References on Pain Research Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

T0009 Kistler,P. Zur schmerzbekampfung im tierversuch: Eine studie zur wahl geeigneter analgetika fur die schmerzbekampfung bei versuchstieren. Dissertation, Universitat Bern, Zurich 1988; (--):-. >>> D16949; Flupirtine; Tramadol; Buprenorphine; Nalbuphine; SC; mice; rat; 2-7 weeks; German with English abstract (p. 7), pump cross-section and dimensions (pg. 94).

R0132 Yaksh,T.L. Tolerance: factors involved in changes in the dose-effect relationship with chronic drug exposure. In 'Towards a new pharmacotherapy of pain', A.I.Basbaum&J.-M.Besson (eds), John Wiley&Sons Ltd 1991; (--):-. >>> Morphine; Sufentanil; Enkephalin; Saline; IV; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); CSF/CNS; rat; 7 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; dose-response (p. 163); tolerance; pain; reference of mp pump study on pp. 162-164.

P9183 Wilson-Gerwing,T.D., Stucky,C.L., McComb,G.W., Verge,V.M.K. Neurotrophin-3 significantly reduces sodium channel expression linked to neuropathic pain states. Experimental Neurology 2008; 213(-2-):303-314. >>> NT-3; PBS; albumin, serum; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (male, Wistar, young adult, 250-300 g.).

P9164 Sud,R., Spengler,R.N., Nader,N.D., Ignatowski,T.A. Antinociception occurs with a reversal in alpha2-adrenoceptor regulation of TNF production by peripheral monocytes/macrophages from pro- to anti-inflammatory. European Journal of Pharmacology 2008; 588(-2-3-):217-231. >>> Tumor necrosis factor, recomb. rat; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit used; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200-300 g.); gentamycin was added to the aCSF to prevent bacterial growth; rat albumin was added to stabilize the infused compound.

P9163 Hutchinson,M.R., Zhang,Y.N., Brown,K., Coats,B.D., Shridhar,M., Sholar,P.W., Patel,S.J., Crysdale,N.Y., Harrison,J.A., Maier,S.F., Rice,K.C., Watkins,L.R. Non-stereoselective reversal of neuropathic pain by naloxone and naltrexone: involvement of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). European Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 28(-1-):20-29. >>> Naloxone; Saline, sterile; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 300-375 g.); sciatic nerve injury.

P9158 Dina,O.A., Khasar,S.G., essandri-Haber,N., Bogen,O., Chen,X.J., Green,P.G., Reichling,D.B., Messing,R.O., Levine,J.D. Neurotoxic catecholamine metabolite in nociceptors contributes to painful peripheral neuropathy. European Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 28(-6-):1180-1190. >>> Epinephrine; Saline; ascorbic acid; Rat; ; Animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 270-450 g.).

P9157 Goicoechea,C., Sanchez,E., Cano,C., Jagerovic,N., Martin,M.I. Analgesic activity and pharmacological characterization of N-[1-phenylpyrazol-3-yl]-N-[1-(2-phenethyl)-4-piperidyl] propenamide, a new opioid agonist acting peripherally. European Journal of Pharmacology 2008; 595(-1-3-):22-29. >>> Fentanyl; IQMF-4; SC; Mice; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; tolerance; animal info (male, CD1, 25-30 g.); IQMF-4 also known as N-[1-phenylpyrazol-3-yl]-N-[1-(2-phenethyl)-4-piperidyl] propenamide, is a fentanyl analog; behavioral testing (nociceptive response).

P9065 Dunbar,S.A., Karamian,I., Zhang,H.H. Ketorolac prevents recurrent withdrawal induced hyperalgesia but does not inhibit tolerance to spinal morphine in the rat. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAIN 2007; 11(-1-):1-6. >>> Morphine sulfate; naloxone hydrochloride; ketorlac; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 4, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; tolerance; animal info (adult, male, Sprague Dawley, 350 g.).

P9039 Larauche,M., Bradesi,S., Million,M., McLean,P., Tache,Y., Mayer,E.A., McRoberts,J.A. Corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptors mediate the visceral hyperalgesia induced by repeated psychological stress in rats. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2000; ;(-371-):G1033-G1040. >>> CP-154,526; PEG 400; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. G1034); animal info (adult, male, Wistar); CP-154,526 is a corticotropin releasing factor-1 (CRF-1) antagonist; 80% PEG 400 used.

P8969 Katsura,H., Obata,K., Mizushima,T., Yamanaka,H., Kobayashi,K., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Tokunaga,A., Sakagami,M., Noguchi,K. Antisense knock down of TRPA1, but not TRPM8. alleviates cold hyperalgesia after spinal nerve ligation in rats. Experimental Neurology 2006; 200(-1-):112-123. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, mismatch; Saline, normal; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 3, 5, 7days; 6, 12, 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense (TRPA1, TRPM8); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, SNL, 200-250 g.).

P8923 Deseure,K., Breand,S., Colpaert,F.C. Curative-like analgesia in a neuropathic pain model: Parametric analysis of the dose and the duration of treatment with a high-efficacy 5-HT1A receptor agonist. European Journal of Pharmacology 2007; 568(-1-3-):134-141. >>> F13640; Acetate buffer; water, sterile; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 2ML2; 2ML4; 2, 4, 8 weeks; 1, 2, 4, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 2); long-term study; pumps replaced; half-life (p. 139) 2.5 hrs. in rat plasma; multiple pumps per animal (2); post op. care (Na ampicillin); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 220-240 g., intraorbital nerve ligation).

P8920 Lough,C., Young,T., Parker,R., Wittenauer,S., Vincler,M. Increased spinal dynorphin contributes to chronic nicotine-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in the rat. Neuroscience Letters 2007; 422(-1-):54-58. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; SC; Rat; 2001; 2ML4; 14-21 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (fig. 1, pg 56); pumps replaced; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200-250 g.); "pumps were stabilized in 0.9% physiological saline for 24h at 37 degree C prior to implantation"; pain.

P8872 Yamanaka,H., Obata,K., Kobayashi,K., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Noguchi,K. Activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor by axotomy, through downstream p38 in dorsal root ganglion, contributes to neuropathic pain. Neuroscience 2007; 150(-1-):202-211. >>> SU5402; DMSO; saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200-250g.); 50% DMSO used; SU5402 is a FGFR1 inhibitor.

P8855 Haugan,F., Rygh,L.J., Tjolsen,A. Ketamine blocks enhancement of spinal long-term potentiation in chronic opioid treated rats. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2008; 52(-5-):681-687. >>> Morphine; ketamine; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline or no treatment; no stress (see pg. 683); tolerance; animal info (female, Sprague Dawley, 210-320); "No behavioral differences could be observed between groups, suggesting that the animals were not suffering significant distress due to the implantations + treament." (p. 683); pain.

P8832 Dina,O.A., Khasar,S.G., essandri-Haber,N., Green,P.G., Messing,R.O., Levine,J.D. Alcohol-induced stress in painful alcoholic neuropathy. European Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 27(-1-):83-92. >>> Epinephrine; Saline; ascorbic acid; SC; Rat; 2004; 3 weeks; Replacement therapy (adrenal medullectomy); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250-450g.).

P8810 Li,L.H., Qin,H.Z., Shi,W.Q., Gao,G.D. Local Nogo-66 administration reduces neuropathic pain after sciatic nerve transection in rat. Neuroscience Letters 2007; 424(-3-):145-148. >>> Glutathione S-transferase; glutathione S-transferase-Nogo-66; CSF/CNS (sciatic nerve); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ GST or no treatment; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 240-260g., Sciatic nerve transection); pain; silicon tube used.

P8806 Kalange,A.S., Kokare,D.M., Singru,P.S., Upadhya,M.A., Chopde,C.T., Subhedar,N.K. Central administration of selective melanocortin 4 receptor antagonist HS014 prevents morphine tolerance and withdrawal hyperalgesia. Brain Research 2007; 1181(--):10-20. >>> Morphine; CSF, artificial; NaOH; water, distilled; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 7, 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tolerance; dependence; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 220-260g.); cannula placement confimed with India ink.

P8747 Zou,W., Guo,Q., Wang,E., Cai,J., Cheng,Z. Intrathecal morphine suppresses immune function in rats with inflammatory-induced pain. Journal of International Medical Research 2007; 35(-5-):626-636. >>> Morphine; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 2001; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); immunology; post op. care (natrium penicillin); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-300g).

P8728 Gradl,G., Finke,B., Schattner,S., Gierer,P., Mittlmeier,T., Vollmar,B. Continuous intra-arterial application of substance P induces signs and symptoms of experimental complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) such as edema, inflammation and mechanical pain but no thermal pain. Neuroscience 2007; 148(-3-):757-765. >>> Substance P; Saline; heparin; IA (femoral); Rat; 2001D; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; good methods (p. 758); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 225-250g); pain.

P8701 Warne,J.P., Horneman,H.F., Ginsberg,A.B., Pecoraro,N.C., Foster,M.T., Akana,S.F., Dallman,M.F. Mapping brain c-fos immunoreactivity after insulin-induced voluntary lard intake: Insulin- and lard-associated patterns. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2007; 19(-10-):794-808. >>> Insulin, Humulin R U500; Saline; IV (jugular); Rat; 2002; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (STZ-induced diabetes); no stress (see pg. 797); peptides; post op. care (Ketoprofen); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 300g); "The presence of an osmotic mini-pump at either site did not cause any obvious signs of pains or discomfort in the rats. " (p. 797).

P8694 Ito,T., Ohtori,S., Hata,K., Inoue,G., Moriya,H., Takahashi,K., Yamashita,T. Rho kinase inhibitor improves motor dysfunction and hypoalgesia in a rat model of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Spine 2007; 32(-19-):2070-2075. >>> Fasudil hydrochloride hydrate; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Enzyme inhibitor (Rho-kinase); animal info (6 week, male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250g); pain; silastic tubing used; neuroprotection.

P8691 Martin,C.D., Jimenez-Andrade,J.M., Ghilardi,J.R., Mantyh,P.W. Organization of a unique net-like meshwork of CGIZP+ sensory fibers in the mouse periosteum: Implications for the generation and maintenance of bone fracture pain. Neuroscience Letters 2007; 427(-3-):148-152. >>> Uridine, bromodeoxy-; SC; Mice; 1003D; 24 hours; Animal info (C57BL/6J, 18-25g, male); bone; pain; labeling at the periosteum.

P8677 King,T., Vardanyan,A., Majuta,L., Melemedjian,O., Nagle,R., Cress,A.E., Vanderah,T.W., Lai,J., Porreca,F. Morphine treatment accelerates sarcoma-induced bone pain, bone loss, and spontaneous fracture in a murine model of bone cancer. Pain 2007; 132(-1-2-):154-168. >>> Morphine; naloxone; Saline; SC; Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p. 157, 159); no stress (see pg. 155); cancer (bone); multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (20-25g, male, adult, C3H/HeJ); pain.

P8652 Griffin,R.S., Costigan,M., Brenner,G.J., Ma,C.H.E., Scholz,J., Moss,A., Allchorne,A.J., Stahl,G.L., Woolf,C.J. Complement induction in spinal cord microglia results in anaphylatoxin C5a-mediated pain hypersensitivity. Journal of Neuroscience 2007; 27(-32-):8699-8708. >>> Peptide, C5a receptor antagonist; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, C6-deficient, SNI); synthetic, cyclic AcF-[OPdChaWR] peptide.

P8565 Veiseh,M., Gabikian,P., Bahrami,S.B., Veiseh,O., Zhang,M., Hackman,R.C., Ravanpay,A.C., Stroud,M.R., Kusuma,Y., Hansen,S.J., Kwok,D., Munoz,N.M., Sze,R.W., Grady,W.M., Greenberg,N.M., Ellenbogen,R.G., Olson,J.M. Tumor paint: a chlorotoxin:Cy5.5 bioconjugate for intraoperative visualization of cancer foci. Cancer Res. 2007/7/15; 67(-14-):6882-6888. >>> Chlorotoxin; SC; Mice; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cancer; peptides; scorpion venom (toxin).

P8494 Stoller,D.C., Sim-Selley,L.J., Smith,F.L. Role of kappa and delta opioid receptors in mediating morphine-induced antinociception in morphine-tolerant infant rats. Brain Research 2007; 1142(--):28-36. >>> Morphine; SC; Rat (neonate); 1003D; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tolerance; post op. care (10% povidone iodine swab); animal info (P14, 30 g); Vetbond tissue adhesive used to close incision.

P8487 Zhuang,Z.Y., Kawasaki,Y., Tan,P.H., Wen,Y.R., Huang,J., Ji,R.R. Role of the CX3CR1/p38 MAPK pathway in spinal microglia for the development of neuropathic pain following nerve injury-induced cleavage of fractalkine. Brain Behav.Immun. 2007/7; 21(-5-):642-651. >>> Fractalkine; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; ; Pain; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-260 g); PE-5 tubing; agent is a chemokine (AKA, CXCL1).

P8435 Saade,N.E., Al Amin,H., Baki,S.A., Chalouhi,S., Jabbur,S.J., Atweh,S.F. Reversible attenuation of neuropathic-like manifestations in rats by lesions or local blocks of the intralaminar or the medial thalamic nuclei. Experimental Neurology 2007; 204(-1-):205-219. >>> Lidocaine; Dye, China ink; CSF/CNS (PVN of thalamus); CSF/CNS (rostral medial nuclei of thalamus); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received sham treatment; comparison of lesions vs. mp; half-life (p. 216),<1hr; post op. care (dexamethasone, penicillin); animal info (male, female, Sprague-Dawley, 280-300 grams); "The effects of the microperfusion with lidocaine were more pronounced and durable than those of lesions." (p. 216).

P8433 Svensson,C.I., Zattoni,M., Serhan,C.N. Lipoxins and aspirin-triggered lipoxin inhibit inflammatory pain processing. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2007; 204(-2-):245-252. >>> Lipoxin A4; lipoxin B4; lipoxin B4, 8,9-acetylenic; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IT injections vs. mp; animal info (male, sprague-dawley, 250-300 grams); "LXA4 was administered via continuous IT infusion that resulted in a prolonged antihyperalgesic effect compared with IT bolus injections." (P. 247).

P8411 Kozai,T., Yamanaka,H., Dai,Y., Obata,K., Kobayashi,K., Mashimo,T., Noguchi,K. Tissue type plasminogen activator induced in rat dorsal horn astrocytes contributes to mechanical hypersensitivity following dorsal root injury. Glia 2007; 55(-6-):595-603. >>> Tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 2002; 5,11,15 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 5); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-300g.); tPA-STOP; Radiculopathy pain model.

P8408 Proudfoot,C.J., Garry,E.M., Cottrell,D.F., Rosie,R., Anderson,H., Robertson,D.C., Fleetwood-Walker,S.M., Mitchel,R. Analgesia mediated by the TRPM8 cold receptor in chronic neuropathic pain. CURRENT BIOLOGY 2006; 16(-16-):1591-1605. >>> Oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; Oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate missense; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 2002; 5, 13-16 days; Controls received mp w/ missense oligo; antisense (TRPM8, rat); animal info (male, Wistar, 120-250g., chronic constriction sciatic nerve injury).

P8400 Mizushima,T., Obata,K., Katsura,H., Sakurai,J., Kobayashi,K., Yamanaka,H., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Mashimo,T., Noguchi,K. Intensity-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 in sensory neurons contributes to pain hypersensitivity. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2007; 321(-1-):28-34. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate missense; oligodeoxynucleotide, FITC-labeled; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 5); antisense (ERK5); brain tissue distribution; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 220-250g.).

P8399 Perry,T., Holloway,H.W., Weerasuriya,A., Mouton,P.R., Duffy,K., Mattison,J.A., Greig,N.H. Evidence of GLP-1-mediated neuroprotection in an animal model of pyridoxine-induced peripheral sensory neuropathy. Experimental Neurology 2007; 203(-2-):293-301. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1, (7-36)-amide; exendin-4; exendin (9-39); peptide, inactive; SC; Rat; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ scrambled, inactive, 30aa peptide; functionality of mp verified by plasma GLP-1 levels; dose-response (fig. 3); half-life (pg. 293) 1.5 min. in rodents (GLP-1), 120 min. in rodents (Ex4); peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 300-350g.).

P8391 Xie,W.R., Strong,J.A., Li,H.Q., Zhang,J.M. Sympathetic sprouting near sensory neurons after nerve injury occurs preferentially on spontaneously active cells and is reduced by early nerve block. Journal of Neurophysiology 2007; 97(-1-):492-502. >>> Tetrodotoxin; tetraethylammonium chloride; pyridine, 4-amino-; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (sciatic nerve); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or contralateral uninjured nerve; replacement therapy (axotomy); animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, 80-100g., sciatic nerve ligation/transesction); mp primed 4 hrs in 37 celsius saline; chronic pain model.

P8260 Ito,T., Ohtori,S., Inoue,G., Koshi,T., Doya,H., Ozawa,T., Saito,T., Moriya,H., Takahashi,K. Glial phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase mediates pain in a rat model of lumbar disc herniation and induces motor dysfunction in a rat model of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Spine 2007; 32(-2-):159-167. >>> FR167653; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 7); no stress (see pg. 163); enzyme inhibitor (pg. 38 MAP kinase); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250g., 6 wks old); Lumbar disc herniation model; spinal canal stenosis model; sciatica.

P8246 Sud,R., Ignatowski,T.A., Lo,C.P.K., Spengler,R.N. Uncovering molecular elements of brain-body communication during development and treatment of neuropathic pain. BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY 2007; 21(-1-):112-124. >>> Tumor necrosis Factor-a, recomb. rat: tumor necrosis factor-a, recomb. rat, heat-inactivated; amitriptyline; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or heat-inactivated rr-TNFa; comparison of ip injections vs. mp; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 300-350g); chronic constriction injury to the right sciatic nerve.

P8148 Honore,P., Donnelly-Roberts,D., Namovic,M.T., Hsieh,G., Zhu,C.Z., Mikusa,J.P., Hernandez,G., Zhong,C.M., Gauvin,D.M., Chandran,P., Harris,R., Medrano,A.P., Carroll,W., Marsh,K., Sullivan,J.P., Faltynek,C.R., Jarvis,M.F. A-740003 [N-(1-{[(cyanoimino)(5-quinolinylamino)methyl]amino}-2,2- dimethylpropyl)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide], a novel and selective P2X7 receptor antagonist, dose-dependently reduces neuropathic pain in the rat. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2006; 319(-3-):1376-1385. >>> Vincristine sulfate; IV (jugular); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-300g.); mp primed overnight; chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain model.

P8126 Lin,C.R., Amaya,F., Barrett,L., Wang,H.B., Takada,J., Samad,T.A., Woolf,C.J. Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 contributes to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2006; 319(-3-):1096-1103. >>> RNA, short hairpin; RNA, short hairpin, mismatched; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or mismatched shRNA; dose-response (p.1100); antisense (Ep4); brain tissue distribution; toxicology; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200g., peripheral hind paw inflammation).

P8115 Lee,S.T., Chu,K., Park,J.E., Kang,L., Ko,S.Y., Jung,K.H., Kim,M. Memantine reduces striatal cell death with decreasing calpain level in 3-nitropropionic model of Huntington's disease. Brain Research 2006; 1118(-;-):199-207. >>> Nitropropionic acid, 3-; PBS; NaOH; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 4, 5 days; Animal Info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 220-240g.); neurodegenerative (Huntington's disease).

P8091 Josiah,D.T., Vincler,M.A. Impact of chronic nicotine on the development and maintenance of neuropathic hypersensitivity in the rat. Psychopharmacology 2006; 188(-2-):152-161. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; SC; Rat; 2001; 2ML4; 7, 21 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by plasma nicotine&cotinine levels; dose-response (fig. 1); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-300g., spinal nerve ligation).

P8054 Cifani,C., Guerrini,R., Massi,M., Polidori,C. Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of nociceptin/orphanin FQ increases food and ethanol intake in alcohol-preferring rats. Peptides 2006; 27(-11-):2803-2810. >>> Nociceptin/orphanin FQ; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig.1); peptides; post op.care (benzyl penicillin, dihydrostreptomycin); animal info(Marchigian-Sardinian alcohol-preferring (msp), male, 250-300g.); cannula placement verified with india ink injection at experiment end.

P8038 Wilson-Gerwing,T.D., Verge,V.M.K. Neurotrophin-3 attenuates galanin expression in the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain. Neuroscience 2006; 141(-4-):2075-2085. >>> NT-3; PBS; albumin, rat serum; streptomycin; penicillin; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (adult, male, wistar, 250-300 grams).

P8028 Obata,K., Katsura,H., Sakurai,J., Kobayashi,K., Yamanaka,H., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Noguchi,K. Suppression of the p75 neurotrophin receptor in uninjured sensory neurons reduces neuropathic pain after nerve injury. Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 26(-46-):11974-11986. >>> Antibody, anti-NGF; antibody, anti-P75NTR; K252a; DMSO; saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; 2001; ; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 grams); nerve injury; silastic tubing used; K252a in 50% DMSO; behavioral testing.

P7977 Yamanaka,H., Obata,K., Kobayashi,K., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Noguchi,K. Alteration of the cell adhesion molecule L1 expression in a specific subset of primary afferent neurons contributes to neuropathic pain. European Journal of Neuroscience 2007; 25(-4-):1097-1111. >>> Immunoglobulin G, non-immune mouse; antibody, anti-L1-CAM; SB203580; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 2002; ; Animal info (Male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 grams); silicone tubing, 0.64 mm O.D filled with 5.0 ul's of saline; inserted ~ 0.5 cm's into the intrathecal space; enzyme inhibitor (p38 MAP kinase).

P7960 Porro,C.A., Cavazzuti,M., Baraldi,P., Giuliani,D., Panerai,A.E., Corazza,R. CNS pattern of metabolic activity during tonic pain: evidence for modulation by beta-endorphin. European Journal of Neuroscience 1999; 11(-3-):874-888. >>> Heparin, calcium; SC; Rat; 2001; ; Post op. care (lidocaine cream); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 320-340 grams).

P7934 Zissen,M.H., Zhang,G.H., Kendig,J.J., Sweitzer,S.M. Acute and chronic morphine alters formalin pain in neonatal rats. Neuroscience Letters 2006; 400(-1-2-):154-157. >>> Morphine; Saline; Rat (neonate); 1003D; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; post op. care (penicillin, ringer's solution); animal info (male and female Sprague-Dawley); Vetbond tissue used.

P7897 Guo,T.Z., Wei,T.P., Kingery,W.S. Glucocorticoid inhibition of vascular abnormalities in a tibia fracture rat model of complex regional pain syndrome type I. Pain 2006; 121(-1-2-):158-167. >>> Methylprednisolone sodium succinate; Saline, normal; SC; Rat; 2002; 2, 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced at 2 weeks; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 10 month old, tibia fracture).

P7884 Jhamandas,K., Milne,B., Sutak,M., Gouarderes,C., Zajac,J.M., Yang,H.Y.T. Facilitation of spinal morphine analgesia in normal and morphine tolerant animals by neuropeptide SF and related peptides. Peptides 2006; 27(-5-):953-963. >>> Morphine sulfate; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 6 days; Comparison of IT injections vs. mp; tolerance; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-275g.).

P7797 Zhuang,Z.Y., Wen,Y.R., Zhang,D.R., Borsello,T., Bonny,C., Strichartz,G.R., Decosterd,I., Ji,R.R. A peptide c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor blocks mechanical allodynia after spinal nerve ligation: Respective roles of JNK activation in primary sensory neurons and spinal astrocytes for neuropathic pain development and maintenance. Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 26(-13-):3551-3560. >>> Peptide, D-JNK inhibitor 1; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); CSF/CNS (dorsal root ganglion); Rat; 2 weeks; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or control peptide; comparison of IT injections vs. mp; enzyme inhibitor (c-Jun-N-terminal kinase); peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 220-260g., spinal nerve ligation); mp primed 3hrs in saline.

P7749 Meunier,A., Latremoliere,A., Mauborgne,A., Bourgoin,S., Kayser,V., Cesselin,F., Hamon,M., Pohl,M. Attenuation of pain-related behavior in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain by viral-driven enkephalin overproduction in trigeminal ganglion neurons. MOLECULAR THERAPY 2005; 11(-4-):608-616. >>> Naloxone; naloxone methiodide; SC; Rat; 1007D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 175-200g.);chronic constrictive injury of the left infraorbital nerve.

P7723 Hofacker,A., Coste,O., Van Nguyen,H., Marian,C., Scholich,K., Geisslinger,G. Downregulation of cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase results in decreased nociceptive behavior in rats. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25(-39-):9005-9009. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ sense ODN; antisense (cPGES); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley); mp primed 15-18 hours in 37 Celsius saline; cPGES is cystolic Prostaglandin E2 synthases.

P7714 Juni,A., Klein,G., Kest,B. Morphine hyperalgesia in mice is unrelated to opioid activity, analgesia, or tolerance: Evidence for multiple diverse hyperalgesic systems. Brain Research 2006; 1070(-1-):35-44. >>> Morphine; morphine-3B-glucoronide; Saline; SC; Mice; 2001; 6,12,14,19 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); pumps replaced; tolerance; animal info (adult, male, CD-1).

P7686 Alexander,M., Daniel,T., Chaudry,I.H., Schwacha,M.G. Opiate analgesics contribute to the development of post-injury immunosuppression. Journal of Surgical Research 2005; 129(-1-):161-168. >>> Morphine; Saline; SC; Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Animal info (C57BL/6, female, 20-25 g, 8-10 weeks old).

P7680 Damaj,M.I. Calcium-acting drugs modulate expression and development of chronic tolerance to nicotine-induced antinociception in mice. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2005; 315(-2-):959-964. >>> Nicotine; Saline, sterile; SC; Mice; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p. 962).

P7594 Khasar,S.G., Green,P.G., Levine,J.D. Repeated sound stress enhances inflammatory pain in the rat. Pain 2005; 116(-1-2-):79-86. >>> Epinephrine bitartrate; Saline; ascorbic acid; SC; Rat; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received no treatment; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley 250-380 g); pain.

P7569 Saade,N.E., Al Amin,H., Baki,S.A., Safieh-Garabedian,B., Atweh,S.F., Jabbur,S.J. Transient attenuation of neuropathic manifestations in rats following lesion or reversible block of the lateral thalamic somatosensory nuclei. Experimental Neurology 2006; 197(-1-):157-166. >>> Lidocaine; CSF/CNS (ventrobasal complex); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received no treatment or contralateral intact paw; post op. care (dexamethasone, penicillin; animal info (male, female, Sprague-Dawley, 290 g; spared nerve injury mononeuropathy; cannula placement confirmed by.

P7528 Takeda,K., Sawamura,S., Tamai,H., Sekiyama,H., Hanaoka,K. Role for cyclooxygenase 2 in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain and spinal glial activation. Anesthesiology 2005; 103(-4-):837-844. >>> Meloxicam sodium; Saline, normal; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); no stress (see pg. 839); enzyme inhibitor (cyclooxygenase-2); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 150 g); spinal nerve ligation; "continuous administration is more advantageous compared with an intermittent one because interruption of drug effects can be avoided"; "all of the rats maintained good health... no infection or motor dysfunction was observed in any of the animals". (p839).

P7465 Lenard,N.R., Roerig,S.C. Development of antinociceptive tolerance and physical dependence following morphine i.c.v. infusion in mice. European Journal of Pharmacology 2005; 527(-1-3-):71-76. >>> Morphine sulfate; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of sc pellets vs. mp; no stress (see pg. 73); tolerance; dependence; cyanoacrylate adhesive; post op. care (antibacterial ointment); animal info (male, 28-45 g); mp primed in sterile saline 37C overnight.

P7446 Gaitan,G., Ahuir,F.J., Herrero,J.F. Enhancement of fentanyl antinociception by subeffective doses of nitroparacetamol (NCX-701) in acute nociception and in carrageenan-induced monoarthritis. LIFE SCIENCES 2005; 77(-1-):85-95. >>> Fentanyl; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tolerance; animal info (male, Wistar, 250-320 g).

P7419 Schmidtko,A., Del Turco,D., Coste,O., Ehnert,C., Niederberger,E., Ruth,P., Deller,T., Geisslinger,G., Tegeder,I. Essential role of the synaptic vesicle protein synapsin II in formalin- induced hyperalgesia and glutamate release in the spinal cord. Pain 2005; 115(-1-2-):171-181. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, sense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense (synapsin II); animal info (male, sprague dawley); PE catheter with an O.D of 0.61 mm, 5-7 cm; pump implanted SC in tail region.

P7416 Xie,W.R., Strong,J.A., Meij,J.T.A., Zhang,J.M., Yu,L. Neuropathic pain: Early spontaneous afferent activity is the trigger. Pain 2005; 116(-3-):243-256. >>> Tetrodotoxin; Saline; CSF/CNS (sciatic nerve); Rat; 1003D; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, wistar, 200-250 g); nerve injury; silicone tubing (0.64 mm I.D., 1.19 mm O.D.); "implanting a silicone cuff on injured sciatic nerve was extremely difficult to do without further damaging the nerve." "hence instead of a cuff we surrounded the nerve with two soft pieces of silicone formed by cutting a slit in the end of silicone tubing." P. 245; behavioral study.

P7403 D'Elia,M., Patenaude,J., Hamelin,C., Garrel,D.R., Bernier,J. Corticosterone binding globulin regulation and thymus changes after thermal injury in mice. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2005; 288(-5-):E852-E860. >>> Buprenorphine; SC; Mice; 12 hours; Pain treatment.

P7378 Tawfik,V.L., LaCroix-Fralish,M.L., Nutile-McMeneny,N., DeLeo,J.A. Transcriptional and translational regulation of glial activation by morphine in a rodent model of neuropathic pain. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2005; 313(-3-):1239-1247. >>> Morphine; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1007D; 2002; 2ML2; 3, 6, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (Fig. 1); comparison of SC mp vs. IT mp; tolerance; mp primed overhight in 37 degrees celsius saline, "a continuous adminstration protocol was used to prevent daily variations in plasma drug levels, which have been shown to enhance tolerance." (p. 1246).

P7318 Andre,J., Zeau,B., Pohl,M., Cesselin,F., Benoliel,J.J., Becker,C. Involvement of cholecystokininergic systems in anxiety-induced hyperalgesia in male rats: Behavioral and biochemical studies. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25(-35-):7896-7904. >>> Chlordiazepoxide; Water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 4-7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline.

P7285 Dai,Y., Wang,H., Ogawa,A., Yamanaka,H., Obata,K., Tokunaga,A., Noguchi,K. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the spinal cord contributes to neuropathic pain in a rat model of mononeuropathy. European Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 21(-9-):2467-2474. >>> KN93; KN92; MK-801; DMSO; saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1003D; 2001; 2002; 3,7,14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or KN92 control peptide; no stress (see pg. 2472); enzyme inhibitor (Ca/Calmodulin - dependent protein Kinase II); peptides; 10% DMSO; cannula tip location verified by dissection; NMDA receptor antagonist.

P7253 Khasar,S.G., Dina,O.A., Green,P.G., Levine,J.D. Estrogen regulates adrenal medullary function producing sexual dimorphism in nociceptive threshold and beta2-adrenergic receptor-mediated hyperalgesia in the rat. European Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 21(-12-):3379-3386. >>> Epinephrine; Saline; ascorbic acid; SC; Rat; 1007D; 2002; 7, 14 days; Functionality of mp verified by plasma epinephrine levels; replacement therapy (adrenal medullectomy, adrenal gland denervation); dose-response (Fig 3).

P7244 Obata,K., Katsura,H., Mizushima,T., Yamanaka,H., Kobayashi,K., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Tokunaga,A., Tominaga,M., Noguchi,K. TRPA1 induced in sensory neurons contributes to cold hyperalgesia after inflammation and nerve injury. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2005; 115(-9-):2393-2401. >>> SB203580; antibody, anti-nerve growth factor; oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, FITC antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; DMSO; saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or sham surgery or mismatch ODN or contralateral no treatment; antisense (TRPA1); brain tissue distribution; 50% DMSO.

P7207 Ogawa,A., Morimoto,T., Hu,J.W., Tsuboi,Y., Tashiro,A., Noguchi,K., Nakagawa,H., Iwata,K. Hard-food mastication suppresses complete Freund's adjuvant-induced nociception. Neuroscience 2003; 120(-4-):1081-1092. >>> Naloxone; IV (jugular); Rat; 3, 6 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by measuring residual volume.

P7196 Ogawa,A., Dai,Y., Yamanaka,H., Iwata,K., Niwa,H., Noguchi,K. Ca2+/calmodulin-protein kinase II alpha in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis contributes to neuropathic pain following inferior alveolar nerve transection. Experimental Neurology 2005; 192(-2-):310-319. >>> KN-93; KN-92; DMSO; CSF/CNS (medulla); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ KN-92; enzyme inhibitor (calcium-calmodulin protein kinase II); peptides; cannula placement confirmed by dissection.

P7174 Bizat,N., Galas,M.C., Jacquard,C., Boyer,F., Hermel,J.M., Schiffmann,S.N., Hantraye,P., Blum,D., Brouillet,E. Neuroprotective effect of zVAD against the neurotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid involves inhibition of calpain. Neuropharmacology 2005; 49(-5-):695-702. >>> Nitropropionic acid, 3-; zVAD; Saline; DMSO; SC; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 2ML1; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle sham operation; enzyme inhibitor (caspase, calpain), multiple pumps per animal (2); 40% DMSO.

P7125 Lynch,JJ III, Wade,C.L., Mikusa,J.P., Decker,M.W., Honore,P. ABT-594 (a nicotinic acetylcholine agonist): anti-allodynia in a rat chemotherapy-induced pain model. European Journal of Pharmacology 2005; 509(-1-):43-48. >>> Vincristine sulfate; Saline, physiological; IV (external jugular); Rat; 2002; 1-3 weeks; Cancer; mp primed overnight.

P7091 yala-Grosso,C., Tam,J., Xanthoudakis,S., Bureau,Y., Roy,S., Nicholson,D.W., Robertson,G.S. Effects of fimbria-fornix transection on calpain and choline acetyl transferase activities in the septohippocampal pathway. Neuroscience 2004; 126(-4-):927-940. >>> Leupeptin; MDL 28170; Saline, sterile; DMSO; cyclodextrin; CSF/CNS; Rat; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (axotomy); enzyme inhibitor (calpain); 2% DMSO; mp primed overnight at 37 degree Celsius.

P7088 Aubel,B., Kayser,V., Mauborgne,A., Farre,A., Hamon,M., Bourgoin,S. Antihyperalgesic effects of cizolirtine in diabetic rats: Behavioral and biochemical studies. Pain 2004; 110(-1-2-):22-32. >>> Cizolirtine; paroxetine hydrochloride; Saline; DMSO; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (STZ-induced diabetes); dose-response (fig. 4); 20% DMSO.

P7086 Al Amin,H.A., Atweh,S.F., Baki,S.A., Jabbur,S.J., Saade,N.E. Continuous perfusion with morphine of the orbitofrontal cortex reduces allodynia and hyperalgesia in a rat model for mononeuropathy. Neuroscience Letters 2004; 364(-1-):27-31. >>> Morphine sulfate; CSF/CNS (orbitofrontal cortex); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received no nerve injury; functionality of mp verified by histological assessment of cannula tip placement.

P7082 Trujillo,K.A., Kubota,K.S., Warmoth,K.P. Continuous administration of opioids produces locomotor sensitization. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2004; 79(-4-):661-669. >>> Morphine sulfate; fentanyl; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of pellets vs. mp; tolerance; mp primed overnight in saline at room temperature; pain; animal info (225-250 grams).

P7066 Lynch,JJ III, Wade,C.L., Zhong,C.M.M., Mikusa,J.P., Honore,P. Attenuation of mechanical allodynia by clinically utilized drugs in a rat chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain model. Pain 2004; 110(-1-2-):56-63. >>> Vincristine sulfate; Saline, physiological; IV (jugular); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 58); cancer; mp primed overnight.

P7026 Ramer,L.M., Borisoff,J.F., Ramer,M.S. Rho-kinase inhibition enhances axonal plasticity and attenuates cold hyperalgesia after dorsal rhizotomy. Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 24(-48-):10796-10805. >>> Y-27632; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 7,10,28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (Rho kinase).

P7011 Wang,C.H., Lee,T.H., Tsai,Y.J., Liu,J.K., Chen,Y.J., Yang,L.C., Lu,C.Y. Intrathecal cdk5 inhibitor, roscovitine, attenuates morphine antinociceptive tolerance in rats1. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004; 25(-8-):1027-1030. >>> Roscovitine; morphine; DMSO; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 5 days; Enzyme inhibitor (cyclin dependent kinase 5); tolerance.

P6954 Harrington,J.F., Messier,A.A., Hoffman,L., Yu,E., Dykhuizen,M., Barker,K. Physiological and behavioral evidence for focal nociception induced by epidural glutamate infusion in rats. Spine 2005; 30(-6-):606-612. >>> Glutamate; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; 1003D; 72 hours; Behavioral study; pain; lumbar catheterization (L5) using PE-10.

P6947 Martucci,C., Panerai,A.E., Sacerdote,P. Chronic fentanyl or buprenorphine infusion in the mouse: similar analgesic profile but different effects on immune responses. Pain 2004; 110(-1-2-):385-392. >>> Fentanyl; buprenorphine; Water; SC; Mice; 2001D; 3,7 days; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ saline; citation may have incorrectly labeled a 2001 pump as the 2001D. "The drugs were delivered with osmotic minipumps, that allowed to reach steady plasma drug concentration for a prolonged period of time, resembling the transdermal route of administration in the human." (p. 386).

P6920 Aronson,J. The Nicolas Andry Award - Modulation of distraction osteogenesis in the aged rat by fibroblast growth factor. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 2004; (-425-):264-283. >>> Fibroblast growth factor, recomb. human; dihydrotestosterone; Sodium citrate; SC; bone (tibia); Rat; 1007D; 1002; 2002; 7, 14 days; Functionality of mp verified by residual volume; comparison of injections vs. mp; post op. care (heated cage/analgesics); pumps used for systemic or targeted delivery; silastic tubing used; "The pumps were well tolerated without inflammatory reaction, infection, or pain." (p. 273); picture of pump and catheter (radiograph image) p. 277, fig 10A-B; animal info (Sprague-Dawley).

P6906 Roy,S., Guo,X.H., Kelschenbach,J., Liu,Y.X., Loh,H.H. In vivo activation of a mutant mu-opioid receptor by naltrexone produces a potent analgesic effect but no tolerance: role of mu-receptor activation and omega-receptor blockade in morphine tolerance. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25(-12-):3229-3233. >>> Naltrindole; SNC-80; SC; Mice; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle.

P6900 Berrendero,F., Mendizabal,V., Robledo,P., Galeote,L., Bilkei-Gorzo,A., Zimmer,A., Maldonado,R. Nicotine-induced antinociception, rewarding effects, and physical dependence are decreased in mice lacking the preproenkephalin gene. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25(-5-):1103-1112. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Mice (knockout); 2001; 6 days; Dependence.

P6893 Bizat,N, Hermel,J.M., Humbert,S, Jacquard,C., Creminon,C., Escartin,C., Saudou,F, Krajewski,S., Hantraye,P., Brouillet,E. In Vivo Calpain/Caspase Cross-talk during 3-Nitropropionic Acid-induced Striatal Degeneration. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2003; 278(-44-):43245-43253. >>> Nitropropionic acid, 3-; calpain inhibitor I; DMSO; PBS; SC; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 2ML1; 1-5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or sham operation; enzyme inhibitor (succinate dehydrogenase); ALZET brain infusion kit used; multiple pumps per animal (2); 40% DMSO used for calpain inhibitor I; neurodegenerative (Huntington's disease).

P6803 Colpaert,F.C., Wu,W.P., Hao,J.X., Royer,I., Sautel,F., Wiesenfeld-Hallin,Z., Xu,X.J. High-efficacy 5-HT1A receptor activation causes a curative-like action on allodynia in rats with spinal cord injury. European Journal of Pharmacology 2004; 497(-1-):29-33. >>> F13640; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 56 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; long-term study; pumps replaced at day 28; 5-HT1A receptor agonist; spinal cord injury; pain.

P6798 Brussee,V., Cunningham,F.A., Zochodne,D.W. Direct insulin signaling of neurons reverses diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 2004; 53(-7-):1824-1830. >>> Insulin, human; FITC-Insulin; Insulin-like growth factor I; antibody, polyclonal anti-rat insulin; dye, india ink; antibody, polyclonal anti-albumin; Saline; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2, 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or anti-albumin Ab; functionality of mp verified by dye; replacement therapy (streptozotocin induced diabetes); india ink used to confirm catheter placement and intrathecal delivery.

P6778 Takeda,K., Sawamura,S., Sekiyama,H., Tamai,H., Hanaoka,K. Effect of methylprednisolone on neuropathic pain and spinal glial activation in rats. Anesthesiology 2004; 100(-5-):1249-1257. >>> Methylprednisolone; Water, distilled; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 2ML1; 3, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; no stress (see pg. 1252); "All the rats maintained good health and continued to gain weight throughout the experimental period. No infection or motor dysfunction was observed in any of the animals." (p. 1252).

P6625 Hernandez,A., Constandil,L., Laurido,C., Pelissier,T., Marchand,F., Ardid,D., Alloui,A., Eschalier,A., Soto-Moyano,R. Venlafaxine-induced depression of wind-up activity in mononeuropathic rats is potentiated by inhibition of brain 5-HT1A receptor expression in vivo. International Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 114(-2-):229-242. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, scrambled; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2004; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense (5-HT1A) receptor; incorrectly states the 2004 pumping rate as 2.5 ul/hr; cannula secured by dental cement.

P6585 Colpaert,F.C., Tarayre,J.P., Koek,W., Pauwels,P.J., Bardin,L., Xu,X.J., Wiesenfeld-Hallin,Z., Cosi,C., Carilla-Durand,E., Assie,M.B., Vacher,B. Large-amplitude 5-HT1A receptor activation: a new mechanism of profound, central analgesia. Neuropharmacology 2002; 43(-6-):945-958. >>> F13640; morphine HCL; imipramine HCl; ketamine HCl; gabapentin; Water, double distilled; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (fig. 3); comparison of IP&SC injections vs. mp; tolerance; dependence; "Continuous F 13640 infusion uniquely produced profound analgesia in this model of severe, chronic pain." (p. 955).

P6563 Babin,M.C., Ricketts,K.M., Gazaway,M.Y., Lee,R.B., Sweeney,R.E., Brozetti,J.J. A combination drug treatment against ocular sulfur mustard injury. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY 2004; 23(-1-):65-75. >>> Buprenorphine HCl; SC; Rabbit; 2ML1; 5-7 days; "The implanted pump provided pain control for 5-7 days without having to administer multiple injections." (p.67).

P6562 Yamanaka,H., Obata,K., Fukuoka,T., Dai,Y., Kobayashi,K., Tokunaga,A., Noguchi,K. Tissue plasminogen activator in primary afferents induces dorsal horn excitability and pain response after peripheral nerve injury. European Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 19(-1-):93-102. >>> Tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 2002; 1,2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (p.100); inhibitor is a tPA-STOP {2,7-bis-(4-amidinobenzylidene)-cycloheptan-1-one dihydrochloride salt}.

P6550 Chauhan,B.C., LeVatte,T.L., Jollimore,C.A., Yu,P.K., Reitsamer,H.A., Kelly,M.E.M., Yu,D.Y., Tremblay,F., Archibald,M.L. Model of endothelin-1 - Induced chronic optic neuropathy in rat. INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY&VISUAL SCIENCE 2004; 45(-1-):144-152. >>> Endothelin-1; Balanced salt solution; Eye (retrobulbar optic nerve); Rat; 2004; 21,42,84 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle and fellow eye w/ no treatment; dose-response (fig.5); long-term study; pumps replaced every 28 days; peptides; post op. care (rentamicin, buprenex).

P6506 Nagano,M., Sakai,A., Takahashi,N., Umino,M., Yoshioka,K., Suzuki,H. Decreased expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in rat models of neuropathic pain. British Journal of Pharmacology 2003; 140(-7-):1252-1260. >>> Glial-derived neurotrophic factor, recomb. human; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 9 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (spinal nerve ligation axotomy); post op. care (IP kanamycin sulfate).

P6502 Imbe,H., Okamoto,K., Kadoya,T., Horie,H., Senba,E. Galectin-1 is involved in the potentiation of neuropathic pain in the dorsal horn. Brain Research 2003; 993(-1-2-):72-83. >>> Antibody, anti-galectin-1, recomb. human; immunoglobulin G, rabbit; CSF/CNS (Intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 2002; 11 days; Controls received mp w/ rabbit IgG ab; "Intrathecal administration of anti-rhGAL-1 Ab significantly reduced mechanical hypersensitivity on the ipsilateral side at 3, 7, 10 days after SNI operation compared to that of control Ab." (p. 78).

P6436 Porro,C.A., Cavazzuti,M., Giuliani,D., Vellani,V., Lui,F., Baraldi,P. Effects of ketamine anesthesia on central nociceptive processing in the rat: A 2-deoxyglucose study. Neuroscience 2004; 125(-2-):485-494. >>> Heparin; Saline; IA (carotid); IV (jugular); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; post op. care (wounds treated with local anesthetics, lidocaine cream); PE-50 tubing was filled with rat serum and heparin and plugged with nylon fishing line until the pumps were attached; pumps were used only as a means of keeping vessel catheters patent..

P6433 Zhang,R.X., La,L.X., Qiao,J.T., Malsnee,K., Ruda,M.A. Endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoid suppresses up-regulation of preprodynorphin mRNA and hyperalgesia in rats with peripheral inflammation. Neuroscience Letters 2004; 359(-1-2-):85-88. >>> Dexamethasone; Propylene glycol; SC; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (adrenalectomy); half-life (p. 86) 36-72 hours.

P6424 Terman,G.W., Jin,W.Z., Cheong,Y.P., Lowe,J., Caron,M.G., Lefkowitz,R.J., Chavkin,C. G-protein receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) influences opioid analgesic tolerance but not opioid withdrawal. British Journal of Pharmacology 2004; 141(-1-):55-64. >>> Fentanyl; SC; Mice (knockout); 1007D; 7 days; Tolerance; behavioral study.

P6407 Wu,Y., Willcockson,H.H., Maixner,W., Light,A.R. Suramin inhibits spinal cord microglia activation and long-term hyperalgesia induced by formalin injection. JOURNAL OF PAIN 2004; 5(-1-):48-55. >>> Suramin; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 3,6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; polyurethane catheter used (Recathco) with a removable guide wire; 3 day recovery period by infusing saline; catheter placement verified by injecting dye through the catheter after the infusion was complete; behavioral study.

P6363 Glezer,I., Zekki,H., Scavone,C., Rivest,S. Modulation of the innate immune response by NMDA receptors has neuropathological consequences. Journal of Neuroscience 2003; 23(-35-):11094-11103. >>> Endotoxin, LPS; MK-801; Saline; CSF/CNS (parenchyma); Rat; 2004; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; 28 g, Plastics One cannula used.

P6343 Wang,R., Guo,W., Ossipov,M.H., Vanderah,T.W., Porreca,F., Lai,J. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor normalized neurochemical chances in injured dorsal root ganglion neurons and prevents the expression of experimental neuropathic pain. Neuroscience 2003; 121(-3-):815-824. >>> Glial-derived neurotrophic factor, recomb. human; Saline; albumin, rat serum; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; spinal nerve ligation injury.

P6310 Barclay,J., Patel,S., Dorn,G., Wotherspoon,G., Moffatt,S., Eunson,L., Abdel'al,S., Natt,F., Hall,J., Winter,J., Bevan,S., Wishart,W., Fox,A., Ganju,P. Functional Downregulation of P2X3 Receptor Subunit in Rat Sensory Neurons Reveals a Significant Role in Chronic Neuropathic and Inflammatory Pain. The Journal of Neuroscience 2002; 22(-18-):8139-8147. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; oligonucleotide, missense; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by fluorescently labeled antisense oligonucleotide; no stress (see pg. 8140, 8144); antisense (P2X3 receptor); post op. care (antibiotic powder); P2X is an ATP-gated cation channel.

P6190 Dobretsov,M., Hastings,S.L., Romanovsky,D., Stimers,J.R., Zhang,J.M. Mechanical hyperalgesia in rat models of systemic and local hyperglycemia. Brain Research 2003; 960(-1-2-):174-183. >>> Glucose; sorbinil; HEPES, buffered saline; CSF/CNS (sciatic nerve); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Enzyme inhibitor (aldose reductase); post op. care (amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium 3 days).

P6168 Luo,Z.D., Calcutt,N.A., Higuera,E.S., Valder,C.R., Song,Y.H., Svensson,C.I., Myers,R.R. Injury type-specific calcium channel alpha 2 delta-1subunit up-regulation in rat neuropathic pain models correlates with antiallodynic effects of gabapentin. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2002; 303(-3-):1199-1205. >>> Vincristine; Saline, sterile; IV (jugular); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Behavioral study.

P6160 Leiphart,J.W., Dills,C.V., Levy,R.M. The analgesic effects of intrathecally pumped saline and artificial cerebrospinal fluid in a rat model of neuropathic pain. NEUROMODULATION 2002; 5(-4-):214-220. >>> Saline; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (Intrathecal); Rat; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ saline not attached to a catheter; analgesic; intrathecal catheter was coated with a silicon spray; behavorial study; pump model not stated.

P6075 Cahill,C.M., Dray,A., Coderre,T.J. Intrathecal nerve growth factor restores opioid effectiveness in an animal model of neuropathic pain. Neuropharmacology 2003; 45(-4-):543-552. >>> Nerve growth factor; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; IT catheter was PE-10 to PE-60; behavioral testing.

P5995 Dorn,G., Patel,S., Wotherspoon,G., Hemmings-Mieszczak,M., Barclay,J., Natt,F.J.C., Martin,P., Bevan,S., Fox,A., Ganju,P., Wishart,W., Hall,J. siRNA relieves chronic neuropathic pain. NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 2004; 32(-5-):1-6. >>> RNA, small interfering; oligonucleotide, antisense; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 6-7 days; Controls received mp w/ missense siRNA; no stress (see pg. 4); antisense (P2X3); gene therapy; siRNA (P2X3); pain research.

P5908 Bizat,N., Hermel,J.M., Boyer,F., Jacquard,C., Creminon,C., Ouary,S., Escartin,C., Hantraye,P., Krajewski,S., Brouillet,E. Calpain is a major cell death effector in selective striatal degeneration induced in vivo by 3-nitropropionate: Implications for Huntington's disease. Journal of Neuroscience 2003; 23(-12-):5020-5030. >>> Nitropropionic acid, 3-; calpain inhibitor-1; PBS; DMSO; SC; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 2ML1; 5 days; ALZET brain infusion kit 1 used; neurodegenerative (Huntington's disease); 3-NP was infused using the 2ML1,&the CI-1 was delievered ICV using the 2001; CI-1 was dissolved in PBS&40% DMSO; pumps implanted simultaneously.

P5902 Deseure,K., Koek,W., Adriaensen,H., Colpaert,F.C. Continuous administration of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A agonist (3-ch loro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-[4-fluoro-4-{[(5-methyl-pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-methyl}piperidin-1-yl]-methadone (F 13640) attenuates allodynia-like behavior in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2003; 306(-2-):505-514. >>> F13640; F13714; morphine; bacioten; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; Post Op. Care (aerosol bandage applied to protect against bacterial contamination); F13640 is a novel analgesic&5-HT1A receptor agonist; behavorial study; F13640, F13714&morphine were infused in one pump; bacioten infused in two pumps due to limited solubility; contro.

P5873 Touyarot,K., Poussard,S., Cortes-Torrea,C., Cottin,P., Micheau,J. Effect of chronic inhibition of calpains in the hippocampus on spatial discrimination learning and protein kinase C. Behavioural Brain Research 2002; 136(-2-):439-448. >>> Calpastatin, synthetic; CSF, artifical; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Mice (transgenic); 1007D; 7 days; Peptides; bilateral stainless steel guide cannula used; calpastatin is a calpain inhibitor; timeline schematic (p. 442).

P5860 Schmitt,T.K., Mousa,S.A., Brack,A., Schmidt,D.K., Rittner,H.L., Welte,M., Schafer,M., Stein,C. Modulation of peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia by central afferent blockade. Anesthesiology 2003; 98(-1-):195-202. >>> Morphine, HCL; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2ML1; 6, 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; analgesia; 4 day recovery; correct placement of I.T. catheter was tested by an injection of 10 ul lidocaine.

P5844 Zhang,J-M, Li,H., Brull,S.J. Perfusion of the mechanically compressed lumbar ganglion with lidocaine reduces mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia in the rat. J Neurophysiol 2000; 84(-2-):798-805. >>> Lidocaine; Saline; heparin; dye, evans blue; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, dorsal, root ganglia); Rat; 2001D; 2001; 7 days; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (dorsal root ganglia); functionality of mp verified by Evans blue dye assessment of DRG; diagram of pump and DRG infusion location (p.799); silicon catheter tubing filled w/ 10ul of heparin followed by 5 ul of Evan's blue dye; "the implanted pumps offered an advantageous alternative to repeated injections. During drug delivery, no external connection was required, and rats were untethered and unrestrained, thereby minimizing animal handling stress" (p.799).

P5746 Ji,Ru-Rong, Samad,Tarek A., Jin,Shan-Xue, Schmoll,Raymond, Woolf,Clifford J. MAPK activation by NGF in primary sensory neurons after inflammation increases TRPV1 levels and maintains heat hyperalgesia.. Neuron 2002; 36(-1-):57-68. >>> SB203580; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1007D; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; Comparison of intrathecal injections vs. mp; SB203580 is an enzyme inhibitor (p38 MAP kinase).

P5740 Berrendero,F., Kieffer,B.L., Maldonado,R. Attenuation of nicotine-induced antinociception, rewarding effects, and dependence in mu-opioid receptor knock-out mice. Journal of Neuroscience 2002; 22(-24-):10935-10940. >>> Hoe 140; bradykinin, des-Arg9-Leu8-; Saline; SC; Rat; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; Kinin B, and B2 receptor antagonists.

P5717 Lin,C.R., Yang,L.C., You,H.L., Lee,C.T., Tai,M.H., Tan,P.H., Lin,M.W., Cheng,J.T. Antinociceptive potentiation and attenuation of tolerance by intrathecal electric stimulation in rats. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2003; 96(-6-):1711-1716. >>> Morphine; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg. 1713) 10 animals excluded from study, 5 due to implantation failure, 3 due to pump failure, 2 due to infection; dependence; PE-10 joined to PE-20, which was joined to PE-60.

P5716 Slot,L.A.B., Koek,W., Tarayre,J.P., Colpaert,F.C. Tolerance and inverse tolerance to the hyperalgesic and analgesic actions, respectively, of the novel analgesic, F 13640. European Journal of Pharmacology 2003; 466(-3-):271-279. >>> F13640; Water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 5 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (Fig.2; p.275); pumps replaced every week, F13640 is a novel analgesic; serotonin receptor agonist; post op. care (the site of pump emplacement was massaged daily to avoid tissue adherence).

P5711 Khasar,S.G., Green,P.G., Miao,F.J.P., Levine,J.D. Vagal modulation of nociception is mediated by adrenomedullary epinephrine in the rat. European Journal of Neuroscience 2003; 17(-4-):909-915. >>> ICI 118,551; epinephrine; Saline; ascorbic acid; ethanol; SC; Rat; 1007D; 2004; 3, 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p. 911); ICI-118, 55 dissolved in ethanol and saline and infused for 7 days via 1007D pumps; epinephrine dissolved in saline and ascorbic acid and delivered for 3, 7, or 14 days via 2004 pumps..

P5702 Borde,V.D., Bernier,J., Garrel,D.R. Effects of dietary fatty acids on burn-induced immunosuppression. Cellular Immunology 2002; 220(-2-):116-124. >>> Buprenorphine; SC; Mice; ; Pain control.

P5616 Wen,Z.H., Guo,Y.W., Chang,Y.C., Wong,C.S. D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid inhibits intrathecal pertussis toxin-induced thermal hyperalgesia and protein kinase C gamma up-regulation. Brain Research 2003; 963(-1-2-):1-7. >>> AP5, D-; Saline; CSF/CNS (Intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 6 days; (D-AP5) is D-2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid..

P5598 Crocker,S.J., Smith,P.D., Jackson-Lewis,V., Lamba,W.R., Hayley,S.P., Grimm,E., Callaghan,S.M., Slack,R.S., Melloni,E., Przedborski,S., Robertson,G.S., Anisman,H., Merali,Z., Park,D.S. Inhibition of calpains prevents neuronal and behavioral deficits in an MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neuroscience 2003; 23(-10-):4081-4091. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); rat; 2001; ; controls received mp with missense oligonucleotide or vehicle; antisense; lumbar approach chosen to minimize trauma from catheter insertion, which the authors felt allowed for pump implantation during the same surgery.

P5565 Young,M.R., Blackburn-Munro,G., Dickinson,T., Johnson,M.J., Anderson,H., Nakalembe,I., Fleetwood-Walker,S.M. Antisense ablation of type I metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1 inhibits spinal nociceptive transmission. The Journal of Neuroscience 1998; 18(-23-):10180-10188. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, sense; Oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified and cannula position verified by immunohistochemistry; good methods p. 10181; antisense ODN's had specificity to the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1).

P5487 Honore,P., Kage,K., Mikusa,J., Watt,A.T., Johnston,J.F., Wyatt,J.R., Faltynek,C.R., Jarvis,M.F., Lynch,K. Analgesic profile of intrathecal P2X3 antisense oligonucleotide treatment in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain states in rats. Pain 2002; 99(-1-2-):11-19. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Water, sterile; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Comparison of single bolus injections vs mp.

P5448 Schmiedt,R.A., Okamura,H.O., Lang,H., Schulte,B.A. Ouabain application to the round window of the gerbil cochlea: A model of auditory neuropathy and apoptosis. JARO 2002; 3(-3-):223-233. >>> Ouabain; Saline; Ear (round window); Gerbil; 2004; 2, 4, 8 days; 2, 24 hours; Tissue perfusion (round window).

P5341 Stoller,D.C., Thornton,S.R., Smith,F.L. Loss of antinociceptive efficacy in rat pups infused with morphine from osmotic minipumps. Pharmacology 2002; 66(-1-):11-18. >>> Morphine sulfate; Saline, isotonic; SC; Rat (neonate); 1003D; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ saline; toxicology; teratology; tolerance; dependence; 6-day and 14-day old rat pups implanted; incision closed w/ vetbond tissue adhesive.

P5337 Slot,L.A.B., Tarayre,J.P., Koek,W., Ribet,J.P., Colpaert,F.C. Experimental conditions for the continuous subcutaneous infusion of four central analgesics in rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2002; 72(-4-):943-951. >>> Morphine HCl; Ketamine HCl; Imipramine HCl; gabapentin; Water, distilled; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ saline; no stress (see pg. 947); 14 day stability verified by HPLC on all agents; the site of pump placement was massaged daily to avoid tissue adherance; opioid and non-opioid analgesics; body weight gain information provided.

P5332 Marriott,L.K., Hauss-Wegrzyniak,B., Benton,R.S., Vraniak,P.D., Wenk,G.L. Long-term estrogen therapy worsens the behavioral and neuropathological consequences of chronic brain inflammation. Behavioral Neuroscience 2002; 116(-5-):902-911. >>> Endotoxin, E. coli; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (fourth ventricle); Rat; 2004; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease); "A change in volume to the CSF space was discounted because the 0.25 ul/hr infusion rate contributed only to about 0.4% of the CSF volume produced by the rat each hour and was only 0.25% of the rat's total CSF volume." (p. 903); 2-day surgery recovery period by CSF infusion.

P5328 Basile,A.S., Fedorova,I., Zapata,A., Liu,X.G., Shippenberg,T., Duttaroy,A., Yamada,M., Wess,J. Deletion of the M-5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor attenuates morphine reinforcement and withdrawal but not morphine analgesia. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES O F AMERICA 2002; 99(-17-):11452-11457. >>> Atropine sulfate; SC; Mice; 7 days; Muscarinic antagonist.

P5236 Tabata,H. Peripheral neuropathy in B6C3F1 mice and SD rats induced by chronic intermittent insulin hypoglycemia. Drug Chem.Toxicol. 2000/8; 23(-3-):485-496. >>> Insulin, bovine; Water; HCl; SC; Rat; Mice; 1007D, 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality veryfied by blood glucose levels; dose-response (p.490); pumps replaced at intervals of 5 to 7 days; peptides; 1007D pumps used in mice; 2002 pumps used in rats; toxicology.

P5199 Homma,Y., Brull,S.J., Zhang,J.M. A comparison of chronic pain behavior following local application of tumor necrosis factor alpha to the normal and mechanically compressed lumbar ganglia in the rat. Pain 2002/2; 95(-3-):239-246. >>> Tumor necrosis factor-a; Tumor Necrosis Factor-a, soluble receptor; HEPES, buffered saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; silicon tubing used to perfuse L5 region dorsal root ganglion; good graphics (p.240); recomb. soluble TNF-a receptor.

P5027 Liu,H.X., Brumovsky,P., Schmidt,R., Brown,W., Payza,K., Hodzic,L., Pou,C., Godbout,C., Hokefelt,T. Receptor subtype-specific pronociceptive and analgesic actions of galanin in the spinal cord: Selective actions via GalR1 and GalR2 receptors. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2001; 98(-17-):9960-9964. >>> Galanin; AR-M1896; AR-M1961;; Saline; Albumin, rat serum; Ampicillin; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 2002; 14 days; peptides; galanin is a 29-aa neuropeptide with a role in pain processing; dissolved in rat serum albumin vehicle; Ampicillin dissolved in saline; AR-M1896 and AR-M961 are Gal R1 and R2 receptor agonists; catheter location examined by lidocaine injection to verify receptor blockade.

P4947 Tsai,Y.C., Sung,Y.H., Chang,P.J., Kang,F.C., Chu,K.S. Tramadol relieves thermal hyperalgesia in rats with chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. FUNDAMENTAL&CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2000; 14(--):335-340. >>> Tramadol; Saline; SC; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by paw withdrawal latency (analgesia index); dose-response (graph p. 337); comparison of sc injection vs. mp; analgesia..

P4894 Ibrahim,M.M., Mata,H.P., Chawla,M., Lai,J., Porreca,F., Malan,TP Jr  JOURNAL OF PAIN 2001; 2(-4-):241-249. >>> Oligonucleotide, antisense; Oligonucleotide, mismatch; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 6 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by immunocytochemistry of ODN-delivered cells; antisense ODN delivered was for mRNA of c-fos, a cellular transcription factor implicated in neuronal activity surrounding nociception..

P4892 Gillingham,M.B., Clark,M.D., Dahly,E.M., Krugner-Higby,L.A., Ney,D.M. A comparison of two opioid analgesics for relief of visceral pain induced by intestinal resection in rats. CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2001; 40(-1-):21-26. >>> Oxymorphone HCl; IP; rat; 32 hours; functionality of mp verified by pain relief indicators - posture, physical condition, behavior; comparison of iv infusions vs mp; compared bolus iv infusion, continuous iv infusion, osmotic pump..

P4831 Carstens,E., Anderson,K.A., Simons,C.T., Carstens,M.I., Jinks,S.L. Analgesia induced by chronic nicotine infusion in rats - Differences by gender and pain test. Psychopharmacology 2001; 157(--):40-45. >>> Nicotine;; Saline;; IV (jugular);; rat;; 2ML2;; 2 weeks;; Functionality of mp verified by previous study results, pump content after sacrifice; dose-response (p. 42); no stress (p. 41); Nicotine was in its free base form;.

P4800 Li,X., Angst,M.S., Clark,J.D. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia and incisional pain. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2001; 93(--):204-209. >>> Morphine sulfate; Naloxone;; Saline;; SC;; rat;; 2ML1;; 6 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tolerance; dependence;.

P4790 Vanderah,T.W., Suenaga,N.M.H., Ossipov,M.H., Malan,TP Jr, Lai,J., Porreca,F. Tonic descending facilitation from the rostral ventromedial medulla mediates opioid-induced abnormal pain and antinociceptive tolerance.. Journal of Neuroscience 2001; 21(-1-):279-286. >>> Morphine; Saline; SC; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of pellets vs. mp; also used morphine pellets; pain.

P4786 Zhang,J.-M., Homma,Y., Ackerman,W.E., Brull,S.J. Topical application of acidic bupivacaine to the lumbar ganglion induces mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat.. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2001; 93(--):466-471. >>> HEPES buffer; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Comparison of spinal injections vs. mp with HEPES; schematic drawing of pump implantation site (p. 467).

P4742 Tang,W, Seidman,M.D, Henig,J.P, Shulman,A, Stracher,A  International Tinnitus Journal 2001; 7(-1-):4-12. >>> Leupeptin;; Hank's solution;; ear (round window);; guinea-pig;; 2002;; 8 weeks;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (bulla); long-term study, pumps replaced every 13 days; IntraEAR catheter used; Leupeptin is a potent calpain inhibitor; neuroprotection; buprenorphine given as postoperative analgesic; chloramphenicol given as prophlactic antibiotic;.

P4722 Choe,C.H, Smith,F.L. Sedative tolerance accompanies tolerance to the analgesic effects of fentanyl in infant rats.. Pediatr.Res. 2000; 47(-6-):727-735. >>> Fentanyl; Saline; Rat (neonate); 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma fentanyl levels; dose-response (table p. 729 / graph p. 730); tolerance; dependence; pumps implanted in 14 day old rat pups; surgical incision was closed with Vetbond tissue adhesive (3M animal care products);.

P4662 Hao,J.-X, Ebendal,T, Xu,X.-J., Wiesenfeld-Hallin,Z., Jonhagen,M.E  Neuroscience Letters 2000; 283(--):208-212. >>> Nerve growth factor; Cytochrome C;; CSF/CNS (parenchyma, cortex, striatum, septum, ventricle);; rat;; 2002;; 14 days;; Controls received mp w/ Cytochrome C; peptides; silicone tubing used to connect cannula to pump..

P4390 Ignatowski,T.A., Covey,W.C., Knight,P.R., Severin,C.M., Nickola,T.J., Spengler,R.N. Brain-derived TNFa mediates neuropathic pain. Brain Research 1999; 841(--):70-77. >>> Antibody, monoclonal hamster anti-murine TNFalpha; Antibody, polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse TNFa; Tumor necrosis factor-a;; CSF, artificial; Gentamycin; Albumin, rat;; CSF/CNS;; rat;; 2002;; 14 days;; controls received mp with aCSF, normal rabbit serum or Armenian hamster IgG isotype control antibody; stability of each antibody, control, and rrTNFa verified by bioassay following 14 days of incubation in aCSF at 37ºC; peptides; ALZET brain infusion kit used; pain;.

P4355 Mohiuddin,L., Delcroix,J.D., Fernyhough,P., Tomlinson,D.R. Focally administered nerve growth factor suppresses molecular regenerative responses of axotomized peripheral afferents in rats. Neuroscience 1999; 91(-1-):265-271. >>> Nerve growth factor;; CSF/CNS (sciatic nerve);; rat;; 2002;; 12 days;; controls received mp with normal saline; peptides; recomb. human NGF used; pain;.

P4328 Thornton,S.R., Lohmann,A.B., Nicholson,R.A., Smith,F.L. Fentanyl self-administration in juvenile rats that were tolerant and dependent to fentanyl as infants. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2000; 65(-3-):563-570. >>> Fentanyl HCl; Saline, pyrogen-free isotonic; SC; Rat (neonate); 1003D; 3-5 days; Controls received mp with saline; tolerance; dependence; pain.

P4327 Bennett,D.L.H., Michael,G.J., Ramachandran,N., Munson,J.B., Averill,S., Yan,Q., McMahon,S.B., Priestley,J.V. A distinct subgroup of small DRG cells express GDNF receptor components and GDNF is protective for these neurons after nerve injury. Journal of Neuroscience 1998; 18(-8-):3059-3072. >>> Glial-derived neurotrophic factor; Nerve growth factor;; Saline; Albumin, rat serum;; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal);; rat;; 2002;; ; controls received mp with vehicle; peptides; recomb. human GDNF and NGF used; pain; silastic tubing used for IT delivery;.

P4325 Dunbar,S.A., Yaksh,T.L. Spinal infusion of N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MK801 induces hypersensitivity to the spinal Alpha-2 agonist ST91 in the rat. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1997; 281(-3-):1219-1225. >>> MK-801; Enkaphalin analog ST-91; Saline, sterile normal;; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal);; rat;; 2001;; 7 days;; controls received mp with vehicle; no stress (see pg. 1221); tolerance; agents infused singly and concomitantly; pain; PE-10 tubing externalized through the top of the skull to allow discontinuation of infusion, and conduit for external drug dosing;.

P4320 Zhou,X.-F., Deng,Y.-S., Chie,E., Xue,Q., Zhong,J.-H., McLachlan,E.M., Rush,R.A., Xian,C.J. Satellite-cell-derived nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3 are involved in noradrenergic sprouting in the dorsal root ganglia following peripheral nerve injury in the rat. European Journal of Neuroscience 1999; 11(--):1711-1722. >>> Antibody, nerve growth factor; Antibody, NT-3; Immunoglobulin, normal sheep;; CSF/CNS (dorsal root ganglia);; rat;; 2 weeks;; ; tissue perfusion (DRG via lesioned L5 spinal nerve); peptides; diagram of experimental model (p. 1712); pain;.

P4318 Sanchez-Blazquez,P., Garcia-Espana,A., Garzon,J. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to opioid mu and delta receptors reduced morphine dependence in mice: role of delta-2 opioid receptors. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1997; 280(-3-):1423-1431. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense;; Saline;; CSF/CNS;; rat;; 2ML4;; 21 days;; dependence; antisense; pain;.

P4308 Thornton,S.R., Smith,F.L. Long-term alterations in opiate antinociception resulting from infant fentanyl tolerance and dependence. European Journal of Pharmacology 1998; 363(--):113-119. >>> Fentanyl HCl;; Saline;; SC;; rat (neonate);; 1003D;; 3-5 days;; controls received mp w/ vehicle; tolerance; dependence;.

P4200 Ogonowski,A.A., May,S.W., Moore,A.B., Barrett,L.T., O'Bryant,C.L., Pollock,S.H. Antiinflammatory and analgesic activity of an inhibitor of neuropeptide amidation. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1997; 280(-2-):846-853. >>> PBA; Saline; SC; rat; 7 days; controls received mp w/saline; antiinflammatory agent; PBA is 4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid.

P4174 Ness,T.J., Follett,K.A. The development of tolerance to intrathecal morphine in rat models of visceral and cutaneous pain. Neurosci.Lett. 1998; 248(--):33-36. >>> Morphine sulfate; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 6 days; controls received mp w/saline; tolerance.

P4103 Ren,K., Thomas,D.A., Dubner,R. Nerve growth factor alleviates a painful peripheral neuropathy in rats. Brain Research 1995; 699(--):286-292. >>> Nerve growth factor; Antiserum, anti-nerve growth factor; Saline; CSF/CNS (sciatic nerve); rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/saline; tissue perfusion (nerve cuff); perforated catheter attached to nerve cuff; delayed infusion; peptides.

P4035 Lewin,G.R., Rueff,A., Mendell,L.M. Peripheral and central mechanisms of NGF-induced hyperalgesia. Eur.J.Neurosci. 1994; 6(--):1903-1912. >>> MK-801; rat; 3-4 days; no comment posted.

P3958 Dunbar,S.A., Pulai,I.J. Repetitive opioid abstinence causes progressive hyperalgesia sensitive to n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor blockade in the rat. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1998; 284(-2-):678-686. >>> Morphine sulfate; MK-801; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 2002; 8 days; controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by in vivo and in vitro assays; pulsed delivery (air used as spacer in Lynch coil); no stress (see pg. 681); good methods (pg. 679); tolerance.

P3935 Kontinen,V.K., Paananen,S., Kalso,E. The effects of the a2-adrenergic agonist, dexmedetomidine, in the spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain in rats. Anesth.Analg. 1998; 86(--):355-360. >>> Dexmedetomidine; Saline, sterile physiological; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/saline; no stress (see pg. 357).

P3843 Lesser,G.J., Grossman,S.A., Leong,K.W., Lo,H., Eller,S. In vitro and in vivo studies of subcutaneous hydromorphone implants designed for the treatment of cancer pain. Pain 1996; 65(--):265-272. >>> Hydromorphone; SC;; rabbit;; 2ML4;; 4 weeks;; functionality of mp verified by blood sample assays; comparison of IV bolus administration vs. EVA polymer drug delivery vs. mp; pain; cancer;.

P3830 White,D. Intrathecal neuropeptide Y exacerbates nerve injury-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Brain Research 1997; 750(--):141-146. >>> Neuropeptide Y; Trinositol, a-; Saline; Heparin; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 14 days; no comment posted.

P3725 Kest,B., McLemore,G., Kao,B., Inturrisi,C.E. The competitive a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptor antagonist LY293558 attenuates and reverses analgesic tolerance to morphine but not to delta or kappa opioids. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1997; 283(--):1249-1255. >>> LY293558; SC; mice; 2001; 7 days; controls received sham surgery; dose-response; no stress (see pg. 1251); tolerance.

P3432 Bhargava,H.N., Zhao,G.M., House,R.V., Thomas,P.T. Effects of chronic administration of 7-benzylidene-7-dehydronaltrexone and naltriben on the antinociceptive actions of d1- and d2-opioid receptor agonists. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1996; 311(--):127-132. >>> BNTX; Naltriben; DMSO; Saline; SC; mice; 1007D; 7 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; BNTX is 7-benzylidene-7-dehydronaltrexone.

P3350 Levy,R., Leiphart,J., Dills,C. Analgesic action of acute and chronic intraspinally administered opiate and a2-adrenergic agonists in chronic neuropathic pain. Stereotact.Funct.Neurosurg. 1994; 62(--):279-289. >>> Morphine sulfate; Tizanidine; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 14 days; controls received mp w/saline; comparison of acute injections vs. mp; tolerance; tizanidine is an a2-adrenergic agonist; catheter tubing coated w/silicon spray.

P3343 Carlton,S.M., Hargett,G.L. Treatment with the NMDA antagonist memantine attenuates nociceptive responses to mechanical stimulation in neuropathic rats. Neurosci.Lett. 1995; 198(--):115-118. >>> Memantine; Saline; DMSO; IP; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle or sham surgery; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; comparison of IP injections vs. mp; 2 mps used in each animal; stress/adverse reaction: combination chronic memantine infusion: pump implantation may have contributed to weight loss; more remarkable antinociceptive effect seen w/infusion and it persisted for 3 days after infusion.

P3333 Thomas,D.A., Ren,K., Besse,D., Ruda,M.A., Dubner,R. Application of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, on injured nerve attentuates neuropathy-induced thermal hyperalgesia in rats. Neurosci.Lett. 1996; 210(--):124-126. >>> L-NAME; D-NAME; SC; CSF/CNS (sciatic nerve); rat; 2001; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/saline; tissue perfusion (nerve cuff); comparison of systemic vs. targeted infusion; pumps replaced on day 8.

P3292 Gouarderes,C., Jhamandas,K., Cridland,R., Cros,J., Quirions,R., Zajac,J.M. Opioid and substance p receptor adaptations in the rat spinal cord following sub-chronic intrathecal treatment with morphine and naloxone. Neuroscience 1993; 54(-3-):799-807. >>> Morphine; Naloxone; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/saline; tolerance; medical category:pain/analgesia;skc.

P3247 Levesque,D., Holtzman,S.G. The potentiating effcets of restraint stress and continuous naloxone infusion on the analgesic potency of morphine are additive. Brain Research 1993; 617(--):176-180. >>> Naloxone HCl; SC; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received empty mp; stress/adverse reaction (pg. 179); possible surgical stress of pump removal may have affected results.

P3174 Millan,M.J., Colpaert,F.C. Opioid systems in the response to inflammatory pain: sustained blockade suggests role of kappa- but not mu-opioid receptors in the modulation of nociception, behaviour and pathology. Neuroscience 1991; 42(-2-):541-553. >>> Naloxone; Water, sterile; SC; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received mp with vehicle; mp placed on flank.

P3155 Menard,D.P., van Rossum,D., Kar,S., Jolicoeur,F.B., Jhamandas,K., Quirion,R. Tolerance to the antinociceptive properties of morphine in the rat spinal cord: alteration of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunostaining and receptor binding sites. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1995; 273(-2-):887-894. >>> Morphine sulfate; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 2002; 3,5,7,14 days; controls received mp with saline; tolerance; catheter tubing filled with saline.

P3074 Zochodne,D.W., Murray,M., Nag,S., Riopelle,R.J. A segmental chronic pain syndrome in rats associated with intrathecal infusion of NMDA: evidence for selective action in the dorsal horn. Can.J.Neurol.Sci. 1994; 21(--):24-28. >>> NMDA; Magnesium sulfate; PBS; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2002; 4-8 weeks; controls received mp with PBS; long-term study, pumps replaced every 2 weeks; NMDA given with MgS04.

P3045 Welin,M., Harro,J., Yukhananov,R., Nyberg,F., Oreland,L. Cholecystokinin receptor binding in morphine analgesia: tolerance, withdrawal and abstinence. Neuropeptides 1994; 26(--):379-383. >>> Morphine acetate; SC; rat; 2ML1; 24-120 hours; controls received mp with saline; tolerance.

P3005 Zhang,R.X., Ruda,M.A., Qiao,J.T. Pre-emptive intrathecal Mk-801, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, inhibits the up-regulation of spinal dynorphin mRNA and hyperalgesia in a rat model of chronic inflammation. Neurosci Lett 1998; 241(-1-):57-60. >>> MK-801; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; NMDA receptor antagonist.

P2887 Malmberg,A.B., Yaksh,T.L. Effect of continuous intrathecal infusion of w-conopeptides, N-type calcium-channel blockers, on behavior and antinociception in the formalin and hot-plate tests in rats. Pain 1995; 60(--):83-90. >>> SNX-III; SNX-239; Morphine sulfate; Saline, physiological; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 2 or 7 days; controls received mp with saline; peptides; tolerance; PE-10 tubing into spinal cord fused with PE-60 tubing on pump; catheter filled with saline to delay drug infusion 18 hours; SNX-III and SNX-239 are w-conopeptides and calcium channel blockers.

P2862 Maves,T.J., Gebhart,G.F., Meller,S.T. Continuous infusion of acidified saline around the rat sciatic nerve produces thermal hyperalgesia. Neurosci.Lett. 1995; 194(--):45-48. >>> Saline; saline, acidified; CSF/CNS (sciatic nerve); rat; 2001; 7 days; pump attached to silastic nerve cuff via silastic tubing; saline was preservative-free and acidified saline was unbuffered; each rat served as its own control -- one sciatic nerve in cuff, the other just exposed; tissue perfusion (sciatic nerve).

P2769 Narita,M., Feng,Y., Makimura,M., Hoskins,B., Ho,I.K. A protein kinase inhibitor, h-7, inhibits the development of tolerance to opioid antinociception. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1994; 271(--):543-545. >>> Morphine; Butorphanol; H7; Saline; CSF/CNS; rat; 2001; 3 days; controls received mp w/saline; tolerance; enzyme inhibitor; H7 administered alone or concomitantly w/morphine and butorphanol in the same pump; one week recovery allowed after icv surgery.

P2745 Eisenberg,E., LaCross,S., Strassman,A.M. The clinically tested N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist memantine blocks and reverses thermal hyperalgesia in a rat model of painful mono-neuropathy. Neurosci.Lett. 1995; 187(--):17-20. >>> Memantine; IP; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received mp w/ saline or no sciatic ligation; comparison of ip injections vs. mp; memantine is 1-amino-3,5-dimethyl-amandate, an NMDA receptor antagonist; multiple pumps per animal (2).

P2713 Dubuc,I., Pain,C., Suaudeau,C., Costentin,J. Tolerance to the hypothermic but not to the analgesic effect of (D-Trp11)neurotensin during the semichronic intracerebroventricular infusion of the peptide in rats. Peptides 1994; 15(-2-):303-307. >>> Neurotensin, (D-Trp11)-; Saline; CSF/CNS; rat; 2002; 10 days; controls received mp w/ saline; comparison of icv injections vs. mp; peptides; tolerance; (D-Trp11)neurotensin is a peptidase-resistant derivative of neurotensin, allowing a longer duration of effect without inactivation.

P2697 Elliott,K., Minami,N., Kolesnikov,Y.A., Pasternak,G.W., Inturrisi,C.E. The NMDA receptor antagonists, LY274614 and MK-801, and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine, attenuate analgesic tolerance to the mu-opioid morphine but not to kappa opioids. Pain 1994; 56(--):69-75. >>> LY-274614; Saline; SC; mice; 7 days; comparison of ip injections vs. mp; tolerance; LY-274614 is a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist.

P2549 Ishii,D.N., Lupien,S.B. Insulin-like growth factors protect against diabetic neuropathy: effects on sensory nerve regeneration in rats. J.Neurosci.Res. 1995; 40(--):138-144. >>> Insulin-like growth factor I; Insulin-like growth factor II; Acetic acid; SC; CSF/CNS (sciatic nerve); rat; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; comparison of targeted vs. systemic infusion; recomb. human IGF-I used.

P2440 Teskey,G.C., Kavaliers,M. Modifications of social conflict-induced analgesic and activity responses in male mice receiving chronic opioid agonist and antagonist treatments. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 1991; 38(--):485-493. >>> Levorphanol tartrate; Naltrexone HCl; U-50,488H; ICI-154,129; Saline; IP; mice; 2001; 7 days; functionality of mp verified by measuring residual pump volume; tolerance.

P2408 Paronis,C.A., Holtzman,S.G. Development of tolerance to the analgesic activity of mu agonists after continuous infusion of morphine, meperidine or fentanyl in rats. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1992; 262(-1-):1-9. >>> Morphine; Meperidine; Fentanyl; Saline; SC; rat; 2ML1; 1 week; tolerance.

P2195 Dierssen,M., Florez,J., Hurle,M.A. Calcium channel modulation by dihydropyridines modifies sufentanil-induced antinociception in acute and tolerant conditions. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch.Pharmacol. 1990; 342(--):559-565. >>> Bay K 8644; Nimodipine; Ethanol; Propylene glycol; Water; rat; 2001; 7 days; tolerance; route not stated.

P2109 Yang,C.-Y., Wu,W.-H., Zbuzek,V.K. Antinociceptive effect of chronic nicotine and nociceptive effect of its withdrawal measured by hot-plate and tail-flick in rats. Psychopharmacology 1992; 106(--):417-420. >>> Nicotine free base; SC; rat; 2ML4; 28 days; functionality of mp verified by plasma levels (pg.419); tolerance.

P2033 Paronis,C.A., Holtzman,S.G. Increased analgesic potency of Mu agonists after continuous naloxone infusion in rats. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1991; 259(-2-):582-589. >>> Naloxone; Saline; SC; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; no comment posted.

P1953 Enters,E.K., Guo,H., Pandey,U., Ko,D., Robinson,S.E. The effect of prenatal methadone exposure on development and nociception during the early postnatal period of the rat. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 1991; 13(--):161-166. >>> Methadone HCl; SC; rat (pregnant); no duration posted; teratology; dependence.

P1863 Taylor,J.R., Lewis,V.O., Elsworth,J.D., Pivirotto,P., Roth,R.H., Redmond,D.E. Yohimbine co-treatment during chronic morphine administration attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal without diminishing tail-flick analgesia in rats. Psychopharmacology 1991; 103(--):407-414. >>> Yohimbine HCl; Water; SC; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; no comment posted.

P1847 Millan,M.J., Colpaert,F.C. The influence of sustained opioid receptor blockade in a model of long-term, localized inflammatory pain in rats. Neurosci.Lett. 1990; 113(--):50-55. >>> Naloxone HCl; Water; SC; rat; 2ML1; 6 days; no comment posted.

P1610 Bowern,N., Ramshaw,I.A., Clark,I.A., Doherty,P.C. Inhibition of autoimmune neuropathological process by treatment with an iron-chelating agent. J.Exp.Med. 1984; 160(--):1532-1543. >>> Desferrioxamine B mesylate; Water; SC; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; also called Deferoxamine.

P1560 Stevens,C., Yaksh,T.L. Potency of infused spinal antinociceptive agents is inversely related to magnitude of tolerance after continuous infusion. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1989; 250(-1-):1-8. >>> Enkephalin analog DADLE; Enkephalin analog DAMGO; Enkephalin analog ST-91; Morphine sulfate; Sufentanil citrate; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; mp connected to Y-catheter; dose-response; peptides.

P1281 Sherman,S.E., Loomis,C.W., Milne,B., Cervenko,F.W. Tolerance to intrathecal oxymetazoline-induced analgesia, with paradigm-dependent cross-tolerance to intrathecal morphine. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1988; 245(-1-):319-326. >>> Morphine; Oxymetazoline; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 3 days; tolerance; intrathecal oxymetazoline causes adverse reactions; comparison of IT injections vs. mp infusion.

P1273 Stevens,C.W., Yaksh,T.L. Time course characteristics of tolerance development to continuously infused antinociceptive agents in rats spinal cord. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1989; 251(-1-):216-223. >>> Enkephalin analog ST-91; Enkephalin analog DADLE; Enkephalin analog DAMGO; Morphine; Sufentanil; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; no comment posted.

P1165 Millan,M.J., Czyonkowski,A., Herz,A. Evidence that mu-opioid receptors mediate midbrain 'stimulation-produced analgesia' in the freely moving rat. Neuroscience 1987; 22(-3-):885-896. >>> Naloxone; Water; SC; rat; 2001; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; concomitant administration of morphine; stimulation of midbrain.

P1164 Stevens,C.W., Yaksh,T.L. Chronic antagonist infusion does not increase morphine antinociception in rat spinal cord. Brain Research 1987; 425(-2-):388-390. >>> Naloxone HCl; Naltrexone HCl; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 7 days; mp connected to a 'Y' catheter; half-life; morphine administered intrathecally via the external arm of the 'Y' catheter; concomitant infusion of agents; comparison of bolus injections vs. mp infusion.

P0980 Russell,R.D., Leslie,J.B., Su,Y.-F., Watkins,W.D., Chang,K.-J. Continuous intrathecal opioid analgesia: Tolerance and cross-tolerance of mu and delta spinal opioid receptors. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1987; 240(-1-):150-158. >>> Enkephalin agonist DADLE; PL 017; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 5 days; controls received mp w/saline; mp connected to intrathecal catheter; peptides.

P0898 Sugimoto,M., Kuraishi,Y., Satoh,M., Takagi,h. Involvement of medullary opioid-peptidergic and spinal noradrenergic systems in the regulation of formalin-induced persistent pain. Neuropharmacology 1986; 25(-5-):481-485. >>> Naloxone HCl; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 3 days; controls received mp w/saline or no treatment; comparison of single icv injection vs. mp infusion.

P0827 Lux,B., Schulz,R. Effect of cholera toxin and pertussis toxin on opioid tolerance and dependence in the guinea-pig myenteric plexus. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1986; 237(-3-):995-1000. >>> Fentanyl dihydrogencitrate; Saline; SC; guinea-pig; 2001; 6 days; pain.

P0632 Milne,B., Cervenko,F., Jhamandas,K., Loomis,C., Sutak,M. Analgesia and tolerance to intrathecal morphine and norepinephrine infusion via implanted mini-osmotic pumps in the rat. Pain 1985; 22(-2-):165-172. >>> Morphine; Norepinephrine; Ascorbic acid; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 2002; 7 or 14 days; comparison of agents effects singly or in sequence; no stress/weight loss p. 167, 169; stability of residual NE determ. by spectrofluorometer; saline/ascorbate used w/NE, vehicle for MOR not stated.

P0591 Spampinato,S., Candeletti,S. Characterization of dynorphin A-induced antinociception at spinal level. Eur.J.Pharmacol. 1985; 110(--):21-30. >>> Dynorphin A; Calcium chloride; Magnesium chloride; Potassium chloride; Saline; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2001; 1 week; peptides.

P0408 Westfall,S.G., Felten,D.L., Mandelbaum,J.A., Moore,S.A., Peterson,R.G. Degenerative neuropathy in insulin-treated diabetic rats. J.Neurol.Sci. 1983; 61(--):93-107. >>> Insulin; Glycerol; Saline; SC; rat; 4 and 8 weeks; comparison of daily sc PZI injec vs. Ultralente insulin vs. mp infusion; suggests mp delivery may cause less nerve degeneration than daily injec; long-term study; peptides.

P0349 Wiesenfeld,Z., Hallin,R.G. Continuous naloxone administration via osmotic minipump decreases autotomy but has no effect on nociceptive threshold in the rat. Pain 1983; 16(-2-):145-153. >>> Naloxone HCl; Saline; SC; rat; 2001; 2ML1; 2-5 weeks; pumps replaced weekly; stress/adverse reaction (fibrous tissue growth and mp malfunction due to tissue growth).

P0347 Mandelbaum,J.A., Felten,D.L., Westfall,S.G., Newlin,G.E., Peterson,R.G. Neuropathic changes associated with insulin treatment of diabetic rats: electron microscopic and morphometric analysis. Brain Res.Bull. 1983; 10(--):377-384. >>> Insulin; Glycerol; SC; rat; 2002; 4 weeks; pumps replaced; comparison of injection vs. infusion; no stress - p. 380; peptides.

P0030 Wei,E. Enkephalin Analogs: Correlation of potencies for analgesia and physical dependence. In 'Characteristics and Function of Opioids,' J.M.Van Ree and L.Terenius (eds.), Elsevier/N.Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam 1978; (--):445-446. >>> Enkephalin analog; CSF/CNS (fourth ventricle); rat; no duration posted; no comment posted.