Pulsatile Administration of Agents Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

Q0248 Kolb,B, Morshead,C., Gonzalez,C., Kim,M., Gregg,C., Shingo,T., Weiss,S. Growth factor-stimulated generation of newcortical tissue and functional recovery after strokedamage to the motor cortex of rats. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2007; 27(--):983-997. >>> Erythropoietin; epidermal growth factor; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2001; 7, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; no stress (see pg. 984); animal info (male, Long-Evans, 90-110 days old); ischemia (cerebral); behavioral testing (forelimb assymetry, forelimb inhibition (swimming), reaching); some animals received 7 days EGF followed by 7 days EPO (most likely via Lynch Coil, but authors do not state).

Q0082 Kaiyala,K.J., Morton,G.J., Leroux,B.G., Ogimoto,K., Wisse,B., Schwartz,M.W. Identification of Body Fat Mass as a Major Determinant of Metabolic Rate in Mice. Diabetes 2010; 59(-7-):1657-1666. >>> Leptin; Sodium bicarbonate; SC; Mice; 1007D; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (ob/ob, wt, C57BL/6, 11 wks old); obesity; diabetes; Lynch coil filled with saline for 24 hour delayed infusion.

P9267 Reini,S.A., Dutta,G., Wood,C.E., Keller-Wood,M. Cardiac corticosteroid receptors mediate the enlargement of the ovine fetal heart induced by chronic increases in maternal cortisol. Journal of Endocrinology 2008; 198(-2-):419-427. >>> Canrenoate, potassium; mifepristone; Saline; ethanol; Intrapericardial; Sheep (fetus); 2ML2; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or sham surgery); no stress (see pg. 422); cardiovascular; post op. care (flunixamine); animal info (female, male, Ovis aries, gd 118-123); mifepristone dissolved in 47.5% EtOH, entire quantity for delivery loaded into catheter with saline in mp (similar to the Lynch coil method); endocrinology.

P9262 Wong,J.H., Dukes,J., Levy,R.E., Sos,B., Mason,S.E., Fong,T.S., Weiss,E.J. Sex differences in thrombosis in mice are mediated by sex-specific growth hormone secretion patterns. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2008; 118(-8-):2969-2978. >>> Growth hormone, recomb. mouse; Saline; NaCO3; Mice; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of pulsatile injections vs. mp; cardiovascular; peptides; animal info (male, female, C57BL/6J, wt, lit-mt, 6-8 wks old).

P8053 Bruno,M.A., Cuello,A.C. Activity-dependent release of precursor nerve growth factor, conversion to mature nerve growth factor, and its degradation by a protease cascade. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2006; 103(-17-):6735-6740. >>> Neuroserpin; GM6001; CSF, artificial, PBS; CSF/CNS (parietal cortex); Rat; 2001; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle into contralateral side; enzyme inhibitor (tpa, metalloproteinase); multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (Fischer 344, 6 month old); Lynch coil with air-oil spacer at mp end of tubing; bilateral infusion cannulae; tissue perfusion (parietal cortex).

P7953 Hagg,T., Varon,S. Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Prevents Degeneration of Adult Rat Substantia Nigra Dopaminergic Neurons in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1993; 90(-13-):6315-6319. >>> Ciliary neurotrophic factor, recomb. human; CSF, artificial; albumin, rat serum; CSF/CNS (substantia nigra); Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease); animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, 200 grams); lynch coil filled with vehicle or agent, mp filled with vehicle; mp partly coated with paraffin.

P7835 Vann,R.E., Balster,R.L., Beardsley,P.M. Dose, duration, and pattern of nicotine administration as determinants of behavioral dependence in rats. Psychopharmacology 2006; 184(-3-4-):482-493. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; Saline, physiological; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 7, 12, 14, 15 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 2); dependence; animal info (male, Sprague-Dawley); catheter tubing Lynch coil used to deliver 3 days nicotine, followed by 1 day saline, followed by remaining contents of mp (nicotine); compared with continuous nicotine administration.

P7701 Callaerts-Vegh,Z., Evans,K.L., Shipley,G.L., Davies,P.J., Cuba,D.L., Gurji,H.A., Giles,H., Bond,R.A. Effects of different beta adrenoceptor ligands in mice with permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Br.J.Pharmacol. 2003/4; 138(-8-):1505-1516. >>> ICI-118,551; Saline; DMSO; SC; Mice; 2004; 36 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or no treatment; half-life (p. 1507) "short half-life;" cardiovascular; ischemia (cardiac); animal info (male, C57BL/6, 12-15 weeks old); Lynch Coil; mp filled with saline, agent in catheter coil with 3 different concentrations; separated by air bubbles to give an increasing drug regimen; tygon tubing used.

P7582 Cardoso,A., Paula-Barbosa,M.M., Lukoyanov,N.V. Reduced density of neuropeptide Y neurons in the somatosensory cortex of old male and female rats: Relation to cholinergic depletion and recovery after nerve growth factor treatment. Neuroscience 2006; 137(-3-):937-948. >>> Dye, methylene blue; nerve growth factor; CSF, artificial; BSA; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or sham surgery; functionality of mp verified by pretesting; Alzet brain infusion kit used; post op. care (antiseptic); animal info (male, female, Wistar 6 month old, 24 month old); Lynch coil filled with NGF, air-oil spacer between mp and catheter, mp filled with dye.

P7289 Pereira,P.A., Cardoso,A., Paula-Barbosa,M.M. Nerve growth factor restores the expression of vasopressin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of aged rats. Brain Research 2005; 1048(-1-2-):123-130. >>> Nerve growth factor; dye, methylene blue; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2002; 14 days; Functionality of mp verified by pretesting delivery rate; ALZET brain infusion kit used; peptides; post op. care (SC saline, local antiseptic); mp filled with Methylene blue, air-oil spacer at tubing connection, tubing filled with NGF; Lynch coil; "Because there is evidence that the surgical procedure does not interfere with the structure of SCN, vehicle - treated rats were not included in this study." (p. 124).

P6922 Chen,J.R., Wang,Y.J., Tseng,G.F. The effects of decompression and exogenous NGF on compressed cerebral cortex. Journal of Neurotrauma 2004; 21(-11-):1640-1651. >>> Nerve growth factor; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Used coiled PE tubing (Lynch coil).

P6916 Zhang,M., Li,J., Chakrabarty,P., Bu,B.T., Vincent,I. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors attenuate protein hyperphosphorylation, cytoskeletal lesion formation, and motor defects in Niemann-Pick type C mice. American Journal of Pathology 2004; 165(-3-):843-853. >>> Roscovitine; olomoucine; iso-olomoucine; DMSO; CSF/CNS; Mice; 1002; 2, 4 weeks; Pumps replaced every 2 weeks for 4 week infusions; enzyme inhibitor (CDK); neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Niemann-Pick Type C disease); lynch coil used to accomodate 75% DMSO.

P5973 Radu,R.A., Mata,N.L., Nusinowitz,S., Liu,X.R., Sieving,P.A., Travis,G.H. Treatment with isotretinoin inhibits lipofuscin accumulation in a mouse model of recessive Stargardt's macular degeneration. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2003; 100(-8-):4742-4747. >>> Isotretinoin; DMSO; SC; Mice (knockout); 2004; 1 month; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IP injections vs chronic mp; Isotretinoin (accutane) is a retinoid&was dissolved in DMSO; Lynch coil used; solution was placed in catheter since 100% DMSO is not compatible with the pumps' reservoir.

P5965 Cadete-Leite,A., Pereira,P.A., Madeira,M.D., Paula-Barbosa,M.M. Nerve growth factor prevents cell death and induces hypertrophy of basil forebrain cholinergic neurons in rats withdrawn from prolonged ethanol intake. Neuroscience 2003; 119(-4-):1055-1069. >>> Nerve growth factor; dye, methylene blue; CSF; BSA; CSF/CNS; Rat; 2004; 28 days; good methods p. 1057; ALZET brain infusion kit 1 used; peptides; post op. care (sc injection of saline and cortrimoxazol); lynch coil used; air bubble used to separate vehicle and agent/vehicle; pump contained dye.

P5538 Oudega,M., Rosano,C., Sadi,D., Wood,P.M., Schwab,M.E., Hagg,T. Neutralizing antibodies against neurite growth inhibitor NI-35/250 do not promote regeneration of sensory axons in the adult rat spinal cord. Neuroscience 2000; 100(-4-):873-883. >>> Nerve growth factor-beta; PBS; albumin, rat serum; gentamycin; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 2 weeks; Lynch coil technique; solution loaded into coil reservoir and separated from a blue colored fluid in pump by mineral oil; flow rate reduced by half by partial coating of pump w/ paraffin; cannula patency confirmed by movement of blue-colored fluid into the coiled tubing.

P5451 Chutkow,W.A., Pu,J.L., Wheeler,M.T., Wada,T., Makielski,J.C., Burant,C.F., McNally,E.M. Episodic coronary artery vasospasm and hypertension develop in the absence of Sur2 K-ATP channels. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2002; 110(-2-):203-208. >>> Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Nerve growth factor; NT-3; NT-4; PBS; Albumin, rat serum; Buffer, sodium acetate; CSF/CNS (nigrostriatal complex); Rat; 2002; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; peptides: stability (p.184); "at 1 mg/ml these factors retain more than 70% of their activity after 14 days at 37 C in ALZET pumps"; pumps partially coated with paraffin to reduce flow rate to 0.25 ul/hr; lynch coil used; neuronal survival; neurodegenerative (Parkinson's disease).

P5220 Kojima,A., Tator,C.H. Intrathecal administration of epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 promotes ependymal proliferation and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in adult rats. J Neurotrauma 2002/2; 19(-2-):223-238. >>> Epidermal growth factor; Fibroblast growth factor 2; Albumin, rat serum; Gentamicin sulfate; CSF, artificial; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); Rat; 2002; 3 or 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; good methods (p. 224); lynch coil used; pump filled w/ saline; mineral oil spacer used to separate saline in pump from agent solution in catheter; agents infused separatedly or concomittantly in the same pump;.

P5125 Sayer,F.T., Oudega,M., Hagg,T. Neurotrophins reduce degeneration of injured ascending sensory and corticospinal motor axons in adult rat spinal cord. Experimental Neurology 2002; 175(--):282-296. >>> NT-3; PBS; Dye, toluidine blue; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 2002; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of IT injections vs. mp; pulsed delivery; peptides; pump partially coated w/ paraffin to reduce release rate to 0.2 ul/hr; Lynch coil used to separate agent from dye for verifying cannula patency (p. 285); diagram of pump, catheter and infusion location (p. 284); pump filled with dye vehicle, tubing filled with vehicle or NT-3, mineral oil spacer separated solution in pump from solution in catheter.

P5103 Oudega,M, Rosano,C, Sadi,D, Wood,P.M., Schwab,M.E., Hagg,T. Neutralizing antibodies against neurite growh inhibitor NI-35/250 do not promote regeneration of sensory axons in the adult rat spinal cord. Neuroscience 2000; 100(-4-):873-883. >>> Dantrolene; Nerve growth factor, B-; PBS; Albumin, rat serum; Gentamicin; CSF/CNS (dorsal spinal cord, intrathecal); rat; 2002; 2 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by noting advance of colored fluid in catheter (p. 875); peptides; pumps coated with paraffin to reduce flow rate to 0.2 ul/hr; Lynch coil used; infusion solutions and blue-colored pump fluid separated by oil spacer; patency of device confirmed by passage of blue fluid into coils.

P4924 de Segura,A.G., Castell,T., Vazquez,I., Mata,A., De Miguel,E. Somatostatin antagonism prevents elemental diet-induced intestinal atrophy in the rat. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2001; 46(-9-):1985-1992. >>> Somatostatin antagonist; Saline; IP; rat; 2ML1; 7 days; controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma drug levels; comparison of sc injections vs. mp; peptides; The somatostatin antagonist is cyclo-7-aminoheptanoyl-phe-d-trp-lys-thr (also known as BZL); SC injections examined pulsatile administration of the agent; pump model 2ML1 used (2001 incorrectly listed);.

P4828 Buffelli,M., Busetto,G., Cangiano,A. The use of in vivo direct drug application to assess neural regulation of muscle properties.. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 2001; 106(--):113-120. >>> Tetrodotoxin; potassium chloride; calcitonin gene-related peptide; Saline; Dye, methylene blue; IM (soleus); Rat; 2001; 2002; 3 - 8 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (soleus muscle); detailed methods for catheter construction and surgical procedures (p. 114 - 115); Lynch coil technique used; pump filled w/ saline and agents loaded in modified PE-100 tubing; solutions separated by oil drop; pumps w/ various flow rates were tested but model 2002 was chosed because its small flow rate permits to avoid excessive fluid accumulation on muscle surface; diagram of pump-catheter assembly and location (p. 114);.

P4578 Sun,Y-N, Lee,H.J, Almon,R.R, Jusko,W.J  The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1999; 289(-3-):1523-1532. >>> Growth hormone, recomb. human; SC;; monkey;; 30 days;; comparison of SC injections vs. mp vs. microspheres; peptides; "Continuous rhGH input delivered by ProLease and osmotic pump is more effective than pulsatile injections in induction of IGF-I, especially when the delivery systems can maintain growth hormone concentration above the SC50" (p. 1531)..

P4515 Kostenuik,P.J, Harris,J, Halloran,B.P., Turner,R.T., Morey-Holton,E.R., Bikle,D.D. Skeletal unloading causes resistance of osteoprogenitor cells to parathyroid hormone and to insulin-like growth factor-I.. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1999; 14(-1-):21-31. >>> Parathyroid hormone (1-34);; NaCl; HCl; Serum, rat; Saline; Sesame oil;; SC;; rat;; 2001;; 8 days;; controls received mp w/vehicle; peptides; pulsatile administration; PE-60 was filled with sesame oil interspersed with PTH or with vehicle; pumps filled with saline; PTH was designed to be delivered for 1 hr per day for 8 days..

P4403 Ernfors,P., Duan,M.L., ElShamy,W.M., Canlon,B. Protection of auditory neurons from aminoglycoside toxicity by neurotrophin-3. Nature Medicine 1996/4; 2(-4-):463-467. >>> Amikacin; NT-3;; Perilymph, artificial;; Ear (cochlea);; guinea-pig;; 2ML2;; 2 weeks;; Antibiotic; controls received mp with vehicle; tissue perfusion (scala tympani); peptides; Lynch coil used, agents or vehicle given in different sequential combinations;.

P4366 Day-Lollini,P.A., Stewart,G.R., Taylor,M.J., Johnson,R.M., Chellman,G.J. Hyperplastic changes within the leptomeninges of the rat and monkey in response to chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of nerve growth factor. Exp.Neurol. 1997/5; 145(-1-):24-37. >>> Nerve growth factor; Saline; Citric acid; Albumin, rat; Albumin, human; CSF/CNS; rat; monkey; 2002; 2ML4; 6 months; controls received mp with vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; dose-response; long-term study, pumps replaced every 28 days; stability of NGF verified at 37ºfor 1 month by RP-HPLC, bioassay, and/or ELISA; good methods; peptides; recomb. human NGF used; half the mp was coated with paraffin to reduce flow rate; NGF solutions were placed in Lynch coiled tubing rather than pumps, due to adsorptive loss of rhNGF to the pump reservoir; in monkeys, ventricular cannula placement was confirmed by rapid drop in fluid level in PE tubing;.

P4217 Donahey,J.C.K., van Dijk,G., Woods,S.C., Seeley,R.J. Intraventricular GLP-1 reduces short- but not long-term food intake or body weight in lean and obese rats. Brain Research 1998; 779(--):75-83. >>> Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide; Saline; CSF/CNS (third ventricle); rat; 2002; 4 days; controls received mp w/saline; functionality of mp verified by movement of air bubble along tubing; one week recovery after cannula placement; cannula placement confirmed by administration of angiotensin II; pump filled with saline and agent and loaded in catheter tubing; air bubble used to separate solutions; Lynch coil technique; peptides.

P4166 Sun,Y., Xue,H., Janes,S., Sherman,S.E., Song,D.L. The use of an ALZET osmotic pump as a "carryable" external infusion pump for small animal studies. Proceed.Intern.Symp.Control.Rel.Bioact.Mater. 1990; 17(--):371-372. >>> Insulin; IV (jugular); Rat; 2ML1; 2ML2; no duration posted; external pump application; the pumping rate was adjusted by greatly varying the osmolality of the medium in the fluid chamber in which the pump was placed; pulsed delivery: air used as spacer in Lynch coil; peptides; manufacturer's note: pumps need to be primed at 37 degrees rather than 23 degrees C, and the pumps cannot be reused.

P4162 Chekanov,V.S., Tchekanov,G.V., Rieder,M.A., Silverstein,E.L., Cheng,Q., Smith,L.M., Zander,F.L., Jacobs,G.B., McConchie,S., Christensen,C.W., Schmidt,D.H. Force enhancement of skeletal muscle used for dynamic cardiomyoplasty and as a skeletal muscle ventricle. ASAIO Journal 1995; 41(--):M499-M507. >>> Nandrolone decanoate; Sesame oil; IM; sheep; 2ML4; 8 weeks; functionality of pump verified by residual volume; pumps replaced after 4 weeks; pump filled with saline, while agent diluted in sesame oil was loaded in coiled catheter 100 cm long; Lynch coil technique; cardiovascular; tissue perfusion (latissimus dorsi).

P3958 Dunbar,S.A., Pulai,I.J. Repetitive opioid abstinence causes progressive hyperalgesia sensitive to n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor blockade in the rat. J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. 1998; 284(-2-):678-686. >>> Morphine sulfate; MK-801; Saline, sterile; CSF/CNS (intrathecal); rat; 2002; 8 days; controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by in vivo and in vitro assays; pulsed delivery (air used as spacer in Lynch coil); no stress (see pg. 681); good methods (pg. 679); tolerance.

P3802 Dobnig,H., Turner,R.T. The effects of programmed administration of human parathyroid hormone fragment (1-34) on bone histomorphometry and serum chemistry in rats. Endocrinology 1997; 138(-11-):4607-4612. >>> Parathyroid hormone, human 1-34; NaCl; HCI; Serum, rat; rat; 2001; 6 days; controls received mp w/vehicle; comparison of sc injections vs mp; pulsed delivery, sesame oil used in lynch coil; no stress (see pg. 4609); stress/adverse reaction: high PTH dose lethal for 3/7 rats in first group; good methods (pg. 4608).

P2765 Vahlsing,H.L., Varon,S., Hagg,T, Fass-Holmes,B., Dekker,A., Manley,M., Manthorpe,M. An improved device for continuous intraventricular infusions prevents the introduction of pump-derived toxins and increases the effectiveness of ngf treatments. Exp.Neurol. 1989; 105(-3-):233-243. >>> Nerve growth factor; CSF, artificial; in vitro; CSF/CNS; rat; 2002; 3, 7, or 14 days; no stress-see page 236; stress/adverse reaction: pages 233,236; previous experiments by investigators brought about evidence that mp were introducing cytotoxic substances into infusion fluid. This paper documents creation of coiled (Lynch coil) tubing method w/air/oil spacer whereby the fluid infused is insulated from mp while still propelled by its advance; paraffin dipping of pump utilized to reduce release rate; residual flow rate was slower in in vivo pumps than in in vitro pumps; with the modified pump fewer than 10% of rats had infusion-induced lesions; tracing air-oil space movement allows a precise measurement of volume of infusate.

P2456 Katz,L.S., Nicoll,C.S. Evidence for a role of the liver in the luteotropic action of prolactin in rats. Biol.Reprod. 1993; 48(--):512-514. >>> Prolactin, ovine; Sodium azide; Sodium phosphate; Saline; Glycerol; IV (jugular); IV (hepatic portal); rat; 2002; no duration posted; pulsed delivery; peptides; air used in lynch coil.

P2312 Hebert,N.J., Kim,J.H., Lin,R.J., Nicoll,C.S. Restoration of lactation in bromocriptine-treated rats by prolactin replacement: comparison of constant versus pulsatile infusion and intrahepatic versus intrajugular routes of delivery. J.Endocrinol.Invest. 1993; 16(--):29-35. >>> Prolactin, ovine; IV (jugular); IV (hepatic portal); rat; 2001; 5 days; controls received mp w/ solvent; functionality of mp verified by in vitro dye testing of pulsatile release; comparison of pulsed delivery w/ mp vs. continuous infusion w/ mp; pulsed delivery; "Constant infusion of oPRL. . . was, overall, more effective at restoring lactation. . . than was giving pulses, regardless of the site of delivery." (pg. 29).

P2092 Billington,C.J., Briggs,J.E., Link,J.G., Levine,A.S. Glucagon in physiological concentrations stimulates brown fat thermogenesis in vivo. Am.J.Physiol. 1991; 261(--):R501-R507. >>> Glucagon; Ringer's solution, lactated; Saline; IP; rat; 5,7 days; comparison of multiple injections vs. mp; coiled tubing (Lynch coil) used to delay drug infusion for surgical recovery; constant infusion produced drug effect whereas intermittent delivery did not.

P0819 Fish,R.E., Lang,C.H., Spitzer,J.A. Regional blood flow during continuous low-dose endotoxin infusion. Circ.Shock 1986; 18(-4-):267-276. >>> Endotoxin, E. coli; Saline; IV (jugular); rat; 2ML1; 6 and 30 hours; Lynch coil; mp connected to coiled 100 cm length of PE-60 tubing terminating in jugular vein; tubing provided 42 hour surgical recovery period.

P0788 Spitzer,J.A., Fish,R.E. Lipolytic patterns in isolated adipocytes of continuously endotoxemic rats. Circ.Shock 1986; 18(-1-):21-29. >>> Endotoxin, E. coli; Saline; IV (jugular); rat; 2ML1; 6 and 30 hours; controls received mp w/ saline; mp connected to coiled polyethylene tubing in jugular vein; coil filled w/ saline to provide 42 hr. surgical recovery period; Lynch coil; dose-response.

P0729 Zaharko,D.S., Covey,J.M. Arabinosyl-5-azacytosine: plasma kinetics and therapeutic response (L1210) in vitro and in vivo in mice. Invest.New Drugs 1985; 3(--):323-329. >>> Ara-AC; DMSO; SC; mice; 2001; 24, 48, 72, 96, and 144 hours; comparison of injection vs. mp infusion; cancer chemotherapy; Lynch coil; polyethylene tubing filled w/Ara-AC connected to mp; mp filled w/ PBS and primed at room temp.; air space in tubing to sep. drug from PBS; function.

P0724 Fish,R.E., Burns,A.H., Lang,C.H., Spitzer,J.A. Myocardial dysfunction in a nonlethal, nonshock model of chronic endotoxemia. Circ.Shock 1985; 16(--):241-252. >>> Endotoxin, E. coli; Saline; IV (jugular); rat; 2ML1; 6 and 30 hours; mp connected to saline filled tubing placed in jugular vein; coiled saline filled tubing provided 42 hr. surgical recovery period prior to endotoxin infusion; Lynch coil; controls received mp w/ saline.