References on the Administration of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

1. Acetylsalicylic Acid

Q0421 Rivat,C., Becker,C., Blugeot,A., Zeau,B., Mauborgne,A., Pohl,M., Benoliel,J.J. Chronic stress induces transient spinal neuroinflammation, triggering sensory hypersensitivity and long-lasting anxiety-induced hyperalgesia. Pain 2010; 150(-2-):358-368. >>> CI-988; chlordiazepoxide; aspirin; DMSO; saline; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2ML1; 2001; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Male, Sprague-Dawley, 300-325 g, 8 wks old; ALZET intrathecal catheter used (0007740); behavioral testing (elevated plus-maze).

P8555 Adamek,A., Hu,K., Bayer,B., Wagner,H., Ertl,G., Bauersachs,J., Frantz,S. High dose aspirin and left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Basic Research In Cardiology 2007; 102(-4-):334-340. >>> Acetylsalicylic acid, lysine; Saline; SC; Mice; 2002; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ placebo; functionality of mp verified by serum salicylate concentrations; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; cardiovascular; ischemia (cardiac); animal info (female, C57BL/6, 8-12 weeks old, 20-25 grams); MI induced by coronary artery ligation.

P4829 Yuan,M, Konstantopoulos,N, Lee,J, Hansen,L, Li,Z.-W, Karin,M, Shoelson,S.E. Reversal of obesity- and diet-induced insulin resistance with salicylates or targeted disruption of Ikkb. Science 2001; 293(--):1673-1677. >>> Acetylsalicylic acid; salicylate, sodium; SC; Rat; mice; 2002; 2ML2; 3-4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; 2ML2 used in rats, 2002 used in mice; acetylsalicylic acid also called aspirin: dose was 120 mg/kg/day; diabetes (type II).

P0455 Oshima,T., McCluskey,E.R., Honda,A., Needleman,P. Pharmacological manipulation of canine cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthetase in vivo: differential renal and platelet recovery rates. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1984; 229(-2-):598-602. >>> Acetylsalicylic acid; DMSO; Saline; IV (superficial cervical vein); dog; 2ML1; 3 days; pumps primed for 4 hrs. before implant; used prefilled catheter in vein; greater solubility of ASA in DMSO allowed greater concentration in smaller total volume.

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2. Diclofenac

P5994 Murase,T., Tian,Y., Fang,X.Y., Verbalis,J.G. Synergistic effects of nitric oxide and prostaglandins on renal escape from vasopressin-induced antidiuresis. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2003; 284(-2-):R354-R362. >>> Vasopressin, 1-desamino-8-D arginine; L-NAME; diclofenac; ranitidine; Saline; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2001; 2002; 5 days; Vasopressin, 1-desamino-8-D arginine was infused in the 2002 pump; L-NAME was dissolved in saline and diclofenac was dissolved in 50% DMSO; both were infused from a 2001 pump.

P3383 Risto,O., Wahlstrom,O., Abdiu,A. The effect of low dose diclofenac sodium administered locally on heterotopic bone formation in rats. Int.Orthopaedics (SICOT) 1995; 19(--):392-395. >>> Diclofenac; NaCl; bone; rat; 2001;

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3. Flurbiprofen

Q0222 Campanella,C., Jamali,F. Influence of prolonged exposure of a short half life non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on gastrointestinal safety. INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 17(-4-):205-210. >>> Flurbiprofen; PEG 400; IP; Rat; 2002; 7 days; Comparison of IP injections vs. mp; stability verified in vitro test for 14 days; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, adult, 300-350 g.); "There was no significant difference between the two i.p. groups in the post-mortem plasma R or S-flurbiprofen concentration or in the percent of the dose excreted as glucoronidated flurbiprofen in urine on days 1 and 7" pg 207.

P7625 Peretto,I., Radaelli,S., Parini,C., Zandi,M., Raveglia,L.F., Dondio,G., Fontanella,L., Misiano,P., Bigogno,C., Rizzi,A., Riccardi,B., Biscaioli,M., Marchetti,S., Puccini,P., Catinella,S., Rondelli,I., Cenacchi,V., Bolzoni,P.T., Caruso,P., Villetti,G., Facchinetti,F., Del Giudice,E., Moretto,N., Imbimbo,B.P. Synthesis and biological activity of flurbiprofen analogues as selective inhibitors beta-amyloid (1-42) secretion. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2005; 48(-18-):5705-5720. >>> Flurbiprofen analogues; flurbiprofen; SC; Rat; 2001; 4-7 days; Dose-response; neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease); cassette dosing technology: 2-6 different analog compounds administered simultaneously to one animal.

P1533 Offenbacher,S., Odle,B.M., Braswell,L.D., Johnson,H.G., Hall,C.M., McClure,H., Orkin,J.L., Strobert,E.A., Green,M.D. Changes in cyclooxygenase metabolites in experimental periodontitis in macaca mulatta. J.Periodontal Res. 1989; 24(--):63-74. >>> Flurbiprofen; SC; monkey; 2ML2; 2ML4; 6, 12 months; controls received no drugs or sham pumps; multiple pumps per animal (2) (simultaneously); pumps replaced every 2 weeks or monthly; long-term study; one animal removed from study due to a 'secondary infection caused by a cage-pressure abrasion at the site of the s.c..

P1208 Offenbacher,S., Braswell,L.D., Loos,A.S., Johnson,H.G., Hall,C.M., McClure,H., Orkin,J.L., Strobert,E.A., Green,M.D., Odle,B.M. Effects of flurbiprofen on the progression of periodontitis in macaca mulatta. J.Periodontal Res. 1987; 22(-6-):473-481. >>> Flurbiprofen; Tris buffer; SC; monkey; 2ML2; 2ML4; 6 months; controls received mp w/ tris buffer; dose-response (table); 2 doses of agent infused; high dosage group received 2 pumps (2ML2); pumps replaced every 4 weeks for 2ML4, 2 weeks for 2ML2; long-term study.

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4. Ibuprofen

Q0207 Van Dam,D., Coen,K., De Deyn,P.P. Ibuprofen modifies cognitive disease progression in an Alzheimer's mouse model. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 24(-3-):383-388. >>> Ibuprofen; PEG 300; water, ultrapure; SC; Mice; 2004; 8 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study; pumps replaced after 4 weeks; animal info (6 wks old, male, APP23); neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's Disease).

P9697 Wang,X.X., Budel,S., Baughman,K., Gould,G., Song,K.H., Strittmatter,S.M. Ibuprofen Enhances Recovery from Spinal Cord Injury by Limiting Tissue Loss and Stimulating Axonal Growth. Journal of Neurotrauma 2009; 26(-1-):81-95. >>> Ibuprofen; naproxen; PBS; SC; Rat; mice; 2004; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (female, Sprague Dawley, 11-12 wks old, 250-270 g., female, C57BL/6, 8-9 wks old, 20 g.); spinal cord injury; behavioral testing (BBB locomotor scale, Basso mouse scale).

P5919 Wagner,C., Vitzthum,H., Castrop,H., Schumacher,K., Bucher,M., Albertin,S., Coffman,T.M., Arendshorst,W.J., Kurtz,A. Differential regulation of renin and Cox-2 expression in the renal cortex of C57Bl/6 mice. PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 447(-2-):214-222. >>> Bumetanide; ibuprofen; SC; Mice; 1007D; 7 days.

P1145 Orita,H., Girgis,W., diZerega,G.S. Prevention of postsurgical peritoneal adhesion formation by intraperitoneal administration of ibuprofen. Drug Dev.Res. 1987; 10(--):97-105. >>> Ibuprofen; PBS; Ringer's solution, lactated; IP; rabbit; 2002; 2ML1; 7, 14 days; controls rec'd mp w/ vehicle; mp connected to cath.; 2 exp.; varying doses of agent; ip + extraperitoneal pump placement; comparison of inject. vs. mp infusion; stress/adverse react. (fibrinous tissue).

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5. Indomethacin

P4819 Babin,M.C., Ricketts,K., Skvorak,J.P., Gazaway,M., Mitcheltree,L.W., Casillas,R.P. Systemic administration of candidate antivesicants to protect against topically applied suitor mustard in the mouse ear vesicant model (MEVM ).. Journal of Applied Toxicology 2000; 20(--):S141-S144. >>> Hydrocortisone; indomethacin; olvanil; PEG 200; SC; mice; 2 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; toxicology.

P4475 Zlatnik,M.G., Buhimschi,I, Chwalisz,K., Liao,Q.-P., Saade,G.R., Garfield,R.E. The effect of indomethacin and prostacyclin agonists on blood pressure in a rat model of preeclampsia.. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1999/5; 180(-5-):1191-1195. >>> Iloprost; Cicaprost; L-NAME; Indomethacin; Saline;; SC;; rat (pregnant);; 2ML2;; 2 weeks;; controls received mp w/vehicle; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; cardiovascular; L-NAME is a synthase inhibitor;.

P4207 Shimoda,K., Nomura,M., Kato,M. Effect of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory drugs, and histamine antagonists on Sparfloxacin-induced phototoxicity in mice. Fundam.Appl.Toxicol. 1996; 31(--):133-140. >>> Catalase; Dimethyl sulfoxide; Dexamethasone; Indomethacin; Pyrilamine maleate; AA-861; Cimetidine; Phenidone; Ethanol; Saline; SC; mice; 1007D; 72 hours; all agents infused concomitantly in the same pump; preliminary study conducted to test solubility and toxicity for 5 days; enzyme inhibitors; toxicology.

P3986 Henke,P.K., Bergamini,T.M., Watson,A.L., Brittian,K.R., Powell,D.W., Peyton,J.C. Bacterial products primarily mediate fibroblast inhibition in biomaterial infection. J.Surg.Res. 1998; 74(--):17-22. >>> Antibody, anti-interferon gamma; Antibody, indomethacin; Antibody, anti-TNFa; Antibody, interleukin 1 alpha; PBS, sterile; ETOH; Indomethacin; SC; mice; 1007D; 7 days; immunology; pump implanted next to Dacron graft; peptides.

P3918 Henke,P.K., Bergamini,T.M., Brittian,K.R., Polk Jr,H.C. Prostaglandin E2 modulates monocyte MHC-II (Ia) suppression in biomaterial infection. J.Surg.Res. 1997; 69(--):372-378. >>> Indomethacin; Antibody, anti-IL-1a; Antibody, anti-TNFa; PBS; ETOH; SC; Mice; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; immunology.

P3614 Fernandez,M., Garcia-Pagan,J.C., Casadevall,M., Mourelle,M.I., Pique,J.M., Bosch,J., Rodes,J. Acute and chronic cyclooxygenase blockade in portal-hypertensive rats: influence on nitric oxide biosynthesis. Gastroenterol. 1996; 110(--):1529-1535. >>> Indomethacin; Sodium carbonate; SC; rat; 2ML2; 7 days; sonication used to suspend indomethacin.

P2852 Sakamoto,T., Soriano,D., Nassaralla,J., Murphy,T.L., Oganesian,A., Spec,C., Hinton,D.R., Ryan,S.J. Effect of intravitreal administration of indomethacin on experimental subretinal neovascularization in the subhuman primate. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995; 113(--):222-226. >>> Indomethacin; GBR buffer; Cyclodextrin, B-; Eye (vitreous); monkey; 2ML2; 14 days; control eyes received mp with vehicles; enzyme inhibitor; indomethacin is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor; detailed description of vitreal cannula implantation; empty pump implanted at time of cannula implantation to allow 1-month recovery period; beta-cyclodextrin used as a carrier molecule; some monkeys served both as control and drug treatment group (different treatment in each eye); a vitreous opacity appeared in some eyes during infusion but disappeared after the pump was disconnected.

P1204 Schlegel,W., Doren,M., Cirkel,U., Schneider,H.P.G. Effect of continuous intrauterine administration of prostaglandin F2alpha and indomethacin on fertilization of rabbits. Horm.Metab.Res. 1986; 18(--):457-461. >>> Indomethacin; Prostaglandin F2a; HCl; Sodium hydroxide; Saline; intrauterine; rabbit; 2002; 11 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; separate and simultaneous infusion of agents; comparison of agents effects; NaOH, HCl and saline were used in combination as the vehicle for indomethacin; many different exp.; tissue perfusion (cornua of uterus).

P1031 Doktorcik,P.E., Kennedy,T.G. 6-Keto-prostaglandin E1 and the decidual cell reaction in rats. Prostaglandins 1986; 32(-5-):679-689. >>> Indomethacin; Prostaglandin E1; Prostaglandin E2; Ethanol; Gelatin; PBS; intrauterine; rat; 2001; 5 days; mp w/vehicle; dose-response; indomethacin infused with prostaglandin E1 in one group and with prostaglandin E2 in another group; tissue perfusion (uterus).

P0794 Kennedy,T.G. Intrauterine infusion of prostaglandins and decidualization in rats with uteri differentially sensitized for the decidual cell reaction. Biol.Reprod. 1986; 34(-2-):327-335. >>> Indomethacin; Prostaglandin E2; Prostaglandin F2a; Ethanol; Gelatin; PBS; intrauterine; rat; 2001; 5 days; replacement therapy (ovariectomy); controls received mp w/ vehicle; estradiol and progesterone injected sc w/ mp PG infusion; vehicle contained indomethacin to reduce PG synthesis; tissue perfusion (uterus).

P0739 Kennedy,T.G. Evidence for the involvement of prostaglandins throughout the decidual cell reaction in the rat. Biol.Reprod. 1985; 33(--):140-146. >>> Indomethacin; Prostaglandin E2; Prostaglandin F2a; Ethanol; PBS; intrauterine; rat; 2001; 5 days; replacement therapy (ovariectomy); pumps primed overnight in saline; sc adminis. of agents in comb. w/mp infusion; separate and simultaneous infusion of agents; tissue perfusion (uterus).

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6. Ketorolac

P8822 Scarlett,J.M., Jobst,E.E., Enriori,P.J., Bowe,D.D., Batra,A.K., Grant,W.F., Cowley,M.A., Marks,D.L. Regulation of central melanocortin signaling by interleukin-1beta. Endocrinology 2007; 148(-9-):4217-4225. >>> Ketorolac; Saline, sterile; SC; Mice; 1007D; 2 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 4-5 wks old).

P5091 Southall,M.D., Bolyard,L.A., Vasko,M.R. Twenty-four hour exposure to prostaglandin downregulates prostanoid receptor binding but does not alter PGE(2)-mediated sensitization of rat sensory neurons. Pain 2002; 96(--):285-296. >>> Ketorolac tromethamine; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 2001; 48 hours; controls received mp w/ vehicle; ketorolac is an NSAID sold as Toradol; cannula patency verfied by saline injection.

P4204 Shufflebarger,J.V., Doyle,J., Roth,T., Maguire,K., Rothkopf,D.M. The effect of ketorolac on microvascular thrombosis in an experimental rabbit model. Plast.Reconstr.Surg. 1996; 98(--):140-145. >>> Ketorolac; IV (jugular); rabbit; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received mp w/saline; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; comparison of i.m. injections vs. mp; ketorolac also called Toradol; NSAID.

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7. Lonazolac

S0361 Khalil,H., Vancaillie,T., Schlegel,W. The use of lonazolac (LON) and indomethacin (IND) and its influence on ovum transport (OT) in the rabbit. 7th International Congress of Endocrinology Abstracts, July 1-7, Quebec City, Canada, Excerpta Medica, Princeton 1984; (--):505-. >>> Lonazolac; Indomethacin; intrauterine; rabbit; 2ML1; no duration posted; comparison of single vaginal drug application vs. mp infusion; comparison of agents effects; tissue perfusion (uterus).

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8. Meclofenamate, Sodium

P1305 Sargent,E.L., Baughman,W.L., Novy,M.J., Stouffer,R.L. Intraluteal infusion of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, sodium meclofenamate, causes premature luteolysis in rhesus monkeys. Endocrinology 1988; 123(-5-):2261-2269. >>> Meclofenamate, sodium; Saline; Water; intraovarian (corpus luteum); IV (jugular); monkey; 2ML1; 7 days; stress/adverse reaction (cortisol and progesterone levels); tissue perfusion.

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9. Naproxen, Sodium

P1504 Chan,W.Y., Berezin,I., Daniel,E.E. Effects of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on uterine oxytocin receptor concentration and myometrial gap junction density in parturient rats. Biol.Reprod. 1988; 39(--):1117-1128. >>> Naproxen, sodium; Saline; SC; rat (pregnant); 2001; 3 days; no comment posted.

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10. Superoxide Dismutase-PEG

P3263 Karran,E.H., Dodgson,K., Harris,S.J., Markwell,R.E., Harper,G.P. A simple in vivo model of collagen degradation using collagen-gelled cotton buds: the effects of collagenase inhibitors and other agents. Inflamm.Res. 1995; 44(--):36-46. >>> Collagenase inhibitor A; Collagenase inhibitor B; Collagenase inhibitor C; tempol; Superoxide dismutase-PEG; Cytochalasin B; Pepstatin; APMSF; TLCK; SBTI; Leupeptin; E-64; Methylamine; SC; Rat; 2001; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; no stress (see pg. 39); immunology; pumps connected with catheter tubing to 14C-collagen-gelled cotton buds.

P3114 Truelove,D., Shuaib,A., Ijaz,S., Ishaqzay,R., Kalra,J. Neuronal protection with superoxide dismutase in repetitive forebrain ischemia in gerbils. Free Rad.Biol.Med. 1994; 17(-5-):445-450. >>> Superoxide dismutase-PEG; Saline; CSF/CNS; gerbil; 1007D; 6 days; controls received mp with vehicle; ischemia (cerebral).

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11. Superoxide Dismutase Or Tempol

P9880 Wu,K.L.H., Hsu,C., Chan,J.Y.H. Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Anion Differentially Activate Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 and Bax to Induce Nuclear Translocation of Apoptosis-Inducing Factor and Mitochondrial Release of Cytochrome c after Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of Neurotrauma 2009; 26(-7-):965-977. >>> Methylisothiourea, S-; PTIO, carboxy-; Coenzyme Q10; tempol; FeTMPyP; furosemide; PJ-34; CSF, artificial; sesame oil; CSF/CNS (spinal cord); Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; multiple pumps per animal (2); post op. care (procraine penicillin); adult, male, specific pathogen free, 200-250 g.); spinal cord injury; PE-10 catheter used; PTIO is a NO trapping agent; enzyme inhibitor PJ-34 is poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase PARP inhibitor.

P9759 Ge,N.N., Brodie,H.A., Tinling,S.P. Long-Term Hearing Loss in Gerbils With Bacterial Meningitis Treated With Superoxide Dismutase. OTOLOGY&NEUROTOLOGY 2008; 29(-8-):1061-1067. >>> Superoxide dismutase; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Gerbil; 1002; 14 days; Controls received IM injections of SOD; half-life (p.1065) 40 hours; animal info (8 wks old, male, Mongolian); dental cement used to hold tubing in place; silastic tubing used; image of surgical placement of pumps fig.2., fig. 4.

P9640 Kang,Y.M., Ma,Y., Zheng,J.P., Elks,C., Sriramula,S., Yang,Z.M., Francis,J. Brain nuclear factor-kappa B activation contributes to neurohumoral excitation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Cardiovascular Research 2009; 82(-3-):503-512. >>> Angiotensin II; losartan; pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate; tempol; Saline; CSF, artificial; IV (femoral); CSF/CNS; Rat; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/vehicle; peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (adult, male, Sprague-Dawley, 275-300g); bilateral cannula used for multiple drug infusions.

P9252 Qin,Z.Y., Gongora,M.C., Ozumi,K., Itoh,S., Akram,K., Ushio-Fukai,M., Harrison,D.G., Fukai,T. Role of Menkes ATPase in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension A Key Modulator for Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Function. Hypertension 2008; 52(-5-):945-U556. >>> Angiotensin II; norepinephrine; tempol; Saline; SC; Mice; 2002; 14 days; Controls received sham surgery with no mp or empty mp; functionality of mp verified by blood pressure; cardiovascular; peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (female, C57BL/6EJ blotchy MNK mut, 8-12 wks old).

P9217 Silva,G.B., Garvin,J.L. Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension Increases Na Transport-Related Oxygen Consumption by the Thick Ascending Limb. Hypertension 2008; 52(-6-):1091-1098. >>> Angiotensin II; dye, coomassie blue R250; G86976; tempol; SC; kidney (outer medulla); Rat; 1007D; 4, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (kidney); functionality of mp verified by residual volume and dye infusion; enzyme inhibitor (PKC a/b); cardiovascular; antihypertensive; peptide; cyanoacrylate adhesive; animal info (Sprague Dawley, 7 wks old, 200-250 g.); catheter fenestrated in one side 10 mm from the tip.

P9146 Zhang,Z.H., Yu,Y., Kang,Y.M., Wei,S.G., Felder,R.B. Aldosterone acts centrally to increase brain renin-angiotensin system activity and oxidative stress in normal rats. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2008; 294(-2-):H1067-H1074. >>> Aldosterone; RU-28318; Tempol; losartan; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250-300 g.); silastic tubing used; dental cement used.

P9076 Liu,D.M., Gao,L., Roy,S.K., Cornish,K.G., Zucker,I.H. Role of oxidant stress on AT1 receptor expression in neurons of rabbits with heart failure and in cultured neurons. Circulation Research 2008; 103(-2-):186-193. >>> Tempol; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rabbit; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (New Zealand, White, 3.5-4.3 kg.); 19 gauge cannula used.

P9074 Xue,B.J., Zhao,Y.Z., Johnson,A.K., Hay,M. Central estrogen inhibition of angiotensin II-induced hypertension in male mice and the role of reactive oxygen species. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2008; 295(-3-):H1025-H1032. >>> Tempol; estradiol, 17B-; ICI-182780; SC; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1002; 7, 14 days; ALZET brain infusion kit used; peptides; animal info (male, C57BL/6, 12-16 wks old); location of cannula was verified histologically post mortem.

P9053 Kang,Y.M., Ma,Y., Elks,C., Zheng,J.P., Yang,Z.M., Francis,J. Cross-talk between cytokines and renin-angiotensin in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in heart failure: role of nuclear factor-kappa B. Cardiovascular Research 2008; 79(-4-):671-678. >>> Losartan; SN50; tempol; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250-275 g.); pumps were primed in 0.9% saline for 24 hours; SN50 is a synthetic protein.

P7696 Wu,D.C., Teismann,P., Tieu,K., Vila,M., Jackson-Lewis,V., Ischiropoulos,H., Przedborski,S. NADPH oxidase mediates oxidative stress in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of Parkinson's disease. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A 2003/5/13; 100(-10-):6145-6150. >>> Tempol; CSF/CNS (striatum); Mice; 7 days; Neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease).

P7413 Welch,W.J., Mendonca,M., Blau,J., Karber,A., Dennehy,K., Patel,K., Lao,Y.S., Jose,P.A., Wilcox,C.S. Antihypertensive response to prolonged tempol in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Kidney International 2005; 68(-1-):179-187. >>> Tempol; NaCl; SC; Rat; 2002; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; animal info (male, wistar-kyoto, 210-300 g).

P7123 Kimura,Y., Hirooka,Y., Sagara,Y., Ito,K., Kishi,T., Shimokawa,H., Takeshita,A., Sunagawa,K. Overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rostral ventrolateral medulla causes hypertension and sympathoexcitation via an increase in oxidative stress. Circulation Research 2005; 96(-2-):252-260. >>> Tempol; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (cisterna); Rat; 1002; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of CSF/CNS microinjections vs. mp; cardiovascular.

P7099 Benn,S.C., Ay,I., Bastia,E., Chian,R.J., Celia,S.A., Pepinsky,R.B., Fishman,P.S., Brown,RH Jr, Francis,J.W. Tetanus toxin fragment C fusion facilitates protein delivery to CNS neurons from cerebrospinal fluid in mice. Journal of Neurochemistry 2005; 95(-4-):1118-1131. >>> Toxin, tetanus fragment C; tempol, toxin tetanus fragment C; CSF/CNS; Mice; 2001; 7 days; Stability verified by incubation at 37C for 7 days; brain tissue distribution; post op. care (bupivicaine and betadine in wound); animal info (C57BL/6, male, 25-30 g); dental cement used for cannula adhesion, agent also know as TTC; compounds were also distributed to further brain sites such as the hypothalamus and the thalamus.

P7013 Welch,W.J., Blau,J., Xie,H., Chabrashvili,T., Wilcox,C.S. Angiotensin-induced defects in renal oxygenation: role of oxidative stress. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2005; 288(-1-):H22-H28. >>> Angiotensin II; tempol; Sodium chloride; SC; Rat; 2002; 12-13 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (pg. H23); cardiovascular; antihypertensive; peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2).

P6143 Kawada,N., Imai,E., Karber,A., Welch,W.J., Wilcox,C.S. A mouse model of angiotensin II slow pressor response: Role of oxidati ve stress. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2002; 13(-12-):2860-2868. >>> Angiotensin II; tempol; Saline; SC; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Blood pressure taken; dose-response (p. 2862); cardiovascular; peptides.

P6059 Sedeek,M.H., Llinas,M.T., Drummond,H., Fortepiani,L., Abram,S.R., Alexander,B.T., Reckelhoff,J.F., Granger,J.P. Role of reactive oxygen species in endothelin-induced hypertension. Hypertension 2003; 42(-4-):806-810. >>> Endothelin-1; tempol; IV (jugular); Rat; 2002; 9 days; Peptides.

P5848 Gariboldi,M.B., Ravizza,R., Petterino,C., Castagnaro,M., Finocchiaro,G., Monti,E. Study of in vitro and in vivo effects of the piperidine nitroxide Tempol - a potential new therapeutic agent for gliomas. European Journal of Cancer 2003; 39(-6-):829-837. >>> Tempol; Saline, sterile; SC; Mice (nude); 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; adverse reaction: (see pg. 835) precipitation in pump; cancer (glioma); antioxidant; tempol (TPL) or (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy) or superoxide dismutase, mimetic is a stable nitroxide free radical; "375 mg/ml concentration was highest achievable TPL concentration, when this limit was exceeded, TPL precipitation occurred, impairing drug flow from the pump...".

P5654 Welch,W.J., Mendonca,M., Aslam,S., Wilcox,C.S. Roles of oxidative stress and AT(1) receptors in renal hemodynamics and oxygenation in the postclipped 2K,1C kidney. Hypertension 2003; 41(-3-):692-696. >>> Tempol; Rat; 2 weeks; Antihypertensive; also refered as superoxide dismutase, mimetic.

P3115 Truelove,D., Shuaib,A., Ijaz,S., Richardson,S., Kalra,J. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and U78517F attenuate neuronal damage in gerbils with repeated brief ischemic insults. Neurochem.Res. 1994; 19(-6-):665-671. >>> Tempol; catalase; CSF/CNS; Gerbil; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp with saline; agents given separately and together; ischemia (cerebral).

P2520 Macdonald,R.L., Weir,B.K.A., Runzer,T.D., Grace,M.G.A., Poznansky,M.J. Effect of intrathecal superoxide dismutase and catalase on oxyhemoglobin-induced vasospasm in monkeys. Neurosurgery 1992; 30(-4-):529-539. >>> Catalase; tempol; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); monkey; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received inactivated SOD and BSA; functionality of mp verified by measuring enzyme levels in CSF during infusion and testing agent released from pump in vitro for 7 days; stability verified by measuring activity of enzymes released from pumps in vitro over 7 days; daily CSF sampling performed using a subcutaneous Ommaya reservoir; authors report no cases of catheter blockage or dislodgement.

P2438 Suzuki,S., Kanashiro,M., Hayashi,R., Amemiya,H. Rescue therapy for acute rejection using 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG) in combination with superoxide dismutase (SOD) on cardiac allografts in rats. Transplant.Int. 1992; 5(-Sup.1-):S547-S551. >>> Sodium oxide dismutase, recomb. human (tempol); Saline; IV (vena cava); rat; 2001; 8 days; dose-response (graph p. S550).

P1931 Hattori,T., Ito,M., Suzuki,Y. Changes in intra-renal scavenging enzymes activities of the reactive oxygen species in experimental glomerulo-nephritis and nephrosis in rats. Nippon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 1991; 33(-2-):191-199. >>> Glutathione peroxidase; Catalase; tempol; rat; no duration posted; Japanese with English abstract.

P1741 Mossman,B.T., Marsh,J.P., Sesko,A., Hill,S., Shatos,M.A., Doherty,J., Petruska,J., Adler,K.B., Hemenway,D., Mickey,R., Vacek,P., Kagan,E. Inhibition of lung injury, inflammation, and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis by polyethylene glycol-conjugated catalase in a rapid inhalation model of asbestosis. Am.Rev.Respir.Dis. 1990; 141(--):1266-1271. >>> Catalase; tempol; PBS; SC; rat; 2ML4; 10, 20 days; functionality of mp verified by serum catalase; PEG-conjugated enzymes; antioxidants; stability of enzymes questioned beyond 20 days.

P1476 Teixeira,A.A., Azevedo,I., Branco,D., Rodrigues-Pereira,E., Osswald,W. Sympathetic denervation caused by long-term noradrenaline infusions; prevention by desipramine and superoxide dismutase. Br.J.Pharmacol. 1989; 97(--):95-102. >>> Desipramine HCl; Norepinephrine; tempol; EDTA; Heparin; Saline; IV (saphenous); dog; 2ML1; 5 days; dose-response; implanted sc above the knee; functionality of mp verified by visual inspection of sectioned pump and by serum levels; tissue perfusion; animal info (m, 9-15 kg); 5000 Units of heparin.

P0153 Gold,G., Manning,M., Heldt,A., Nowlain,R., Pettit,J.R., Grodsky,G.M. Diabetes induced with multiple subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin: lack of protection by exogenous superoxide dismutase. Diabetes 1981; 30(--):634-638. >>> Tempol; Saline; SC; mice; 7 days; comparison of iv injection vs. infusion.

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12. Tolmetin Sodium

P2007 Rodgers,K.E., Girgis,W., diZerega,G.S. Effect of tolmetin sodium dihydrate on adhesion formation by intraperitoneal administration of antineoplastic agents. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol. 1992; 29(--):248-251. >>> Doxorubicin HCl; Mitoxantrone; Tolmetin sodium; Bleomycin; Cisplatin; Methotrexate; PBS; IP; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Antibiotic; cancer; no stress (see p249).

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13. Zomepirac, Sodium

S0199 Cowan,A., Tortella,F.C., Gmerek,D.E. EEG and behavioral studies with zomepirac sodium in rats. Pain 1981; 11(-1-):194-. >>> Zomepirac, sodium; Water; CSF/CNS; SC; rat; 2001; no duration posted; 7 days icv, 3 days sc.

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