References on Pain Research Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

Q0784 Calvo,M., Zhu,N., Grist,J., Ma,Z.Z., Loeb,J.A., Bennett,D.L.H. Following Nerve Injury Neuregulin-1 Drives Microglial Proliferation and Neuropathic Pain via the MEK/ERK Pathway. Glia 2011; 59(-4-):554-568. >>> PD168393; DMSO; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subsubarachnoid space); Rat; 2002; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Wistar, adult); 5% DMSO used.

Q0888 Cheong,E., Kim,C., Choi,B.J., Sun,M., Shin,H.S. Thalamic Ryanodine Receptors Are Involved in Controlling the Tonic Firing of Thalamocortical Neurons and Inflammatory Pain Signal Processing. Journal of Neuroscience 2011; 31(-4-):1213-1218. >>> Caffeine; ryanodine; CSF/CNS (thalamus); Mice; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (F1 hybrid, male); cannula placement verified postmortem via histology.

Q0914 Hayashi,M., Kamiya,Y., Itoh,H., Higashi,T., Miyazaki,T., Funakoshi,K., Yamashita,N., Goshima,Y., Andoh,T., Yamada,Y., Goto,T. Intrathecally administered Sema3A protein attenuates neuropathic pain behavior in rats with chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH 2011; 69(-1-):17-24. >>> Sema3A; Saline; albumin, rat serum; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Sprague-Dawley, male, 220-300 g); neuropathic pain.

Q0832 Kobayashi,A., Shinoda,M., Sessle,B.J., Honda,K., Imamura,Y., Hitomi,S., Tsuboi,Y., Okada-Ogawa,A., Iwata,K. Mechanisms involved in extraterritorial facial pain following cervical spinal nerve injury in rats. Molecular Pain 2011; 7(-;-):U1-U11. >>> PD98059; fluoroacetate; DMSO; CSF/CNS (spinal cord, intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (adult, male, Sprague Dawley, 200-300 g); enzyme inhibitor (mitogen-activated protein kinase, MEK 1/2); 10% DMSO used.

Q0735 Raehal,K.M., Bohn,L.M. The role of beta-arrestin2 in the severity of antinociceptive tolerance and physical dependence induced by different opioid pain therapeutics. Neuropharmacology 2011; 60(-1-):58-65. >>> Morphine; methadone; fentanyl; oxycodone; Water, sterile, distilled; SC; Mice; 7 days; Animal info (male, WT, barr2-KO); dependence; wound clips used.

Q0907 Saghafi,N., Lam,D.K., Schmidt,B.L. Cannabinoids attenuate cancer pain and proliferation in a mouse model. Neuroscience Letters 2011; 488(-3-):247-251. >>> WIN55,212-2; ACEA; AM1241; DMSO; water; SC; Mice (nude); 2002; 2 weeks; Animal info (Foxn1 nu, athymic, 4-5 wks old, 20-25 g); cancer (oral); behavioral testing (mechanical allodynia); 50% DMSO used; wound clips used; pain.

Q0779 Sarkis,R., Saade,N., Atweh,S., Jabbur,S., Al-Amin,H. Chronic dizocilpine or apomorphine and development of neuropathy in two rat models I: Behavioral effects and role of nucleus accumbens. Experimental Neurology 2011; 228(-1-):19-29. >>> MK-801; apomorphine HCL hemihydrate; Saline; ascorbic acid; CSF/CNS (nucleus accumbens); Rat; 2002; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (adult, female, Sprague Dawley, 200-300 g); post op. care (dexamethasone injections to prevent brain edema); behavioral testing (mechanical allodynia, Paw withdrawal latency, cold allodynia, hotplate test, spontaneous motor activity); cannula placement verified by picomicrograph of brain section; CCI, chronic constriction injury; SNI, spared nerve injury.

Q0845 Shen,C.H., Tsai,R.Y., Shih,M.S., Lin,S.L., Tai,Y.H., Chien,C.C., Wong,C.S. Etanercept Restores the Antinociceptive Effect of Morphine and Suppresses Spinal Neuroinflammation in Morphine-Tolerant Rats. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2011; 112(-2-):454-459. >>> Morphine; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (male, Wistar, 300-350 g); two intrathecal catheters inserted caudally into the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord; catheter was made by sealing PE-10 to silastic tubing with epoxy resin and silicone rubber; dead space of the catheter was about 8 ul; pain.

Q0724 Stagg,N.J., Mata,H.P., Ibrahim,M.M., Henriksen,E.J., Porreca,F., Vanderah,T.W., Malan,TP Jr  Anesthesiology 2011; 114(-4-):940-948. >>> Naltrexone; Saline; SC; Rat; 2006; 5 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250-380 g); wound clips used; neuropathic pain.

Q0685 Toda,S., Sakai,A., Ikeda,Y., Sakamoto,A., Suzuki,H. A local anesthetic, ropivacaine, suppresses activated microglia via a nerve growth factor-dependent mechanism and astrocytes via a nerve growth factor-independent mechanism in neuropathic pain. Molecular Pain 2011; 7(-;-):U1-U11. >>> Nerve growth factor, beta, recomb., rat; Saline; albumin, rat, serum; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 220-300 g); chronic constrictive injury (CCI).

Q0846 Yamdeu,R.S., Shaqura,M., Mousa,S.A., Schaefer,M., Droese,J. p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activation by Nerve Growth Factor in Primary Sensory Neurons Upregulatesμ-Opioid Receptors to Enhance Opioid Responsiveness Toward Better Pain Control. Anesthesiology 2011; 114(-1-):150-161. >>> Fentanyl propionanilide; buprenorphine hydrochloride; Saline, isotonic; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 96 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male Wistar, 200-250 g); pain.

P9904 Boettger,M.K., Weber,K., Grossmann,D., Gajda,M., Bauer,R., Baer,K.J., Schulz,S., Voss,A., Geis,C., Braeuer,R., Schaible,H.G. Spinal Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha-Neutralization Reduces Peripheral Inflammation and Hyperalgesia and Suppresses Autonomic Responses in Experimental Arthritis A Role for Spinal Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha-During Induction and Maintenance of Peripheral Inflammation. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2010; 62(-5-):1308-1318. >>> Etanercept; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2ML4; 3, 21 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle: animal info (Lewis, 6-8 wks, 160-180 g); ALZET intrathecal catheter used; schematic drawing with ALZET pump and catheter.

Q0005 Boettger,M.K., Weber,K., Gajda,M., Braeuer,R., Schaible,H.G. Spinally applied ketamine or morphine attenuate peripheral inflammation and hyperalgesia in acute and chronic phases of experimental arthritis. BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY 2010; 24(-3-):474-485. >>> Ketamine, Morphine; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2ML4; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tolerance; ALZET brain infusion kit used; half-life pg 477 (2.5 hrs in CSF (ketamine); 2.1 hrs (morphine)); animal info (Female, Lewis, 6-8 wks old, 160-180 g); dorsal laminectomy; behavioral testing (pain related behavior).

Q0101 Calvo,M., Zhu,N., Tsantoulas,C., Ma,Z.Z., Grist,J., Loeb,J.A., Bennett,D.L.H. Neuregulin-ErbB Signaling Promotes Microglial Proliferation and Chemotaxis Contributing to Microgliosis and Pain after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Journal of Neuroscience 2010; 30(-15-):5437-5450. >>> PD168393; DMSO; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Wistar, adult); 5% DMSO used.

Q0009 Cirillo,G., Cavaliere,C., Bianco,M.R., De Simone,A., Colangelo,A.M., Sellitti,S., Alberghina,L., Papa,M. Intrathecal NGF Administration Reduces Reactive Astrocytosis and Changes Neurotrophin Receptors Expression Pattern in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 2010; 30(-1-):51-62. >>> Nerve growth factor, b-, recomb. rat; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (adult, male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-300 g); SCI; spinal cord injury; behavioral testing (thermal nociceptive testing, mechanical allodynia).

Q0423 Doyle,T., Bryant,L., Muscoli,C., Cuzzocrea,S., Esposito,E., Chen,Z.M., Salvemini,D. Spinal NADPH oxidase is a source of superoxide in the development of morphine-induced hyperalgesia and antinociceptive tolerance. Neuroscience Letters 2010; 483(-2-):85-89. >>> Morphine; Saline; SC; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle.

Q0062 Fossat,P., Dobremez,E., Bouali-Benazzouz,R., Favereaux,A., Bertrand,S.S., Kilk,K., Leger,C., Cazalets,J.R., Langel,U., Landry,M., Nagy,F. Knockdown of L Calcium Channel Subtypes: Differential Effects in Neuropathic Pain. Journal of Neuroscience 2010; 30(-3-):1073-1085. >>> Nicardipine; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1007D; 5 days; Animal info (adult, Wistar, 250-300 g.); PE-10 catheter used.

Q0146 Gao,Y.J., Xu,Z.Z., Liu,Y.C., Wen,Y.R., Decosterd,I., Ji,R.R. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) in spinal astrocytes is required for the maintenance of bilateral mechanical allodynia under a persistent inflammatory pain condition. Pain 2010; 148(-2-):309-319. >>> D-JNK-1; SP 600125; Saline; DMSO; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 220-260 g., 20-30 g, JNK1 -/-, JNK2 -/-); PE-10 catheter used; 10% DMSO used; "We cannot exclude the possibility that the peptide inhibitor is degraded over time at the body temperature" pg 314.

Q0424 Horvath,R.J., Landry,R.P., Romero-Sandoval,E.A., DeLeo,J.A. MORPHINE TOLERANCE ATTENUATES THE RESOLUTION OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN AND ENHANCES SPINAL MICROGLIAL p38 AND EXTRACELLULAR RECEPTOR KINASE PHOSPHORYLATION. Neuroscience 2010; 169(-2-):843-854. >>> Morphine; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/saline; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 175-200 g); pumps replaced after 7 days; "All morphine pumps delivered 0.833 mg/kg/h morphine, the equivalent of twice daily 10 mg/kg injections over the course of 24 h." pg 844.

P9960 Jackson,K.J., Carroll,F.I., Negus,S.S., Damaj,M.I. Effect of the selective kappa-opioid receptor antagonist JDTic on nicotine antinociception, reward, and withdrawal in the mouse. Psychopharmacology 2010; 210(-2-):285-294. >>> Nicotine; Mice; 1007D; 7, 14 days; Animal info (8-10 wks old, 20-25 g); 28-day pumps used; withdrawal.

P9940 Juni,A., Cai,M.Y., Stankova,M., Waxman,A.R., Arout,C., Klein,G., Dahan,A., Hruby,V.J., Mogil,J.S., Kest,B. Sex-specific Mediation of Opioid-induced Hyperalgesia by the Melanocortin-1 Receptor. Anesthesiology 2010; 112(-1-):181-188. >>> Morphine; Saline; SC; Mice; 2001; 7 days; Animal info (naive, adult, CD-1, b6, e/e); "Osmotic pumps provide continuous infusion for 7 days, thereby preventing hyperalgesia associated with withdrawal in morphine-dependent subjects that can potentially confound experiments in which chronic morphine treatment is accomplished via repeated acute injections." pg. 182.

Q0898 Kasselman,L.J., Rutkove,S.B. APPLICATION OF ANGIOTENSIN II TO HEALTHY RAT SCIATIC NERVE CAN PRODUCE NEUROPATHY WITHOUT ASSOCIATED VASCULOPATHY. Muscle&Nerve 2010; 42(-6-):959-965. >>> Angiotensin II; CSF/CNS (sciatic nerve); Rat; 2004; 12 weeks; Controls received mp w/ PBS; animal info (male, Wistar, 250-300 g); peptides; long-term study; good methods, pg 960; no stress (see pg. 961) "All animals from both groups survived the surgery without complications"; pump connected to silicone tube that was connected to a piece of Gelfoam; Fig. 1, schematic of pump, tube, and gelfoam. pg 960.

Q0738 Lagraize,S.C., Guo,W., Yang,K., Wei,F., Ren,K., Dubner,R. SPINAL CORD MECHANISMS MEDIATING BEHAVIORAL HYPERALGESIA INDUCED BY NEUROKININ-1 TACHYKININ RECEPTOR ACTIVATION IN THE ROSTRAL VENTROMEDIAL MEDULLA. Neuroscience 2010; 171(-4-):1341-1356. >>> Substance P; PBS; CSF/CNS (rostral ventromedial medulla); Rat; 1003D; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 80-300 g); pain.

Q0178 Obata,K., Katsura,H., Mizushima,T., Yamanaka,H., Kobayashi,K., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Tokunaga,A., Tominaga,M., Noguchi,K. TRPA1 induced in sensory neurons contributes to cold hyperalgesia after inflammation and nerve injury (vol 115, pg 2393, 2005). Journal of Clinical Investigation 2010; 120(-1-):394-394. >>> SB203580; antibody, anti-NGF; oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; oligodeoxynucleotide, FITC-, antisense; Saline; DMSO; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ missense oligo; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 g, SNL); antisense (TRPA1); enzyme inhibitor (p38 MAP kinase); 50% DMSO; behavioral testing (basal pain hypersensitivity, paw withdrawal latency, mechanical withdrawal threshold).

P9949 Okubo,M., Yamanaka,H., Kobayashi,K., Noguchi,K. Leukotriene Synthases and the Receptors Induced by Peripheral Nerve Injury in the Spinal Cord Contribute to the Generation of Neuropathic Pain. Glia 2010; 58(-5-):599-610. >>> AA-861; U-75302; SB203580; pranlukast; U0126; Ethanol; saline; DMSO; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 2001; ; Controls received mp w/ saline; enzyme inhibitor (5-lipoxygenase); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200-250 g); 0.02-0.2% ethanol used; 50% DMSO used; spinal nerve injury; behavioral testing (mechanical allodynia).

Q0499 Puerta,E., Hervias,I., Barros-Minones,L., Jordan,J., Ricobaraza,A., Cuadrado-Tejedor,M., Garcia-Osta,A., Aguirre,N. Sildenafil protects against 3-nitropropionic acid neurotoxicity through the modulation of calpain, CREB, and BDNF. NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE 2010; 38(-2-):237-245. >>> Nitropropionic acid, 3-; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 5 days; Animal info (male, Lewis, 290-340 g.); neurodegenerative (Huntington's Disease).

Q0421 Rivat,C., Becker,C., Blugeot,A., Zeau,B., Mauborgne,A., Pohl,M., Benoliel,J.J. Chronic stress induces transient spinal neuroinflammation, triggering sensory hypersensitivity and long-lasting anxiety-induced hyperalgesia. Pain 2010; 150(-2-):358-368. >>> CI-988; chlordiazepoxide; aspirin; DMSO; saline; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2ML1; 2001; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Male, Sprague-Dawley, 300-325 g, 8 wks old; ALZET intrathecal catheter used (0007740); behavioral testing (elevated plus-maze).

Q0840 Rowley,T.J., McKinstry,A., Greenidge,E., Smith,W., Flood,P. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of choline in a mouse model of postoperative pain. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2010; 105(-2-):201-207. >>> Choline; SC; Mice; 24, 48 hours; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (male, female, C57/Bl6, 6-10 wks old); behavioral testing (hind-paw withdrawal latency); ED50 choline dose was 1.7 (0.3) mg/kg/hr.

Q0147 Shibasaki,M., Sasaki,M., Miura,M., Mizukoshi,K., Ueno,H., Hashimoto,S., Tanaka,Y., Amaya,F. Induction of high mobility group box-1 in dorsal root ganglion contributes to pain hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury. Pain 2010; 149(-3-):514-521. >>> HMGB-1, anti; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 7 days; Animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200-220 g.); PE-10 catheter used.

Q0764 Tumati,S., Roeske,W.R., Largent-Milnes,T., Wang,R., Vanderah,T.W., Varga,E.V. Sustained morphine-mediated pain sensitization and antinociceptive tolerance are blocked by intrathecal treatment with Raf-1-selective siRNA. British Journal of Pharmacology 2010; 161(-1-):51-64. >>> Morphine; SC; Rat; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, adult, 200-225 g); behavioral testing (Mechanical allodynia, Antinociceptive tolerance).

Q0415 Wijnvoord,N., Albuquerque,B., Haeussler,A., Myrczek,T., Popp,L., Tegeder,I. Inter-strain differences of serotonergic inhibitory pain control in inbred mice. Molecular Pain 2010; 6(-;-):U1-U11. >>> pCPA; Ringer's solution; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Mice; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (Male C57BL/6J, 129 Sv, DBA/2J, and BALB/c); enzyme inhibitor (tryptophan hydroxylases); pCPA also known as 4-Chloro-DL-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride; polytetrafluoroethylene tube connected to silicon tube connected to pump; correct catheter placement verified by checking catheter positioning at the end of the treatment period by microscopic inspection.

Q0559 Brades,S., Svensson,C.I., Steinauer,J., Pothoulakis,C., Yaksh,T.L., Mayer,E.A. Role of Spinal Microglia in Visceral Hyperalgesia and NK1R Up-Regulation in a Rat Model of Chronic Stress. Gastroenterology 2009; 136(-4-):1339-1348. >>> SB203580; minocycline; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (adult, male, Wistar, 250-275 g); enzyme inhibitor (MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase); PE5 connected to PE10 tubing used; catheter position verified postmortem.

Q0464 Chen,S.R., Samoriski,G., Pan,H.L. Antinociceptive effects of chronic administration of uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists in a rat model of diabetic neuropathic pain. Neuropharmacology 2009; 57(-2-):121-126. >>> Neramexane mesylate; memantine; gabapentin; Saline, sterile; water; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, 225-250 g, STZ induced diabetes); functionality of mp verified by plasma drug levels; post op. care (penicillin); wound clips used; neuropathic pain.

P9873 Echeverry,S., Shi,X.Q., Haw,A., Liu,H., Zhang,Z., Zhang,J. Transforming growth factor-beta-1 impairs neuropathic pain through pleiotropic effects. Molecular Pain 2009; 5(-;-):U1-U18. >>> Transforming growth factor-1, beta; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1007D; 2002; 7, 14 days; Animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250-275 g); incorrectly stated pump model as 2002D.

Q0543 Hutchinson,M.R., Lewis,S.S., Coats,B.D., Skyba,D.A., Crysdale,N.Y., Berkelhammer,D.L., Brzeski,A., Northcutt,A., Vietz,C.M., Judd,C.M., Maier,S.F., Watkins,L.R., Johnson,K.W. Reduction of opioid withdrawal and potentiation of acute opioid analgesia by systemic AV411 (ibudilast). BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY 2009; 23(-2-):240-250. >>> Morphine; oxycodone; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (pathogen-free, male, Sprague-Dawley, 300-350 g); multiple pumps per animal (2); PE60 catheter connected to pump for 2-day delayed low-dose infusion.

P9576 Jeong,J.O., Kim,M.O., Kim,H., Lee,M.Y., Kim,S.W., Ii,M., Lee,J.U., Lee,J., Choi,Y.J., Cho,H.J., Lee,N., Silver,M., Wecker,A., Kim,D.W., Yoon,Y.S. Dual Angiogenic and Neurotrophic Effects of Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells on Diabetic Neuropathy. Circulation 2009; 119(-5-):699-U93. >>> Uridine, bromodeoxy-; SC; Mice; 4 weeks; Animal info (C57BL/6J, 6 wks old, male).

Q0775 Khasar,S.G., Dina,O.A., Green,P.G., Levine,J.D. Sound Stress-Induced Long-Term Enhancement of Mechanical Hyperalgesia in Rats Is Maintained by Sympathoadrenal Catecholamines. JOURNAL OF PAIN 2009; 10(-10-):1073-1077. >>> Epinephrine; SC; Rat; 2004; 14 days; Animal info (adrenal medullecomty, adult, male, Sprague Dawley, 300-400 g); functionality of mp verified by plasma drug levels.

P9748 Klein,G., Rossi,G.C., Waxman,A.R., Arout,C., Juni,A., Inturrisi,C.E., Kest,B. The contribution of MOR-1 exons 1-4 to morphine and heroin analgesia and dependence. Neuroscience Letters 2009; 457(-3-):115-119. >>> Heroin hydrochloride; morphine sulfate; Saline; SC; Mice; 2001; ; Controls received mp w/vehicle; dependence; animal info (adult, male, CD-1).

Q0270 Kondo,T., Obata,K., Miyoshi,K., Sakurai,J., Tanaka,J., Miwa,H., Noguchi,K. Transient receptor potential A1 mediates gastric distention-induced visceral pain in rats. Gut 2009; 58(-10-):1342-1352. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, mismatch; Saline, normal; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 1003D; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 190-260 g.); antisense (TRPA1); incorrectly listed Model 2003 pumps.

P9630 Kramer,P.R., Bellinger,L.L. The Effects of Cycling Levels of 17-beta-Estradiol and Progesterone on the Magnitude of Temporomandibular Joint-Induced Nociception. Endocrinology 2009; 150(-8-):3680-3689. >>> Estradiol, 17-beta; PEG; Rat; ; Controls received mp w/vehicle; replacement therapy (ovariectomy); animal info (female, 250g, Sprague Dawley).

Q0937 Li,W.W., Sabsovich,I., Guo,T.Z., Zhao,R., Kingery,W.S., Clark,J.D. The role of enhanced cutaneous IL-1 beta signaling in a rat tibia fracture model of complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2009; 144(-3-):303-313. >>> Anakinra; SC; Rat; 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ sham surgery; animal info (adult, male, Sprague Dawley, 9 mo old); behavioral testing (mechanical allodynia); pain.

Q0665 Madia,P.A., Dighe,S.V., Sirohi,S., Walker,E.A., Yoburn,B.C. Dosing protocol and analgesic efficacy determine opioid tolerance in the mouse. Psychopharmacology 2009; 207(-3-):413-422. >>> Etorphine; oxycodone; hydrocodone; methadone; Saline; DMSO; SC; Mice; 2001; 7 days; Controls received placebo pellets wrapped in nylon mesh; animal info (Male, Swiss Webster, 23-30 g); tolerance; comparison of SC injections vs mp; "Higher doses of hydrocodone, oxycodone, and methadone could not be infused due to solubility issues." pg 415; 20% DMSO used; "infusion with hydrocodone or methadone produced greater tolerance than acute or intermittent treatment" pg 417.

P9353 Matsushita,H., Ishihara,A., Mashiko,S., Tanaka,T., Kanno,T., Iwaasa,H., Ohta,H., Kanatani,A. Chronic Intracerebroventricular Infusion of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Produces Body Weight Gain by Affecting Both Feeding and Energy Metabolism in Mice. Endocrinology 2009; 150(-6-):2668-2673. >>> Nociceptin/OrphaninFQ; Saline; BSA; CSF/CNS; Mice; 2002; 2004; 12 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; saline pumps replaced after 2 week recovery period with N/OFQ filled pumps; ALZET brain infusion kit used; post op. care (Cefamezin alpha); animal info (male, C57BL/6, 17 or 28 wks old); N/OFQ is an endogenous ligand for opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1).

P9816 McAlpine,F.E., Lee,J.K., Harms,A.S., Ruhn,K.A., Blurton-Jones,M., Hong,J., Das,P., Golde,T.E., LaFerla,F.M., Oddo,S., Blesch,A., Tansey,M.G. Inhibition of soluble TNF signaling in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease prevents pre-plaque amyloid-associated neuropathology. NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE 2009; 34(-1-):163-177. >>> XENP345; PBS, sterile; glycerol; CSF/CNS (hippocampus); Mice; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp/ vehicle; animal info (young, adult, 4.5 months old, 3xTgAD); Plastics One Cannula used; XENP 345 is a dominant negative TNF inhibitor; neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's Disease); brain tissue distribution.

P9615 Novak,K.R., Nardelli,P., Cope,T.C., Filatov,G., Glass,J.D., Khan,J., Rich,M.M. Inactivation of sodium channels underlies reversible neuropathy during critical illness in rats. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2009; 119(-5-):1150-1158. >>> Oxymorphone; IM (abdominal); Rat; ; Post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (female, Wistar, 250-300g).

Q0923 Okada-Ogawa,A., Suzuki,I., Sessle,B.J., Chiang,C.Y., Salter,M.W., Dostrovsky,J.O., Tsuboi,Y., Kondo,M., Kitagawa,J., Kobayashi,A., Noma,N., Imamura,Y., Iwata,K. Astroglia in Medullary Dorsal Horn (Trigeminal Spinal Subnucleus Caudalis) Are Involved in Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain Mechanisms. Journal of Neuroscience 2009; 29(-36-):11161-11171. >>> Sodium fluoroacetate; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, pia mater); Rat; 2001; ; Controls received mp w/ isotonic saline; animal info (male, adult, Sprague Dawley, 280-380 g); enzyme inhibitor (astroglial aconitase); behavioral testing (escape threshold; soft microsilicon tube (0.8 mm in diameter) used.

P9828 Piriz,J., Torres-Aleman,I., Nunez,A. INDEPENDENT ALTERATIONS IN THE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL SOMATOSENSORY PATHWAYS IN RAT DIABETIC NEUROPATHY. Neuroscience 2009; 160(-2-):402-411. >>> Immunoglobulin growth factor-1, recomb. human; NaCl; SC; Rat; 2004; 28 days; Controls received no treatment; animal info (male, Wistar, 16 wks old); diabetes.

P9646 Sakoori,K., Murphy,N.P. Enhanced nicotine sensitivity in nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor knockout mice. Neuropharmacology 2009; 56(-5-):896-904. >>> Nicotine; NaCl; SC; Mice; 14 days; Animal info (3-5 mo, NOP receptor KO).

P9594 Sirohi,S., Dighe,S.V., Madia,P.A., Yoburn,B.C. The Relative Potency of Inverse Opioid Agonists and a Neutral Opioid Antagonist in Precipitated Withdrawal and Antagonism of Analgesia and Toxicity. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2009; 330(-2-):513-519. >>> Fentanyl; SC; Mice; 2001; 72 hours; Dependence; animal info (Swiss-Webster, 25-33g).

P9846 Takeda,R., Watanabe,Y., Ikeda,T., Abe,H., Ebihara,K., Matsuo,H., Nonaka,H., Hashiguchi,H., Nishimori,T., Ishida,Y. Analgesic effect of milnacipran is associated with c-Fos expression in the anterior cingulate cortex in the rat neuropathic pain model. NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH 2009; 64(-4-):380-384. >>> Milnacipran; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; ; Controls received sham operation; animal info (Sprague Dawley, 320-350 g.); behavioral testing (withdrawal response); "The pump makes it possible to precisely and continuously administer systemic drug-delivery without any repeated harmful treatment" pg. 381.

Q0789 Upadhya,M.A., Dandekar,M.P., Kokare,D.M., Singru,P.S., Subhedar,N.K. Involvement of neuropeptide Y in the acute, chronic and withdrawal responses of morphine in nociception in neuropathic rats: Behavioral and neuroanatomical correlates. Neuropeptides 2009; 43(-4-):303-314. >>> Morphine; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 8 days; Animal info (adult, male, Sprague-Dawley, 230-250 g); tolerance; behavioral testing (thermal paw withdrawal test); guide cannula used.

Q0272 van Dorp,E.L.A., Kest,B., Kowalczyk,W.J., Morariu,A.M., Waxman,A.R., Arout,C.A., Dahan,A., Sarton,E.Y. Morphine-6 beta-glucuronide Rapidly increases Pain Sensitivity Independently of Opioid Receptor Activity in Mice and Humans. Anesthesiology 2009; 110(-6-):1356-1363. >>> Morphine-6 beta-glucuronide; MK-801; Saline; SC; Mice; 2001; ; Animal info (adult, male, CD-1, TrKO, B6129F1); "Osmotic pumps afford continuous opioid infusions and control for hyperalgesia associated with withdrawal in opioid-dependent subjects that potentially confounds experiments in which chronic opioid treatment is accomplished via repeated acute injections." pg 1357.

Q0747 Wang,W.F., Baghdoyan,H.A., Lydic,R. Leptin Replacement Restores Supraspinal Cholinergic Antinociception in Leptin-Deficient Obese Mice. JOURNAL OF PAIN 2009; 10(-8-):836-843. >>> Leptin; Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Animal info (adult, male, B6, obese); functionality of mp verified by leptin ELISA kit; obesity.

P9573 Wang,X., LeVatte,T.L., Archibalda,M.L., Chauhan,B.C. Increase in endothelin B receptor expression in optic nerve astrocytes in endothelin-1 induced chronic experimental optic neuropathy. Experimental Eye Research 2009; 88(-3-):378-385. >>> Endothelin-1; CSF/CNS (optic nerve); Rat; 2004; 28 days; Post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (adult, male, Brown Norway, 250-300g); fellow eye served as untreated control; silastic tubing used; brain tissue distribution.

Q0727 Waxman,A.R., Arout,C., Caldwell,M., Dahan,A., Kest,B. Acute and chronic fentanyl administration causes hyperalgesia independently of opioid receptor activity in mice. Neuroscience Letters 2009; 462(-1-):68-72. >>> Fentanyl; Saline; SC; Mice; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (adult, male, CD-1); comparison of SC injections vs. mp; "Although acute fentanyl injection (0.25 mg/kg) caused hyperalgesia within 15 min, hyperalgesia was not similarly evident on infusion Day 1 even though pumps were filled with a fentanyl dose (10mg/kg/24 h) that dispenses ~0.42 mg/kg/h, almost double the dose given by bolus injection." pg 71.

P9539 Xanthos,D.N., Kumar,N., Theodorsson,E., Coderre,T.J. The roles of nerve growth factor and cholecystokinin in the enhancement of morphine analgesia in a rodent model of central nervous system inflammation. Neuropharmacology 2009; 56(-3-):684-691. >>> Nerve growth factor, beta; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Long Evans, hooded).

Q0260 Zulauf,L., Coste,O., Marian,C., Moeser,C., Brenneis,C., Niederberger,E. Cofilin phosphorylation is involved in nitric oxide/cGMP-mediated nociception. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2009; 390(-4-):1408-1413. >>> Y-27632; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 5 days; Enzyme inhibitor (ROCK); behavioral testing (paw withdrawal latency).

P9380 Cheong,E.J., Lee,S.C., Choi,B.J., Sun,M.J., Lee,C.J., Shin,H.S. Tuning Thalamic Firing Modes via Simultaneous Modulation of T- and L-Type Ca2+ Channels Controls Pain Sensory Gating in the Thalamus. Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 28(-49-):13331-13340. >>> Phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate; chelerythrine; apamin; iberiotoxin; CSF/CNS (thalamus); Mice; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, C57BL/6, 129S4/SvJac, wt, PLCB4 -/-); cannula position confirmed by post mortem histology; behavioral testing (visceral pain test).

P8832 Dina,O.A., Khasar,S.G., essandri-Haber,N., Green,P.G., Messing,R.O., Levine,J.D. Alcohol-induced stress in painful alcoholic neuropathy. European Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 27(-1-):83-92. >>> Epinephrine; Saline; ascorbic acid; SC; Rat; 2004; 3 weeks; Replacement therapy (adrenal medullectomy); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250-450g.).

P9158 Dina,O.A., Khasar,S.G., essandri-Haber,N., Bogen,O., Chen,X.J., Green,P.G., Reichling,D.B., Messing,R.O., Levine,J.D. Neurotoxic catecholamine metabolite in nociceptors contributes to painful peripheral neuropathy. European Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 28(-6-):1180-1190. >>> Epinephrine; Saline; ascorbic acid; Rat; ; Animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 270-450 g.).

P9157 Goicoechea,C., Sanchez,E., Cano,C., Jagerovic,N., Martin,M.I. Analgesic activity and pharmacological characterization of N-[1-phenylpyrazol-3-yl]-N-[1-(2-phenethyl)-4-piperidyl] propenamide, a new opioid agonist acting peripherally. European Journal of Pharmacology 2008; 595(-1-3-):22-29. >>> Fentanyl; IQMF-4; SC; Mice; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; tolerance; animal info (male, CD1, 25-30 g.); IQMF-4 also known as N-[1-phenylpyrazol-3-yl]-N-[1-(2-phenethyl)-4-piperidyl] propenamide, is a fentanyl analog; behavioral testing (nociceptive response).

P9411 Hayashida,K.I., Clayton,B.A., Johnson,J.E., Eisenach,J.C. Brain derived nerve growth factor induces spinal noradrenergic fiber sprouting and enhances clonidine analgesia following nerve injury in rats. Pain 2008; 136(-3-):348-355. >>> Antibody, polyclonal sheep anti-BDNF; immunoglobulin G, sheep; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 11 days; Controls received mp w/ IgG; no stress (see pg. 351); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200-250 g., spinal nerve ligation); behavioral testing (withdrawal threshold); "animals tolerated intrathecal infusion of the antibody to BDNF with no change in spontaneous behavior." (p. 351).

P9163 Hutchinson,M.R., Zhang,Y.N., Brown,K., Coats,B.D., Shridhar,M., Sholar,P.W., Patel,S.J., Crysdale,N.Y., Harrison,J.A., Maier,S.F., Rice,K.C., Watkins,L.R. Non-stereoselective reversal of neuropathic pain by naloxone and naltrexone: involvement of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). European Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 28(-1-):20-29. >>> Naloxone; Saline, sterile; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 4 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 300-375 g.); sciatic nerve injury.

P9747 Jiang,L.Q., Wang,M.Y., Zhang,J., Monticone,R.E., Telljohann,R., Spinetti,G., Pintus,G., Lakatta,E.G. Increased Aortic Calpain-1 Activity Mediates Age-Associated Angiotensin II Signaling of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. PLoS One 2008; 3(-5-):U370-U381. >>> Angiotensin II; SC; Rat; 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/saline; peptides; animal info (8-30 months old, Fischer 344, Brown Norway).

P9331 Kim,D.H., Fitzsimmons,B., Hefferan,M.P., Svensson,C.I., Wancewicz,E., Monia,B.P., Hung,G., Butler,M., Marsala,M., Hua,X.Y., Yaksh,T.L. Inhibition of spinal cytosolic phospholipase A2 expression by an antisense oligonucleotide attenuates tissue injury-induced hyperalgesia. Neuroscience 2008; 154(-3-):1077-1087. >>> Oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate missense; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 5 days; Controls received mp w/ missense oligo; dose-response (fig. 2); antisense (cPLA2IVA); animal info (male, Holzmann, 300-350 g.); agents specifically known as ISIS 122523 and ISIS 141923; behavioral testing (thermal paw withdrawal test, formalin-induced flinching).

P9377 Miyoshi,K., Obata,K., Kondo,T., Okamura,H., Noguchi,K. Interleukin-18-Mediated Microglia/Astrocyte Interaction in the Spinal Cord Enhances Neuropathic Pain Processing after Nerve Injury. Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 28(-48-):12775-12787. >>> Immunoglobulin G, goat; antibody, anti-interleukin-18; antibody, anti-leukin-18 receptor; interleukin-18 binding protein; RNA, small interfering; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; mice; 1003D; 2001; 3, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or IgG or negative siRNA; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200-250 g.; male, C57BL/6 wt, IL-18 -/-, 25-30 g.); siRNA targets TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4) or negative siRNA; behavioral testing (mechanical hypersensitivity, tactile allodynia).

P9441 Sakai,A., Asada,M., Seno,N., Suzuki,H. Involvement of neural cell adhesion molecule signaling in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-induced analgesia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Pain 2008; 137(-2-):378-388. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; glial-derived neurotrophic factor, recomb. human; neural cell adhesion molecule, mimetic peptide C3d; oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate missense; CSF/CNS (subarachnoid space); Rat; 4, 6, 7, 9 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; antisense (NCAM); peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 5 wks old, 140-160 g., sciatic nerve injury); behavioral testing (mechanical allodynia, thermal hypersensitivity, paw withdrawal, plantar test).

P9442 Scholz,J., Abele,A., Marian,C., Haeussler,A., Herbert,T.A., Woolf,C.J., Tegeder,I. Low-dose methotrexate reduces peripheral nerve injury-evoked spinal microglial activation and neuropathic pain behavior in rats. Pain 2008; 138(-1-):130-142. >>> Methotrexate; dexamethasone; CSF, artificial; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 7); comparison of IP injections vs. mp; enzyme inhibitor (dihydrofolate reductase); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 160-200 g., SNI); behavioral testing (paw withdrawal, mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia); "sustained intrathecal treatment may therefore suppress microglial activation much more efficiently than intermittent high-dose bolus injections." (p. 140).

P9719 Shih,A., Miletic,V., Miletic,G., Smith,L.J. Midazolam administration reverses thermal hyperalgesia and prevents gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter loss in a rodent model of neuropathic pain. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2008; 106(-4-):1296-1302. >>> Midazolam; flumazenil; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/saline or sham operation; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 250-300 g); one group contain mixture of midazolam and flumazenil; behavioral testing (thermal paw withdrawal).

P9445 Sirohi,S., Dighe,S.V., Walker,E.A., Yoburn,B.C. The analgesic efficacy of fentanyl: Relationship to tolerance and mu-opioid receptor regulation. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2008; 91(-1-):115-120. >>> Fentanyl hydrochloride; Saline; SC; Mice; 7 days; Controls received placebo pellets; dose-response (fig. 3); comparison of SC injections vs. mp; tolerance; animal info (male, Swiss Webster, 23-35 g.).

P9164 Sud,R., Spengler,R.N., Nader,N.D., Ignatowski,T.A. Antinociception occurs with a reversal in alpha2-adrenoceptor regulation of TNF production by peripheral monocytes/macrophages from pro- to anti-inflammatory. European Journal of Pharmacology 2008; 588(-2-3-):217-231. >>> Tumor necrosis factor, recomb. rat; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; ALZET brain infusion kit used; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200-300 g.); gentamycin was added to the aCSF to prevent bacterial growth; rat albumin was added to stabilize the infused compound.

P9729 Tumati,S., Milnes,T.L., Yamamura,H.I., Vanderah,T.W., Roeske,W.R., Varga,E.V. Intrathecal Raf-1-selective siRNA attenuates sustained morphine-mediated thermal hyperalgesia. European Journal of Pharmacology 2008; 601(-1-3-):207-208. >>> Morphine; SC; Rat; 7 days; Controls received mp w/saline; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-225 g, adult); behavioral testing (paw withdrawal).

P9183 Wilson-Gerwing,T.D., Stucky,C.L., McComb,G.W., Verge,V.M.K. Neurotrophin-3 significantly reduces sodium channel expression linked to neuropathic pain states. Experimental Neurology 2008; 213(-2-):303-314. >>> NT-3; PBS; albumin, serum; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (male, Wistar, young adult, 250-300 g.).

P9684 Wolf,G., Livshits,D., Beilin,B., Yirmiya,R., Shavit,Y. Interleukin-1 signaling is required for induction and maintenance of postoperative incisional pain: Genetic and pharmacological studies in mice. BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY 2008; 22(-7-):1072-1077. >>> Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; SC; Mice; 1002; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (male, 10-14 wks old, IL-1rKO, IL-1rKO Cog, IL-1raTG).

P9468 Yang,J., Li,Y.Q., Zuo,X.L., Zhen,Y.B., Yu,Y.B., Gao,L.J. Transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 participates in visceral hyperalgesia following experimental colitis. Neuroscience Letters 2008; 440(-3-):237-241. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, missense; Saline, nuclease-free; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense (TRPA1); animal info (male, Wistar, 250-300 g.).

P9265 Zhang,M., Hallows,J.L., Wang,X.Z., Bu,B.T., Wang,W., Vincent,I. Mitogen-activated protein kinase activity may not be necessary for the neuropathology of Niemann-Pick type C mice. Journal of Neurochemistry 2008; 107(-3-):814-822. >>> PD-98059; DMSO; saline; dye, Evan's blue; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by dye infusion; dose-response (fig. 1); enzyme inhibitor (MAPK/ERK 1); brain tissue distribution; animal info (female, BALB/c, Nctr-Npc, 5 wks old); 50% DMSO used; behavioral testing (limb motor activity/coat hanger test).

P8923 Deseure,K., Breand,S., Colpaert,F.C. Curative-like analgesia in a neuropathic pain model: Parametric analysis of the dose and the duration of treatment with a high-efficacy 5-HT1A receptor agonist. European Journal of Pharmacology 2007; 568(-1-3-):134-141. >>> F13640; Acetate buffer; water, sterile; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 2ML2; 2ML4; 2, 4, 8 weeks; 1, 2, 4, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 2); long-term study; pumps replaced; half-life (p. 139) 2.5 hrs. in rat plasma; multiple pumps per animal (2); post op. care (Na ampicillin); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 220-240 g., intraorbital nerve ligation).

P9065 Dunbar,S.A., Karamian,I., Zhang,H.H. Ketorolac prevents recurrent withdrawal induced hyperalgesia but does not inhibit tolerance to spinal morphine in the rat. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAIN 2007; 11(-1-):1-6. >>> Morphine sulfate; naloxone hydrochloride; ketorlac; SC; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 4, 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; tolerance; animal info (adult, male, Sprague Dawley, 350 g.).

P8728 Gradl,G., Finke,B., Schattner,S., Gierer,P., Mittlmeier,T., Vollmar,B. Continuous intra-arterial application of substance P induces signs and symptoms of experimental complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) such as edema, inflammation and mechanical pain but no thermal pain. Neuroscience 2007; 148(-3-):757-765. >>> Substance P; Saline; heparin; IA (femoral); Rat; 2001D; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; good methods (p. 758); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 225-250g); pain.

P8652 Griffin,R.S., Costigan,M., Brenner,G.J., Ma,C.H.E., Scholz,J., Moss,A., Allchorne,A.J., Stahl,G.L., Woolf,C.J. Complement induction in spinal cord microglia results in anaphylatoxin C5a-mediated pain hypersensitivity. Journal of Neuroscience 2007; 27(-32-):8699-8708. >>> Peptide, C5a receptor antagonist; PBS; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, C6-deficient, SNI); synthetic, cyclic AcF-[OPdChaWR] peptide.

P8260 Ito,T., Ohtori,S., Inoue,G., Koshi,T., Doya,H., Ozawa,T., Saito,T., Moriya,H., Takahashi,K. Glial phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase mediates pain in a rat model of lumbar disc herniation and induces motor dysfunction in a rat model of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Spine 2007; 32(-2-):159-167. >>> FR167653; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 7); no stress (see pg. 163); enzyme inhibitor (pg. 38 MAP kinase); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250g., 6 wks old); Lumbar disc herniation model; spinal canal stenosis model; sciatica.

P8806 Kalange,A.S., Kokare,D.M., Singru,P.S., Upadhya,M.A., Chopde,C.T., Subhedar,N.K. Central administration of selective melanocortin 4 receptor antagonist HS014 prevents morphine tolerance and withdrawal hyperalgesia. Brain Research 2007; 1181(--):10-20. >>> Morphine; CSF, artificial; NaOH; water, distilled; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 7, 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tolerance; dependence; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 220-260g.); cannula placement confimed with India ink.

P8677 King,T., Vardanyan,A., Majuta,L., Melemedjian,O., Nagle,R., Cress,A.E., Vanderah,T.W., Lai,J., Porreca,F. Morphine treatment accelerates sarcoma-induced bone pain, bone loss, and spontaneous fracture in a murine model of bone cancer. Pain 2007; 132(-1-2-):154-168. >>> Morphine; naloxone; Saline; SC; Mice; 1007D; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (p. 157, 159); no stress (see pg. 155); cancer (bone); multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (20-25g, male, adult, C3H/HeJ); pain.

P8810 Li,L.H., Qin,H.Z., Shi,W.Q., Gao,G.D. Local Nogo-66 administration reduces neuropathic pain after sciatic nerve transection in rat. Neuroscience Letters 2007; 424(-3-):145-148. >>> Glutathione S-transferase; glutathione S-transferase-Nogo-66; CSF/CNS (sciatic nerve); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ GST or no treatment; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 240-260g., Sciatic nerve transection); pain; silicon tube used.

P8691 Martin,C.D., Jimenez-Andrade,J.M., Ghilardi,J.R., Mantyh,P.W. Organization of a unique net-like meshwork of CGIZP+ sensory fibers in the mouse periosteum: Implications for the generation and maintenance of bone fracture pain. Neuroscience Letters 2007; 427(-3-):148-152. >>> Uridine, bromodeoxy-; SC; Mice; 1003D; 24 hours; Animal info (C57BL/6J, 18-25g, male); bone; pain; labeling at the periosteum.

P8400 Mizushima,T., Obata,K., Katsura,H., Sakurai,J., Kobayashi,K., Yamanaka,H., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Mashimo,T., Noguchi,K. Intensity-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 in sensory neurons contributes to pain hypersensitivity. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2007; 321(-1-):28-34. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, phosphorothioate missense; oligodeoxynucleotide, FITC-labeled; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 5); antisense (ERK5); brain tissue distribution; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 220-250g.).

P8399 Perry,T., Holloway,H.W., Weerasuriya,A., Mouton,P.R., Duffy,K., Mattison,J.A., Greig,N.H. Evidence of GLP-1-mediated neuroprotection in an animal model of pyridoxine-induced peripheral sensory neuropathy. Experimental Neurology 2007; 203(-2-):293-301. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36)-amide; exendin-4; exendin (9-39); peptide, inactive; SC; Rat; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ scrambled, inactive, 30aa peptide; functionality of mp verified by plasma GLP-1 levels; dose-response (fig. 3); half-life (pg. 293) 1.5 min. in rodents (GLP-1), 120 min. in rodents (Ex4); peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 300-350g.).

P8435 Saade,N.E., Al Amin,H., Baki,S.A., Chalouhi,S., Jabbur,S.J., Atweh,S.F. Reversible attenuation of neuropathic-like manifestations in rats by lesions or local blocks of the intralaminar or the medial thalamic nuclei. Experimental Neurology 2007; 204(-1-):205-219. >>> Lidocaine; Dye, China ink; CSF/CNS (PVN of thalamus); CSF/CNS (rostral medial nuclei of thalamus); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received sham treatment; comparison of lesions vs. mp; half-life (p. 216),<1hr; post op. care (dexamethasone, penicillin); animal info (male, female, Sprague-Dawley, 280-300 grams); "The effects of the microperfusion with lidocaine were more pronounced and durable than those of lesions." (p. 216).

P8494 Stoller,D.C., Sim-Selley,L.J., Smith,F.L. Role of kappa and delta opioid receptors in mediating morphine-induced antinociception in morphine-tolerant infant rats. Brain Research 2007; 1142(--):28-36. >>> Morphine; SC; Rat (neonate); 1003D; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tolerance; post op. care (10% povidone iodine swab); animal info (P14, 30 g); Vetbond tissue adhesive used to close incision.

P8246 Sud,R., Ignatowski,T.A., Lo,C.P.K., Spengler,R.N. Uncovering molecular elements of brain-body communication during development and treatment of neuropathic pain. BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY 2007; 21(-1-):112-124. >>> Tumor necrosis Factor-a, recomb. rat: tumor necrosis factor-a, recomb. rat, heat-inactivated; amitriptyline; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or heat-inactivated rr-TNFa; comparison of ip injections vs. mp; peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 300-350g); chronic constriction injury to the right sciatic nerve.

P8433 Svensson,C.I., Zattoni,M., Serhan,C.N. Lipoxins and aspirin-triggered lipoxin inhibit inflammatory pain processing. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2007; 204(-2-):245-252. >>> Lipoxin A4; lipoxin B4; lipoxin B4, 8,9-acetylenic; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IT injections vs. mp; animal info (male, sprague-dawley, 250-300 grams); "LXA4 was administered via continuous IT infusion that resulted in a prolonged antihyperalgesic effect compared with IT bolus injections." (P. 247).

P8565 Veiseh,M., Gabikian,P., Bahrami,S.B., Veiseh,O., Zhang,M., Hackman,R.C., Ravanpay,A.C., Stroud,M.R., Kusuma,Y., Hansen,S.J., Kwok,D., Munoz,N.M., Sze,R.W., Grady,W.M., Greenberg,N.M., Ellenbogen,R.G., Olson,J.M. Tumor paint: a chlorotoxin:Cy5.5 bioconjugate for intraoperative visualization of cancer foci. Cancer Res. 2007/7/15; 67(-14-):6882-6888. >>> Chlorotoxin; SC; Mice; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; cancer; peptides; scorpion venom (toxin).

P7977 Yamanaka,H., Obata,K., Kobayashi,K., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Noguchi,K. Alteration of the cell adhesion molecule L1 expression in a specific subset of primary afferent neurons contributes to neuropathic pain. European Journal of Neuroscience 2007; 25(-4-):1097-1111. >>> Immunoglobulin G, non-immune mouse; antibody, anti-L1-CAM; SB203580; Saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 2002; ; Animal info (Male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 grams); Silascon tubing, 0.64 mm O.D filled with 5.0 ul's of saline; inserted ~ 0.5 cm's into the intrathecal space; enzyme inhibitor (p38 MAP kinase).

P8872 Yamanaka,H., Obata,K., Kobayashi,K., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Noguchi,K. Activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor by axotomy, through downstream p38 in dorsal root ganglion, contributes to neuropathic pain. Neuroscience 2007; 150(-1-):202-211. >>> SU5402; DMSO; saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 6 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 200-250g.); 50% DMSO used; SU5402 is a FGFR1 inhibitor.

P8487 Zhuang,Z.Y., Kawasaki,Y., Tan,P.H., Wen,Y.R., Huang,J., Ji,R.R. Role of the CX3CR1/p38 MAPK pathway in spinal microglia for the development of neuropathic pain following nerve injury-induced cleavage of fractalkine. Brain Behav.Immun. 2007/7; 21(-5-):642-651. >>> Fractalkine; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; ; Pain; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-260 g); PE-5 tubing; agent is a chemokine (AKA, CXCL1).

P8747 Zou,W., Guo,Q., Wang,E., Cai,J., Cheng,Z. Intrathecal morphine suppresses immune function in rats with inflammatory-induced pain. Journal of International Medical Research 2007; 35(-5-):626-636. >>> Morphine; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, subarachnoid space); Rat; 2001; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); immunology; post op. care (natrium penicillin); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-300g).

P8054 Cifani,C., Guerrini,R., Massi,M., Polidori,C. Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of nociceptin/orphanin FQ increases food and ethanol intake in alcohol-preferring rats. Peptides 2006; 27(-11-):2803-2810. >>> Nociceptin/orphanin FQ; Saline; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig.1); peptides; post op.care (benzyl penicillin, dihydrostreptomycin); animal info(Marchigian-Sardinian alcohol-preferring (msp), male, 250-300g.); cannula placement verified with india ink injection at experiment end.

P7897 Guo,T.Z., Wei,T.P., Kingery,W.S. Glucocorticoid inhibition of vascular abnormalities in a tibia fracture rat model of complex regional pain syndrome type I. Pain 2006; 121(-1-2-):158-167. >>> Methylprednisolone sodium succinate; Saline, normal; SC; Rat; 2002; 2, 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced at 2 weeks; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 10 month old, tibia fracture).

P8148 Honore,P., Donnelly-Roberts,D., Namovic,M.T., Hsieh,G., Zhu,C.Z., Mikusa,J.P., Hernandez,G., Zhong,C.M., Gauvin,D.M., Chandran,P., Harris,R., Medrano,A.P., Carroll,W., Marsh,K., Sullivan,J.P., Faltynek,C.R., Jarvis,M.F. A-740003 [N-(1-{[(cyanoimino)(5-quinolinylamino)methyl]amino}-2,2- dimethylpropyl)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide], a novel and selective P2X7 receptor antagonist, dose-dependently reduces neuropathic pain in the rat. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2006; 319(-3-):1376-1385. >>> Vincristine sulfate; IV (jugular); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-300g.); mp primed overnight; chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain model.

P7884 Jhamandas,K., Milne,B., Sutak,M., Gouarderes,C., Zajac,J.M., Yang,H.Y.T. Facilitation of spinal morphine analgesia in normal and morphine tolerant animals by neuropeptide SF and related peptides. Peptides 2006; 27(-5-):953-963. >>> Morphine sulfate; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 6 days; Comparison of IT injections vs. mp; tolerance; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-275g.).

P8091 Josiah,D.T., Vincler,M.A. Impact of chronic nicotine on the development and maintenance of neuropathic hypersensitivity in the rat. Psychopharmacology 2006; 188(-2-):152-161. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; SC; Rat; 2001; 2ML4; 7, 21 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by plasma nicotine&cotinine levels; dose-response (fig. 1); animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-300g., spinal nerve ligation).

P7714 Juni,A., Klein,G., Kest,B. Morphine hyperalgesia in mice is unrelated to opioid activity, analgesia, or tolerance: Evidence for multiple diverse hyperalgesic systems. Brain Research 2006; 1070(-1-):35-44. >>> Morphine; morphine-3B-glucoronide; Saline; SC; Mice; 2001; 6,12,14,19 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); pumps replaced; tolerance; animal info (adult, male, CD-1).

P8969 Katsura,H., Obata,K., Mizushima,T., Yamanaka,H., Kobayashi,K., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Tokunaga,A., Sakagami,M., Noguchi,K. Antisense knock down of TRPA1, but not TRPM8. alleviates cold hyperalgesia after spinal nerve ligation in rats. Experimental Neurology 2006; 200(-1-):112-123. >>> Oligodeoxynucleotide, antisense; oligodeoxynucleotide, mismatch; Saline, normal; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 3, 5, 7days; 6, 12, 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; antisense (TRPA1, TRPM8); animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, SNL, 200-250 g.).

P8115 Lee,S.T., Chu,K., Park,J.E., Kang,L., Ko,S.Y., Jung,K.H., Kim,M. Memantine reduces striatal cell death with decreasing calpain level in 3-nitropropionic model of Huntington's disease. Brain Research 2006; 1118(-;-):199-207. >>> Nitropropionic acid, 3-; PBS; NaOH; SC; Rat; 2ML1; 4, 5 days; Animal Info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 220-240g.); neurodegenerative (Huntington's disease).

P8126 Lin,C.R., Amaya,F., Barrett,L., Wang,H.B., Takada,J., Samad,T.A., Woolf,C.J. Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 contributes to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2006; 319(-3-):1096-1103. >>> RNA, short hairpin; RNA, short hairpin, mismatched; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or mismatched shRNA; dose-response (p.1100); antisense (Ep4); brain tissue distribution; toxicology; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200g., peripheral hind paw inflammation).

P8028 Obata,K., Katsura,H., Sakurai,J., Kobayashi,K., Yamanaka,H., Dai,Y., Fukuoka,T., Noguchi,K. Suppression of the p75 neurotrophin receptor in uninjured sensory neurons reduces neuropathic pain after nerve injury. Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 26(-46-):11974-11986. >>> Antibody, anti-NGF; antibody, anti-P75NTR; K252a; DMSO; saline; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; 2001; ; Controls received mp w/ saline; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 200-250 grams); nerve injury; silastic tubing used; K252a in 50% DMSO; behavioral testing.

P8408 Proudfoot,C.J., Garry,E.M., Cottrell,D.F., Rosie,R., Anderson,H., Robertson,D.C., Fleetwood-Walker,S.M., Mitchel,R. Analgesia mediated by the TRPM8 cold receptor in chronic neuropathic pain. CURRENT BIOLOGY 2006; 16(-16-):1591-1605. >>> Oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate antisense; Oligonucleotide, phosphorothioate missense; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2001; 2002; 5, 13-16 days; Controls received mp w/ missense oligo; antisense (TRPM8, rat); animal info (male, Wistar, 120-250g., chronic constriction sciatic nerve injury).

P7569 Saade,N.E., Al Amin,H., Baki,S.A., Safieh-Garabedian,B., Atweh,S.F., Jabbur,S.J. Transient attenuation of neuropathic manifestations in rats following lesion or reversible block of the lateral thalamic somatosensory nuclei. Experimental Neurology 2006; 197(-1-):157-166. >>> Lidocaine; CSF/CNS (ventrobasal complex); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received no treatment or contralateral intact paw; post op. care (dexamethasone, penicillin; animal info (male, female, Sprague-Dawley, 290 g; spared nerve injury mononeuropathy; cannula placement confirmed by.

P8038 Wilson-Gerwing,T.D., Verge,V.M.K. Neurotrophin-3 attenuates galanin expression in the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain. Neuroscience 2006; 141(-4-):2075-2085. >>> NT-3; PBS; albumin, rat serum; streptomycin; penicillin; CSF/CNS (intrathecal, lumbar); Rat; 2001; 7 days; Post op. care (buprenorphine); animal info (adult, male, wistar, 250-300 grams).

P7797 Zhuang,Z.Y., Wen,Y.R., Zhang,D.R., Borsello,T., Bonny,C., Strichartz,G.R., Decosterd,I., Ji,R.R. A peptide c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor blocks mechanical allodynia after spinal nerve ligation: Respective roles of JNK activation in primary sensory neurons and spinal astrocytes for neuropathic pain development and maintenance. Journal of Neuroscience 2006; 26(-13-):3551-3560. >>> Peptide, D-JNK inhibitor 1; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); CSF/CNS (dorsal root ganglion); Rat; 2 weeks; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or control peptide; comparison of IT injections vs. mp; enzyme inhibitor (c-Jun-N-terminal kinase); peptides; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley, 220-260g., spinal nerve ligation); mp primed 3hrs in saline.

P7934 Zissen,M.H., Zhang,G.H., Kendig,J.J., Sweitzer,S.M. Acute and chronic morphine alters formalin pain in neonatal rats. Neuroscience Letters 2006; 400(-1-2-):154-157. >>> Morphine; Saline; Rat (neonate); 1003D; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; post op. care (penicillin, ringer's solution); animal info (male and female Sprague-Dawley); Vetbond tissue used.