References on Teratology Research Using ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

Q0003 Berbel,P., Navarro,D., Auso,E., Varea,E., Rodriguez,A.E., Ballesta,J.J., Salinas,M., Flores,E., Faura,C.C., De Escobar,G.M. Role of Late Maternal Thyroid Hormones in Cerebral Cortex Development: An Experimental Model for Human Prematurity. Cerebral Cortex 2010; 20(-6-):1462-1475. >>> Parathyroid hormone, rat (1-84); calcitonin, rat; thyroxine; Acetate buffer; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2001; 4-8 days; Teratology; peptides; animal info (Female, Wistar, 250-300 g); replacement therapy (parathyroidectomy).

Q0112 de Oliveira,E., Moura,E.G., Santos-Silva,A.P., Pinheiro,C.R., Lima,N.S., Nogueira-Neto,J.F., Nunes-Freitas,A.L., breu-Villaca,Y., Passos,M.C.F., Lisboa,P.C. Neonatal nicotine exposure causes insulin and leptin resistance and inhibits hypothalamic leptin signaling in adult rat offspring. Journal of Endocrinology 2010; 206(-1-):55-63. >>> Nicotine, free base; Saline; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; functionality of mp verified by serum and milk cotinine levels; animal info (female, Wistar, lactating); endocrinology.

Q0020 Kramer,B.W., Kallapur,S.G., Moss,T.J.M., Nitsos,I., Polglase,G.P., Newnham,J.P., Jobe,A.H. Modulation of fetal inflammatory response on exposure to lipopolysaccharide by chorioamnion, lung, or gut in sheep. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2010; 202(-1-):U177-U185. >>> Endotoxin, LPS; Saline; Lung (trachea); uterus (amniotic fluid); Sheep (pregnant); 2ML1; 2, 7 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; teratology; no stress (see pg. 77e2, 77e4); multiple pumps per animal (2); animal info (female, time-mated pregnant).

Q0419 Li,J.A., Khodus,G.R., Kruusmaegi,M., Kamali-Zare,P., Liu,X.L., Ekloef,A.C., Zelenin,S., Brismar,H., Aperia,A. Ouabain protects against adverse developmental programming of the kidney. Nature Communications 2010; 1(-;-):U74-U80. >>> Ouabain; PBS; SC; Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (pregnant, Sprague Dawley); teratology.

Q0033 Slotkin,T.A., Ryde,I.T., Seidler,F.J. Additive and synergistic effects of fetal nicotine and dexamethasone exposure on cholinergic synaptic function in adolescence and adulthood: Implications for the adverse consequences of maternal smoking and pharmacotherapy of preterm delivery. Brain Research Bulletin 2010; 81(--):552-560. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Water, bacteriostatic; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2002; 21 days; Controls received mp w/ saline (veh plus sodium bitartrate); teratology; dependence; no stress (see pg. 554); animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, 232 g); incision closed with wound clips.

Q0032 Slotkin,T.A., Seidler,F.J. Mimicking maternal smoking and pharmacotherapy of preterm labor: Interactions of fetal nicotine and dexamethasone on serotonin and dopamine synaptic function in adolescence and adulthood. Brain Research Bulletin 2010; 82(-1-2-):124-134. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Water, bacteriostatic; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2002; 21 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle w/ sodium bitartrate); teratology; dependence; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, agent given through PN4); incision closed with wound clips.

Q0467 Coddou,C., Bravo,E., Eugenin,J. Alterations in cholinergic sensitivity of respiratory neurons induced by pre-natal nicotine: a mechanism for respiratory dysfunction in neonatal mice. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2009; 364(-1529-):2527-2535. >>> Nicotine ditartrate; SC; Mice (pregnant); 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/saline; animal info (adult, CF1, 5-7 days pregnant); teratology; "(minipumps) allow us to study the nicotine effects on brain development, mimicking the steady-state plasma levels of nicotine observed in pregnant women considered moderate smokers but without confounding hypoxia and stress-derived factors associated with multiple subcutaneous injections." pg 2533.

P9558 Kamendi,H.W., Cheng,Q., Dergacheva,O., Gorini,C., Jameson,H.S., Wang,X., McIntosh,J.M., Mendelowitz,D. Abolishment of Serotonergic Neurotransmission to Cardiac Vagal Neurons During and After Hypoxia and Hypercapnia With Prenatal Nicotine Exposure. Journal of Neurophysiology 2009; 101(-3-):1141-1150. >>> Nicotine; Rat; 28 days; Teratology; post op. care (buprenorphine) animal info (adult, female).

P9749 Mao,C.P., Wu,J.W., Xiao,D.L., Lv,J.X., Ding,Y., Xu,Z., Zhang,L.B. The effect of fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure on renal development of AT1 and AT2 receptors. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY 2009; 27(-2-):149-154. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/vehicle; teratology; animal info (Sprague Dawley, female, 350 g); toxicology.

P9853 Takahashi,M., Negishi,T., Imamura,M., Sawano,E., Kuroda,Y., Yoshikawa,Y., Tashiro,T. Alterations in gene expression of glutamate receptors and exocytosis-related factors by a hydroxylated-polychlorinated biphenyl in the developing rat brain. Toxicology 2009; 257(-1-2-):17-24. >>> Polychlorinated biphenyl, hydroxylated; DMA; SC; Rat; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; animal info (male, female, F344/N); "as far as hydroxylated metabolites of PCBs are concerned, subcutaneous exposure would be more relevant than oral exposure" pg 20.

Q0643 Williams,S.K., Cox,E.T., McMurray,M.S., Fay,E.E., Jarrett,T.M., Walker,C.H., Overstreet,D.H., Johns,J.M. Simultaneous prenatal ethanol and nicotine exposure affect ethanol consumption, ethanol preference and oxytocin receptor binding in adolescent and adult rats. NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY 2009; 31(-5-):291-302. >>> Nicotine; Water, bacteriostatic; sodium bitartrate; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 28-30 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (virgin, Sprague-Dawley); teratology; wound clips used.

P9464 Wood,C.E., Fraites,M.P., Keller-Wood,M. Blockade of PGHS-2 inhibits the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis response to cerebral hypoperfusion in the sheep fetus. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2009; 296(-6-):R1813-R1819. >>> Nimesulide; DMSO; water; CSF/CNS; Sheep (fetus); 2ML2; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2); teratology; post op. care (ampicillin); animal info (fetal sheep, GD 126-136); 50% DMSO used; "chronic infusion of the drug intracerebroventricularly, for days, has a dramatic effect of reducing fetal HPA axis activity." (p. R1818).

P9390 Berner,J., Ringstedt,T., Brodin,E., Hoekfelt,T., Lagercrantz,H., Wickstroem,R. Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine Affects Substance P and Preprotachykinin-A mRNA Levels in Newborn Rat. PEDIATRIC RESEARCH 2008; 64(-6-):621-624. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 17 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 622); teratology; animal info (female, Sprague Dawley, gd5); "osmotic minipumps offer a safe route of administration and, unlike injected nicotine, do not cause any overt signs of hypoxia or ischemia, such as blanching of the skin or cyanosis, nor are there any long term changes in maternal blood pressure or heart rate." (p. 622).

P8768 Forcelli,P.A., Heinrichs,S.C. Teratogenic effects of maternal antidepressant exposure on neural substrates of drug-seeking behavior in offspring. Addiction Biology 2008; 13(-1-):52-62. >>> Fluoxetine; Water; ethanol; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; animal info (female, Wistar, GD14); 50% EtOH used.

P8831 Franke,R.M., Park,M., Belluzzi,J.D., Leslie,F.M. Prenatal nicotine exposure changes natural and drug-induced reinforcement in adolescent male rats. European Journal of Neuroscience 2008; 27(-11-):2952-2961. >>> Nicotine ditartrate; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2002; 14-16 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 2955); teratology; animal info (female, Sprague Dawley, GD4-GD18-20).

P8875 Lipinski,R.J., Hutson,P.R., Hannam,P.W., Nydza,R.J., Washington,I.M., Moore,R.W., Girdaukas,G.G., Peterson,R.E., Bushman,W. Dose- and route-dependent teratogenicity, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic profiles of the Hedgehog signaling antagonist cyclopamine in the mouse. TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2008; 104(-1-):189-197. >>> Cyclopamine; Cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl; SC; Mice; 1003D; 1007D; 2001D; 8.7, 4.2, 1.3, 14 days; Comparison of IP injections, oral vs. mp; dose-response (Table 2, Fig. 1C); half-life (p. 195) 4 hours; teratology; animal info (C57BL/6, 12-16 wks old); pump model incorrectly stated as 1002D; "OsP infusion yielded mostly stable concentrations and generally circumvented the toxicity of ip and po administration likely caused by large initial concentration spikes." pg. 195.

P9707 Mao,C.P., Zhang,H., Xiao,D.L., Zhu,L.Y., Ding,Y., Zhang,Y.Y., Wu,L., Xu,Z.I., Zhang,L.B. Perinatal nicotine exposure alters AT1 and AT2 receptor expression pattern in the brain of fetal and offspring rats. Brain Research 2008; 1243(-;-):47-52. >>> Nicotine; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/saline; teratology; animal info (Sprague-Dawley).

P9431 McMurray,M.S., Williams,S.K., Jarrett,T.M., Cox,E.T., Fay,E.E., Overstreet,D.H., Walker,C.H., Johns,J.M. Gestational ethanol and nicotine exposure: Effects on maternal behavior, oxytocin, and offspring ethanol intake in the rat. NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY 2008; 30(-6-):475-486. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; sodium bitartrate; Water, bacteriostatic; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle or sodium bitartrate; no stress (see pg. 474); teratology; toxicology; depedence; post op. care (bupivicaine, bacitracin zinc, polymicin B sulfate); animal info (female, Sprague Dawley, GD4); behavioral testing (maternal behaviors: pup retrieval, touch sniff flick, test building, self grooming, lay on pup; sweet preference; locomotor; exploratory behavior).

P9190 Somm,E., Schwitzgebel,V.M., Vauthay,D.M., Camm,E.J., Chen,C.Y., Giacobino,J.P., Sizonenko,S.V., Aubert,M.L., Hueerppi,P.S. Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Alters Early Pancreatic Islet and Adipose Tissue Development with Consequences on the Control of Body Weight and Glucose Metabolism Later in Life. Endocrinology 2008; 149(-12-):6289-6299. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 300-325 g.); pumps were primed in saline for 4 hours at 37 degrees Celsius before implantation; "...a practical method for continuous delivery to the pup while minimizing stress due to handling gestating mothers." pg. 6297.

P9291 Vaglenova,J., Parameshwaran,K., Suppiramaniam,V., Breese,C.R., Pandiella,N., Birru,S. Long-lasting teratogenic effects of nicotine on cognition: Gender specificity and role of AMPA receptor function. NEUROBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY 2008; 90(-3-):527-536. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Saline, physiological; water, distilled; SC; Rat; 17-19 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg. 530); teratology; animal info (male, Sprague Dawley, 3 months old, GD3, 325 g.); behavioral testing of pups (exploratory activity, novelty seeking, locomotor activity, elevated plus maze test, shuttlebox active avoidance test).

P9458 Vandenberg,L.N., Maffini,M.V., Schaeberle,C.M., Ucci,A.A., Sonnenschein,C., Rubin,B.S., Soto,A.M. Perinatal exposure to the xenoestrogen bisphenol-A induces mammary intraductal hyperplasias in adult CD-1 mice. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY 2008; 26(-3-4-):210-219. >>> Bisphenol A; DMSO; SC; Mice (pregnant); 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (table 2); teratology; toxicology; animal info (female, CD-1, GD8-PND16); 50% DMSO used.

P8103 Dickinson,H., Walker,D.W., Wintour,E.M., Moritz,K. Maternal dexamethasone treatment at midgestation reduces nephron number and alters renal gene expression in the fetal spiny mouse. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2007; 292(-1-):R453-R461. >>> Dexamethasone; SC; Mice (pregnant); 1003D; 60 hours; Controls received mp w/ saline; no stress (see p.R455); good methods p.R454; teratology; post op. care (xylocaine, betadine); animal info (female, gestation day 20); nephrology.

P8041 Durando,M., Kass,L., Piva,J., Sonnenschein,C., Soto,A.M., Luque,E.H., Munoz-de-Toro,M. Prenatal bisphenol A exposure induces preneoplastic lesions in the mammary gland in Wistar rats. Environmental Health Perspectives 2007; 115(-1-):80-86. >>> Bisphenol A; DMSO; SC; Rat (pregnant); 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; animal info (Wistar, female); cancer.

P8476 Fliesler,S.J., Vaughan,D.K., Jenewein,E.C., Richards,M.J., Nagel,B.A., Peachey,N.S. Partial rescue of retinal function and sterol steady-state in a rat model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. PEDIATRIC RESEARCH 2007; 61(-3-):273-278. >>> AY9944; PBS; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received no treatment; enzyme inhibitor (3 beta-hydroxysterol-d7-reductase); teratology; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, GD7).

P8256 Hussein,J., Farkas,S., MacKinnon,Y., Ariano,R.E., Sitar,D.S., Hasan,S.U. Nicotine dose-concentration relationship and pregnancy outcomes in rat: Biologic plausibility and implications for future research. TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY 2007; 218(-1-):1-10. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 17-22 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (fig. 3); no stress (see pg. 5); half-life (pg. 8) shorter in males; teratology; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, gestation day 2, 350g.).

P8851 Richter,C.A., Birnbaum,L.S., Farabollini,F., Newbold,R.R., Rubin,B.S., Talsness,C.E., Vandenbergh,J.G., Walser-Kuntz,D.R., vom Saal,F.S.V. In vivo effects of bisphenol A in laboratory rodent studies. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY 2007; 24(-2-):199-224. >>> Bisphenol A; SC; Rat (pregnant); mice (pregnant); rat; 10, 11, 15 days; Dose-response; comparison of oral vs. SC injections vs. mp; teratology; toxicology; animal info (female, Wistar, Sprague Dawley; CD-1; GD8, 4 wks old); "minipump implants model continuous exposure and avoid the first-pass metabolism of BPA in the liver that results from oral exposure." (p. 202).

P8599 Stocker,C.J., Wargent,E., O'Dowd,J., Cornick,C., Speakman,J.R., Arch,J.R.S., Cawthorne,M.A. Prevention of diet-induced obesity and impaired glucose tolerance in rats following administration of leptin to their mothers. American Journal of Physiology- Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 2007; 292(-5-):R1810-R1818. >>> Leptin, rat; Saline, physiological; SC; Rat (pregnant); 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma leptin concentration; teratology; peptides; animal info (female, Wistar, 200-225 grams, gestational day 14).

P8198 Bakardjiev,A.I., Theriot,J.A., Portnoy,D.A. Listeria monocytogenes traffics from maternal organs to the placenta and back. PLoS Pathog 2006; 2(-6-):e66-. >>> Gentamicin sulfate; SC; Guinea-pig (pregnant); 2ML1; ; Functionality of mp verified by plasma levels taken; teratology; listeria; wound clips used.

P8272 Benson,J.M., Gomez,A.P., Statom,G.L., Tibbetts,B.M., Fleming,L.E., Backer,L.C., Reich,A., Baden,D.G. Placental transport of brevetoxin-3 in CD-1 mice. Toxicon 2006; 48(-8-):1018-1026. >>> Brevetoxin-3; Radio-isotopes; 3H; PBS; Tween 80; Mice (pregnant); 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of intratracheal instillation; half-life (p. 1023) 39 hours in blood, 1.7 hours in brain tissue; teratology; toxicology; animal info (female, CD-1, 10-11 weeks old, GD15-16 to 18-19); "Continuous compound release by the pump was intended to simulate slow continuous absorption as may occur following inhalation over a prolonged period." (p. 1020); 0.1% Tween 80.

P8216 Chauhan,M., Yallampalli,U., Reed,L., Yallampalli,C. Adrenomedullin 2 antagonist infusion to rats during midgestation causes fetoplacental growth restriction through apoptosis. Biology of Reproduction 2006; 75(-6-):940-947. >>> Adrenomedullin 2 (17-47); Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML1; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig,1); teratology; peptides; animal info (female, 200-300g., pregnant).

P8270 Eppolito,A.K., Smith,R.F. Long-term behavioral and developmental consequences of pre- and perinatal nicotine. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2006; 85(-4-):835-841. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate salt; SC; Rat (pregnant); rat (lactating); 2004; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; no stress (see pg. 839-40); teratology; animal info (female, Long-Evans, gestation day 4-postpartum day 11); "Chronic exposure to prenatal and early postnatal nicotine at a relatively low dose had no effect on maternal weight gain, litter size, or weight gain in pups from P1-P22." (p. 840); "Exposure to nicotine through suckling provides a more natural route of administration." (p. 840).

P8904 Fiorotto,M.L., Lopez,R., Oliver,W.T., Khan,A.S., Draghia-Akli,R. Transplacental transfer of a growth hormone-releasing hormone peptide from mother to fetus in the rat. DNA and Cell Biology 2006; 25(-8-):429-437. >>> Growth hormone-releasing hormone; radio-isotopes 125I tracer; BSA; SC; Rat (pregnant); 1003D; 52-58 hours; Controls received sham operation; functionality of mp verified by residual volume, total activity; no stress (see pg. 433); half-life (p. 432) 8 hours; teratology; peptides; animal info (female, Sprague Dawley, gd18).

P8959 Hayakawa,M., Takemoto,K., Nakayama,A., Saito,A., Sato,Y., Hasegawa,M., Leda,K., Mimura,S. An animal model of intrauterine growth retardation induced by synthetic thromboxane A2. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION 2006; 13(-8-):566-572. >>> Thromboxane A2, synthetic; Ethanol; IP; Rat (pregnant); 2ML1; 6-8 days; Controls received no treatment; functionality of mp verified by urinary thromboxane metabolite excretion; dose-response (p. 568); teratology; animal info (female, Sprague Dawley, gd13, 250-300 g.).

P8942 Lambin,S., van Bree,R., Vergote,I., Verhaeghe,J. Chronic tumor necrosis factor-alpha infusion in gravid C57BL6/J mice accelerates adipose tissue development in female offspring. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION 2006; 13(-8-):558-565. >>> Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, recomb. mouse; SC; Mice (pregnant); 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; dose-response (fig. 1); no stress (see pg. 560); teratology; peptides; animal info (female, C57BL/6, gd 11.5-18.5); endocrinology.

P8076 Laviola,G., Adriani,W., Gaudino,C., Marino,R., Keller,F. Paradoxical effects of prenatal acetylcholinesterase blockade on neuro-behavioral development and drug-induced stereotypies in reeler mutant mice. Psychopharmacology 2006; 187(-3-):331-344. >>> Chlorpyrifos-oxon; PBS; DMSO; SC; Mice (pregnant); 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see p.335); enzyme inhibitor (cholinesterase); teratology; animal info (female, B6C3Fe, rl/rl, rl/t or wt gestation days 14-16); 50% DMSO; neuropsychiatric disease model; gene-environment interaction model; "use of an osmotic minipump allowed a constant exposure to low doses of CPF-O, simulating continuous environmental exposure...A similar dose of chlorpyrifos, administered by daily subcutaneous injections in pregnant rats, was proven to be below systemic toxicity" (p.333)..

P8254 Levin,E.D., Lawrence,S., Petro,A., Horton,K., Seidler,F.J., Slotkin,T.A. Increased nicotine self-administration following prenatal exposure in female rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2006; 85(-3-):669-674. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; sodium bitartrate; Water, bacteriostatic; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML2; 17days; Controls received mp w/ sodium bitartrate; no stress (see pg. 672); teratology; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, gestation day 4-21).

P8297 Nitsos,I., Rees,S.M., Duncan,J., Kramer,B.W., Harding,R., Newnham,J.P., Moss,T.J.M. Chronic exposure to intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide affects the ovine fetal brain. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION 2006; 13(-4-):239-247. >>> Endotoxin, LPS; Intra-amniotic; Sheep (pregnant); 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; no stress (see pg. 240,242); teratology; post op. care (Penicillin); animal info (female, gestation days 80-108); mp attached to fetal forelimb using 3/0 braided silk ligature to ensure mp remained in amniotic fluid; "Intra-amniotic LPS infusion caused histological chorioamnionitis...but did not cause fetal death, preterm birth or abortion." (p. 242).

P8311 Slotkin,T.A., Tate,C.A., Cousins,M.M., Seidler,F.J. Prenatal nicotine exposure alters the responses to subsequent nicotine administration and withdrawal in adolescence: Serotonin receptors and cell signaling. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 31(-11-):2462-2475. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; sodium bitartrate; Water, bacteriostatic; SC; Rat (pregnant); rat; 1002; 2ML2; 17 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle, or sodium bitartrate; no stress (see pg. 2465); teratology; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley, gestational day 4; male, female, 30 days old).

P7511 vom Saal,F.S., Welshons,W.V. Large effects from small exposures. II. The importance of positive controls in low-dose research on bisphenol A. Environmental Research 2006; 100(-1-):50-76. >>> Bisphenol A; SC; Rat; mice (pregnant); ; Dose-response (table 1); teratology; toxicology; animal info (CD-1, female&male).

P7238 Abdel-Rahman,A., Dechkovskaia,A.M., Sutton,J.M., Chen,W.C., Guan,X.R., Khan,W.A., bou-Donia,M.B. Maternal exposure of rats to nicotine via infusion during gestation produces neurobehavioral deficits and elevated expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the cerebellum and CA1 subfield in the offspring at puberty. Toxicology 2005; 209(-3-):245-261. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Water, bacteriostatic; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML2; 16 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see 249); teratology; toxicology; "No sign of overt toxicity was observed in any group of mothers or offspring throughout the experimental period." (p. 249); "Nicotine delivery via osmotic minipump offers an alternative approach, whereby the episodic peak of plasma nicotine levels and resultant hypoxic episodes and stress of repeated injection can be avoided." (p. 246).

P6763 Beer,A., Slotkin,T.A., Seidler,F.J., Aldridge,J.E., Yanai,J. Nicotine therapy in adulthood reverses the synaptic and behavioral deficits elicited by prenatal exposure to phenobarbital. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005; 30(-1-):156-165. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; sodium bitartrate; Water, bacteriostatic; Mice; 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ sodium bitartrate; no stress (see pg.157); teratology.

P7317 Chen,H., Parker,S.L., Matta,S.G., Sharp,B.M. Gestational nicotine exposure reduces nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) expression in dopaminergic brain regions of adolescent rats. European Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 22(-2-):380-388. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Sodium tartrate; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML2; 32 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced; teratology.

P6898 Cohen,G., Roux,J.C., Grailhe,G., Malcolm,G., Changeux,J.P., Lagercrantz,H. Perinatal exposure to nicotine causes deficits associated with a loss of nicotinic receptor function. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2005; 102(-10-):3817-3821. >>> Nicotine; SC; Mice (pregnant); 1002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ water; half-life (p. 3820), 5-10 minutes; teratology.

P7363 Evans,C., Wang,J., Neff,R., Mendelowitz,D. Hypoxia recruits a respiratory-related excitatory pathway to brainstem premotor cardiac vagal neurons in animals exposed to prenatal nicotine. Neuroscience 2005; 133(-4-):1073-1079. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 28 days; Teratology, SIDS.

P7239 Farah,M.H., Easter,SS Jr  Journal of Comparative Neurology 2005; 489(-1-):120-134. >>> Uridine, bromodeoxy-; SC; Mice (pregnant); 2001; 1-7 days; Teratology.

P8235 Haddad,G.E., Scheer,A., Clarke,E Jr, Arguinzoni,J.K., Sobrian,S.K. Prenatal cocaine alone and combined with nicotine alters ANG II and IGF-1 induced left atrial contractions in aging male offspring. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2005; 83(-11-):957-965. >>> Nicotine, hydrogentartrate salt; SC; Rat (pregnant); 14 days; Dose-response (table 1); cardiovascular; teratology; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley).

P7533 Hafstrom,O., Milerad,J., Sandberg,K.L., Sundell,H.W. Cardiorespiratory effects of nicotine exposure during development. RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY&NEUROBIOLOGY 2005; 149(-1-3-):325-341. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; SC; Rat (pregnant); monkey (pregnant); mice (pregnant); sheep (pregnant); rat, mice, monkey, sheep (lamb); 28 days; Half-life (p. 327) 54 min in rats, 2-2.5 hours in humans, 5-7 min. in mice; teratology; "Most studies of prenatal nicotine exposure have been performed in rats using maternal continuous subcutaneous infusions by osmotic minipumps (ALZET) of nicotine bitartrate". (p. 326)..

P7193 Kallapur,S.G., Nitsos,I., Moss,T.J.M., Kramer,B.W., Newnham,J.P., Ikegami,M., Jobe,A.H. Chronic endotoxin exposure does not cause sustained structural abnormalities in the fetal sheep lungs. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 288(-5-):L966-L974. >>> Endotoxin; Saline; Intra-amniotic; Sheep (pregnant); 2ML4; 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by amniotic fluid endotoxin levels; comparison of intra-amniotic injections vs. mp; no stress (see pg. L969); teratology.

P8191 Kramer,B.W., Jobe,A.H. The clever fetus: Responding to inflammation to minimize lung injury. Biology of the Neonate 2005; 88(-3-):202-207. >>> Endotoxin, LPS; Intra-amniotic; Sheep (pregnant); 28 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; comparison of intra-amniotic injections vs. mp; half-life (p. 204) 35 hours in amniotic fluid; teratology; animal info (gestational day 80-108, female).

P7156 Markey,C.M., Wadia,P.R., Rubin,B.S., Sonnenschein,C., Soto,A.M. Long-term effects of fetal exposure to low doses of the Xenoestrogen bisphenol-A in the female mouse genital tract1. Biology of Reproduction 2005; 72(-6-):1344-1351. >>> Bisphenol A; DMSO; SC; Mice (pregnant); 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology.

P7549 Munoz-de-Toro,M., Markey,C.M., Wadia,P.R., Luque,E.H., Rubin,B.S., Sonnenschein,C., Soto,A.M. Perinatal exposure to bisphenol-A alters peripubertal mammary gland development in mice. Endocrinology 2005; 146(-9-):4138-4147. >>> Bisphenol A; estradiol; DMSO; SC; Mice (pregnant); 10, 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); cancer (mammary); teratology; animal info (female, CD-1, 9 wk old).

P7150 Proskocil,B.J., Sekhon,H.S., Clark,J.A., Lupo,S.L., Jia,Y.B., Hull,W.M., Whitsett,J.A., Starcher,B.C., Spindel,E.R. Vitamin c prevents the effects of prenatal nicotine on pulmonary function in newborn monkeys. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2005; 171(-9-):1032-1039. >>> Nicotine; Water; SC; Monkey (pregnant); 2ML4; 134 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; long-term study; pumps replaced every three weeks; teratology; post op. care (antiobiotic, twice a day for 3 days).

P7019 Slotkin,T.A., Seidler,F.J., Qiao,D., Aldridge,J.E., Tate,C.A., Cousins,M.M., Proskocil,B.J., Sekhon,H.S., Clark,J.A., Lupo,S.L., Spindel,E.R. Effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on primate brain development and attempted amelioration with supplemental choline or vitamin C: Neurotransmitter receptors, cell signaling and cell development biomarkers in fetal brain regions of rhesus monkeys. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005; 30(-1-):129-144. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Water, bacteriostatic; SC; Monkey (pregnant); 2ML4; 130 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma nicotine levels; long-term study; pumps replaced every 3 weeks; teratology; "the infusion model used here is an appropriate simulation of continuous nicotine delivery as is typical of transdermal nicotine patches, ...and smokers (who) tend to maintain a steady-state nicotine plasma level" (pg. 141).

P7333 Tahara,M., Kawagishi,R., Sawada,K., Morishige,K., Sakata,M., Tasaka,K., Murata,Y. Tocolytic effect of a Rho-kinase inhibitor in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm delivery. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005; 192(-3-):903-908. >>> 4-27632; Water, distilled; saline; IP; Mice (pregnant); 1007D; <1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; enzyme inhibitor (Rho-kinase); teratology; "There was no complications of insertion of the pumps (including bleeding, infection, or death)..." p. 904.

P7527 Thota,C.S., Reed,L.C., Yallampalli,C. Effects of parathyroid hormone like hormone (PTHLH) antagonist, PTHLH7-34 on fetoplacental development and growth during midgestation in rats. Biology of Reproduction 2005; 73(-6-):1191-1198. >>> Parathyroid hormone-like hormone 7-34; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2001; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (fig. 1); teratology; peptides; animal info (pregnant, female, 37 days old); PTHLH antagonist.

P7377 Vartazarmian,R., Malik,S., Baker,G.B., Boksa,P. Long-term effects of fluoxetine or vehicle administration during pregnancy on behavioral outcomes in guinea pig offspring. Psychopharmacology 2005; 178(-2-3-):328-338. >>> Fluoxetine; DMSO; water; SC; Guinea-Pig (pregnant); 44 days; Functionality of mp verified by plasma levels; pumps replaced on day 22&44; stress/adverse reaction: (see pg. 335) Hyperalgesia in control group (suggested it could be the DMSO); half-life (p. 331); teratology; 10, 15, 209 DMSO; 14d&28d pumps used; "use of the 28-day pump also minimizes the number of surgical pump implantations needed to maintain drug delivery throughout pregnancy." p. 332.

P6448 Abreu-Villaca,Y., Seidler,F.J., Tate,C.A., Cousins,M.M., Slotkin,T.A. Prenatal nicotine exposure alters the response to nicotine administration in adolescence: Effects on cholinergic systems during exposure and withdrawal. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29(-5-):879-890. >>> Nicotine; Water, sterile; SC; Rat (neonate); 1002; 2ML2; 2 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; 1002's used in neonatal rats and 2ML2 pumps were used in adult rats; incision was closed with wound clips.

P7134 breu-Villaca,Y., Seidler,F.J., Slotkin,T.A., Slotkin,T.A. Does prenatal nicotine exposure sensitize the brain to nicotine-induced neurotoxicity in adolescence?. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29(--):1440-1450. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Water, bacteriostatic; SC; Rat (pregnant); 1002, 2ML2; 17 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle and sodium bitartrate; teratology; dependence.

P7178 Cellini,C., Xu,J., Arriaga,A., Buchmiller-Crair,T.L., Buchmiller-Crair,T.L. Effect of epidermal growth factor infusion on fetal rabbit intrauterine growth retardation and small intestinal development. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2004; 39(-6-):891-897. >>> Epidermal growth factor, recomb.human; BSA; Intra-amniotic; Rabbit (pregnant); 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by residual volume; no stress (see pg. 893); teratology; peptides; multiple pumps per animal (4).

P6975 Ding,R., Tsunekawa,N., Obata,K. Cleft palate by picrotoxin or 3-MP and palatal shelf elevation in GABA-deficient mice. NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY 2004; 26(-4-):587-592. >>> Picrotoxin; aminobutyric acid, Y; mercaptopropionic acid, 3-; SC; Mice (pregnant); 1003D; 3 days; Controls received mp w/ saline; comparison of SC injections vs. mp; no stress (see pg. 589); teratology; SC injections induced seizures, during mp infusion mice behaved normally.

P6473 Hafstroem,O., Milerad,J., Sundell,H.W. Postnatal nicotine exposure does not further compromise hypoxia defense mechanisms in prenatally nicotine-exposed lambs. Acta Paediatrica 2004; 93(-4-):545-551. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; SC; Sheep (lamb); sheep (pregnant); 2ML4; 21,50 days; Pumps replaced after 28 days in pregnant sheep, after approx. 10 days in lambs; teratology.

P6850 Hou,Y.N., Yuri,T.A., Belcheva,M.M., Clark,A.L., Zahm,D.S., Coscia,C.J. Differential effects of gestational buprenorphine, naloxone, and methadone on mesolimbic mu opioid and ORL1 receptor G protein coupling. DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2004; 151(-1-2-):149-157. >>> Buprenorphine; naloxone; methadone; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; ; Controls received mp w/ water; dose-response (fig. 3); teratology.

P6859 Huang,Z.G., Wang,X., Evans,C., Gold,A., Bouairi,E., Mendelowitz,D. Prenatal nicotine exposure alters the types of nicotinic receptors that facilitate excitatory inputs to cardiac vagal neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology 2004; 92(-4-):2548-2554. >>> Nicotine; Water, bacteriostatic; SC; Rat (pregnant); ; Controls received no exposure; teratology.

P6943 Kajino,H., Taniguchi,T., Fujieda,K., Ushikubi,F., Muramatsu,I. An EP4 receptor agonist prevents indomethacin-induced closure of rat ductus arteriosus in vivo. PEDIATRIC RESEARCH 2004; 56(-4-):586-590. >>> ONO-4819; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 1003D; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; EP4 agonist.

P6353 Kane,V.B., Fu,Y.T., Matta,S.G., Sharp,B.M. Gestational nicotine exposure attenuates nicotine-stimulated dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens shell of adolescent Lewis rats. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2004; 308(-2-):521-528. >>> Nicotine; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML2; 17 days; Controls received mp w/ sodium bitartrate; teratology.

P7064 Luo,Z., Costy-Bennett,S., Fregosi,R.E. Prenatal nicotine exposure increases the strength of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition of respiratory rhythm in neonatal rats. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON 2004; 561(-2-):387-393. >>> Nicotine; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ physiological saline; no stress (see pg. 389); teratology; post op. care (buprenorphine, penicillin).

P6028 Piasek,M., Blanusa,M., Kostial,K., Laskey,J.W. Low iron diet and parenteral cadmium exposure in pregnant rats: the effects on trace elements and fetal viability. Biometals 2004; 17(-1-):1-14. >>> Cadmium chloride; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 28 days; Dose-reponse (p. 7, table 2); comparison of SC injections vs. SC mp; teratology.

P6375 Tamada,H., Shimizu,Y., Inaba,T., Kawate,N., Sawada,T. The effects of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole hydrochloride on fetuses and uteri in late pregnant rats. Journal of Endocrinology 2004; 180(-2-):337-345. >>> Fadrozole, hydrochloride; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2001; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; FAD plasma levels taken; teratology.

P6500 Vaglenova,J., Birru,S., Pandiella,N.M., Breese,C.R. An assessment of the long-term developmental and behavioral teratogenicity of prenatal nicotine exposure. Behavioural Brain Research 2004; 150(-1-2-):159-170. >>> Nicotine base; Saline, physiological; SC; Rat (pregnant); 28 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; no stress (see pg.161); teratology; dependence.

P6275 Wlodek,M.E., Di Nicolantonio,R., Westcott,K.T., Farrugia,W., Ho,P.W.M., Moseley,J.M. PTH/PTHrP receptor and mid-molecule PTHrP regulation of intrauterine PTHrP: PTH/PTHrP receptor antagonism increases SHR fetal weight. PLACENTA 2004; 25(-1-):53-61. >>> Parathyroid hormone-related protein (1-34); parathyroid hormone-related protein (67-94); parathyroid hormone-related protein (7-34), [Asn10, Leu11]; Saline; BSA; Intrauterine; Rat (pregnant); 2002; 10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; 2% BSA added; pump placed in IP cavity.

P6257 Elger,W., Beier,S., Pollow,K., Garfield,R., Shi,S.Q., Hillisch,A. Conception and pharmacodynamic profile of drospirenone. Steroids 2003; 68(-10-13-):891-905. >>> L-NAME; SC; Rat (pregnant); 10 days; Teratology; pump model not listed.

P6067 Goshen,I., Yirmiya,R., Iverfeldt,K., Weidenfeld,J. The role of endogenous interleukin-1 in stress-induced adrenal activation and adrenalectomy-induced adrenocorticotropic hormone hypersecretion. Endocrinology 2003; 144(-10-):4453-4458. >>> Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; SC; Mice (pregnant); 1002; 14 days; Teratology.

P6457 Hayakawa,Y., Chandra,M., Miao,W.F., Shirani,J., Brown,J.H., Dorn,GW II, Armstrong,R.C., Kitsis,R.N. Inhibition of cardiac myocyte apoptosis improves cardiac function and abolishes mortality in the peripartum cardiomyopathy of G alpha q transgenic mice. Circulation 2003; 108(-24-):3036-3041. >>> IDN-1965; DMSO; SC; Mice (pregnant); mice (transgenic); 1002; 25 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; pumps replaced after 14 days; enzyme inhibitor (polycaspase); cardiovascular; teratology; 50% DMSO; "Continuous subcutaneous delivery of this potent polycaspase inhibitor is sufficient to suppress effector caspase activity" (p.3037).

P5984 Kitano,Y., von Allmen,D., Kanai,M., Adzick,N.S., Flake,A.W. Epinephrine inhibits tracheal occlusion induced lung growth in fetal sheep. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 2003; 18(-5-):333-337. >>> Epinephrine; Saline; ascorbic acid; SC; Sheep (fetus); 2ML1; 4 days; Teratology.

P6252 Langdown,M.L., Holness,M.J., Sugden,M.C. Effects of prenatal glucocorticoid exposure on cardiac calreticulin and calsequestrin protein expression during early development and in adulthood. Biochemical Journal 2003; 371(--):61-69. >>> Dexamethasone sodium phosphate; Rat (pregnant); 2001; 7 days; Dose-response (Table 1); cardiovascular; teratology; priming dose of agent given by SC injection prior to mp implantation.

P6217 Leamey,C.A., Ho-Pao,C.L., Sur,M. Role of calcineurin in activity-dependent pattern formation in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the ferret. Journal of Neurobiology 2003; 56(-2-):153-162. >>> FK-506; DMSO; saline; CSF/CNS (dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus); Ferret (kit); 2002; 12 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; post op. care (prophylactically treated with amoxycillin); 50% DMSO used; 14-15 day told ferret kits received pumps.

P6155 Markey,C.M., Coombs,M.A., Sonnenschein,C., Soto,A.M. Mammalian development in a changing environment: exposure to endocrine disruptors reveals the developmental plasticity of steroid-hormone target organs. EVOLUTION&DEVELOPMENT 2003; 5(-1-):67-75. >>> Bisphenol A; DMSO; Mice; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic chemical, which was dissolved in DMSO; pump model not stated.

P5987 Neff,R.A., Wang,J.J., Baxi,S., Evans,C., Mendelowitz,D. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia - Endogenous activation of nicotinic receptors mediates respiratory modulation of brainstem cardioinhibitory parasympathetic neurons. Circulation Research 2003; 93(-6-):565-572. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 28 days; Teratology; SID's disease; "osmotic minipumps were chosen to avoid the high plasma nicotine concentrations&subsequent episodic fetal hypoxia/ischemia that can be produced by nicotine injections." p. 566.

P6040 Ohashi,K., Osuga,J., Tozawa,R., Kitamine,T., Yagyu,H., Sekiya,M., Tomita,S., Okazaki,H., Tamura,Y., Yahagi,N., Iizuka,Y., Harada,K., Gotoda,T., Shimano,H., Yamada,N., Ishibashi,S. Early embryonic lethality caused by targeted disruption of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase gene. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2003; 278(-44-):42936-42941. >>> Mevalonate; SC; Mice (pregnant); 2004; 4 weeks; Teratology.

P6006 Pausova,Z., Paus,T., Sedova,L., Berube,J. Prenatal exposure to nicotine modifies kidney weight and blood pressure in genetically susceptible rats: A case of gene-environment interaction. Kidney International 2003; 64(-3-):829-835. >>> Nicotine; saline; Water, sterile; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML2; 17 days; Teratology.

P5691 Sarasin,A., Schlumpf,M., Muller,M., Fleischmann,L., Lauber,M.E., Lichtensteiger,W. Adrenal-mediated rather than direct effects of nicotine as a basis of altered sex steroid synthesis in fetal and neonatal rat. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY 2003; 17(-2-):153-162. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate; Tartaric acid; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2001; 1 week; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; toxicology.

P5608 Shinkai,N., Sasaki,H., Okumura,Y., Saito,H., Takasuna,K., Takayama,S. Tocolytic effects of formoterol are associated with local change in the progesterone/estradiol ratio. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS GYNECOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY 2003; 107(-2-):163-167. >>> Formoterol fumarate; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML1; 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; replacement therapy (ovariectomy); dose-response (p.165); teratology; formoterol is a highly potent, long lasting B2-adrenoceptor agonist used for asthma therapy..

P5817 Shinkai,N., Takasuna,K., Takayama,S. Inhibitory effects of formoterol on lipopolysaccharide-induced premature delivery through modulation of proinflammatory cytokine production in mice. REPRODUCTION 2003; 125(-2-):199-203. >>> Nicotine hydrogen tartrate salt; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML2; ; Teratology.

P5622 Sundell,H.W., Karmo,H., Milerad,J. Impaired cardiorespiratory recovery after laryngeal stimulation in nicotine-exposed young lambs. PEDIATRIC RESEARCH 2003; 53(-1-):104-112. >>> Platelet-activating factor, carbamyl-; Saline; ethyl alcohol; IV (jugular); Rat (pregnant); 4 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; 1.5% ethyl alcohol used; PAF is a phospholipid..

P5611 Witlin,A.G., Gangula,P.R.R., Wimalawansa,S.J., Grafe,M., Grady,J.J., Yallampalli,C. Adrenomedullin requires an intact nitric oxide system to function as a nendogenous vasodilator in rat gestation. HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY 2003; 22(-1-):9-24. >>> Adrenomedullin, human; L-NAME; SC; Rat (pregnant); 1003D; 2001D; 2ML1; 2ML2; 1-5 days; Controls received mp/w vehicle; dose-response (table, p. 17); teratology; peptides; antihypertensive; agents infused individually or in combination..

P5679 Wong,T., Wickstrom,R., Holgert,H. Chronic prenatal nicotine exposure alters enkephalin mRNA regulation in the perinatal rat adrenal medulla. PEDIATRIC RESEARCH 2003; 53(-5-):814-816. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; Saline; IP; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; ; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology..

P5530 Cogram,P., Tesh,S., Tesh,J., Wade,A., Allan,G., Greene,N.D.E., Copp,A.J. D-chiro-inositol is more effective than myo-inositol in preventing folate-resistant mouse neural tube defects. Human Reproduction 2002; 17(-9-):2451-2458. >>> Inositol, D-chiro; inositol, myo-; SC; Mice (pregnant); 1003D; ; Controls received mp w/ PBS; dose-response; teratology.

P6209 Evans,I.M., Pickard,M.R., Sinha,A.K., Leonard,A.J., Sampson,D.C., Ekins,R.P. Influence of maternal hyperthyroidism in the rat on the expression of neuronal and astrocytic cytoskeletal proteins in fetal brain. Journal of Endocrinology 2002; 175(-3-):597-604. >>> Thyroxine; PBS; BSA; NaOH; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2004; 23 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by tail bleed for TH levels; replacement therapy (thyroidectomy); teratology.

P6213 Fewell,J.E., Eliason,H.L. Fetal exposure to nicotine does not alter the core temperature response of 7-to 8-week-old rats to intracerebroventricular administration of PGE1. PHYSIOLOGY&BEHAVIOR 2002; 77(-2-3-):269-275. >>> Nicotine tartrate; Water, sterile; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 14-16 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology.

R0152 File,S.E., Seth,P., Cheeta,S., Tucci,S., File,S.E. Nicotinic-serotonergic interactions in brain and behaviour. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 2002; 71(--):795-805. >>> Nicotine; Rat; ; Comparison of SC, IP injections vs. minipump; teratology; brain tissue distribution; chronic nicotine treatment via minipump mentioned on p. 796..

P5886 Hafstrom,O., Milerad,J., Sundell,H.W. Prenatal nicotine exposure blunts the cardiorespiratory response to hypoxia in lambs. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2002; 166(-12-):1544-1549. >>> Nicotine bitartrate; SC; Sheep (pregnant); 2ML4; 49 days; Functionality of mp verified by plasma levels taken; pumps replaced once; teratology; cardiovascular; sudden infant death syndrome.

P5306 Ishida,M., Hiramatsu,Y., Masuyama,H., Mizutani,Y., Kudo,T. Inhibition of placental ornithine decarboxylase by DL-alpha-difluoro- methyl ornithine causes fetal growth restriction in rat. Life Sci. 2002/2/8; 70(-12-):1395-1405. >>> Ornithine, difluoromethyl-; Saline; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML1; 7-10 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; enzyme inhibitor; also called DMFO; irreversible ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor;.

P5135 Jebelli,A.K., Doan,N., Ellison,G. Prenatal phencyclidine induces heightened neurodegeneration in rats in some brain regions, especially during 2nd trimester, but possible anti-apoptotic effects in others. Pharmacol Toxicol. 2002/1; 90(--):20-25. >>> Phencyclidine; Saline; SC; rat (pregnant); 2ML1; 5 days; controls received a saline pellet as a "sham minipump"; teratology.

P5438 Mejia,J.M., Ervin,F.R., Baker,G.B., Palmour,R.M. Monoamine oxidase inhibition during brain development induces pathological aggressive behavior in mice. Biological Psychiatry 2002; 52(-8-):811-822. >>> Chlorgyline; Deprenyl; Saline; SC; Mice (pregnant); 2002; 2004; 6 weeks; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; enzyme inhibitors (monoamine oxidase inhibitors); 2002 pumps were replaced w/ 2004 pumps after 2 weeks to complete a 6 week infusion; agents infused singly or concommitant in the same pump.

P5061 Moss,T.J.M., Newnham,J.P., Willett,K.E., Kramer,B.W., Jobe,A.H., Ikegami,M. Early gestational intra-amniotic endotoxin - Lung function, surfactant, and morphometry. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2002; 165(--):805-811. >>> Endotoxin, E. coli; Saline; Amniotic sac; sheep (lamb, fetus); 2ML4; 4 weeks; controls received mp w/ vehicle; tissue perfusion (amniotic sac); comparison of intra-amniotic injections vs. mp; immunology; teratology; pre-natal lung development.

P5440 Moss,T.J.M., Nitsos,I., Kramer,B.W., Ikegami,M., Newnham,J.P., Jobe,A.H. Intra-amniotic endotoxin induces lung maturation by direct effects on the developing respiratory tract in preterm sheep. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2002; 187(-4-):1059-1065. >>> Endotoxin; Saline; Intra-amniotic; intratracheal; Sheep (lamb, pregnant); sheep (fetus); 2001D; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology.

P5128 Narayanan,U., Birru,S., Vaglenova,J., Breese,C.R. Nicotinic receptor expression following nicotine exposure via maternal milk. NeuroReport 2002; 13(-7-):961-963. >>> Nicotine; Saline; SC; rat (lactating); 15 days; teratology; model not specified but 28-day pump used.

P5209 Newnham,J.P., Moss,T.J., Kramer,B.W., Nitsos,I., Ikegami,M., Jobe,A.H. The fetal maturational and inflammatory responses to different routes of endotoxin infusion in sheep. Am.J Obstet.Gynecol. 2002/5; 186(-5-):1062-1068. >>> Endotoxin, E. coli; Saline; IP; Intratracheal; intragastric, intra-amniotic; Sheep (lamb); Sheep (fetus);; 2001D; 24 hours; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; comparison of intra-amniotic injections vs. mp; immunology; teratology; description of fetal surgery (p.1063); correct pump placement confirmed by examining newborn lambs.

P6661 Piasek,M., Laskey,J.W., Kostial,K., Blanusa,M. Assessment of steroid disruption using cultures of whole ovary and/or placenta in rat and in human placental tissue. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 2002; 75(--):S36-S44. >>> Cadmium chloride; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML2; 19 days; Functionality of mp verified by placental cadmium levels; dose-response (fig. 5); teratology.

P5877 Shinkai,N., Takasuna,K., Takayama,S. Tocolytic activity of formoterol against premature delivery in mice. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2002; 54(-12-):1637-1643. >>> Formoterol fumerate; Saline; Ringer's solution; SC; Mice (pregnant); 2001D; 1 day; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; pumps implanted at 15th day of gestation.

P5341 Stoller,D.C., Thornton,S.R., Smith,F.L. Loss of antinociceptive efficacy in rat pups infused with morphine from osmotic minipumps. Pharmacology 2002; 66(-1-):11-18. >>> Morphine sulfate; Saline, isotonic; SC; Rat (neonate); 1003D; 72 hours; Controls received mp w/ saline; toxicology; teratology; tolerance; dependence; 6-day and 14-day old rat pups implanted; incision closed w/ vetbond tissue adhesive.

P5134 Thompson,C.I., Munford,J.W., Buell,E.H., Karry,R.J., Lee,C.T., Morgan,B.L., Radnovich,A.J. Plasma constituents and mortality in rat pups given chronic insulin via injection, pellet, or osmotic minipump. Can.J Physiol Pharmacol 2002/3; 80(--):180-192. >>> Insulin, bovine; Saline; SC; rat (neonate); 1002; 10 days; Animal info (neonates, 9 days old), controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by plasma insulin levels and residual aspiration; comparison of pellet vs. sc injections vs. mp; no stress (see p. 186); "The minipumps appeared to be well tolerated and caused no obvious difficulty with nursing" (p. 186); teratology; peptides; "...pups tolerate insulin more readily from a minipump than from a pellet..." (p. 190) "pellets caused high mortality within 24 h" (abstract); "Hypothermia is safe, and it has been shown to be an effective technique for inducing anesthesia in neonatal and preweaning rats. We therefore used moderate hypothermia to subcutaneously implant the osmotic minipumps..." p. 186; "It took approximately 1.5 minutes to implant the minipump in each pup..." p. 186; "The present studies indicate that subcutaneous insulin pellets are not suitable for this purpose (chronic insulin delivery in rat pups), since rat pups do not tolerate them well." p. 191.

P5868 Wickstrom,H.R., Mas,C., Simonneau,M., Holgert,H., Hokfelt,T., Lagercrantz,H. Perinatal nicotine attenuates the hypoxia-induced up-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase and galanin mRNA in locus ceruleus of the newborn mouse. PEDIATRIC RESEARCH 2002; 52(-5-):763-769. >>> Prolactin, recomb; prolactin, phosphorylated; Saline; Rat (pregnant); 2002; 14 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; peptides; apoptosis.

P4784 Buhimschi,I.A., Shi,S.Q., Saade,G.R., Garfield,R.E. Marked variation in responses to long-term nitric oxide inhibition during pregnancy in outbred rats from two different colonies.. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001; 184(-4-):686-693. >>> L-NAME; Saline;; SC;; rat (pregnant);; 2ML2; 2ML4;; 14 or 28 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; enzyme inhibitor; L-NAME is a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor;.

P4807 Fewell,J.E., Smith,F.G., Ng,V.K.Y. Prenatal exposure to nicotine impairs protective responses of rat pups to hypoxia in an age-dependent manner.. RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY 2001; 127(--):61-73. >>> Nicotine tartrate;; SC;; rat (pregnant);; 2ML4;; 28 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology;.

P5225 Fewell,J.E., Eliason,H.L., Crisanti,K.C. Prenatal exposure to nicotine attenuates stress-induced hyperthermia in 7- to 8-week-old rats upon exposure to a novel environment. Physiol Behav. 2001/11; 74(-4-5-):595-601. >>> Nicotine tartrate; Water, sterile; SC; Rat (pregnant); 2ML4; 14-16 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality verified by maternal nicotine serum levels; no stress (p. 600); teratology.

P4823 Fewell,J.E., Smith,F.G., Ng,V.K.Y. Threshold levels of maternal nicotine impairing protective responses of newborn rats to intermittent hypoxia.. Journal of Applied Physiology 2001; 90(--):1968-1976. >>> Nicotine tartrate;; Water, sterile;; SC;; rat (pregnant);; 2ML4;; 28 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by serum nicotine levels; dose-response (graph on p. 1970); teratology;.

P4779 Howell,L.L., Schama,K.F., Ellis,J.E., Grimley,P.J., Kitchens,A.J., Byrd,L.D. Fetal development in rhesus monkeys exposed prenatally to cocaine.. Neurotoxicol.Teratol. 2001; 23(--):133-140. >>> Cocaine;; Saline;; SC;; monkey (pregnant);; 2ML4;; ~ 180 days;; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; functionality of mp verified by cocaine serum levels; dose-response (table 4 p. 136); long-term study, pumps replaced every 28 days for up to 180 days (until birth); teratology;.

P4801 Langdown,M.L., Holness,M.J., Sugden,M.C. Early growth retardation induced by excessive exposure to glucocorticoids in utero selectively increases cardiac GLUT1 protein expression and Akt/protein kinase B activity in adulthood.. Journal of Endocrinology 2001; 169(--):11-22. >>> Buprenorphine; Methadone; Water; SC; rat (pregnant); rat (neonate); 7 days;; controls received mp w/ vehicle; dose-response (graphs p. 802); teratology; toxicology; dependence; 28-day pumps implanted in pregnant rats; 14-day pumps implanted in 10-day old rat pups..

P6173 Roy,T.S, Seidler,F.J., Slotkin,T.A. Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Evokes Alterations of Cell Structure in Hippocampus and Somatosensory Cortex. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2001; 300(-1-):124-133. >>> Nicotine, bitartrate; Water, bacteriostatic; SC; Rat; 2ML2; 17.5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; teratology; "Unlike injected nicotine, the infusion of nicotine via osmotic minipumps does not cause any overt signs of hypoxia/ischemia, such as blanching of the skin or cyanosis." p. 125.

P4822 Sameshima,H., Ikenoue,T. Long-term magnesium sulfate treatment as protection against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in seven-day-old rats.. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001; 184(--):185-190. >>> Magnesium sulfate;; SC;; rat (neonate);; 1003D;; 3 days;; Controls received mp w/ saline; functionality of mp verified by measuring magnesium ion concentrations; teratology; seven-day old rat pups weighed on average 13.9±2.5 grams; neuroprotection; ischemia (cerebral).

Q0933 Thaete,L.G., Neerhof,M.G., Silver,R.K. Differential Effects of Endothelin A and B Receptor Antagonism on Fetal Growth in Normal and Nitric Oxide-Deficient Rats. J.Soc.Gynecol.Invest. 2001; 8(-1-):18-23. >>> FR-139317; L-NAME; A-127722; A-182086; Ethyl alcohol; propylene glycol; sodium hydroxide; water; IV (jugular); Rat (pregnant); 7 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle; animal info (female, Sprague-Dawley); teratology' peptides; multiple pumps per animal (2); 20% ethyl alcohol used.

P6594 Xu,Z., Seidler,F.J., Ali,S.F., Slikker Jr,W., Slotkin,T.A. Fetal and adolescent nicotine administration: effects on CNS serotonergic systems. Brain Research 2001; 914(--):166-178. >>> Nicotine, bitartrate; Water, bacteriostatic; SC; Rat (pregnant); rat (adolescent); 1002; 2ML2; 17.5 days; Controls received mp w/ vehicle and sodium batartrate; functionality of mp verified by plasma nicotine levels; dose-response (fig.1); teratology; dependence.