,O., Maurer,M.H., Kuschinsky,W., Duembgen,L., Duelli,R. Increased densities of monocarboxylate transport protein MCT1 after chronic administration of nicotine in rat brain. NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH 2009; 64(-4-):429-435. >>> Nicotine; SC; Rat; 2001; 1 week; Controls received mp w/saline; dependence; animal info (adult, Sprague Dawley, 250-350 g).

Q0807 Cannady,R., Weir,R., Wee,B., Gotschlich,E., Kolia,N., Lau,E., Brotherton,J., Levin,E.D. Nicotinic antagonist effects in the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus: Regional heterogeneity of nicotinic receptor involvement in cognitive function. Biochemical Pharmacology 2009; 78(-7-):788-794. >>> Nicotine; methyllyaconitine; erythroidine, dihydro-beta-; Saline; CSF, artificial; SC; CSF/CNS (mediodorsal thalamic nucleus); Rat; 2004; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (young adult, female, Sprague Dawley); multiple pumps per animal (2); behavioral testing (radial maze); Polypro suturing used to secure the minipumps and tubing; memory.

Q0467 Coddou,C., Bravo,E., Eugenin,J. Alterations in cholinergic sensitivity of respiratory neurons induced by pre-natal nicotine: a mechanism for respiratory dysfunction in neonatal mice. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2009; 364(-1529-):2527-2535. >>> Nicotine ditartrate; SC; Mice (pregnant); 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/saline; animal info (adult, CF1, 5-7 days pregnant); teratology; "(minipumps) allow us to study the nicotine effects on brain development, mimicking the steady-state plasma levels of nicotine observed in pregnant women considered moderate smokers but without confounding hypoxia and stress-derived factors associated with multiple subcutaneous injections." pg 2533.

P9400 Coen,K.M., Adamson,K.L., Corrigall,W.A. Medication-related pharmacological manipulations of nicotine self-administration in the rat maintained on fixed- and progressive-ratio schedules of reinforcement. Psychopharmacology 2009; 201(-4-):557-568. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Saline; SC; Rat; 2002; 10-14 days; Controls received sham device; dependence; animal info (male, Long-Evans, 300-350 g.).

Q0367 Fuller,D.D., Dougherty,B.J., Sandhu,M.S., Doperalski,N.J., Reynolds,C.R., Hayward,L.F. Prenatal nicotine exposure alters respiratory long-term facilitation in neonatal rats. RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY&NEUROBIOLOGY 2009; 169(-3-):333-337. >>> Nicotine; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 1, 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (Sprague-Dawley, female); functionality of mp verified by plasma nicotine levels; post op. care (buprenorphine, carprofen); wound clips used.

P9483 Galeote,L., Berrendero,F., Bura,S.A., Zimmer,A., Maldonado,R. Prodynorphin gene disruption increases the sensitivity to nicotine self-administration in mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 12(-5-):615-625. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate salt; SC; Mice; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; dependence; animal info (male, C57BL/6, wt, prodynorphin KO) dose (~ 25 mg/kg/d).

P9862 Gold,A.B., Keller,A.B., Perry,D.C. Prenatal exposure of rats to nicotine causes persistent alterations of nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Brain Research 2009; 1250(-;-):88-100. >>> Nicotine; Rat (pregnant); 2002; 2004; ; Controls received mp w/saline; animal info (adult, pregnant, female, Sprague Dawley, PN10); "Osmotic minipumps were chosen to avoid spikes of high plasma nicotine concentrations and subsequent episodic fetal hypoxia/ischemia that can be produced by nicotine injections." pg. 97.

Q0455 Gotfredsen,K., Lindh,C.H., Berglundh,T. Does Longstanding Nicotine Exposure Impair Bone Healing and Osseointegration? An Experimental Study in Rabbits. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS 2009; 91B(-2-):918-923. >>> Nicotine tartrate; Water, sterile; SC; Rabbit; 6 months; Animal info (New Zealand, white, female); long-term study; pumps replaced monthly; multiple pumps per animal (2); "the results indicate the relative safety of nicotine replacement therapy for periods up to 6 months." pg 923.

P9238 Grilli,M., Pittaluga,A., Merlo-Pich,E., Marchi,M. NMDA-mediated modulation of dopamine release is modified in rat prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens after chronic nicotine treatment. Journal of Neurochemistry 2009; 108(-2-):408-416. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Saline; Rat; 2ML2; 14, 21, 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced after 14 days; dependence; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200-250 g.).

P9714 Hamilton,K.R., Berger,S.S., Perry,M.E., Grunberg,N.E. Behavioral effects of nicotine withdrawal in adult male and female rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2009; 92(-1-):51-59. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 7 days; Controls received mp w/saline; dependence; animal info (Sprague Dawley, male, female).

Q0761 Jackson,K.J., Walters,C.L., Miles,M.F., Martin,B.R., Damaj,M.M. Characterization of pharmacological and behavioral differences to nicotine in C57B1/6 and DBA/2 mice. Neuropharmacology 2009; 57(-4-):347-355. >>> Nicotine; Saline, physiological; SC; Mice; 2002; 2004; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (male, B6, D2, 20-25 g); wound clips used; "the nicotine dose used for chronic studies corresponds to approximately 2 mg/kg/h, which yields plasma levels of 0.1 uM, a dose within the plasma range of human smokers"; tolerance; withdrawal.

P9584 Jackson,K.J., Kota,D.H., Martin,B.R., Damaj,M.I. The role of various nicotinic receptor subunits and factors influencing nicotine conditioned place aversion. Neuropharmacology 2009; 56(-6-7-):970-974. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Mice; 2002; 2004; 14, 28 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; animal info (male, 129P3/J, female C57BL6/J, 8-10 wks old, 20-25).

Q0825 Jackson,K.J., McIntosh,J.M., Brunzell,D.H., Sanjakdar,S.S., Damaj,M.I. The Role of alpha-6-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Nicotine Reward and Withdrawal. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2009; 331(-2-):547-554. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Mice; 2002; 2004; 14, 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 8-10 wks old); behavioral testing (tail flick, hot plate testing, locomotor activity); withdrawal.

P9740 Jackson,K.J., Damaj,M.I. L-Type Calcium Channels and Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase II Differentially Mediate Behaviors Associated with Nicotine Withdrawal in Mice. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2009; 330(-1-):152-161. >>> Nicotine; Saline; Mice; 2002; 2004; 14, 28 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; dependence; animal info (male, C57BL/6J).

P9558 Kamendi,H.W., Cheng,Q., Dergacheva,O., Gorini,C., Jameson,H.S., Wang,X., McIntosh,J.M., Mendelowitz,D. Abolishment of Serotonergic Neurotransmission to Cardiac Vagal Neurons During and After Hypoxia and Hypercapnia With Prenatal Nicotine Exposure. Journal of Neurophysiology 2009; 101(-3-):1141-1150. >>> Nicotine; Rat; 28 days; Teratology; post op. care (buprenorphine) animal info (adult, female).

Q0369 Kwilasz,A.J., Harris,L.S., Vann,R.E. Removal of continuous nicotine infusion produces somatic but not behavioral signs of withdrawal in mice. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2009; 94(-1-):114-118. >>> Nicotine; Saline, sterile, physiological; SC; Mice; 1002; 12 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, adult ICR, 25-30 g); withdrawal.

P9649 Levin,E.D., Perkins,A., Brotherton,T., Qazi,M., Berez,C., Montalvo-Ortiz,J., Davis,K., Williams,P., Christopher,N.C. Chronic underactivity of medial frontal cortical beta2-containing nicotinic receptors increases clozapine-induced working memory impairment in female rats. PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY&BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 2009; 33(-2-):296-302. >>> Nicotine; methllycaconitine; erithrodine, dihydro-beta; Saline; CSF, artificial; SC; CSF/CNS (medial frontal cortex); Rat; 2004; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/vehicle; animal info (adult female, SD); multiple pumps per animal (2); bilateral infusion; behavioral testing (radial-Arm-maze).

P9749 Mao,C.P., Wu,J.W., Xiao,D.L., Lv,J.X., Ding,Y., Xu,Z., Zhang,L.B. The effect of fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure on renal development of AT1 and AT2 receptors. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY 2009; 27(-2-):149-154. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; teratology; animal info (Sprague Dawley, female, 350 g); toxicology.

P9595 Marcinkiewcz,C.A., Prado,M.M., Isaac,S.K., Marshall,A., Rylkova,D., Bruijnzeel,A.W. Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Within the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala and the Nucleus Accumbens Shell Mediates the Negative Affective State of Nicotine Withdrawal in Rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009; 34(-7-):1743-1752. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; ; Controls received mp w/vehicle; dependence; animal info (male, Wistar, 250-300).

Q0646 Nizri,E., Irony-Tur-Sinai,M., Lory,O., Orr-Urtreger,A., Lavi,E., Brenner,T. Activation of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory System by Nicotine Attenuates Neuroinflammation via Suppression of Th1 and Th17 Responses. Journal of Immunology 2009; 183(-10-):6681-6688. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Mice; 28 days; Controls received sham operation; animal info (8 wks old, female, C57BL/6).

Q0635 Oliveira,E., Moura,E.G., Santos-Silva,A.P., Fagundes,A.T.S., Rios,A.S., breu-Villaca,Y., Neto,J.F.N., Passos,M.C.F., Lisboa,P.C. Short- and long-term effects of maternal nicotine exposure during lactation on body adiposity, lipid profile, and thyroid function of rat offspring. Journal of Endocrinology 2009; 202(-3-):397-405. >>> Nicotine, free base; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Wistar, lactating); "6 mg/kg of NIC per day... produces plasma NIC levels similar to those in typical smokers - ~25 ng/ml".

R0273 Penton,R.E., Lester,R.A.J. Cellular events in nicotine addiction. SEMINARS IN CELL&DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2009; 20(-4-):418-431. >>> Nicotine; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Animal info (adult, male, 180-200 g, 250-300 g, 150-250 g).

Q0366 Pilarski,J.Q., Fregosi,R.F. Prenatal nicotine exposure alters medullary nicotinic and AMPA-mediated control of respiratory frequency in vitro. RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY&NEUROBIOLOGY 2009; 169(-1-):1-10. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ physiological saline; animal info (Sprague-Dawley, male, female).

P9831 Portugal,G.S., Gould,T.J. Nicotine withdrawal disrupts new contextual learning. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2009; 92(-1-):117-123. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; Saline; SC; Mice; 1002; 12 days; Animal info (C57BL/6J, 8-12 wks old); withdrawal.

P9361 Raybuck,J.D., Gould,T.J. Nicotine withdrawal-induced deficits in trace fear conditioning in C57BL / 6 mice - a role for high-affinity beta-2 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. European Journal of Neuroscience 2009; 29(-2-):377-387. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; SC; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Animal info (male, C57BL/6, 8-12 wks old); behavioral testing (trace fear conditioning); withdrawal; dose (6.3 mg/kg/day).

P9710 Reti,I.M., Han,S., Miskimon,M., Rosen,J.B., Baraban,J.M. Nicotine and Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Withdrawal Induce Narp in the, Central Nucleus of the Amygdala. Synapse 2009; 63(-3-):252-255. >>> Nicotine; SC; Rat; 7 days; Controls received mp w/saline or made nicotine dependent on day 7; dependence; animal info (male, 175-250 g).

P9715 Roiko,S.A., Harris,A.C., LeSage,M.G., Keyler,D.E., Pentel,P.R. Passive immunization with a nicotine-specific monoclonal antibody decreases brain nicotine levels but does not precipitate withdrawal in nicotine-dependent rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2009; 93(-2-):105-111. >>> Nicotine; Saline, sterile; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; ; Animal Info (male, Holtzman, Sprague Dawley, 300-325 g).

P9646 Sakoori,K., Murphy,N.P. Enhanced nicotine sensitivity in nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor knockout mice. Neuropharmacology 2009; 56(-5-):896-904. >>> Nicotine; NaCl; SC; Mice; 14 days; Animal info (3-5 mo, NOP receptor KO).

P9514 Salas,R., Sturm,R., Boulter,J., De Biasi,M. Nicotinic Receptors in the Habenulo-Interpeduncular System Are Necessary for Nicotine Withdrawal in Mice. Journal of Neuroscience 2009; 29(-10-):3014-3018. >>> Nicotine; SC; Mice; 1004; 13 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (C57BL/6, alpha2, alpha5); dose (24 mg/kg/day).

P9641 Shi,F.D., Piao,W.F., Kuo,Y.P., Campagnolo,D.I., Vollmer,T.L., Lukas,R.J. Nicotinic Attenuation of Central Nervous System Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Journal of Immunology 2009; 183(-3-):1730-1739. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; PBS; SC; Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; animal info (B6 (H-2b), female, 7-8 wks old).

P9631 Slotkin,T.A., Seidler,F.J. Nicotine Exposure in Adolescence Alters the Response of Serotonin Systems to Nicotine Administered Subsequently in Adulthood. Developmental Neuroscience 2009; 31(-1-2-):58-70. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Water, bacteriostatic; SC; Rat; 1002; 2ML2; 17 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle, dependence; animal info (PD30, PD90).

P9647 Tan,H.B., Bishop,S.F., Lauzon,N.M., Sun,N.L., Laviolette,S.R. Chronic nicotine exposure switches the functional role of mesolimbic dopamine transmission in the processing of nicotine's rewarding and aversive effects. Neuropharmacology 2009; 56(-4-):741-751. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Rat; 2002; 7-14 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; dependence; animal info (male, SD, 300-350g).

P9601 Trigo,J.M., Zimmer,A., Maldonado,R. Nicotine anxiogenic and rewarding effects are decreased in mice lacking beta-endorphin. Neuropharmacology 2009; 56(-8-):1147-1153. >>> Nicotine; SC; Mice; 2001; ; Controls received mp w/saline; dependence; animal info (8-12 wks old, lacking beta endorphin).

P9363 Uchida,S., Hotta,H., Kawashima,K. Long-term nicotine treatment reduces cerebral cortical vasodilation mediated by alpha-4-beta-2-like nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rats. European Journal of Pharmacology 2009; 609(-1-3-):100-104. >>> Nicotine; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (adult, male, Wistar, 4-7 months old, 285-425 g.); dose (4.6-5.9 mg/200 ul; 12-18 mg/200 ul).

Q0710 Urrego,F., Scuri,M., Auais,A., Mohtasham,L., Piedimonte,G. Combined Effects of Chronic Nicotine and Acute Virus Exposure on Neurotrophin Expression in Rat Lung. PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY 2009; 44(-11-):1075-1084. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; NaCl; SC; Rat; 14, 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Fischer 344).

Q0643 Williams,S.K., Cox,E.T., McMurray,M.S., Fay,E.E., Jarrett,T.M., Walker,C.H., Overstreet,D.H., Johns,J.M. Simultaneous prenatal ethanol and nicotine exposure affect ethanol consumption, ethanol preference and oxytocin receptor binding in adolescent and adult rats. NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY 2009; 31(-5-):291-302. >>> Nicotine; Water, bacteriostatic; sodium bitartrate; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 28-30 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (virgin, Sprague-Dawley); teratology; wound clips used.

Q0278 Wing,V.C., Cagniard,B., Murphy,N.P., Shoaib,M. Measurement of affective state during chronic nicotine treatment and withdrawal by affective taste reactivity in mice: The role of endocannabinoids. Biochemical Pharmacology 2009; 78(-7-):825-835. >>> Nicotine; NaCl; SC; Mice; 1002; 1004; 1, 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male C57BL6J, 8 wks old); wound clips used; withdrawal.

Q0704 Xiao,C., Nashmi,R., McKinney,S., Cai,H.J., McIntosh,J.M., Lester,H.A. Chronic Nicotine Selectively Enhances alpha 4 beta 2* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Nigrostriatal Dopamine Pathway. Journal of Neuroscience 2009; 29(-40-):12428-12439. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate salt; Saline; SC; Mice; 2002; 10-14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (4-11 wks old); "This method provides consistent nicotine dosage and effectively induces cellular, molecular, and systemic changes related to tobacco use... but limits the influence of stress from repeated nicotine injection." pg 12429.

P9005 Bergstrom,H.C., McDonald,C.G., French,H.T., Smith,R.F. Continuous nicotine administration produces selective, age-dependent structural alteration of pyramidal neurons from prelimbic cortex. Synapse 2008; 62(-1-):31-39. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; sodium tartrate; Saline; SC; Rat; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ sodium tartrate; animal info (male, Long-Evans hodded, 4 wks old).

P9390 Berner,J., Ringstedt,T., Brodin,E., Hoekfelt,T., Lagercrantz,H., Wickstroem,R. Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine Affects Substance P and Preprotachykinin-A mRNA Levels in Newborn Rat. PEDIATRIC RESEARCH 2008; 64(-6-):621-624. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 17 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 622); teratology; animal info (female, Sprague Dawley, gd5); "osmotic minipumps offer a safe route of administration and, unlike injected nicotine, do not cause any overt signs of hypoxia or ischemia, such as blanching of the skin or cyanosis, nor are there any long term changes in maternal blood pressure or heart rate." (p. 622).

P9055 Besson,M., Suarez,S., Cormier,A., Changeux,J.P., Granon,S. Chronic nicotine exposure has dissociable behavioural effects on control and beta 2-/- mice. Behavior Genetics 2008; 38(-5-):503-514. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate salt; Saline, sterile; sodium hydroxide; SC; Mice (knockout); 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, 3-5 months old, beta2 -/-; "This mode of administration... guarantees stable plasma nicotine levels."; behavioral testing (exploratory, free roaming, spontaneous repetitive; social anxiety).

P9260 Bordia,T., Campos,C., Huang,L.P., Quik,M. Continuous and intermittent nicotine treatment reduces L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesias in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2008; 327(-1-):239-247. >>> Nicotine, free base; Water, sterilized; SC; Rat; 2004; 2006; 8-10 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma continine levels; comparison of PO vs. mp; long-term study pumps replaced after 4 weeks; post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 6-H DA lesion, 250 g.); neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); behavioral testing (forelimb asymmetry test, axial dystonia, orolingual movement, rotational behavior).

P9089 Doura,M.B., Gold,A.B., Keller,A.B., Perry,D.C. Adult and periadolescent rats differ in expression of nicotinic cholinergic receptor subtypes and in the response of these subtypes to chronic nicotine exposure. Brain Research 2008; 1215(-;-):40-52. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; Saline; SC; Rat; 2002; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, PN 29 or 70-90).

P9698 Eugenin,J., Otarola,M., Bravo,E., Coddou,C., Cerpa,V., Reyes-Parada,M., Llona,I., von Bernhardi,R. Prenatal to Early Postnatal Nicotine Exposure Impairs Central Chemoreception and Modifies Breathing Pattern in Mouse Neonates: A Probable Link to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 28(-51-):13907-13917. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; SC; Mice (pregnant); 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (adult, cf1); "osmotic minipumps avoid the stress of daily injections of nicotine, as documented by increased sympathetic nervous system activity in dams" pg 13908.

P9317 Even,N., Cardona,A., Soudant,M., Corringer,P.J., Changeux,J.P., Cloez-Tayarani,I. Regional differential effects of chronic nicotine on brain alpha-4-containing and alpha-6-containing receptors. NeuroReport 2008; 19(-15-):1545-1550. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate salt; Saline, sterile; NaOH; SC; Mice; 2004; 5, 15, 21 days; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, C57BL/6, wt, a6, -/-, 2-3 months old).

P8831 Franke,R.M., Park,M., Belluzzi,J.D., Leslie,F.M. Prenatal nicotine exposure changes natural and drug-induced reinforcement in adolescent male rats. European Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 27(-11-):2952-2961. >>> Nicotine ditartrate; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2002; 14-16 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 2955); teratology; animal info (female, Sprague Dawley, GD4-GD18-20).

P8948 Guillem,K., Vouillac,C., Koob,G.F., Cador,M., Stinus,L. Monoamine oxidase inhibition dramatically prolongs the duration of nicotine withdrawal-induced place aversion. Biological Psychiatry 2008; 63(-2-):158-163. >>> Nicotine tartrate; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 101-125 g.).

P8884 Gulick,D., Gould,T.J. Interactive effects of ethanol and nicotine on learning in C57BL/6J mice depend on both dose and duration of treatment. Psychopharmacology 2008; 196(-3-):483-495. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Mice; 1002; 12-14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tolerance; animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 8-12 wks old, 20-30g.).

P8860 Jain,R., Mukherjee,K., Mohan,D. Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors in attenuating nicotine withdrawal in rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2008; 88(-4-):473-480. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dependence; animal info (adult, male, Wistar, albino, 60-90 days old, 150-175g.); "Before implantation, each pump was primed for 4h in physiological saline." pg 474.

P9485 Johnson,P.M., Hollander,J.A., Kenny,P.J. Decreased brain reward function during nicotine withdrawal in C57BL6 mice: Evidence from intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) studies. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2008; 90(-3-):409-415. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; Saline, physiological; SC; Mice; 2004; 13 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; dependence; post op. care (bacitracin ointment); animal info (male, C57BL/6, 6 wks old); behavioral testing (intracranial self stimulation threshold, brain reward function).

P9312 Jonkman,S., Risbrough,V.B., Geyer,M.A., Markou,A. Spontaneous nicotine withdrawal potentiates the effects of stress in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33(-9-):2131-2138. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; Saline, physiological; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dependence; animal info (male, Wistar); behavioral testing (light-enhanced startle test).

P8883 Kota,D., Martin,B.R., Damaj,M.I. Age-dependent differences in nicotine reward and withdrawal in female mice. Psychopharmacology 2008; 198(-2-):201-210. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Mice; 2002; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (naive, female, ICR).

P9249 Laviolette,S.R., Lauzon,N.M., Bishop,S.F., Sun,N.L., Tan,H.B. Dopamine signaling through D1-like versus D2-like receptors in the nucleus accumbens core versus shell differentially modulates nicotine reward sensitivity. Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 28(-32-):8025-8033. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate salt; Saline, physiological; NaOH; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dependence; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 300-350 g.); behavioral testing (place conditioning).

P9707 Mao,C.P., Zhang,H., Xiao,D.L., Zhu,L.Y., Ding,Y., Zhang,Y.Y., Wu,L., Xu,Z.I., Zhang,L.B. Perinatal nicotine exposure alters AT1 and AT2 receptor expression pattern in the brain of fetal and offspring rats. Brain Research 2008; 1243(-;-):47-52. >>> Nicotine; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/saline; teratology; animal info (Sprague-Dawley).

P9431 McMurray,M.S., Williams,S.K., Jarrett,T.M., Cox,E.T., Fay,E.E., Overstreet,D.H., Walker,C.H., Johns,J.M. Gestational ethanol and nicotine exposure: Effects on maternal behavior, oxytocin, and offspring ethanol intake in the rat. NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY 2008; 30(-6-):475-486. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; sodium bitartrate; Water, bacteriostatic; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or sodium bitartrate; no stress (see pg. 474); teratology; toxicology; depedence; post op. care (bupivicaine, bacitracin zinc, polymicin B sulfate); animal info (female, Sprague Dawley, GD4); behavioral testing (maternal behaviors: pup retrieval, touch sniff flick, test building, self grooming, lay on pup; sweet preference; locomotor; exploratory behavior).

P9215 Merritt,L.L., Martin,B.R., Walters,C., Lichtman,A.H., Damaj,M.I. The endogenous cannabinoid system modulates nicotine reward and dependence. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2008; 326(-2-):483-492. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate salt; Saline; SC; Mice; 1007D; 2004; 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dependence; animal info (C57BL/6, wt, CB1KO, FAAH KO, male, female); behavioral testing (elevated plus maze, tail-flick test, plantar stimulator test, locomotor activity, place aversion test).

P9256 Mishra,N.C., Rir-Sima-Ah,J., Langley,R.J., Singh,S.P., Pena-Philippides,J.C., Koga,T., Razani-Boroujerdi,S., Hutt,J., Campen,M., Kim,K.C., Tesfaigzi,Y., Sopori,M.L. Nicotine primarily suppresses lung Th2 but not goblet cell and muscle cell responses to allergens. Journal of Immunology 2008; 180(-11-):7655-7663. >>> Nicotine; SC; Rat; 10-20 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; immunology; animal info (female, Brown Norway, 6-8 wks old).

P8892 Paterson,N.E., Semenova,S., Markou,A. The effects of chronic versus acute desipramine on nicotine withdrawal and nicotine self-administration in the rat. Psychopharmacology 2008; 198(-3-):351-362. >>> Desipramine; nicotine; Saline; water; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 2ML2; 2ML4; 7, 14, 28 days; pumps replaced; dependence; animal info (male, Wistar, 300-350g.); post op. care ("antibacterial preparation"); comparison of IP injections vs. SC mp; "The results of the present study indicated that chronic, but not acute, DMI treatment attenuated the anhedonic and somatic components of nicotine withdrawal and that chronic DMI treatment significantly decreased nicotineand food-maintained responding." pg. 358.

P9046 Raybuck,J.D., Portugal,G.S., Lerman,C., Gould,T.J. Varenicline Ameliorates Nicotine Withdrawal-Induced Learning Deficits in C57BL/6 Mice. Behavioral Neuroscience 2008; 122(-5-):1166-1171. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate salt; Saline; SC; Mice; 1002; 12 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (C57BL/6).

P8881 Rezvani,A.H., Tizabi,Y., Getachew,B., Hauser,S.R., Caldwell,D.P., Hunter,C., Levin,E.D. Chronic nicotine and dizocilpine effects on nicotinic and NMDA glutamatergic receptor regulation: Interactions with clozapine actions and attentional performance in rats. PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY&BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 2008; 32(-4-):1030-1040. >>> Nicotine; MK-801; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (adult, female, Sprague Dawley); MK-801 is also known as dizocilpine; schizophrenia.

P9302 Rylkova,D., Boissoneault,J., Isaac,S., Prado,M., Shah,H.P., Bruijnzeel,A.W. Effects of NPY and the specific Y1 receptor agonist [D-His26]-NPY on the deficit in brain reward function and somatic signs associated with nicotine withdrawal in rats. Neuropeptides 2008; 42(-3-):215-227. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dependence; animal info (male, Wistar, 250-300 g.); behavioral testing (brain reward threshold, somatic withdrawal signs).

P9329 Semba,J., Wakuta,M. Chronic effect of nicotine on serotonin transporter mRNA in the raphe nucleus of rats: Reversal by co-administration of bupropion. PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2008; 62(-4-):435-441. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 12 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Wistar, 210-230 g.).

P8863 Shram,M.J., Siu,E.C.K., Li,Z.X., Tyndale,R.F., Le,A.D. Interactions between age and the aversive effects of nicotine withdrawal under mecamylamine-precipitated and spontaneous conditions in male Wistar rats. Psychopharmacology 2008; 198(-2-):181-190. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dependence; animal info (adolescent, adult, Wistar).

P8937 Slotkin,T.A., Ryde,I.T., MacKillop,E.A., Bodwell,B.E., Seidler,F.J. Adolescent nicotine administration changes the responses to nicotine given subsequently in adulthood: Adenylyl cyclase cell signaling in brain regions during nicotine administration and withdrawal, and lasting effects. Brain Research Bulletin 2008; 76(-5-):522-530. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Water; SC; Rat; 1002; 17.5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma nicotine and cotinine levels; animal info (Sprague Dawley).

P9190 Somm,E., Schwitzgebel,V.M., Vauthay,D.M., Camm,E.J., Chen,C.Y., Giacobino,J.P., Sizonenko,S.V., Aubert,M.L., Hueerppi,P.S. Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Alters Early Pancreatic Islet and Adipose Tissue Development with Consequences on the Control of Body Weight and Glucose Metabolism Later in Life. Endocrinology 2008; 149(-12-):6289-6299. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 300-325 g.); pumps were primed in saline for 4 hours at 37 degrees Celsius before implantation; "...a practical method for continuous delivery to the pup while minimizing stress due to handling gestating mothers." pg. 6297.

P9271 Steiner,A.A., Oliveira,D.L., Roberts,J.L., Petersen,S.R., Romanovsky,A.A. Nicotine administration and withdrawal affect survival in systemic inflammation models. Journal of Applied Physiology 2008; 105(-4-):1028-1034. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Saline; SC; Mice; 1007D; 2002; 18 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; pumps replaced after 13 days; dependence; animal info (male, C57BL/6, 25-35 g.).

P9127 Stoker,A.K., Semenova,S., Markou,A. Affective and somatic aspects of spontaneous and precipitated nicotine withdrawal in C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ mice. Neuropharmacology 2008; 54(-8-):1223-1232. >>> Nicotine tartrate; Saline, sterile; SC; Mice; 2002; 2004; 14, 28 days; Animal info (adult, C57BL/6J, BALB/cByJ, 12-16 wks old); 7 mm stainless steel wound clips used; pumps removed day 15 and 29.

P9115 Tang,S., Machaalani,R., Waters,K.A. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and TrkB in the piglet brainstem after post-natal nicotine and intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia. Brain Research 2008; 1232(-;-):195-205. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate salt; Water, sterile; IP; Pig; 2ML2; 13 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, female, piglet, mixed breed).

P9455 Torres,O.V., Tejeda,H.A., Natividad,L.A., O'Dell,L.E. Enhanced vulnerability to the rewarding effects of nicotine during the adolescent period of development. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2008; 90(-4-):658-663. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; Saline, physiological; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Dose-response (fig. 3); comparison of SC injections vs. mp; dependence; animal info (male, Wistar, adolescent, 28 days old); behavioral testing (conditioned place preference).

P9291 Vaglenova,J., Parameshwaran,K., Suppiramaniam,V., Breese,C.R., Pandiella,N., Birru,S. Long-lasting teratogenic effects of nicotine on cognition: Gender specificity and role of AMPA receptor function. NEUROBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY 2008; 90(-3-):527-536. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Saline, physiological; water, distilled; SC; Rat; 17-19 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 530); teratology; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 3 months old, GD3, 325 g.); behavioral testing of pups (exploratory activity, novelty seeking, locomotor activity, elevated plus maze test, shuttlebox active avoidance test).

P9981 Besson,M., Granon,S., Mameli-Engvall,M., Cloez-Tayarani,I., Maubourguet,N., Cormier,A., Cazala,P., David,V., Changeux,J.P., Faure,P. Long-term effects of chronic nicotine exposure on brain nicotinic receptors. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2007; 104(-19-):8155-8160. >>> Nicotine; methyllycaconitine citrate; Saline; NaOH; SC; Mice; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (beta 2 KO, C57BL/6J, 3-5 months old); withdrawal.

P8373 Britton,A.F., Vann,R.E., Robinson,S.E. Perinatal nicotine exposure eliminates peak in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor response in adolescent rats. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2007; 320(-2-):871-876. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate, L-; Saline, physiological; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 872-3); dependence; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, gestation day 7, >70 days old).

P8251 Bruijnzeel,A.W., Zislis,G., Wilson,C., Gold,M.S. Antagonism of CRF receptors prevents the deficit in brain reward function associated with precipitated nicotine withdrawal in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32(-4-):955-963. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; Saline, sterile; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2ML4; 14, 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dependence; animal info (male, Wistar, 250-300g.).

P8671 George,O., Ghozland,S., Azar,M.R., Cottone,P., Zorrilla,E.P., Parsons,L.H., O'Dell,L.E., Richardson,H.N., Koob,G.F. CRF-CRF1 system activation mediates withdrawal-induced increases in nicotine self-administration in nicotine-dependent rats. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2007; 104(-43-):17198-17203. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dependence; animal info (adult, male, Wistar, 280-330g).

P8256 Hussein,J., Farkas,S., MacKinnon,Y., Ariano,R.E., Sitar,D.S., Hasan,S.U. Nicotine dose-concentration relationship and pregnancy outcomes in rat: Biologic plausibility and implications for future research. TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY 2007; 218(-1-):1-10. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 17-22 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (fig. 3); no stress (see pg. 5); half-life (pg. 8) shorter in males; teratology; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, gestation day 2, 350g.).

P8048 Liechti,M.E., Markou,A. Interactive effects of the mGlu5 receptor antagonist MPEP and the mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist LY341495 on nicotine self-administration and reward deficits associated with nicotine withdrawal in rats. European Journal of Pharmacology 2007; 554(-2-3-):164-174. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dependence; animal info (male, Wistar, 300-350 grams).

P8920 Lough,C., Young,T., Parker,R., Wittenauer,S., Vincler,M. Increased spinal dynorphin contributes to chronic nicotine-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in the rat. Neuroscience Letters 2007; 422(-1-):54-58. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; SC; Rat; 2001; 2ML4; 14-21 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (fig. 1, pg 56); pumps replaced; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200-250 g.); "pumps were stabilized in 0.9% physiological saline for 24h at 37 degree C prior to implantation"; pain.

P8547 McDonald,C.G., Eppolito,A.K., Brielmaier,J.M., Smith,L.N., Bergstrom,H.C., Lawhead,M.R., Smith,R.F. Evidence for elevated nicotine-induced structural plasticity in nucleus accumbens of adolescent rats. Brain Research 2007; 1151(--):211-218. >>> Nicotine, bitartrate; sodium titartrate; Saline; SC; Rat; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ sodium titartrate; animal info (male, Long-Evans hooded, 29 days old, 11 weeks old).

P8707 Nashmi,R., Xiao,C., Deshpande,P., McKinney,S., Grady,S.R., Whiteaker,P., Huang,Q., Clure-Begley,T., Lindstrom,J.M., Labarca,C., Collins,A.C., Marks,M.J., Lester,H.A. Chronic nicotine cell specifically upregulates functional alpha4* nicotinic receptors: Basis for both tolerance in midbrain and enhanced long-term potentiation in perforant path. Journal of Neuroscience 2007; 27(-31-):8202-8218. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; SC; Mice; 2002; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; tolerance; animal info (Hom alpha4YFP, 2-3 months old).

P8955 Nuutinen,S., Barik,J., Jones,I.W., Wonnacott,S. Differential effects of acute and chronic nicotine on Elk-I in rat hippocampus. NeuroReport 2007; 18(-2-):121-126. >>> Nicotine; Rat; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250-350 g.).

P8415 O'Dell,L.E., Torres,O.V., Natividad,L.A., Tejeda,H.A. Adolescent nicotine exposure produces less affective measures of withdrawal relative to adult nicotine exposure in male rats. NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY 2007; 29(-1-):17-22. >>> Nicotine base; Saline; SC; Rat; 2001; 2ML2; 14, 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced after 7 days; dependence; animal info (male, Wistar; 21, 27-42, 60-75 days old).

P8360 Polesskaya,O.O., Fryxell,K.J., Merchant,A.D., Locklear,L.L., Ker,K.F., McDonald,C.G., Eppolito,A.K., Smith,L.N., Wheeler,T.L., Smith,R.F. Nicotine causes age-dependent changes in gene expression in the adolescent female rat brain. NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY 2007; 29(-1-):126-140. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Saline; SC; Rat; 1002; 2004; 33 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced after 14 days; animal info (Long-Evans, 22 days old, male, female).

P8695 Portugal,G.S., Gould,T.J. Bupropion dose-dependently reverses nicotine withdrawal deficits in contextual fear conditioning. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2007; 88(-2-):179-187. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Mice; 1002; 12 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (C57BL/6, 8-12 wks).

P8664 Salas,R., Main,A., Gangitano,D., De Biasi,M. Decreased withdrawal symptoms but normal tolerance to nicotine in mice null for the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit. Neuropharmacology 2007; 53(-7-):863-869. >>> Nicotine tartrate; Saline; SC; Mice; 1002; 13 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tolerance; animal info (male, female, C57BL/6, 2-5 months).

P8483 Say,M., Machaalani,R., Waters,K.A. Changes in serotoninergic receptors 1A and 2A in the piglet brainstem after intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia (IHH) and nicotine. Brain Res. 2007/6/4; 1152(--):17-26. >>> Nicotine; Water, sterile; IP; Pig (neonate); 2ML2; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; SIDS; animal info (mini-piglet; 0-2 days old).

P8725 Semenova,S., Stolerman,I.P., Markou,A. Chronic nicotine administration improves attention while nicotine withdrawal induces performance deficits in the 5-choice serial reaction time task in rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2007; 87(-3-):360-368. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p. 364); comparison of SC injections vs. mp; animal info (male, Wistar, 200-250g).

P8484 Slotkin,T.A., Ryde,I.T., Tate,C.A., Seidler,F.J. Lasting effects of nicotine treatment and withdrawal on serotonergic systems and cell signaling in rat brain regions: separate or sequential exposure during fetal development and adulthood. Brain Res.Bull. 2007/7/12; 73(-4-6-):259-272. >>> Nicotine; Water; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML2; 17.5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle.

P8448 Slotkin,T.A., Seidler,F.J. A unique role for striatal serotonergic systems in the withdrawal from adolescent nicotine administration. NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY 2007; 29(-1-):10-16. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; sodium bitartrate; Water, bacteriostatic; SC; Rat; 1007D; 1002; 2ML2; 7,17 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle and sodium bitartrate; comparison of sc injections vs. mp; no stress (see pg. 13-14); dependence; animal info (Sprague-Dawley, 30 days old, male, 90 days old).

P8485 Slotkin,T.A., Ryde,I.T., Seidler,F.J. Separate or sequential exposure to nicotine prenatally and in adulthood: Persistent effects on acetylcholine systems in rat brain regions. Brain Research Bulletin 2007; 74(-1-3-):91-103. >>> Nicotine; Water; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML2; 17.5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; plasma levels taken; animal info (3 months old, Sprague-Dawley).

P8648 Wing,V.C., Shoaib,M. Examining the clinical efficacy of bupropion and nortriptyline as smoking cessation agents in a rodent model of nicotine withdrawal. Psychopharmacology 2007; 195(-3-):303-313. >>> Nicotine; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received teflon blanks; animal info (male, hooded Lister, 250g).

P8501 Xiao,D.L., Huang,X.H., Lawrence,J., Yang,S.M., Zhang,L.B. Fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure differentially regulates vascular contractility in adult male and female offspring. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2007; 320(-2-):654-661. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle.