References on the Use of ALZET® Osmotic Pumps in Vitro

P9100 Froidevaux,S., Hintermann,E., Torok,M., Macke,H.R., Beglinger,C., Eberle,A.N. Differential regulation of somatostatin receptor type 2 (sst 2) expression in AR4-2J tumor cells implanted into mice during octreotide treatment. Cancer Res. 1999/8/1; 59(-15-):3652-3657. >>> Octreotide; NaCl; SC; in vitro (culture medium); Mice (SCID); 1002; 7 days; Cancer; animal info (AR4-2J tumor-bearing, CB17).

P7395 Jannasch,H.W., Wheat,C.G., Plant,J.N., Kastner,M., Stakes,D.S. Continuous chemical monitoring with osmotically pumped water samplers: OsmoSampler design and applications. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS 2004; 2(--):102-113. >>> ; In vitro (marine environment); 2ML1 (outer semipermeable membranes); >3 years; Novel use of ALZET Osmotic Pumps to sample seawater (osmosampler); "the inherent simplicity of osmotic pumps makes them an excellent replacement for electromechanical pumps, especially for extended sampling periods in harsh aquatic environments." p. 103; device diagram, p. 103, fig 1; flow rate is 4 ul/hr at 20 Celsius; membranes have successfully been used for more than 3 years; pumps have operated at depths up to 4,000 m.

P6591 Paasche,G., Gibson,P., Averbeck,T., Becker,H., Lenarz,T., Stover,T. Technical report: Modification of a cochlear implant electrode for drug delivery to the inner ear. OTOLOGY&NEUROTOLOGY 2003; 24(-2-):222-227. >>> Dye, methylene blue; in vitro; 2002; 3 days.

P4692 Bittner,B, Thelly,Th, Isel,H, Mountfield,R.J  International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2000; 205(--):195-198. >>> Mannitol; Radio-isotopes; Pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-; Propylene glycol; PEG; 14C tracer; Water; Dimethylacetamide, N-N-;; in vitro; 2ML1; 8 days; Functionality of mp verified by in vitro testing; ALZAID chemical compatibility kit used; various solvents employed to find compatibility with drug reservoir.

P4504 Rasmussen,O, Gmünder,F, Tairbekov,M, Kordyum,E.L, Lozovaya,V.V, Baggerud,C, Iversen,T.-H  ESA 1990/11; 307(--):527-530. >>> Growth medium; In vitro; 14 days; mp used to deliver growth medium to protoplasts during spaceflight.

P3948 Gmunder,F.K., Suter,R.N., Kiess,M., Urfer,R., Nordau,C.-G., Cogoli,A. Mammalian cell cultivation in space. Adv.Space Res 1989; 9(-11-):119-127. >>> Culture media; Glucose; Fetal calf serum; HEPES buffer; Gentamycin;; in vitro (cell culture); 2001; 2002; ; diagram of dynamic cell culture system on page 123; in vitro; spaceflight.

P3604 Lorenzi,G., Gmunder,F.K., Cogoli,A. Cultivation of hamster kidney cells in a dynamic cell culture system in space (spacelab IML-1 mission). Microgravity Sci.Technol. 1993; VI/1(--):34-38. >>> NaHCO3; Glucose; HEPES; DMEM; Serum, fetal calf; Gentamicin; in vitro (cell culture); 2001; no duration posted; mp connected to cell culture chamber; "...the osmotic pump delivered sufficient fresh medium to support cell growth in the perfusion chambers." p. 37; spaceflight.

P3556 Arnot,M.I., Bateson,A.N., Martin,I.L. Dimethyl sulfoxide/propylene glycol is a suitable solvent for the delivery of diazepam from osmotic minipumps. J.Pharm.&Tox.Meth. 1996; 36(--):29-31. >>> Diazepam; Clonazepam; flumazenil; DMSO; Propylene glycol; Tetraglycol; 3H tracer; Radio-isotopes; in vitro; 2ML4; no duration posted; no comment posted.

P3217 Janzer,R.S., Lobrinus,J.A., Darekar,D., Juillerat,L. Astrocytes secrete a factor inducing the expression of HT7-protein and neurothelin in endothelial cells of choriaoallantoic vessels. Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. 1993; 331(--):217-221. >>> Medium, astrocyte conditioned-; in vitro; chorioallantoic membrane; bird (chicken embryo); 2002; 5 days; controls received mp with PBS; gelfoam placed on chorioallantoic membrane; mp connected to gelfoam with PE tubing; mp kept in saline.

P3013 Di Joseph,J.F., Russo,R.J., Cochran,D.W. Osmotic pump delivery of rapamycin. Transplantation 1993; 55(-2-):450-452. >>> Rapamycin; Dimethylacetamide, N, N-; Tween 80; PEG 400; in vitro; 2002; 2 weeks; stability verified by in vitro testing and HPLC for 14 days; in vitro validation of functionality and rapamycin stability.

P2765 Vahlsing,H.L., Varon,S., Hagg,T, Fass-Holmes,B., Dekker,A., Manley,M., Manthorpe,M. An improved device for continuous intraventricular infusions prevents the introduction of pump-derived toxins and increases the effectiveness of ngf treatments. Exp.Neurol. 1989; 105(-3-):233-243. >>> Nerve growth factor; CSF, artificial; in vitro; CSF/CNS; rat; 2002; 3, 7, or 14 days; no stress-see page 236; stress/adverse reaction: pages 233,236; previous experiments by investigators brought about evidence that mp were introducing cytotoxic substances into infusion fluid. This paper documents creation of coiled tubing method w/air/oil spacer whereby the fluid infused is insulated from mp while still propelled by its advance; paraffin dipping of pump utilized to reduce release rate; residual flow rate was slower in in vivo pumps than in in vitro pumps; with the modified pump fewer than 10% of rats had infusion-induced lesions; tracing air-oil space movement allows a precise measurement of volume of infusate.

P1552 Linser,P.J., Plunkett,J.A. A role for carbonic anhydrase in early eye morphogenesis. Invest.Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci. 1989; 30(-4-):783-785. >>> Methazolamide; Tyrode's solution; Eye; in vitro; bird (chicken embryo); 2001; 3 days; comparison of topical dosing vs. mp infusion; tissue perfusion.

P1389 Carpenter,T.A., Hall,L.D., Hogan,P.G. Magnetic resonance imaging of the delivery of a paramagnetic contrast agent by an osmotic pump. Drug Design Delivery 1988; 3(--):263-266. >>> GdDTPA; Water; in vitro; 2ML1; 220 hours; GdDTPA is gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid; MRI.

P1382 Gmunder,F.K., Nordau,C.-G., Tschopp,A., Huber,B., Cogoli,A. Dynamic cell culture system: a new cell cultivation instrument for biological experiments in space. J.Biotechnol. 1988; 7(--):217-228. >>> Culture media, DMEM; HEPES; Serum, fetal calf; Gentamicin; Glucose; in vitro (cell culture); 2001; 7 days; Mp connected to cell culture chamber; cytotoxicity described; spaceflight.

P1301 Seran,G.F., Sparber,S.B. Metabolism of methadone by chicken embryos prevents induction of chronic opioid-type dependence after a single injection: use of osmotic pumps for continuous infusion. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 1988; 30(-2-):357-363. >>> Methadol, N-desmethyl-1-acetyl; Methadone; Radio-isotopes; 3H tracer; Propylene glycol; Saline; Water; in vitro; bird (chicken embryo); 2001; 7 days; pump delivered to chicken egg via catheter; pump extracorporeal; comparison of a single injection vs. mp infusion.

P1240 Waggoner,P.R., Philp,N.J. Method for long term delivery of soluble agents to the chick chorioallantoic membrane. Experientia 1981; 37(-3-):321-322. >>> Thyroxine, l-; in vitro; chorioallantoic membrane; bird (chicken embryo); 2001; 7 days; mp placed in small test tube filled w/ water and then sealed w/ parafilm; mp connected to catheter that bathed the chorioallantoic membrane.

P0773 Lifschitz,M.D. Prostaglandins may mediate chloride concentration gradient across domes formed by MDCK1 cells. Am.J.Physiol. 1986; 250(--):F525-F531. >>> Prostaglandin E2; Glycine; in vitro (cell culture); 2002; 5 hours; mp infusion in culture dish to continually add PGE2 to MDCK cell culture.

P0241 Hock,J.M., Simmons,H.A., Schiess,M.C., Raisz,L.G. Use of osmotic minipumps for delivery of parathyroid hormone. Calcif.Tissue Int. 1982; 34(--):270-272. >>> Parathyroid hormone, bovine 1-84; Culture medium, BGJ; Cysteine; HCl; Saline; Serum, rat; bone (parietal); in vitro; rat; no duration posted; in vitro: pump immersed in Ringer's solution 2-6 days; in vivo: tubing from mp wired to supraorbital ridges w/outlet cut in tubing overlying parietal bone for 2 days; peptides; tissue perfusion.

P0218 Neely,J.E., Hake,D.A. Using miniature osmotic infusion pumps to maintain tritiated thymidine exposure to cells in culture. J.Histochem.Cytochem. 1982; 30(-6-):536-537. >>> Radio-isotopes; Thymidine; 3H tracer; Saline; in vitro (cell culture); 2001; no duration posted; pumps immersed in tissue culture dish for thymidine experiments.