Recent References on the Study of Obesity, Appetite & Satiety
Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

1. Agouti-related Protein

P9223 Sutton,G.M., Perez-Tilve,D., Nogueiras,R., Fang,J.D., Kim,J.K., Cone,R.D., Gimble,J.M., Tschoep,M.H., Butler,A.A. The Melanocortin-3 Receptor Is Required for Entrainment to Meal Intake. Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 28(-48-):12946-12955. >>> Agouti-related peptide (82-131); CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit used; dental cement and stay screws used; peptides; post op. care (Buprenorphine); animal info (male, B6, 8 wks old).

P9007 Hillebrand,J.J.G., Kas,M.J.H., Scheurink,A.J.W., van Dijk,G., Adan,R.A.H. AgRP(83-132) and SHU9119 differently affect activity-based anorexia. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 16(-6-):403-412. >>> SHU 9119; agouti-related protein (83-132), human; Saline, sterile, isotonic; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1007D; 4, 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit 2 used; peptides; post op. care (Buprenorphine, temagesic); animal info (female, Wistar wu); melanocortin antagonist.

P8331 Joppa,M.A., Gogas,K.R., Foster,A.C., Markison,S. Central infusion of the melanocortin receptor antagonist agouti-related peptide (AgRP(83-132)) prevents cachexia-related symptoms induced by radiation and colon-26 tumors in mice. Peptides 2007; 28(-3-):636-642. >>> Agouti-related peptide (83-132); Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1003D; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cancer (colon adenocarcinoma); peptides; animal info (male, BALB/C, 6 weeks old, 22 grams); Research Diets D12689B.

P5827 Kas,M.J.H., van Dijk,G., Scheurink,A.J.W., Adan,R.A.H. Agouti-related protein prevents self-starvation. Molecular Psychiatry 2003; 8(-2-):235-240. >>> Agouti-related protein; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1007D; 4-5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit used; peptides; catheter tubing filled w/ saline to allow 2-3 day delayed infusion; Agouti-related protein is a suppressor of melanocortin receptor activity.

P5583 Fekete,C., Sarkar,S., Rand,W.M., Harney,J.W., Emerson,C.H., Bianco,A.C., Lechan,R.M. Agouti-related protein (AGRP) has a central inhibitory action on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis; Comparisons between the effect of AGRP and neuropeptide Y on energy homeostasis and the HPT axis. Endocrinology 2002; 143(-10-):3846-3853. >>> Neuropeptide Y; Agouti-related protein; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; rat; 1003D; 3 days; peptides; cannula was implanted then occluded with a dummy cannula for one week prior to infusion to allow for recovery; AGRP is an appetite stimulant.

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2. CART (55-102)

P7017 Choi,Y.H., la-Fera,M.A., Li,C.L., Hartzell,D.L., Little,D.E., Kuhar,M.J., Balle,C.A. CART peptide: central mediator of leptin-induced adipose tissue apoptosis?. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 2004; 121(-1-3-):155-162. >>> CART (55-102); leptin, recomb. rat; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1007D; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response; peptides; mp primed overnight; catheter connecting mp to cannula filled with 12 ul aCSF to give 24 hours lag time before agent delivery.

P5040 Rohner-Jeanrenaud,F., Craft,L.S., Bridwell,J., Suter,T.M., Tinsley,F.C., Smiley,D.L., Burkhart,D.R., Statnick,M.A., Heiman,M.L., Ravussin,E., Caro,J.F. Chronic central infusion of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART 55-102): effects on body weight homeostasis in lean and high -fat-fed obese rats. International Journal of Obesity 2002; 26(--):143-149. >>> CART (55-102); Saline; ascorbic acid;; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 6 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; in vitro stability verified by HPLC: 72% of agent was stable after 7 days (p. 145); peptides; ALZET Brain Infusion Kit used; CART is Cocaine-and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript; pumps primed for at least 20 hours (p. 144).

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3. Corticotropin-Releasing Factor

P9144 Teitelbaum,A.A., Gareau,M.G., Jury,J., Yang,P.C., Perdue,M.H. Chronic peripheral administration of corticotropin-releasing factor causes colonic barrier dysfunction similar to psychological stress. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2008; 295(-3-):G452-G459. >>> Corticotropin-rel factor; Stressin1; sauvagine, anti-; urocortin III; Saline; SC; Rat; 2002; 12 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (mast cell-deficient, +/+, 10 wks old, 200-250 g.); "The use of the minipump avoids daily interactions with the animals, possibly causing less variability in the results." pg G458; stressin1 is a selective CFR-R1 agonist; urocortin III is a CFR-R2 agonist; antisauvagine is a CRF-R2 antagonist.

P7604 Bernier,N.J., Craig,P.M. CRF-related peptides contribute to stress response and regulation of appetite in hypoxic rainbow trout. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2005; 289(-4-):R982-R990. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor, a helical (9-41); Saline, physiological; NaOH; CSF/CNS; Fish (rainbow trout); 1003D; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. R984); peptides; animal info (male, female, hypoxia); CRF receptor antagonist; x-ray radiography; mp encased in a layer of dialysis tubing; cannula placement confirm; mp at 14C.

P6607 Kagamiishi,Y., Yamamoto,T., Watanabe,S. Detrimental role of corticotropin-releasing factor on the decrease of CA1 field potential induced by in vitro ischemia in rat hippocampal slices. JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2004; 94(-1-):39-44. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor; astressin; Saline; BSA; ascorbic acid; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit 1 used; 2 week recovery period by filling tubing and cannula with sterile saline; tubing attached to pump after recovery periord; astressin is a novel CRF antagonist; BSA and ascorbic acid was 0.1%; ischemia (cerebral).

P4268 Heinrichs,S.C., Lapsansky,J., Behan,D.P., Chan,R.K.W., Sawchenko,P.E., Lorang,M., Ling,N., Vale,W.W., De Souza,E.B. Corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein ligand inhibitor blunts excessive weight gain in genetically obese Zucker rats and rats during nicotine withdrawal. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 1996/12; 93(--):15475-15480. >>> Nicotine tartrate salt; Corticotropin-rel. factor, 6-33;; Saline; SC; CSF/CNS;; rat; 2001; 2002;; 14 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; peptides; ALZET brain infusion kit used; recomb. human corticotropin releasing factor used; dummy cannula maintained cannula patency during one week recovery period; after 14 day SC nicotine infusion, r/h CRF (6-33) was infused ICV.

P3927 Buwalda,B., de Boer,S.F., Van Kalkeren,A.A., Koolhaas,J.M. Physiological and behavioral effects of chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of corticotropin-releasing factor in the rat. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1997; 22(-5-):297-309. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor, ovine; Saline; BSA; Ascorbic acid; CSF/CNS; rat; 2002; 10 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; ALZET brain infusion kit used; catheter filled w/ saline to delay agent delivery.

P3832 Huang,T-S. Concomitant infusion of ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone does not prevent suppression of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis by dexamethasone in male rats. J.Endocrinol.Invest. 1997; 20(--):393-396. >>> Dexamethasone; Corticotropin-rel. factor, ovine; SC; rat; 1003D; 2001; 3,7 days; replacement therapy; peptides.

P3228 Jain,V., Shi,S.-Q., Vedernikov,Y.P., Saade,G.R., Chwalisz,K., Garfield,R.E. In vivo effects of corticotropin-releasing factor in pregnant rats. Am.J.Obstet.Gynecol. 1998; 178(--):186-191. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor; Corticotropin-rel. factor, 9-41; Saline, normal; SC; rat (pregnant); 2ML1; no duration posted; controls received mp w/vehicle; peptides; cardiovascular.

P3197 Hauger,R.L., Aguilera,G. Regulation of pituitary corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) receptors by CRH: interaction with vasopressin. Endocrinology 1993; 133(--):1708-1714. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor; Vasopressin; Vasopressin antagonist; SC; rat; 2001; 48 hours; controls received inactive mp or silastic tubing; peptides; the vasopressin antagonist was (mercapto cyclopenta-methylene propionic acid)-[methyl-tyrosine]arginine VP; agents given singly or together.

P3122 Tizabi,Y., Aguilera,G. Desensitization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis following prolonged administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone or vasopressin. Neuroendocrinology 1992; 56(--):611-618. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor; Vasopressin; SC; rat; 48-50 hours; controls received silastic tubing; peptides; animals given CRF or CRF + vasopressin.

P2719 Labeur,M.S., Arzt,E., Wiegers,G.J., Holsboer,F., Reul,J.M.H.M. Long-term intracerebroventricular corticotropin-releasing hormone administration induces distinct changes in rat splenocyte activation and cytokine expression. Endocrinology 1995; 136(-6-):2678-2688. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor; Saline, sterile; Ascorbic acid; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 1 week; controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy); peptides.

P2287 Rivest,S., Plotsky,P.M., Rivier,C. CRF alters the infundibular LHRH secretory system from the medial preoptic area of female rats: possible involvement of opioid receptors. Neuroendocrinology 1993; 57(--):236-246. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor; Ascorbic acid; Albumin, bovine serum; Saline; CSF/CNS (hypothalamic medial preoptic area); rat; 2001; 7 days; two pumps connected to double internal cannula; animals were ovariectomized.

P1829 Iturriza,F.C., Ferese-Spinelli,C.G. Transplantation of the pituitary pars distalis induces the corticotrophs to store melanocyte-stimulating hormone, an effect reversed by the administration of corticotropin-releasing factor. Neuroendocrinology 1991; 53(--):75-78. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor; Albumin, bovine serum; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 24 hours; no comment posted.

P1731 Rivest,S., Deshaies,Y., Richard,D. Effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on energy balance in rats are sex dependent. Am.J.Physiol. 1989; 257(--):R1417-R1422. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor, human; Corticotropin-rel. factor, rat; Ascorbic acid; Albumin, bovine serum; Saline; CSF/CNS; rat; 2002; 14 days; infusion delayed about 4 days by 10.6 cm saline-filled catheter.

P1647 Bruhn,T.O., Sutton,R.E., Rivier,C.L., Vale,W.W. Corticotropin-releasing factor regulates proopiomelanocortin messenger ribonucleic acid levels in vivo. Neuroendocrinology 1984; 39(--):170-175. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor; Ascorbic acid; Saline; IV (jugular); rat; 2001; 3-15 days; peptides.

P1460 Arase,K., Shargill,N.S., Bray,G.A. Effects of intraventricular infusion of corticotropin-releasing factor on VMH-lesioned obese rats. Am.J.Physiol. 1989; 256(--):R751-R756. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor; Sodium chloride; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 6 days; ICV cannula capped to prevent scratching; peptides.

P1416 Rohner-Jeanrenaud,F., Walker,C.-D., Greco-Perotto,R., Jeanrenaud,B. Central corticotropin-releasing factor administration prevents the excessive body weight gain of genetically obese rats. Endocrinology 1989; 124(-2-):733-739. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor, ovine; Ascorbic acid; Albumin, bovine serum; Saline; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 1 week; peptides.

P1328 Arase,K., York,D.A., Shimizu,H., Shargill,N., Bray,G.A. Effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on food intake and brown adipose tissue thermogeneis in rats. Am.J.Physiol. 1988; 255(--):E255-E259. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor; Saline; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 7 days; mp connected to cannula; dose-response (text); functionality of mp verified by serum levels; peptides.

P1227 Hollt,V., Haarman,I. Corticotropin-releasing factor differentially regulates proopiomelamocortin messenger ribionucleic acid levels in anterior as compared to intermediate pituitary lobes of rats. Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 1984; 124(-2-):407-415. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor; Water; SC; rat; 2001; 8 days; controls received mp w/ water; peptides.

P1175 Levin,N., Shinsako,J., Dallman,M.F. Corticosterone acts on the brain to inhibit adrenalectomy-induced adrenocorticotropin secretion. Endocrinology 1988; 122(-2-):694-701. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor; Acetic acid; Ascorbate; Albumin, bovine serum; SC; rat; 5 days; Pump model not stated; controls received sham-op; mp primed overnight in saline; pump inserted sc adjacent to wax or cort pellet; varying doses of agent infused; replacement therapy (hypothalmic lesions); peptides.

P1162 Holmes,M.C., Catt,K.J., Aguilera,G. Involvement of vasopressin in the down-regulation of pituitary corticotropin-releasing factor receptors after adrenalectomy. Endocrinology 1987; 121(-6-):2093-2098. >>> Dye, Trypan blue; Corticotropin-rel. factor; Vasopressin; Saline; SC; rat; 48 hours; Pump model not stated; concomitant and simultaneous infusion of agents; functionality of mp verified; replacement therapy (vasopressin deficiency); peptides.

P0975 Gertz,B.J., Contreras,L.N., McComb,D.J., Kovacs,K., Tyrrell,J.B., Dallman,M.F. Chronic administration of corticotropin-releasing factor increases pituitary corticotroph number. Endocrinology 1987; 120(-1-):381-388. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor, rat; Ascorbic acid; Albumin, bovine serum; Saline; SC; rat; 2002; 52 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; pumps replaced at 10-14 day intervals; long-term study; peptides.

P0903 Lima,L., Sourkes,T.L. Effect of corticotropin-releasing factor on adrenal DBH and PNMT activity. Peptides 1987; 8(-3-):437-441. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor, ovine; Saline; CSF/CNS; rat; 7 days; mp model not stated; controls received mp with vehicle; peptides.

P0684 Dallman,M.F., Makar,G.B., Roberts,J.L., Levin,N., Blum,M. Corticotrope response to removal of releasing factors and corticosteroids in vivo. Endocrinology 1985; 117(-5-):2190-2197. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor, rat; Acetic acid; Ascorbate; Albumin, bovine serum; SC; rat; 2001; 5 days; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy); mp primed in saline 4-12 h prior to implant.

P0558 Westlund,K.N., Aguilera,G., Childs,G.V. Quantification of morphological changes in pituitary corticotropes produced by in vivo coricotropin-releasing factor stimulation and adrenalectomy. Endocrinology 1985; 116(-1-):439-445. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor; IP; rat; 2001; 2 days; comparison of adrenal excision vs. mp infusion; sham pump used in controls to determine stress of abdominal surgery p. 440; dose-response data, 2 doses of CRF.

P0427 Rivier,C., Vale,W. Influence of corticotropin-releasing factor on reproductive functions in the rat. Endocrinology 1984; 114(-3-):914-921. >>> Corticotropin-rel. factor, 7-14; Corticotropin-rel. factor; Corticotropin-rel. factor, ovine; Ascorbic acid; Albumin, bovine serum; PBS; IV (jugular); rat; 1 week; comparison of acute iv injec vs. multiple icv injec vs. iv mp infusion; comparison of agents effects.

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4. Dexfenfluramine

Q0904 Banas,S.M., Doly,S., Boutourlinsky,K., Diaz,S.L., Belmer,A., Callebert,J., Collet,C., Launay,J.M., Maroteaux,L. Deconstructing Antiobesity Compound Action: Requirement of Serotonin 5-HT(2B) Receptors for Dexfenfluramine Anorectic Effects. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36(-2-):423-433. >>> Dexfenfluramine; SC; Mice; 5 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (8 wks old, male, 8-12 wks old, 5-HT2B-/-); obesity.

P9671 Desbuards,N., Antier,D., Rochefort,G.Y., Apfeldorfer,C.S., Schenck,E., Hanton,G., Hyvelin,J.M. Dexfenfluramine discontinuous treatment does not worsen hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling but activates RhoA/ROCK pathway: Consequences on pulmonary hypertension. European Journal of Pharmacology 2009; 602(-2-3-):355-363. >>> Dexfenfluramine; Water, sterile; IV (jugular); Rat; 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (female, Wistar, 250-275 g.).

P7822 Callebert,J., Esteve,J.M., Herve,P., Peoc'h,K., Tournois,C., Drouet,L., Launay,J.M., Maroteaux,L. Evidence for a control of plasma serotonin levels by 5-hydroxytryptamine2B receptors in mice. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2006; 317(-2-):724-731. >>> Dexfenfluramine; RS-127445; Mice; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; cardiovascular; animal info (129PAS wt or 5-HT2B-R(-/-), 6wk old, 20-25g, male, female).

P5548 Launay,J.M., Herve,P., Peoc'h,K., Tournois,C., Callebert,J., Nebigil,C.G., Etienne,N., Drouet,L., Humbert,M., Simonneau,G., Maroteaux,L. Function of the serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor in pulmonary hypertension. Nature Medicine 2002; 8(-10-):1129-1135. >>> RS-127445; dexfenfluramine; Mice; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; RS-127445 is a highly selective, high affinity 5-HT2B receptor antagonist; dexfenfluramine is an amphetamine-derived appetite suppressant.

P4569 Bratter,J, Gessner,I.H, Rowland,N.E. Effects of prenatal co-administration of phentermine and dexfenfluramine in rats.. European Journal of Pharmacology 1999; 369(--):R1-R3. >>> Phentermine; dexfenfluramine;; water;; SC;; rat (pregnant);; 2002;; 14 days;; controls received mp w/vehicle; teratology; phentermine and dexfenfluramine infused together in the same pump;.

P4257 Rowland,N.E., Souquet,A.-M. Serotonin, food intake and body weight. Ann.Med.Interne. 1989; 140(-Sup 1-):8-11. >>> Dexfenfluramine; SC; 4 weeks; article written in French, with English abstract.

P4196 Roth,J.D., Rowland,N.E. Efficacy of administration of dexfenfluramine and phentermine, alone and in combination, on ingestive behavior and body weights in rats. Psychopharmacology 1998; 137(--):99-106. >>> Dexfenfluramine HCl; Phentermine HCl; TFMPP; Saline; Water, distilled; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received sham surgery; comparison of injections vs. mp; TFMPP is a 5-HT2C agonist [1-[3-tifluoromethyl)-phenyl]piperazine; agents infused alone or in combination; "...suggesting that minipump delivery of DFEN/PHEN is more effective than acute administration" (p. 104).

P2922 Rowland,N.E., Morian,K.R. Effect of dexfenfluramine on alcohol intake in alcohol-preferring "P" rats. Alcohol 1992; 9(--):559-561. >>> Dexfenfluramine; Water; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received no mp; comparison of sc injections vs. mp.

P2921 Rowland,N.E. Long-term administration of dexfenfluramine to genetically obese (ob/ob) and lean mice: body weight and brain serotonin changes. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 1994; 49(-2-):287-294. >>> Dexfenfluramine; Dexnorfenfluramine; Water; SC; mice; 2002; 14 days; controls received sedation only; tolerance; genetically obese ob/ob and lean mice used; "...because the half-life for elimination of DFEN is rapid in mice compared with humans, higher doses and longer term administration were needed to make this a suitable model".

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5. Ghrelin

Q0905 Hansson,C., Haage,D., Taube,M., Egecioglu,E., Salome,N., Dickson,S.L. CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION OF GHRELIN ALTERS EMOTIONAL RESPONSES IN RATS: BEHAVIOURAL, ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR EVIDENCE. Neuroscience 2011; 180(-;-):201-211. >>> Ghrelin; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 270-300 g); peptides; ALZET brain infusion kit 2 used.

Q0885 Tong,J., Mannea,E., Aime,P., Pfluger,P.T., Yi,C.X., Castaneda,T.R., Davis,H.W., Ren,X.Y., Pixley,S., Benoit,S., Julliard,K., Woods,S.C., Horvath,T.L., Sleeman,M.M., D'Alessio,D., Obici,S., Frank,R., Tschoep,M.H. Ghrelin Enhances Olfactory Sensitivity and Exploratory Sniffing in Rodents and Humans. Journal of Neuroscience 2011; 31(-15-):5841-5846. >>> Ghrelin; Saline, isotonic; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); Rat; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, 300-350 g, Wistar, 280-350 g); peptides; behavioral testing (Sniff frequency, Conditioned odor aversion); cannula placement verified by angiotensin II dipsogenic thirst test.

Q0691 Salome,N., Hansson,C., Taube,M., Gustafsson-Ericson,L., Egecioglu,E., Karlsson-Lindahl,L., Fehrentz,J.A., Martinez,J., Perrissoud,D., Dickson,S.L. On the Central Mechanism Underlying Ghrelin's Chronic Pro-Obesity Effects in Rats: New Insights from Studies Exploiting a Potent Ghrelin Receptor Antagonist. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2009; 21(-9-):777-785. >>> Ghrelin, human; JMV2959; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-300 g); JMV2959 is a ghrelin receptor antagonist; obesity.

Q0594 Granado,M., Chowen,J.A., Garcia-Caceres,C., gado-Rubin,A., Barrios,V., Castillero,E., Argente,J., Frago,L.M. Ghrelin treatment protects lactotrophs from apoptosis in the pituitary of diabetic rats. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY 2009; 309(-1-2-):67-75. >>> Ghrelin, n-octanoyl; IV (jugular); Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (adult, male, Wistar, 250 g, STZ induced diabetes); infusion rate of 0.5 ul/hr.

Q0526 Wu,R.Q., Dong,W.F., Qiang,X.L., Wang,H.C., Blau,S.A., Ravikumar,T.S., Wang,P. Orexigenic hormone ghrelin ameliorates gut barrier dysfunction in sepsis in rats. Critical Care Medicine 2009; 37(-8-):2421-2426. >>> Ghrelin, rat; Saline; IV (jugular); Rat; 2001D; 15 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 275-325 g).

Q0433 Sangiao-Alvarellos,S., Vazquez,M.J., Varela,L., Nogueiras,R., Saha,A.K., Cordido,F., Lopez,M., Dieguez,C. Central Ghrelin Regulates Peripheral Lipid Metabolism in a Growth Hormone-Independent Fashion. Endocrinology 2009; 150(-10-):4562-4574. >>> Ghrelin; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001D; 2ML2; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, wt, GH-def, Lewis, 2-3 months old, 222 g); endocrinology.

Q0223 Akashi,Y.J., Palus,S., Datta,R., Halem,H., Taylor,J.E., Thoene-Reineke,C., Dong,J., Thum,T., Culler,M.D., Anker,S.D., Springer,J. No effects of human ghrelin on cardiac function despite profound effects on body composition in a rat model of heart failure. International Journal of Cardiology 2009; 137(-3-):267-275. >>> Ghrelin, human; SC; Rat; 2002; 28 days; Comparison of SC injections vs. mp; pumps replaced after 14 days; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 215-235 g.).

Q0185 Sangiao-Alvarellos,S., Varela,L., Vazquez,M.J., Da Boit,K., Saha,A.K., Cordido,F., Dieguez,C., Lopez,M. Influence of Ghrelin and Growth Hormone Deficiency on AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Hypothalamic Lipid Metabolism. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2010; 22(-6-):543-556. >>> Ghrelin, acyl; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 2ML2; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (male, Lewis, wt, GH deficient (dwarf), 2-3 months old, 365 g, 222 g); cannula placement confirmed by methylene blue staining; endocrinology.

Q0177 Moreno,M., Chaves,J.F., Sancho-Bru,P., Ramalho,F., Ramalho,L.N., Mansego,M.L., Ivorra,C., Dominguez,M., Conde,L., Millan,C., Mari,M., Colmenero,J., Lozano,J.J., Jares,P., Vidal,J., Forns,X., Arroyo,V., Caballeria,J., Gines,P., Bataller,R. Ghrelin Attenuates Hepatocellular Injury and Liver Fibrogenesis in Rodents and Influences Fibrosis Progression in Humans. Hepatology 2010; 51(-3-):974-985. >>> Ghrelin, recomb. rat; growth hormone releasing peptide-2, Des-Ala3-; Saline; SC; Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 975); peptides; animal info (male, Wistar, 250 g, bile duct ligation, acute liver injury); hepatology; GHRP-2 is a ghrelin receptor agonist.

Q0156 Shah,K.G., Wu,R.Q., Jacob,A., Blau,S.A., Ji,Y.X., Dong,W.F., Marini,C.P., Ravikumar,T.S., Coppa,G.F., Wang,P. Human Ghrelin Ameliorates Organ Injury and Improves Survival after Radiation Injury Combined with Severe Sepsis. MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2009; 15(-11-12-):407-414. >>> Ghrelin, human; Saline; IV; Rat; 68 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250-300 g.).

Q0034 Barazzoni,R., Zhu,X.X., DeBoer,M., Datta,R., Culler,M.D., Zanetti,M., Guarnieri,G., Marks,D.L. Combined effects of ghrelin and higher food intake enhance skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity and AKT phosphorylation in rats with chronic kidney disease. Kidney International 2010; 77(-1-):23-28. >>> Ghrelin, recomb human; Tween 80; saline; serum, rat; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (male, F344/NTacfBR); replacement therapy (Nephrectomy (5/6)).

P9969 Zhao,T.J., Liang,G.S., Li,R.L., Xie,X.F., Sleeman,M.W., Murphy,A.J., Valenzuela,D.M., Yancopoulos,G.D., Goldstein,J.L., Brown,M.S. Ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is essential for growth hormone-mediated survival of calorie-restricted mice. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2010; 107(-16-):7467-7472. >>> Ghrelin, recomb. rat; growth hormone, recomb. rat; Saline; sodium bicarbonate; albumin, rat; SC; Mice; 1002; 2004; 10, 11 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (male, wt, Goat-/-, 8 weeks old).

P9951 Andrews,Z.B., Erion,D.M., Beiler,R., Choi,C.S., Shulman,G.I., Horvath,T.L. Uncoupling Protein-2 Decreases the Lipogenic Actions of Ghrelin. Endocrinology 2010; 151(-5-):2078-2086. >>> Ghrelin; SC; Mice; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; peptides; animal info (ucp-1-,+/+).

P9950 Ariyasu,H., Iwakura,H., Yamada,G., Kanamoto,N., Bando,M., Kohno,K., Sato,T., Kojima,M., Nakao,K., Kangawa,K., Akamizu,T. A Postweaning Reduction in Circulating Ghrelin Temporarily Alters Growth Hormone (GH) Responsiveness to GH-Releasing Hormone in Male Mice But Does Not Affect Somatic Growth. Endocrinology 2010; 151(-4-):1743-1750. >>> Ghrelin; SC; Mice; 1002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; peptides; animal info (3 wks old, male, GPDTR-tg).

P9885 Theander-Carrillo,C., Wiedmer,P., Cettour-Rose,P., Szanto,I., Nogueiras,R., Jeanrenaud,F.R., Perez-Tilve,D., Pflueger,P., Castaneda,T.R., Muzzin,P., Schurmann,A., Tschop,M. Ghrelin action in the brain controls adipocyte metabolism. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2006/7; 116(-7-):1983-1993. >>> Ghrelin; Saline, isotonic; CSF/CNS; Rat; 6,14 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; animal info (8-10 wks old, Wistar).

P9771 Roche,J.R., Sheahan,A.J., Chagas,L.M., Blache,D., Berry,D.P., Kay,J.K. Long-Term Infusions of Ghrelin and Obestatin in Early Lactation Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2008; 91(-12-):4728-4740. >>> Ghrelin, Dap3-; obestatin; DMSO; SC; Cattle (cow); 2ML4; 8 weeks; Controls were untreated; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; long-term study; pumps replaced after 28 days; animal info (multparous); 50% DMSO used; wound clips used.

P9742 Davies,J.S., Kotokorpi,P., Eccles,S.R., Barnes,S.K., Tokarczuk,P.F., Allen,S.K., Whitworth,H.S., Guschina,I.A., Evans,B.A.J., Mode,A., Zigman,J.M., Wells,T. Ghrelin Induces Abdominal Obesity Via GHS-R-Dependent Lipid Retention. MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY 2009; 23(-6-):914-924. >>> Ghrelin; BSA; heparin; IV (jugular); 2001; 14 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; pumps replaced after 7 days; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 205-232 g).

P9388 Balasubramaniam,A., Joshi,R., Su,C.H., Friend,L.A., Sheriff,S., Kagan,R.J., James,J.H. Ghrelin inhibits skeletal muscle protein breakdown in rats with thermal injury through normalizing elevated expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and MAFbx. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2009; 296(-4-):R893-R901. >>> Ghrelin; SC; Rat; 2001D; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (p. R895); half-life (p. R894) "short"; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 50-60 g.); "Ghrelin has a short half-life (66), and therefore continuous infusion is required to maintain its effective concentration throughout the experiment." (p. R894).

P8993 Wu,R.Q., Dong,W.F., Cui,X.X., Zhou,M., Simms,H.H., Ravikumar,T.S., Wang,P. Ghrelin down-regulates proinflammatory cytokines in sepsis through activation of the vagus nerve. Annals of Surgery 2007; 245(-3-):480-486. >>> Ghrelin, rat; Saline, normal; IV (jugular); Rat; 2001D; 15 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; half-life (p. 485) 11-17 minutes (rat); peptides; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 275-325 g.); Sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture; vagotomy; "ghrelin's half-life is 11 minutes in the normal rat and 17 minutes at the late stage of sepsis. Therefore, a continuous infusion of ghrelin is required to maintain its effective concentration in the circulation." (p. 485).

P8949 Strassburg,S., Anker,S.D., Castaneda,T.R., Burget,L., Perez-Tilve,D., Pfluger,P.T., Nogueiras,R., Halem,H., Dong,J.Z., Culler,M.D., Datta,R., Tschoep,M.H. Long-term effects of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor agonists on energy balance in rats. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2008; 295(-1-):E78-E84. >>> BIM-28131; BIM-28125; ghrelin; Sodium chloride; Tween 80; serum, rat; SC; Rat; 2002; 4 weeks; Dose-response (pg. E80, fig. 1); comparison of SC injections vs. mp; pumps replaced on day 15; half-life (p. E83) ghrelin is "~10-30" min; peptide; post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 297-316 g.); BIM-28125 and BIM-28131 are GHS-R agonists (growth hormone secretagogue receptor); pumps were primed overnight; 5% Tween 80.

P8842 DeBoer,M.D., Zhu,X.X., Levasseur,P.R., Inui,A., Hu,Z.Y., Han,G.F., Mitch,W.E., Taylor,J.E., Halem,H.A., Dong,J.Z., Datta,R., Culler,M.D., Marks,D.L. Ghrelin treatment of chronic kidney disease: Improvements in lean body mass and cytokine profile. Endocrinology 2008; 149(-2-):827-835. >>> Ghrelin, human; BIM-28131; BIM-28125; Saline; serum, inactivated rate; Tween 80; SC; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; replacement therapy (Nephrectomy 5/6); half-life (pg. 834) "short"; peptides; animal info (male, F344/NTacfBR, 130-150g.); endocrinology; synthetic receptor agonists; 5% Tween 80.

P8625 Dixit,V.D., Yang,H.W., Sun,Y.X., Weeraratna,A.T., Youm,Y.H., Smith,R.G., Taub,D.D. Ghrelin promotes thymopoiesis during aging. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2007; 117(-10-):2778-2790. >>> Ghrelin; leptin, recomb. mouse; PBS; SC; Mice; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (Balb/c; 2,4,14,20 and 24 months old, femail, C57BL/6, 2,68,18 months old); endocrinology.

P8013 Nakazato,M., Murakami,N., Date,Y., Kojima,M., Matsuo,H., Kangawa,K., Matsukura,S. A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding. Nature 2001/1/11; 409(-6817-):194-198. >>> Ghrelin; CSF/CNS; Rat; 12 days; Peptides.

P8001 Tschop,M., Smiley,D.L., Heiman,M.L. Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents. Nature 2000/10/19; 407(-6806-):908-913. >>> Ghrelin; CSF/CNS; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ water; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley).

P7896 Diano,S., Farr,S.A., Benoit,S.C., McNay,E.C., da Silva,I., Horvath,B., Gaskin,F.S., Nonaka,N., Jaeger,L.B., Banks,W.A., Morley,J.E., Pinto,S., Sherwin,R.S., Xu,L., Yamada,K.A., Sleeman,M.W., Tschoep,M.H., Horvath,T.L. Ghrelin controls hippocampal spine synapse density and memory performance. Nature Neuroscience 2006; 9(-3-):381-388. >>> Ghrelin; Saline; SC; Mice; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (ghrelin knockout); peptides; animal info (C57/B16, Ghsr -/-, male); neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease).

P7837 Martini,A.C., Fernandez-Fernandez,R., Tovar,S., Navarro,V.M., Vigo,E., Vazquez,M.J., Davies,J.S., Thompson,N.M., Aguilar,E., Pinilla,L., Wells,T., Dieguez,C., Tena-Sempere,M. Comparative analysis of the effects of ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin on luteinizing hormone secretion in male rats. Endocrinology 2006; 147(-5-):2374-2382. >>> Ghrelin, rat; ghrelin, des-octanoyl; L163, 255; Saline, sterile; heparin; BSA; IV (jugalar); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 12 wk. old); L163, 255 is GHS-R1a-specific agonist.

P7609 Wu,R.Q., Dong,W.F., Zhou,M., Cui,X.X., Simms,H.H., Wang,P. Ghrelin improves tissue perfusion in severe sepsis via downregulation of endothelin-1. Cardiovascular Research 2005; 68(-2-):318-326. >>> Ghrelin, rat; PD 142893; Saline, normal; IV (jugular); Rat; 2001D; 15 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or sham operated; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; half-life (pg. 324) 11-17 min. in rat; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley 275-325 g); cecal ligation.

P7303 Riley,L.G., Fox,B.K., Kaiya,H., Hirano,T., Grau,E.G. Long-term treatment of ghrelin stimulates feeding, fat deposition, and alters the GH/IGF-I axis in the tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. General and Comparative Endocrinology 2005; 142(-1-2-):234-240. >>> Ghrelin-C8, tilapia; ghrelin-C10, tilapia; Saline, sterile; IP; Fish (tilapia); 1002; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 235); peptides; post op. care (maracyn); fish temperature of 25 degrees celsius gives a 28 day predicted duration for mp 1002; endocrinology.

P6948 Kim,M.S., Namkoong,C., Kim,H.S., Jang,P.G., Pak,Y.M.K., Katakami,H., Park,J.Y., Lee,K.U. Chronic central administration of ghrelin reverses the effects of leptin. International Journal of Obesity 2004; 28(-10-):1264-1271. >>> Leptin; ghrelin; Saline; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); Rat; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; plasma levels; peptides; Plastics One cannula used; 7 day recovery from cannulation prior to pump implant; cannulation verified by dipsogenic response to ICV administration of angiotensin II (150 ng/rat), positive response was defined as the consumption of 5 ml of water within 1 hr of injection.

P6836 Ariyasu,H., Takaya,K., Iwakura,H., Hosoda,H., Akamizu,T., Arai,Y., Kangawa,K., Nakao,K. Transgenic mice overexpressing des-acyl ghrelin show small phenotype. Endocrinology 2005; 146(-1-):355-364. >>> Ghrelin, rat des-acyl; Saline; IP; Mice; 1002; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 360); peptides.

P6549 Thompson,N.M., Gill,D.A.S., Davies,R., Loveridge,N., Houston,P.A., Robinson,I.C.A.F., Wells,T. Ghrelin and des-octanoyl ghrelin promote adipogenesis directly in vivo by a mechanism independent of the type 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Endocrinology 2004; 145(-1-):234-242. >>> Ghrelin, rat; ghrelin, des-octanoyl rat; L-163,255; Saline, sterile; BSA; heparin; Bone (tibial bone marrow); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg.236); peptides; cyanoacrylate adhesive; L-163,255 is a spiropiperidine GHS-R1a agonist; 5 U/ml of heparin.

P5828 Tschop,M., Smiley,D.L., Heiman,M.L. Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents. Nature 2003; 407(-6806-):908-913. >>> Ghrelin; Water; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig 4a; pg 911); peptides; 1 ul/hr pump model for 7 days; obesity research.

P4690 Date,Y, Murakami,N, Kojima,M, Kuroiwa,T, Matsukura,S, Kangawa,K., Nakazato,M. Central effects of a novel acylated peptide, ghrelin, on growth hormone release in rats.. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2000; 275(--):477-480. >>> Ghrelin; Saline; CSF/CNS; rat; 2002; 12 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of single bolus ICV injections vs. mp; peptides; Ghrelin is a novel growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide; proper cannulae placement verified at end of experiment by the administration of dye..

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6. Glucagon-like Peptide-1

Q0808 Poornima,I., Brown,S.B., Bhashyam,S., Parikh,P., Bolukoglu,H., Shannon,R.P. Chronic Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Infusion Sustains Left Ventricular Systolic Function and Prolongs Survival in the Spontaneously Hypertensive, Heart Failure-Prone Rat. Circulation-Heart Failure 2008; 1(-3-):153-160. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1; Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (9 mo old, SHHF); long-term study; pumps replaced every 21 days; obesity; diabetes.

Q0780 Borkiewicz,P., Pawlak,M., Mackowiak,P. The Results of Prolonged Action of GLP-1 on Some Metabolic Parameters. FOLIA BIOLOGICA-KRAKOW 2011; 59(-1-2-):13-17. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1; IP; Rat; 13 days; Controls received mp w/ NaCl; animal info (male, Wistar, 150 g); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; "We concur that the pumps are more correct for long-term metabolic experiments because of the sustenance of stable amounts of used substances, previously placed in the body of animals." pg 14; "Stable and continuous maintenance of a proper concentration of the peptide using Alzet osmotic minipumps can probably achieve a stronger biological effect compared with repeatable application." pg 16; obesity.

Q0766 Liu,Q., Adams,L., Broyde,A., Fernandez,R., Baron,A.D., Parkes,D.G. The exenatide analogue AC3174 attenuates hypertension, insulin resistance, and renal dysfunction in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Cardiovascular Diabetology 2010; 9(-;-):1-10. >>> AC3174; glucagon-like peptide 1; SC; Rat; 4 weeks; Animal info (7 wks old, Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS), 209 g); peptides; antihypertensive; cardiovascular; AC3174 is an exenatide analogue.

Q0765 Liu,Q., Anderson,C., Broyde,A., Polizzi,C., Fernandez,R., Baron,A., Parkes,D.G. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and the exenatide analogue AC3174 improve cardiac function, cardiac remodeling, and survival in rats with chronic heart failure. Cardiovascular Diabetology 2010; 9(-;-):U1-U14. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1; AC3174; DMSO; water; SC; Rat; 11 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-225 g); long-term study; peptides; behavioral testing (treadmill test); 25% DMSO used; myocardial infarction; AC3174 is a exenatide analogue.

P9652 Nogueiras,R., Perez-Tilve,D., Veyrat-Durebex,C., Morgan,D.A., Varela,L., Haynes,W.G., Patterson,J.T., Disse,E., Pfluger,P.T., Lopez,M., Woods,S.C., DiMarchi,R., Dieguez,C., Rahmouni,K., Rohner-Jeanrenaud,F., Tschoep,M.H. Direct Control of Peripheral Lipid Deposition by CNS GLP-1 Receptor Signaling Is Mediated by the Sympathetic Nervous System and Blunted in Diet-Induced Obesity. Journal of Neuroscience 2009; 29(-18-):5916-5925. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36); exendin (9-39); CSF/CNS; Mice; 1003D; 1007D; 7 days; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/Saline; ALZET brain infusion kit 3 used; post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (8 wks old, wt, eTKO).

P9358 Nuche-Berenguer,B., Moreno,P., Esbrit,P., Dapia,S., Caeiro,J.R., Cancelas,J., Haro-Mora,J.J., Villanueva-Penacarrillo,M.L. Effect of GLP-1 Treatment on Bone Turnover in Normal, Type 2 Diabetic, and Insulin-Resistant States. Calcified Tissue International 2009; 84(-6-):453-461. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide; Saline; Rat; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Wistar).

P8567 Zhang,J., Tokui,Y., Yamagata,K., Kozawa,J., Sayama,K., Iwahashi,H., Okita,K., Miuchi,M., Konya,H., Hamaguchi,T., Namba,M., Shimomura,I., Miyagawa,J.I. Continuous stimulation of human glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide in a mouse model (NOD) delays onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2007; 50(-9-):1900-1909. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1; Acetic acid buffer, 5%; SC; Mice; 2004; 4 or 8 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by GLP-1 plasma levels; long-term study; pumps replaced after 4 weeks; animal info (female, NOD mice, 8 weeks old); diabetes; "plasma concentrations of active GLP-1...after pump implantation were significantly elevated and about 1.5 fold higher than before the pump implantation. We therefore considered this delivery system to be appropriate for this experiment." (p. 1903).

P8399 Perry,T., Holloway,H.W., Weerasuriya,A., Mouton,P.R., Duffy,K., Mattison,J.A., Greig,N.H. Evidence of GLP-1-mediated neuroprotection in an animal model of pyridoxine-induced peripheral sensory neuropathy. Experimental Neurology 2007; 203(-2-):293-301. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36)-amide; exendin-4; exendin (9-39); peptide, inactive; SC; Rat; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ scrambled, inactive, 30aa peptide; functionality of mp verified by plasma GLP-1 levels; dose-response (fig. 3); half-life (pg. 293) 1.5 min. in rodents (GLP-1), 120 min. in rodents (Ex4); peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 300-350g.).

P7827 Thyssen,S., Arany,E., Hill,D.J. Ontogeny of regeneration of beta-cells in the neonatal rat after treatment with streptozotocin. Endocrinology 2006; 147(-5-):2346-2356. >>> Glucagon-like polypeptide-1(9-39); Saline; SC; Rat (neonate); 1002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 2352); peptides; animal info (Wistar, postnatal d4, STZ-treated); GLP-1 receptor antagonist; "GLP-1-(9-39) treatment did not alter weight gain in these animals or have any visible deleterious effect." (pg. 2352).

P6648 Nikolaidis,L.A., Hentosz,T., Stolarski,C., Elahi,D., Shannon,R.P. Recombinant glucagon like peptide-1 (rGLP-1) improves survival in spontaneously hypertensive heart failure (SHHF) rats. Circulation 2003; 108(-17-):93-94. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide; Saline; SC; Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle.

P6185 Farilla,L., Hui,H.X., Bertolotto,C., Kang,E., Bulotta,A., Di Mario,U., Perfetti,R. Glucagon-like peptide-1 promotes islet cell growth and inhibits apoptosis in Zucker diabetic rats. Endocrinology 2002; 143(-11-):4397-4408. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1; Saline; SC; Rat; 2 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides.

P5478 Hui,H.X., Farilla,L., Merkel,P., Perfetti,R. The short half-life of glucagon-like peptide-1 in plasma does not reflect its long-lasting beneficial effects. European Journal of Endocrinology 2002; 146(-6-):863-869. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1; SC; Rat; 2 days; Dose-respose (figure 2, p. 146); half-life (p. 863) 1.5 - 5 min; peptides; agent is human recombinant.

P5320 Perry,T., Haughey,N.J., Mattson,M.P., Egan,J.M., Greig,N.H. Protection and reversal of excitotoxic neuronal damage by glucagon-like peptide-1 and exendin-4. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2002; 302(-3-):881-888. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1; Exendin-4; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; Exendin-4 half-life (p. 882) approx 120 mins; peptides; ALZET brain infusion kit used.

P4707 Alavi,K, Schwartz,M.Z., Palazzo,J.P, Prasad,R. Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in a rodent model with the intestinal growth factor glucagon-like peptide-2.. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2000; 35(-6-):847-851. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-2;; PBS;; IV (jugular);; rat;; 2002;; 14 days;; Controls received no treatment; peptides; GLP-2 is an intestinal growth factor;.

P4550 Sigalet,D.L., Martin,G.R. Hormonal therapy for short bowel syndrome.. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2000/2; 35(--):360-364. >>> Growth hormone; Insulin-like growth factor I; Glucagon-like peptide-2;; Saline;; SC;; rat;; 2ML1;; 14 days;; controls received mp w/vehicle; no stress (P. 361); peptides;.

P4482 Wang,Y, Perfetti,R, Greig,N.H, Hooloway,H.W, Deore,K.A, Montrose-Rafizadeh,C, Elahi,D, Egan,J.M. Glucagon-like peptide-1 can reverse the age-related decline in glucose tolerance in rats.. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 1997/6; 99(-12-):2883-2889. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1); Saline; SC; Rat; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma GLP-1 levels; peptides.

P4217 Donahey,J.C.K., van Dijk,G., Woods,S.C., Seeley,R.J. Intraventricular GLP-1 reduces short- but not long-term food intake or body weight in lean and obese rats. Brain Research 1998; 779(--):75-83. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide; Saline; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); rat; 2002; 4 days; controls received mp w/saline; functionality of mp verified by movement of air bubble along tubing; one week recovery after cannula placement; cannula placement confirmed by administration of angiotensin II; pump filled with saline and agent and loaded in catheter tubing; air bubble used to separate solutions; Lynch coil technique; peptides.

P3837 Mizuno,A., Kuwajima,M., Ishida,K., Noma,Y., Murakami,T., Tateishi,K., Sato,I., Shima,K. Extrapancreatic action of truncated glucagon-like peptide-1 in otsuka long-evans tokushima fatty rats, an animal model for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 1997; 46(-7-):745-749. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide; SC; rat; 2002; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma GLP-1 assays at days 0 and 12; peptides.

P3287 Kawai,K., Ohashi,S. Long-term (1-month) administration of GLP-1(7-36)amide to normal and diabetic rats. Digestion 1993; 54(-6-):359-360. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide; SC; rat; 2ML4; 4 weeks; controls received sham operation; peptides.

P3172 Hargrove,D.M., Nardone,N.A., Persson,L.M., Parker,J.C., Stevenson,R.W. Glucose-dependent action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-37) in vivo during short- or long- term administration. Metabolism 1995; 44(-9-):1231-1237. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-37); Tween 80; Saline; SC; rat; 5 days; controls received mp with vehicle; comparison of acute infusion vs. mp; peptides; "... it is likely that only a portion of the GLP-1(7-37) administered subcutaneously was absorbed..." (p. 1235).

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7. Leptin

Q0568 Xu,J., Kirigiti,M.A., Grove,K.L., Smith,M.S. Regulation of Food Intake and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/Luteinizing Hormone during Lactation: Role of Insulin and Leptin. Endocrinology 2009; 150(-9-):4231-4240. >>> Insulin, human; leptin, rat; Saline; SC; Rat; 1003D; 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (d 8-9 post partum, 6 d post ovariectomy); multiple pumps per animal (2); replacement therapy (ovariectomized).

Q0513 Gil-Ortega,M., Stucchi,P., Guzman-Ruiz,R., Cano,V., Arribas,S., Gonzalez,M.C., Ruiz-Gayo,M., Fernandez-Alfonso,M.S., Somoza,B. Adaptative Nitric Oxide Overproduction in Perivascular Adipose Tissue during Early Diet-Induced Obesity. Endocrinology 2010; 151(-7-):3299-3306. >>> Leptin; SC; Mice; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (ob/ob, 4 wks old).

Q0503 de Chantemele,E.J.B., Muta,K., Mintz,J., Tremblay,M.L., Marrero,M.B., Fulton,D.J., Stepp,D.W. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B, a Major Regulator of Leptin-Mediated Control of Cardiovascular Function. Circulation 2009; 120(-9-):753-U84. >>> Leptin; SC; Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Balb/c controls received mp w/ leptin; animal info (PTP1B null, Balb/c).

Q0489 Ceccarini,G., Flavell,R.R., Butelman,E.R., Synan,M., Willnow,T.E., Bar-Dagan,M., Goldsmith,S.J., Kreek,M.J., Kothari,P., Vallabhajosula,S., Muir,T.W., Friedman,J.M. PET Imaging of Leptin Biodistribution and Metabolism in Rodents and Primates. Cell Metabolism 2009; 10(-2-):148-1U7. >>> Leptin, recomb.; leptin, dota-; SC; Mice; 10 days; Animal info (ob/ob, 16 wks old).

Q0447 Collura,L.A., Hoffman,J.B., Wilson,M.E. Administration of human leptin differentially affects parameters of cortisol secretion in socially housed female rhesus monkeys. Endocrine 2009; 36(-3-):530-537. >>> Leptin, recomb. human; SC; Monkey; 28 days; Controls received "no leptin supplementation"; animal info (adult, female, rhesus).

Q0443 da Silva,A.A., do Carmo,J.M., Freeman,J.N., Tallam,L.S., Hall,J.E. A Functional Melanocortin System May Be Required for Chronic CNS-Mediated Antidiabetic and Cardiovascular Actions of Leptin. Diabetes 2009; 58(-8-):1749-1756. >>> Leptin; SHU-9119; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 10, 17 days; Animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 325-350 g); pumps replaced after 7 days; multiple pumps per animal (2); guide cannula used; cannula placement verified by angiotensin II dipsogenic effect; diabetes; Leptin and SHU-9119 attached to Y connector.

Q0430 French,S.S., Greives,T.J., Zysling,D.A., Chester,E.M., Demas,G.E. Leptin increases maternal investment. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2009; 276(-1675-):4003-4011. >>> Leptin, recomb. murine; Tris buffer; Hamster; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (adult, female, Siberian).

Q0401 Harris,R.B.S. Leptin Responsiveness of Mice Deficient in Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Type 2. Neuroendocrinology 2010; 92(-3-):198-206. >>> Leptin; IP; Mice; 1002; 12 days; Controls received mp w/PBS; animal info (male, female, wt, CRHR2 KO).

Q0313 Inoue,W., Luheshi,G.N. Acute starvation alters lipopolysaccharide-induced fever in leptin-dependent and -independent mechanisms in rats. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2010; 299(-6-):R1709-R1719. >>> Leptin, recomb. rat; Saline; SC; 1007D; 4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (adult, female, Sprague-Dawley, 200-225 g).

Q0296 Zhang,J.J., Scarpace,P.J. The soluble leptin receptor neutralizes leptin-mediated STAT3 signalling and anorexic responses in vivo. British Journal of Pharmacology 2009; 158(-2-):475-482. >>> Soluble leptin receptor; leptin; CSF, artificial; saline; CSF/CNS; SC; Rat; 2001; 3 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (2 mo-old, male, F344 x Brown Norway); ALZET brain infusion kit used; pumps replaced after after 2 weeks; 2 week aCSF delayed infusion; aCSF pump was replaced with SLR pump plus leptin pump after 2 weeks.

Q0163 Park,S., Ahn,I.S., Kim,D.S. Central infusion of leptin improves insulin resistance and suppresses beta-cell function, but not beta-cell mass, primarily through the sympathetic nervous system in a type 2 diabetic rat model. LIFE SCIENCES 2010; 86(-23-24-):854-862. >>> Leptin; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2004; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 223 g.); aCSF recipe; diabetes.

Q0121 Hilzendeger,A.M., Goncalves,A.C.D., Plehm,R., Diedrich,A., Gross,V., Pesquero,J.B., Bader,M. Autonomic dysregulation in ob/ob mice is improved by inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM 2010; 88(-4-):383-390. >>> Leptin; Mice; 28 days; Peptides; animal info (male, C57BL/6J wt, ob/ob, 16 weeks old).

Q0093 Pfaffly,J., Michaelides,M., Wang,G.J., Pessin,J.E., Volkow,N.D., Thanos,P.K. Leptin Increases Striatal Dopamine D2 Receptor Binding in Leptin-Deficient Obese (ob/ob) Mice. Synapse 2010; 64(-7-):503-510. >>> Leptin; Saline; SC; Mice; 1002; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, ob/ob, 8 wks old); obesity.

Q0085 Knight,Z.A., Hannan,K.S., Greenberg,M.L., Friedman,J.M. Hyperleptinemia Is Required for the Development of Leptin Resistance. PLoS One 2010; 5(-6-):U248-U255. >>> Leptin, recomb.; PBS; SC; Mice; 1004; 2002; 2004; 20 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study; pumps replaced every 4 weeks, or 12 days; animal info (male, ob/ob C57BL/6J, 4 wks old); "We found, consistent with previous studies, that leptin replacement in ob/ob animals is sufficient to normalize their body weight and other physiologic abnormalities, and furthermore that this normalization can be maintained for 6 months by replacing the pumps monthly." pg. e11377; obesity.

Q0083 Tang,G.B., Cui,J.G., Wang,D.H. Role of hypoleptinemia during cold adaptation in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2009; 297(-5-):R1293-R1301. >>> Leptin, recomb. murine; PBS; SC; Prairie vole; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (male, Brandts, 90-120 days old); functionality of mp verified by serum leptin levels.

Q0082 Kaiyala,K.J., Morton,G.J., Leroux,B.G., Ogimoto,K., Wisse,B., Schwartz,M.W. Identification of Body Fat Mass as a Major Determinant of Metabolic Rate in Mice. Diabetes 2010; 59(-7-):1657-1666. >>> Leptin; Sodium bicarbonate; SC; Mice; 1007D; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (ob/ob, wt, C57BL/6, 11 wks old); obesity; diabetes; Lynch coil filled with saline for 24 hour delayed infusion.

Q0081 Turek,V.F., Trevaskis,J.L., Levin,B.E., Dunn-Meynell,A.A., Irani,B., Gu,G.B., Wittmer,C., Griffin,P.S., Vu,C., Parkes,D.G., Roth,J.D. Mechanisms of Amylin/Leptin Synergy in Rodent Models. Endocrinology 2010; 151(-1-):143-152. >>> Amylin; leptin; DMSO; water, sterile; SC; Rat; mice; 2004; 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (lean, male, Sprague Dawley, 426 g., amylin KO, 12 wks old, male, female); one group contained pumps with amylin and leptin; 50% DMSO used; obesity.

Q0060 Tschoep,J., Nogueiras,R., Haas-Lockie,S., Kasten,K.R., Castaneda,T.R., Huber,N., Guanciale,K., Perez-Tilve,D., Habegger,K., Ottaway,N., Woods,S.C., Oldfield,B., Clarke,I., Chua,S Jr, Farooqi,I.S., O'Rahilly,S., Caldwell,C.C., Tschoep,M.H. CNS Leptin Action Modulates Immune Response and Survival in Sepsis. Journal of Neuroscience 2010; 30(-17-):6036-6047. >>> Leptin; Saline, isotonic; SC; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1003D; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cyanoacrylate adhesive; ALZET brain infusion kit 3 used; animal info (male, ob/ob, wt, 8-10 wks old); post op. care (buprenorphine).

Q0043 Tirard,J., Gout,J., Sarafian,D., Blondet,A., Vigier,M., Rajas,F., Mithieux,G., Begeot,M., Naville,D. Leptin Infusion and Obesity in Mouse Cause Alterations in the Hypothalamic Melanocortin System. Obesity 2009; 16(--):1763-1769. >>> Leptin, recomb. ovine; PBS; IP; Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 4 weeks old).

P9982 Singh,A., Wirtz,M., Parker,N., Hogan,M., Strahler,J., Michailidis,G., Schmidt,S., Vidal-Puig,A., Diano,S., Andrews,P., Brand,M.D., Friedman,J. Leptin-mediated changes in hepatic mitochondrial metabolism, structure, and protein levels. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2009; 106(-31-):13100-13105. >>> Leptin; SC; Mice; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ sterile PBS; animal info (male, C57BL/6, 8-10 wks old, ob/ob); 0.5 ul/hr rate of infusion; withdrawal.

P9975 German,J.P., Wisse,B.E., Thaler,J.P., Oh,I., Sarruf,D.A., Ogimoto,K., Kaiyala,K.J., Fischer,J.D., Matsen,M.E., Taborsky,GJ Jr, Schwartz,M.W., Morton,G.J. Leptin Deficiency Causes Insulin Resistance Induced by Uncontrolled Diabetes. Diabetes 2010; 59(-7-):1626-1634. >>> Leptin; SC; Rat; 2ML4; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Wistar, adult).

P9972 Trevaskis,J.L., Lei,C.L., Koda,J.E., Weyer,C., Parkes,D.G., Roth,J.D. Interaction of Leptin and Amylin in the Long-term Maintenance of Weight Loss in Diet-induced Obese Rats. Obesity 2010; 18(-1-):21-26. >>> Amylin, rat; leptin, murine; Water, sterile; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 8 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; long-term study; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (male, DIO, 500 g); pumps replaced after 4 weeks; 50% DMSO for amylin; endocrinology.

P9931 Badman,M.K., Kennedy,A.R., Adams,A.C., Pissios,P., Maratos-Flier,E. A very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet improves glucose tolerance in ob/ob mice independently of weight loss. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2009; 297(-5-):E1197-E1204. >>> Leptin; SC; Mice; ; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (10wks old, wt, ob/ob).

P9915 Sikka,G., Yang,R., Reid,S., Benjo,A., Koitabashi,N., Camara,A., Baraban,E., O'Donnell,C.P., Berkowitz,D.E., Barouch,L.A. Leptin is essential in maintaining normal vascular compliance independent of body weight. International Journal of Obesity 2010; 34(-1-):203-206. >>> Leptin; Mice; 2, 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ PBS; animal info (7-9 mo old, ob/ob, C57BL/6).

P9888 Wang,M.Y., Chen,L., Clark,G.O., Lee,Y., Stevens,R.D., Ilkayeva,O.R., Wenner,B.R., Bain,J.R., Charron,M.J., Newgard,C.B., Unger,R.H. Leptin therapy in insulin-deficient type I diabetes. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2010; 107(-11-):4813-4819. >>> Leptin; SC; Mice; 2001; 12 days; Controls received mp w/PBS, comparison of insulin pellet v. mp; pumps replaced after 6 days, animal info (5 wks old, NOD).

P9829 Knight,W.D., Seth,R., Boron,J., Overton,J.M. Short-term physiological hyperleptinemia decreases arterial blood pressure. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 2009; 154(-1-3-):60-68. >>> Leptin, recomb. rat; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; peptides; animal info (male, Fisher 344 x Brown Norway, Sprague Dawley, 300 g.).

P9725 Altarejos,J.Y., Goebel,N., Conkright,M.D., Inotiel,H., Xie,J.X., Arias,C.M., Sawchenko,P.E., Montminy,M. The Creb1 coactivator Crtc1 is required for energy balance and fertility. Nature Medicine 2008; 14(-10-):1112-1117. >>> Leptin; PBS, sterile; SC; Mice; 10 days; Animal info (7-8 wks old, male, Crtc -/-, wt).

P9682 Martin,A., David,V., Vico,L., Thomas,T. Impaired Energetic Metabolism After Central Leptin Signaling Leads to Massive Appendicular Bone Loss in Hindlimb-Suspended Rats. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2008; 23(-12-):2040-2047. >>> Leptin, recomb. murine; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (11 wks old, female, Wistar); Plastics One cannula used.

P9569 Hinoi,E., Gao,N., Jung,D.Y., Yadav,V., Yoshizawa,T., Myers,MG Jr, Chua,SC Jr, Kim,J.K., Kaestner,K.H., Karsenty,G. The sympathetic tone mediates leptin's inhibition of insulin secretion by modulating osteocalcin bioactivity. Journal of Cell Biology 2008; 183(-7-):1235-1242. >>> Leptin, human; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); Mice; 7 days; Alzet brain infusion kit 2 used.

P9551 Motyl,K.J., McCabe,L.R. Leptin Treatment Prevents Type I Diabetic Marrow Adiposity But Not Bone Loss in Mice. Journal of Cellular Physiology 2009; 218(-2-):376-384. >>> Leptin; Saline, sterile; SC; Mice; 2004; ; Controls received mp w/vehicle; post op. care (Carprofen); animal info (14 wks old, BALB/c).

P9462 White,C.L., Whittington,A., Barnes,M.J., Wang,Z., Bray,G.A., Morrison,C.D. HF diets increase hypothalamic PTP1B and induce leptin resistance through both leptin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2009; 296(-2-):E291-E299. >>> Leptin; Saline; SC; CSF/CNS; Rat; mice; 10, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP, ICV injections vs. mp; peptides; post op. care (analgesics); animal info (male, Long Evans, 10 wks old; C57BL/6 wt, ob/ob, 8 wks old).

P9439 Sahu,A. Effects of chronic central leptin infusion on proopiomelanocortin and neurotensin gene expression in the rat hypothalamus. Neuroscience Letters 2008; 440(-2-):125-129. >>> Leptin, recomb. murine; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 23 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma leptin levels; pumps replaced after 7 days of mp w/aCSF alone for 16 more days of vehicle or agent; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250 g.).

P9391 Birsoy,K., Soukas,A., Torrens,J., Ceccarini,G., Montez,J., Maffei,M., Cohen,P., Fayzikhodjaeva,G., Viale,A., Socci,N.D., Friedman,J.M. Cellular program controlling the recovery of adipose tissue mass: An in vivo imaging approach. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2008; 105(-35-):12985-12990. >>> Leptin; PBS; SC; Mice (transgenic); 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum leptin levels; peptides; animal info (female, C57BL/6J, BAC Hg, 7-8 wks old).

P9357 Miyazaki,M., Sampath,H., Liu,X.Q., Flowers,M.T., Chu,K., Dobrzyn,A., Ntambi,J.M. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 deficiency attenuates obesity and insulin resistance in leptin-resistant obese mice. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2009; 380(-4-):818-822. >>> Leptin, recomb.; SC; Mice; 1002; 4 days; Controls received mp w/ PBS; animal info (Scd1 -/-).

P9347 Kusakabe,T., Tanioka,H., Ebihara,K., Hirata,M., Miyamoto,L., Miyanaga,F., Hige,H., Aotani,D., Fujisawa,T., Masuzaki,H., Hosoda,K., Nakao,K. Beneficial effects of leptin on glycaemic and lipid control in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes with increased adiposity induced by streptozotocin and a high-fat diet. Diabetologia 2009; 52(-4-):675-683. >>> Leptin, recomb. mouse; SC; Mice; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (7 wks old, C57BL/6J, male).

P9293 Zhang,W., la-Fera,M.A., Hartzell,D.L., Hausman,D., Baile,C.A. Adipose tissue gene expression profiles in ob/ob mice treated with leptin. LIFE SCIENCES 2008; 83(-1-2-):35-42. >>> Leptin, recomb. mouse; PBS; SC; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); peptides; animal info (female, ob/ob, 16 wks old).

P9179 Zhang,R., Dhillon,H., Yin,H., Yoshimura,A., Lowell,B.B., Maratos-Flier,E., Flier,J.S. Selective Inactivation of Socs3 in SF1 Neurons Improves Glucose Homeostasis without Affecting Body Weight. Endocrinology 2008; 149(-11-):5654-5661. >>> Leptin, murine; SC; Mice; 1002; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; peptides; animal info (male, C57BL/6, 20 wks old, Socs3 flox/flox, Sf1-Cre, wt).

P9174 Trotter-Mayo,R.N., Roberts,M.R. Leptin acts in the periphery to protect thymocytes from glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis in the absence of weight loss. Endocrinology 2008; 149(-10-):5209-5218. >>> Leptin; IP; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1002; 12 days; Controls received mp w/ PBS; ALZET brain infusion kit 3 used; animal info (ob/ob, db/db, wt, C57BL/6).

P9173 Trevaskis,J.L., Coffey,T., Cole,R., Lei,C., Wittmer,C., Walsh,B., Weyer,C., Koda,J., Baron,A.D., Parkes,D.G., Roth,J.D. Amylin-Mediated Restoration of Leptin Responsiveness in Diet-Induced Obesity: Magnitude and Mechanisms. Endocrinology 2008; 149(-11-):5679-5687. >>> Leptin, murine; amylin, rat; Water, sterile; DMSO; Rat; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (DIO-prone, Sprague Dawley); 50% DMSO used; Research Diets D1226B.

P9131 Chiba,T., Shinozaki,S., Nakazawa,T., Kawakami,A., Ai,M., Kaneko,E., Kitagawa,M., Kondo,K., Chait,A., Shimokado,K. Leptin deficiency suppresses progression of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2008; 196(-1-):68-75. >>> Leptin, recomb. mouse; SC; Mice; 2004; ; Controls received mp w/ saline; peptides; animal info (C57BL/6, ApoE-/-); Research Diets D12108.

P9042 Gutman,R., Hacmon-Keren,R., Choshniak,I., Kronfeld-Schor,N. Effect of food availability and leptin on the physiology and hypothalamic gene expression of the golden spiny mouse: a desert rodent that does not hoard food. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2008; 295(-6-):R2015-R2023. >>> Leptin; SC; Mice; 2002; 23 days; Controls received mp w/ PBS; pumps replaced after 14 days; peptides; post op. care (Baytril); animal info (golden, spiny, male).

P9025 Unniappan,S., Kieffer,T.J. Leptin extends the anorectic effects of chronic PYY(3-36) administration in ad libitum-fed rats. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2008; 295(-1-):R51-R58. >>> Peptide YY (3-36), rat; peptide YY (3-36), human; leptin; Saline; SC; Rat; 2001D; 2ML1; 2ML2; 7 days; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Fischer 344, 224 g.); 14-day pumps were removed after 7 days, and reimplanted into a new set of animals; "In the coadministration studies, a single pump was used to deliver both PYY (3-36) and leptin." pg. R53; "PYY (3-36) remained biologically active while in the pumps for at least 9 days.".

P9011 Covey,S.D., Wideman,R.D., McDonald,C., Unniappan,S., Huynh,F., Asadi,A., Speck,M., Webber,T., Chua,S.C., Kieffer,T.J. The pancreatic beta cell is a key site for mediating the effects of leptin on glucose homeostasis. Cell Metabolism 2006; 4(-4-):291-302. >>> Leptin; PBS; SC; Mice; mice (transgenic); 2001D; 12 hours; Controls received mp w/ saline; peptides; animal info (C57BL/6-TgN (R/Pcre) 25 Mgn, Lepr flox/flox, 10 wks old).

P8995 Leclercq,I.A., Vansteenberghe,M., Lebrun,V.B., VanHul,N.K., barca-Quinones,J., Sempoux,C.L., Picard,C., Staerkel,P., Horsmans,Y.L. Defective hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy in leptin-deficient mice is not rescued by exogenous leptin. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION 2006; 86(-11-):1161-1171. >>> Leptin, recomb. mouse; SC; Mice; 1003D; 44 hours; Controls received no treatment; functionality of mp verified by serum leptin concentrations; replacement therapy (partial hepatectomy); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; peptides; animal info (female, ob/ob, lean).

P8941 Komatsu,T., Chiba,T., Yamaza,H., To,K., Toyama,H., Higami,Y., Shimokawa,I. Effect of leptin on hypothalamic gene expression in calorie-restricted rats. JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2006; 61(-9-):890-898. >>> Leptin, recomb.; PBS; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit 2 used; peptides; animal info (male, Fischer 344, 34 wks old).

P8915 Lujan,M.E., Krzemien,A.A., Reid,R.L., Van Vugt,D.A. Effect of leptin administration on ovulation in food-restricted rhesus monkeys. Neuroendocrinology 2006; 84(-2-):103-114. >>> Leptin, recomb. human; Water, sterile; CSF/CNS; Monkey; 2002; 32 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study; pumps replaced every 2 wks; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg. 104) 1 animal removed from study due to CNS infection at 28 weeks; peptides; animal info (female, Rhesus, 6-10 yrs. old, 5-12 kg.); endocrinology.

P8910 do Carmo,J.M., Hall,J.E., da Silva,A.A. Chronic central leptin infusion restores cardiac sympathetic-vagal balance and baroreflex sensitivity in diabetic rats. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 2008; 295(-5-):H1974-H1981. >>> Leptin; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Peptides; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 340-360 g.); tygon tubing used; diabetes.

P8902 Judge,M.K., Zhang,J., Tuemer,N., Carter,C., Daniels,M.J., Scarpace,P.J. Prolonged hyperphagia with high-fat feeding contributes to exacerbated weight gain in rats with adult-onset obesity. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2008; 295(-3-):R773-R780. >>> Leptin, recomb. murine; SC; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (fig. 8); peptides; animal info (male, F344 x BN); obesity; Research Diets D12492.

P8891 Duan,J., Choi,Y.H., Hartzell,D., la-Fera,M.A., Hamrick,M., Baile,C.A. Effects of subcutaneous leptin injections on hypothalamic gene profiles in lean and ob/ob mice. Obesity 2007; 15(-11-):2624-2633. >>> Leptin, recomb. mouse; SC; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ PBS; peptides; animal info (obese, ob/ob, lean).

P8869 Sennello,J.A., Fayad,R., Pini,M., Gove,M.E., Ponemone,V., Cabay,R.J., Siegmund,B., Dinarello,C.A., Fantuzzi,G. Interleukin-18, together with interleukin-12, induces severe acute pancreatitis in obese but not in nonobese leptin-deficient mice. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2008; 105(-23-):8085-8090. >>> Leptin; SC; Mice; 1 month; Replacement therapy (leptin deficient); peptides; animal info (ob/ob, slim, female, 6-10 wks old); obesity.

P8866 Terao,S., Yilmaz,G., Stokes,K.Y., Ishikawa,M., Kawase,T., Granger,D.N. Inflammatory and injury responses to ischemic stroke in obese mice. Stroke 2008; 39(-3-):943-950. >>> Leptin, mouse; SC; Mice; 1003D; 3 days; Functionality of mp verified by plasma leptin levels; peptides; post op. care (neomycin trisulfate salt hydrate); animal info (young, 5-7 wks old, ob/ob); obesity.

P8823 Cariou,B., Bouchaert,E., Abdelkarim,M., Dumont,J., Caron,S., Fruchart,J.C., Burcelin,R., Kuipers,F., Staels,B. FXR-deficiency confers increased susceptibility to torpor. FEBS Letters 2007; 581(-27-):5191-5198. >>> Leptin, recomb. mouse; SC; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ sterile saline; functionality of mp verified by plasma leptin levels; peptides; animal info (female, C57BL/6, wt, FXR -/-).

P8807 Sato,S., Hanada,R., Kimura,A., Abe,T., Matsumoto,T., Iwasaki,M., Inose,H., Ida,T., Mieda,M., Takeuchi,Y., Fukumoto,S., Fujita,T., Kato,S., Kangawa,K., Kojima,M., Shinomiya,K., Takeda,S. Central control of bone remodeling by neuromedin U. Nature Medicine 2007; 13(-10-):1234-1240. >>> Neuromedin U-23, rat; leptin, human; CSF/CNS; Mice; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ PBS; peptides; animal info (C57BL/6J, wt, LepOb, Nmu -/-, Adrb2 -/-, male, female, 3 months old).

P8800 Park,S., Hong,S.M., Sung,S.R., Jung,H.K. Long-term effects of central leptin and resistin on body weight, insulin resistance, and beta-cell function and mass by the modulation of hypothalamic leptin and insulin signaling. Endocrinology 2008; 149(-2-):445-454. >>> Leptin, recomb. rat; resistin, recomb. murine; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (pancreatectomy, 90%); peptides; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 220g).

P8798 Trivedi,P., Yang,R.H., Barouch,L.A. Decreased p110-alpha catalytic activity accompanies increased myocyte apoptosis and cardiac hypertrophy in leptin deficient ob/ob mice. CELL CYCLE 2008; 7(-5-):560-565. >>> Leptin, recomb. mouse; SC; Mice; 1002; 4 weeks; Replacement therapy (leptin-deficient mice); pumps replaced after 14 days; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (ob/ob, db/db, wt, 2-3 months old, 12-13 months); obesity.

P8783 Guo,Z.H., Jiang,H.Y., Xu,X.R., Duan,W.Z., Mattson,M.P. Leptin-mediated cell survival signaling in hippocampal neurons mediated by JAK STAT3 and mitochondrial stabilization. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2008; 283(-3-):1754-1763. >>> Leptin; PBS; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1007D; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit 3 used; peptides; animal info (male, C57BL/6, 3 months old); neurodegenerative.

P8775 Roa,J., Vigo,E., Garcia-Galiano,D., Castellano,J.M., Navarro,V.M., Pineda,R., Dieguez,C., Aguilar,E., Pinilla,L., Tena-Sempere,M. Desensitization of gonadotropin responses to kisspeptin in the female rat: analyses of LH and FSH secretion at different developmental and metabolic states. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2008; 294(-6-):E1088-E1096. >>> Kisspeptin-10; Leptin; Saline, physiological; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by response duration and examination; stability verified by persistent FSH response; peptide; animal info (female, Wistar, 205-275 g., adult, 110-120g., 30 days old).

P8753 Koch,L., Wunderlich,F.T., Seibler,J., Konner,A.C., Hampel,B., Irlenbusch,S., Brabant,G., Kahn,C.R., Schwenk,F., Bruening,J.C. Central insulin action regulates peripheral glucose and fat metabolism in mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2008; 118(-6-):2132-2147. >>> Leptin; insulin; SC; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1002; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum leptin levels; ALZET brain infusion kit 3 used; peptides; cyanoacrylate adhesive; animal info (C57BL/6, wt, IR-d-wb, 10-14 wks old); cannula position confirmed post mortem with methylene blue.

P8700 Hindlet,P., Bado,A., Farinotti,R., Buyse,M. Long-term effect of leptin on H+ -coupled peptide cotransporter 1 activity and expression in vivo: Evidence in leptin-deficient mice. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2007; 323(-1-):192-201. >>> Leptin, recomb.; PBS; SC; Rat; mice; 1007D; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma leptin levels; peptides; animal info (male, Wistar, 250-275g; male, C57BL/6J, wt, ob/ob, 7 wks old).

P8686 Harris,R.B.S., Bartness,T.J., Grill,H.J. Leptin responsiveness in chronically decerebrate rats. Endocrinology 2007; 148(-10-):4623-4633. >>> Leptin; PBS; IP; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum levels; dose-response (fig. 3A); peptides; animal info (Sprague-Dawley, male, 275-300g, chronically decerebrate); endocrinology.

P8678 Gallardo,N., Bonzon-Kulichenko,E., Fernandez-Agullo,T., Molto,E., Gomez-Alonso,S., Blanco,P., Carrascosa,J.M., Ros,M., Andres,A. Tissue-specific effects of central leptin on the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in liver and white adipose tissue. Endocrinology 2007; 148(-12-):5604-5610. >>> Leptin; PBS; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; peptides; animal info (3 months old, Wistar, male); endocrinology.

P8599 Stocker,C.J., Wargent,E., O'Dowd,J., Cornick,C., Speakman,J.R., Arch,J.R.S., Cawthorne,M.A. Prevention of diet-induced obesity and impaired glucose tolerance in rats following administration of leptin to their mothers. American Journal of Physiology- Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2007; 292(-5-):R1810-R1818. >>> Leptin, rat; Saline, physiological; SC; Rat (pregnant); 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma leptin concentration; teratology; peptides; animal info (female, Wistar, 200-225 grams, gestational day 14).

P8586 Scarpace,P.J., Matheny,M., Zhang,Y., Cheng,K.Y., Tumer,N. Leptin antagonist reveals an uncoupling between leptin receptor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling and metabolic responses with central leptin resistance. J Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 2007/2; 320(-2-):706-712. >>> Leptin antagonist; NaHCO3; CSF/CNS; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of ICV injections vs. mp; peptides; animal info (male, F344xBN, 3 months old, 275-375 grams).

P8580 Harris,R.B., Mitchell,T.D., Kelso,E.W., Flatt,W.P. Changes in environmental temperature influence leptin responsiveness in low- and high-fat-fed mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007/7; 293(-1-):R106-R115. >>> Leptin, recomb. mouse; IP; Mice; 1002; 13 days; Controls received mp w/ PBS; peptides; animal info (male, C57BL/6, 15 weeks old, 25-20 grams).

P8572 Surwit,R.S., Edwards,C.L., Murthy,S., Petro,A.E. Transient effects of long-term leptin supplementation in the prevention of diet-induced obesity in mice. Diabetes 2000; 49(-7-):1203-1208. >>> Leptin, recomb. mouse; SC; Mice; 2004; 12 weeks; Controls received mp w/ PBS; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels and residual volume; long-term study; pumps replaced every 4 weeks; no stress (see pg. 1205); peptides; animal info (male, C57BL/6J, B6, A/J, 20 grams); obesity.

P8560 Plum,L., Rother,E., Muenzberg,H., Wunderlich,F.T., Morgan,D.A., Hampel,B., Shanabrough,M., Janoschek,R., Koenner,A.C., Alber,J., Suzuki,A., Krone,W., Horvath,T.L., Rahmouni,K., Bruening,J.C. Enhanced leptin-stimulated Pi3k activation in the CNS promotes white adipose tissue transdifferentiation. Cell Metabolism 2007; 6(-6-):431-445. >>> Leptin; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1002; 2 weeks; Peptides; animal info (male).

P8495 Turner,S.M., Roy,S., Sul,H.S., Neese,R.A., Murphy,E.J., Samandi,W., Roohk,D.J., Hellerstein,M.K. Dissociation between adipose tissue fluxes and lipogenic gene expression in ob/ob mice. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2007; 292(-4-):E1101-E1109. >>> Leptin, recomb. murine; SC; Mice; 28 days; Leptin plasma levels taken; peptides; obesity; animal info (6-7 weeks old, female, C57BL/6J); endocrinology.

P8490 Scherbarth,F., Rozman,J., Klingenspor,M., Brabant,G., Steinlechner,S. Wheel running affects seasonal acclimatization of physiological and morphological traits in the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus). American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2007; 293(-3-):R1368-R1375. >>> Leptin, recomb. mouse; HCL; SC; Hamster; 1007D; 14 days; Pumps replaced every seven days; peptides; animal info (5-7 month old, M&F).

P8471 Fewlass,D.C., Noboa,K., Pi-Sunyer,F.X., Johnston,J.M., Yan,S.D., Tezapsidis,N. Obesity-related leptin regulates Alzheimer's A beta. FASEB J. 2004/12; 18(-15-):1870-1878. >>> Leptin, recomb. mouse; PBS; SC; Mice (transgenic); 2004; 4,8; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study; pumps replaced after 4 weeks; peptides; post op. care (lidocaine); neurodegenerative(Alzheimer's disease); animal info (male, female, Tg2576 APPswe, C57BL/6 wt, 10 wks old, 32 wks old); obesity.

P8468 Abe,Y., Ono,K., Kawamura,T., Wada,H., Kita,T., Shimatsu,A., Hasegawa,K. Leptin induces elongation of cardiac myocytes and causes eccentric left ventricular dilatation with compensation. Am.J.Physiol Heart Circ.Physiol 2007/5; 292(-5-):H2387-H2396. >>> Leptin, recomb. mouse; SC; Mice; 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ sterile PBS; no stress (see pg H2395); cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (C57/BL6, 12 wks old, MI coronary artery ligation); ischemia (cardiac).

P8390 Johnston,R.A., Theman,T.A., Terry,R.D., Williams,E.S., Shore,S.A. Pulmonary responses to acute ozone exposure in fasted mice: effect of leptin administration. Journal of Applied Physiology 2007; 102(-1-):149-156. >>> Leptin, recomb. mouse; PBS; HCR; NaOH; SC; Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum leptin concentration; peptides; post op. care (buprenorphine hydrochloride); animal info (male, C57BL/6J, 8 wks old).

P8351 Verlaeten,O., Casery,C., Cavagna,S., Navilie,D., Giraudon,P., Belin,M.F., Begeot,M., Bernard,A. Identification of Urop11, a novel leptin-modulated gene that is upregulated in the hypothalamus of mice with virus-induced obesity. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 2007; 38(-1-2-):3-17. >>> Leptin; PBS; SC; Mice; 1 week; Peptides; animal info (male, C57BL/6J, control or HFD obese, CDV infected).

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8. Leptin (2008-2011)

Q0862 Bonzon-Kulichenko,E., Fernandez-Agullo,T., Molto,E., Serrano,R., Fernandez,A., Ros,M., Carrascosa,J.M., Arribas,C., Martinez,C., Andres,A., Gallardo,N. Regulation of Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Rat White Adipose Tissue upon Chronic Central Leptin Infusion: Effects on Adiposity. Endocrinology 2011; 152(-4-):1366-1377. >>> Leptin, rat; PBS; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Wistar, 3-mo old); peptides.

Q0662 German,J.P., Thaler,J.P., Wisse,B.E., Oh,I., Sarruf,D.A., Matsen,M.E., Fischer,J.D., Taborsky,GJ Jr, Schwartz,M.W., Morton,G.J. Leptin Activates a Novel CNS Mechanism for Insulin-Independent Normalization of Severe Diabetic Hyperglycemia. Endocrinology 2011; 152(-2-):394-404. >>> Leptin; PBS; CSF/CNS; Rat; 11 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (adult, male, Wistar); peptides; pump implanted following 7-day recovery period after cannula insertion.

Q0884 Mendoza,J., Lopez-Lopez,C., Revel,F.G., Jeanneau,K., Delerue,F., Prinssen,E., Challet,E., Moreau,J.L., Grundschober,C. Dimorphic Effects of Leptin on the Circadian and Hypocretinergic Systems of Mice. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2011; 23(-1-):28-38. >>> Leptin; NaCl; SC; Mice; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, female, C57BL/6, 23 g).

Q0085 Knight,Z.A., Hannan,K.S., Greenberg,M.L., Friedman,J.M. Hyperleptinemia Is Required for the Development of Leptin Resistance. PLoS One 2010; 5(-6-):U248-U255. >>> Leptin, recomb.; PBS; SC; Mice; 1004; 2002; 2004; 20 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study; pumps replaced every 4 weeks, or 12 days; animal info (male, ob/ob C57BL/6J, 4 wks old); functionality of mp verified by plasma leptin levels; "We found, consistent with previous studies, that leptin replacement in ob/ob animals is sufficient to normalize their body weight and other physiologic abnormalities, and furthermore that this normalization can be maintained for 6 months by replacing the pumps monthly." pg. e11377; obesity.

Q0747 Wang,W.F., Baghdoyan,H.A., Lydic,R. Leptin Replacement Restores Supraspinal Cholinergic Antinociception in Leptin-Deficient Obese Mice. JOURNAL OF PAIN 2009; 10(-8-):836-843. >>> Leptin; Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Animal info (adult, male, B6, obese); functionality of mp verified by leptin ELISA kit; obesity.

R0247 Fernstrom,J.D., Choi,S. The development of tolerance to drugs that suppress food intake. PHARMACOLOGY&THERAPEUTICS 2008; 117(-1-):105-122. >>> Fenfluramine; leptin; melanotan II; CSF, artificial; PBS; SC; CSF/CNS; Rat; 8 weeks; 7, 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 5); pumps replaced; tolerance; peptides; animal info (male, obese); endocrinology; review, see p. 108-110.

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9. Melanin-Concentrating Hormone

P9273 Ito,M., Gomori,A., Suzuki,J., Tsujioka,S., Sasaki,M., Matsuda,M., Bednarek,M.A., Ito,M., Ishihara,A., Iwaasa,H., MacNeil,D.J., Kanatani,A. Antagonism of central melanin-concentrating hormone 1 receptor alleviates steatohepatitis in mice. Journal of Endocrinology 2008; 198(-2-):309-315. >>> Melanin-concentrating hormone 1, receptor antagonist; Water, distilled; propylene glycol; CSF/CNS; Mice; 2004; 4, 8 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study; pumps replaced after 2 or 4 weeks; no stress (see pg. 311, 314); ALZET brain infusion kit used; peptides; post op. care (Cefamezin); animal info (male, C57BL/6, 10 wks old, 16 wks old, 1 year old); animals received mp w/vehicle for 2 or 4 weeks, then mp with agent or vehicle for 2 or 4 more weeks; dental cement used; cannula placement confirmed at end of experiment with Evans blue dye.

P8513 Gomori,A., Ishihara,A., Ito,M., Matsushita,H., Ito,M., Mashiko,S., Iwaasa,H., Matsuda,M., Bednarek,M.A., Qian,S., MacNeil,D.J., Kanatani,A. Blockade of MCH1 receptor signalling ameliorates obesity and related hepatic steatosis in ovariectomized mice. Br.J.Pharmacol. 2007/7; 151(-6-):900-908. >>> Melanin-concentrating hormone 1, receptor antagonist; Propylene glycol; water, distilled; CSF/CNS; Mice; 2004; 8 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study; pumps replaced after 4 weeks of vehicle delivery; ALZET brain infusion kit used; post op. care (cefamezin-a); animal info (female, C57BL/6J, 12 weeks old, female Mch1r KD, 14-16 weeks old, 22 g); cannula placement confirmed with Evans Blue dye; obesity.

P8300 Messina,M.M., Overton,J.M. Cardiovascular effects of melanin-concentrating hormone. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 2007; 139(-1-3-):23-30. >>> Melanin-concentrating hormone; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1002; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); comparison of acute icv infusion vs. mp; peptides; post op. care (Bupivacaine); animal info (male, Long-Evans, 330g.).

P7245 Mashiko,S., Ishihara,A., Gomori,A., Moriya,R., Ito,M., Iwaasa,H., Matsuda,M., Feng,Y., Shen,Z., Marsh,D.J., Bednarek,M.A., MacNeil,D.J., Kanatani,A. Antiobesity effect of a melanin-concentrating hormone 1 receptor antagonist in diet-induced obese mice. Endocrinology 2005; 146(-7-):3080-3086. >>> Melanin-concentrating hormone 1 receptor antagonist; Propylene glycol; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); Mice; 1007D; 2002; 2004; 3, 8 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study; pumps replaced after 1 or 4 weeks of vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit used; peptides; cyanoacrylate adhesive; post op. care (cefamedin); DEXA; cannula placement confirmed by Evans blue dye injection; animal info (C57BL/6); pumps used in lateral ventricle for one group of animals, and third ventricle for others. Third ventricle group used Plastics One cannulae.

P6233 Shearman,L.P., Camacho,R.E., Stribling,D.S., Zhou,D., Bednarek,M.A., Hreniuk,D.L., Feighner,S.D., Tan,C.P., Howard,A.D., Van der Ploeg,L.H.T., MacIntyre,D.E., Hickey,G.J., Strack,A.M. Chronic MCH-1 receptor modulation alters appetite, body weight and adiposity in rats. European Journal of Pharmacology 2003; 475(-1-3-):37-47. >>> Neuropeptide Y, rat; melanin-concentrating hormone-1, receptor agonist; melanin-concentrating hormone-1, receptor antagonist; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 5); peptides; post op. care (antisedan); pump model incorrectly given as 2001 (p. 39); based on flow rate (.5 ul/hr) and duration (14 days) is actually model 2002 (p. 39).

P5605 Gomori,A., Ishihara,A., Ito,M., Mashiko,S., Matsushita,H., Yumoto,M., Ito,M., Tanaka,T., Tokita,S., Moriya,M., Iwaasa,H., Kanatani,A. Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of MCH causes obesity in mice. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2003; 284(-3-):E583-E588. >>> Melanin-concentrating hormone; Propylene glycol; CSF/CNS; Mice; 2001; 14 days; Controls received mp/ w vehicle; peptides; ALZET brain infusion kit used; 1st pump with vehicle only to allow for recovery (7-14 days), then the pump was replaced for MCH infusion; obesity.

P5509 Della-Zuana,O., Presse,F., Ortola,C., Duhault,J., Nahon,J.L., Levens,N. Acute and chronic administration of melanin-concentrating hormone enhances food intake and body weight in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats. International Journal of Obesity 2002; 26(-10-):1289-1295. >>> Melanin-concentrating hormone; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 12 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; ALZET brain infusion kit used; cannula placement verified following injection of Evans blue dye.

P5066 Marsh,D.J., Weingarth,D.T., Novi,D.E., Chen,H.Y., Trumbauer,M.E. Melanin-concentrating hormone 1 receptor-deficient mice are lean, hyperactive, and hyperphagic and have altered metabolism. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES O F AMERICA 2002; 99(-5-):3240-3245. >>> Melanin-concentrating hormone; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); mice; 6 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of ICV injections vs mp; peptides; cannula patency verified via cresyl violet staining; mice received vehicle pumps for 6 days; pump model not indicated; pumps used had release rate of 0.5 ul/hr..

P3682 Levy,A., Baker,B.I. Penetration of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides into rainbow trout brain in vivo. A technique for chronic infusion of substances into the brain of free-living adult fish. J.Fish Bio. 1997; 50(--):691-702. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate; Melanin-concentrating hormone; Lipofectin; Dye, xylene cyanole; Saline; BSA; Radio-isotopes; CSF/CNS; fish (rainbow trout); 2001; no duration posted; controls received mp w/ saline&BSA; good methods; "No problems with pump patency were encountered, and the contents of the pump diffused consistently throughout the brain ventricular system...", p. 691; pump encased in dialysis tubing bag.

P0985 Baker,B.I., Bird,D.J., Buckingham,J.C. Effects of chronic administration of melanin-concentrating hormone on corticotrophin, melanotrophin, and pigmentation in the trout. Gen.Comp.Endocrinol. 1986; 63(--):62-69. >>> Melanin-concentrating hormone; Albumin, bovine serum; Saline; IP; fish; 2001; no duration posted; 2001, controls received mp w/vehicle or sham operated; mps primed in saline prior to implant; stability of MCH verified.

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10. Melanotan

P8659 Strader,A.D., Shi,H., Ogawa,R., Seeley,R.J., Reizes,O. The effects of the melanocortin agonist (MT-II) on subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in rodents. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2007; 322(-3-):1153-1161. >>> Melanotan-II; PBS; SC; Rat; mice; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; MRI; animal info (male, Long Evans, 225-250g; male, C57BL/6J, 5 wks old); Melanocortin receptor agonist.

P7055 Li,G., Zhang,Y., Wilsey,J.T., Scarpace,P.J. Unabated anorexic and enhanced thermogenic responses to melanotan II in diet-induced obese rats despite reduced melanocortin 3 and 4 receptor expression. Journal of Endocrinology 2004; 182(-1-):123-132. >>> Leptin, recomb. mouse; melanotan II; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit 2 used.

P6877 Zhang,Y., Matheny,M., Tuemer,N., Scarpace,P.J. Aged-obese rats exhibit robust responses to a melanocortin agonist and antagonist despite leptin resistance. NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 2004; 25(-10-):1349-1360. >>> Melanotan II; SHU-9119; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 14,21 days; pumps replaced after 7 days; all animals received an initial 7 day aCSF infusion.

P6874 Banno,R., Arima,H., Sato,I., Hayashi,M., Goto,M., Sugimura,Y., Murase,T., Oiso,Y. The melanocortin agonist melanotan II increases insulin sensitivity in OLETF rats. Peptides 2004; 25(-8-):1279-1286. >>> Melanotan II; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 25 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle.

P6066 Scarpace,P.J., Matheny,M., Zolotukhin,S., Tumer,N., Zhang,Y. Leptin-induced leptin resistant rats exhibit enhanced responses to the melanocortin agonist MT II. Neuropharmacology 2003; 45(-2-):211-219. >>> Leptin; melanotan II; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; leptin plasma levels taken; ALZET brain infusion kit used; obesity; melanotan II (MT II) is a melanocortin receptor agonist; leptin was infused for 7 days, then the pump was replaced with MTII for another 7 days; pump model was not listed.

P5852 Raposinho,P.D., White,R.B., Aubert,M.L. The melanocortin agonist Melanotan-II reduces the orexigenic and adipogenic effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) but does not affect the NPY-driven suppressive effects on the gonadotropic and somatotropic axes in the male rat. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2003; 15(-2-):173-181. >>> Melanotan-II; Neuropeptide Y; PBS; Ascorbic Acid; BSA; CSF/CNS; Rat; 7 days; Peptides; Melanotan II or MTII (a melanocortin receptor agonist)&neuropeptide were dissolved in PBS, 0.01% ascorbic acid, 0.1% bovine serum albumin adjusted to ph 7.4; pump model not listed.

P5252 Lindblom,J., Kask,A., Hagg,E., Harmark,L., Bergstrom,L., Wikberg,J. Chronic infusion of a melanocortin receptor agonist modulates dopamine receptor binding in the rat brain. Pharmacol Res 2002/2; 45(-2-):119-124. >>> Melanotan-II; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; good methods (p.120); ALZET brain infusion kit used; Melanotan-II is a melanocortin receptor agonist.

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11. Neuropeptide Y

Q0659 Tsai,Y.J., Lin,C.T., Huang,C.T., Wang,H.Y., Tien,L.T., Chen,S.H., Lue,J.H. Neuropeptide Y Modulates c-Fos Protein Expression in the Cuneate Nucleus and Contributes to Mechanical Hypersensitivity following Rat Median Nerve Injury. Journal of Neurotrauma 2009; 26(-9-):1609-1621. >>> Neuropeptide Y, neuropeptide y antagonist; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 180-250 g); functionality of mp verified by residual volume.

P9847 Moriya,R., Mashiko,S., Ishihara,A., Takahashi,T., Murai,T., Ito,J., Mitobe,Y., Oda,Z., Iwaasa,H., Takehiro,F., Kanatani,A. Comparison of independent and combined chronic anti-obese effects of NPY Y2 receptor agonist, PYY(3-36), and NPY Y5 receptor antagonist in diet-induced obese mice. Peptides 2009; 30(-7-):1318-1322. >>> Neuropeptide Y, D-Trp34; peptide YY (3-36); Saline; BSA; CSF/CNS; Mice; 2001; 2002; 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced after 2 weeks; peptides; animal info (C57BL/6, 12-18 wks old); PBS/BSA in 2002 pump was replaced with NPP in 2001 after 2 week recovery period; obesity.

P9660 Rose,J.B., Crews,L., Rockenstein,E., Adame,A., Mante,M., Hersh,L.B., Gage,F.H., Spencer,B., Potkar,R., Marr,R.A., Masliah,E. Neuropeptide Y Fragments Derived from Neprilysin Processing Are Neuroprotective in a Transgenic Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Journal of Neuroscience 2009; 29(-4-):1115-1125. >>> Neuropeptide Y, c-terminal fragments amidated; Neuropeptide Y, c-terminal fragments non-amidated; DSMO; NaCl; CSF/CNS; Mice; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; animal info (NEP, APP, doubt tg. 6mo); 10% DMSO used.

P8684 Fuezesi,T., Wittmann,G., Liposits,Z., Lechan,R.M., Fekete,C. Contribution of noradrenergic and adrenergic cell groups of the Brainstem and agouti-related protein-synthesizing neurons of the arcuate nucleus to neuropeptide-y innervation of corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in hypothalamic Paraventricular nucleus of the rat. Endocrinology 2007; 148(-11-):5442-5450. >>> Neuropeptide Y; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; post op. care (bacitracin ointment over skull); animal info (Sprague-Dawley, male, 280-320g); 22-gauge stainless steel guide cannula, Plastics One.

P8515 Ishii,T., Muranaka,R., Tashiro,O., Nishimura,M. Chronic intracerebroventricular administration of anti-neuropeptide Y antibody stimulates starvation-induced feeding via compensatory responses in the hypothalamus. Brain Research 2007; 1144(--):91-100. >>> Antibody, rabbit, anti-neuropeptide Y; Saline; CSF/CNS; Mice; 2002; 13 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of ICV injections vs. mp; ALZET brain infusion kit 3 used; animal info (male, ddy, 7 weeks old, 35-40 g).

P8089 Gebhard,C., Petroktistis,F., Zhang,H., Kammerer,D., Koehle,C., Klingel,K., Albinus,M., Gleiter,C.H., Osswald,H., Grenz,A. Role of renal nerves and salt intake on erythropoietin secretion in rats following carbon monoxide exposure. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2006; 319(-1-):111-116. >>> Isoproterenol; neuropeptide Y, [Leu31, Pro34]-; neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonist; IV (jugular); Rat; 1003D; 16 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; half-life (p.115) "short" for isoproterenol; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-320g.).

P7706 Mashiko,S., Ishihara,A., Iwaasa,H., Sano,H., Oda,Z., Ito,J., Yumoto,M., Okawa,M., Suzuki,J., Fukuroda,T., Jitsuoka,M., Morin,N.R., MacNeil,D.J., Van der Ploeg,L.H., Ihara,M., Fukami,T., Kanatani,A. Characterization of neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y5 receptor-mediated obesity in mice: chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of D-Trp34NPY. Endocrinology 2003/5; 144(-5-):1793-1801. >>> Neuropeptide Y, D-Trp34; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS; Mice; 2001; 2002; 13-21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); pumps replaced after 7-14 days; ALZET Brain Infusion kit used; peptides; post op. care (cefamedin); animal info (C57BL/6J, 9-12 weeks old, male); cannula placement confirmed by Evans blue dye injection.

P7215 Michalkiewicz,M., Zhao,G.Q., Jia,Z., Michalkiewicz,T., Racadio,M.J. Central neuropeptide Y signaling ameliorates N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hypertension in the rat through a Y1 receptor mechanism. Hypertension 2005; 45(-4-):780-785. >>> Neuropeptide Y, synthetic rat; BIBP3226; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cardiovascular; antihypertensive; peptides; cannula placement confirmed by methylene blue staining; "This approach (mp) allowed us to assess the role of endogenous NPY in long-term control of BP under experimental conditions that excluded complications associated with anesthesia, restraint, and short-term drug administration." (p. 782); neuropeptide Y, Y1 receptor antagonist.

P6952 Henry,M., Ghibaudi,L., Gao,J., Hwa,J.J. Energy metabolic profile of mice after chronic activation of central NPY Y1, Y2, or Y5 receptors. Obesity Research 2005; 13(-1-):36-47. >>> Neuropeptide Y; Y1 agonist; Y5 agonist; Saline; water; ascorbic acid; CSF/CNS; Mice; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; mice received a two week recovery period; guide cannula used and secured with tissue adhesive; animal info (6 week old, C57BL/6, 25-30 grams).

P6495 Raposinho,P.D., Pedrazzini,T., White,R.B., Palmiter,R.D., Aubert,M.L. Chronic neuropeptide Y infusion into the lateral ventricle induces sustained feeding and obesity in mice lacking either Npy1r or Npy5r expression. Endocrinology 2004; 145(-1-):304-310. >>> Neuropeptide Y, porcine; Phosphate buffer; sodium chloride; ascorbic acid; BSA; CSF/CNS; Mice; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg.305) initial weight loss from surgery/anesthesia; ALZET brain infusion kit 2 used; peptides; cyanoacrylate adhesive (Loctite 454).

P6193 Fekete,C., Sarkar,S., Rand,W.M., Harney,J.W., Emerson,C.H., Bianco,A.C., Beck-Sickinger,A., Lechan,R.M. Neuropeptide Y1 and Y5 receptors mediate the effects of neuropeptide Y on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Endocrinology 2002; 143(-12-):4513-4519. >>> Neuropeptide Y; neuropeptide Y, receptor agonist; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; endocrinology.

P6110 Takahashi,K., Mizuarai,S., Araki,H., Mashiko,S., Ishihara,A., Kanatani,A., Itadani,H., Kotani,H. Adiposity elevates plasma MCP-1 levels leading to the increased CD11b-positive monocytes in mice. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2003; 278(-47-):46654-46660. >>> Neuropeptide Y; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; PBS; BSA; CSF/CNS; Mice; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; mcp-1 plasma levels taken; ALZET brain infusion kit used; peptides; obesity; 7-14 day recovery period after surgery; pumps filled with PBS during recovery; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is also known as MCP-1.

P5254 Toufexis,D.J., Yorozu,S., Woodside,B. Y1 receptor activation is involved in the effect of exogenous neuropeptide Y on pup growth and the early termination of lactational diestrus in the postpartum rat. J Neuroendocrinol. 2002/5; 14(-5-):354-360. >>> Neuropeptide Y; 1229U91; Neuropeptide Y, receptor agonist; Ascorbic acid; Phosphate buffer; NaCl; BSA; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; cannua placement verified manually by locating the tip postmortem; 1229U91 is a mixed Y1 antagonist/Y4 agonist.

P5234 Correia,M.L., Morgan,D.A., Sivitz,W.I., Mark,A.L., Haynes,W.G. Hemodynamic consequences of neuropeptide Y-induced obesity. Am.J Hypertens 2002/2; 15(-2 Pt 1-):137-142. >>> Neuropeptide Y; Saline; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); Rat; 2004; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; Peptides: cannula placement verified by methylene blue staining; one-week recovery period.

P5015 Kramer,A., Yang,F.C., Snodgrass,P., Li,X., Scammell,T.E., Davis,F.C., Weitz,C.J. Regulation of daily locomotor activity and sleep by hypothalamic EGF receptor signaling. Science 2001/12/21; 294(-5551-):2511-2515. >>> Transforming growth factor-a; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide; Peptide, histidine-isoleucine; Gastrin releasing peptide; Substance P; Neuromedin-C; Neurokinin A; Neuropeptide K; Neuropeptide Y; Somatostatin; Antrin; Cholecystokinin; Thyrotropin-releasing hormone; Neurotensin; Neuromedin N;; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); hamster; 2002; 18-22 days; peptides.

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12. Peptide YY

P9457 Unniappan,S., Speck,M., Kieffer,T.J. Metabolic effects of chronic obestatin infusion in rats. Peptides 2008; 29(-8-):1354-1361. >>> Obestatin; peptide YY (3-36); Saline; SC; Rat; mice; 2001D; 2ML1; 7 days; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); peptides; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200-225 g.).

P8987 Batterham,R.L., Heffron,H., Kapoor,S., Chivers,J.E., Chandarana,K., Herzog,H., Le Roux,C.W., Thomas,E.L., Bell,J.D., Withers,D.J. Critical role for peptide YY in protein-mediated satiation and body-weight regulation. Cell Metabolism 2006; 4(-3-):223-233. >>> Peptide YY (3-36); PBS; SC; Mice; 2004; 3 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (Pyy null); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; peptides; animal info (C57BL/6, 12 wks old, wt, Pyy -/-, male; 22 wks old, 30-40 g.).

P8688 Roth,J.D., Coffey,T., Jodka,C.M., Maier,H., Athanacio,J.R., Mack,C.M., Weyer,C., Parkes,D.G. Combination therapy with amylin and peptide YY[3-36] in obese rodents: Anorexigenic synergy and weight loss additivity. Endocrinology 2007; 148(-12-):6054-6061. >>> Amylin; peptide YY (3-36), human; DMSO; SC; Rat; mice; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; dose-response (fig. 2, p. 6057); peptides; animal info (rats, DIO prone; mice, DIO, C57BL/6J); 50% DMSO in water.

P8299 Cruze,C.A., Su,F., Limberg,B.J., Deutsch,A.J., Stoffolano,P.J., Dai,H.J., Buchanan,D.D., Yang,H.T., Terjung,R.L., Spruell,R.D., Mittelstadt,S.W., Rosenbaum,J.S. The Y2 receptor mediates increases in collateral-dependent blood flow in a model of peripheral arterial insufficiency. Peptides 2007; 28(-2-):269-280. >>> Peptide YY, recomb. human; peptide YY (3-36), recomb. human; vascular endothelial growth factor 165; PBS; glycerol; sodium citrate; Tween 20; IA (iliac); Rat; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (femoral artery occlusion); dose-response (fig. 4); half-lfie (p. 276)<30 minutes; cardiovascular; peptides; ischemia (hindlimb); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 325-350 grams).

P8292 van den Hoek,A.M., Heijboer,A.C., Voshol,P.J., Havekes,L.M., Romijn,J.A., Corssmit,E.P.M., Pijl,H. Chronic PYY3-36 treatment promotes fat oxidation and ameliorates insulin resistance in C57BL6 mice. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2007; 292(-1-):E238-E245. >>> Peptide YY (3-36); Saline; SC; Mice; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; plasma levels taken; comparison of bolus injection vs. mp; animal info (C57BL/6, male, 3 months old, 35 grams); diabetes; gut hormone.

P8015 Vrang,N., Madsen,A.N., Tang-Christensen,M., Hansen,G., Larsen,P.J. PYY(3-36) reduces food intake and body weight and improves insulin sensitivity in rodent models of diet-induced obesity. Am.J.Physiol Regul.Integr.Comp Physiol 2006/8; 291(-2-):R367-R375. >>> Peptide YY (3-36); Saline, isotonic; SC; Mice; rat; 2004; 2ML4; 28 days; Stability verified by in vitro test, degradation was<0.5%/day; peptides; animal info (C57BL/6, DIO and rats, Wistar and Sprague-Dawley); gut hormone; SC administration of PYY (3-36) for 28 days reduced body weight and improved glycemic control.

P7952 Unniappan,S., McIntosh,C.H.S., Demuth,H.U., Heiser,U., Wolf,R., Kieffer,T.J. Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase IV on the satiety actions of peptide YY. Diabetologia 2006; 49(-8-):1915-1923. >>> Peptide YY (3-36), rat; peptide YY (1-36), human; peptide YY (1-36), rat; Saline; SC; Rat; 2001D; 2ML2; 6 days; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 1919); animal info (Fischer 344, 200-225 grams).

P7943 Tung,Y.C.L., Hewson,A.K., Carter,R.N., Dickson,S.L. Central responsiveness to a ghrelin mimetic (GHRP-6) is rapidly altered by acute changes in nutritional status in rats. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2005; 17(-6-):387-393. >>> Peptide YY (3-36), recomb. human; Saline; IP; Rat; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (adult, male, Wistar, 200-250 grams).

P7687 Adams,S.H., Lei,C.L., Jodka,C.M., Nikoulina,S.E., Hoyt,J.A., Gedulin,B., Mack,C.M., Kendall,E.S. PYY[3-36] administration decreases the respiratory quotient and reduces adiposity in diet-induced obese mice. Journal of Nutrition 2006; 136(-1-):195-201. >>> Peptide YY (3-36); Water; DMSO; SC; Mice; 1003D; 2001; 2004; 3,7,28 days; Animal info (obese, male, C57BL/6J); obesity; gut derived hormone; 50% DMSO used.

P7540 Babu,M., Purhonen,A.K., Bansiewicz,T., Maekelae,K., Walkowiak,J., Miettinen,P., Herzig,K.H. Effect of total colectomy and PYY infusion on food intake and body weight in rats. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 2005; 131(-1-3-):29-33. >>> Peptide YY (3-36); PBS; IV (jugular); Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (proctocolectomy); no stress (see pg. 31-32) "no signs of stress... were found at any time during our studies"; peptides; post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (male, Wistar 300-395 g); "we chose continuous infusion from subcutaneous implanted mini pumps to mimic physiological conditions and minimize stress caused by interperitoneal injections of the peptide." (p. 32).

P7429 Grise,K.R., McFadden,D.W. Peptide YY improves local and systemic parameters and prevents death in lethal necrotizing pancreatitis. Pancreas 2002/1; 24(-1-):90-95. >>> Peptide YY; SC; Mice; 3,4,6 days; 24,48 hours; Controls received mp w/ normal saline; peptides.

P6794 Pittner,R.A., Moore,C.X., Bhavsar,S.P., Gedulin,B.R., Smith,P.A., Jodka,C.M., Parkes,D.G., Paterniti,J.R., Srivastava,V.P., Young,A.A. Effects of PYY[3-36] in rodent models of diabetes and obesity. International Journal of Obesity 2004; 28(-8-):963-971. >>> Peptide YY (3-36); PBS; SC; Rat; mice; 2004; 2ML4; 4, 8 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; long-term study; pumps replaced after 4 weeks; diabetes; obesity; peptide.

P4082 Liu,C.D., Slice,L.W., Balasubramaniam,A., Walsh,J.H., Newton,T.R., Saxton,R.E., McFadden,D.W. Y2 receptors decrease human pancreatic cancer growth and intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels. Surgery 1995; 118(--):229-236. >>> Peptide YY; BIM-43004-1; mice (nude); 2,3,4 weeks; controls received mp w/saline; cancer; peptide YY is an enteric hormone; BIM-43004-1 is a modified PYY (22-36) Y2 receptor agonist; peptides.

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“The infusion treatment using implanted ALZET-type osmotic mini-pumps proved to be superior to both S.C. and I.V. infusion applied twice a day for 2 weeks.” (p. 586) Szende et al., Anti-Cancer Drugs 2003;14:585-588.

ALZET® Osmotic Pumps - Research Applications.

Recent References on the Study of Obesity, Appetite & Satiety
Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

1. Agouti-related Protein

2. CART (55-102)

3. Corticotropin-Releasing Factor

4. Dexfenfluramine

5. Ghrelin

6. Glucagon-like Peptide-1

7. Leptin

8. Leptin (2008-2011)

9. Melanin-Concentrating Hormone

10. Melanotan

11. Neuropeptide Y

12. Peptide YY

Looking for references? We can help!

Researchers are saying ...

ALZET Customer Service-

ALZET® Osmotic Pumps - Research Applications.

Recent References on the Study of Obesity, Appetite & Satiety Using ALZET® Osmotic Pumps

1. Agouti-related Protein

2. CART (55-102)

3. Corticotropin-Releasing Factor

4. Dexfenfluramine

5. Ghrelin

6. Glucagon-like Peptide-1

7. Leptin

8. Leptin (2008-2011)

9. Melanin-Concentrating Hormone

10. Melanotan

11. Neuropeptide Y

12. Peptide YY

Looking for references? We can help!

Researchers are saying ...

ALZET Customer Service-

Recent References on the Study of Obesity, Appetite & Satiety
Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps